Biochemistry
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Transcript of Biochemistry
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Atoms Elements
HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms Monomers make up polymers
Monosaccharides Fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides
Biological Compounds (polymers) Carbohydrates (CH20) Lipids (CHO) 2x as many H as C, fewer O Proteins (CHONS) Nucleic Acids (CHONP)
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Monomer Single unit of a macromolecule Can be linked together to form polymers
MonomerMonomer Monomer Monomer
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AKA: sugars, saccharides <the movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in
which everyone lives happily ever after>development of saccharin -- an artificial sweetener known
today to many seasoned dieters as Sweet-n-Low. Why are they important?
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Polymer: Cellulose
Polymer: Glycogen Animal energy
Monomers (C6H12O6 )Glucose - Photosynthesis Fructose - FruitGalactose – Milk
Same chemical formulaDifferent shape = isomer
Polymer : Starch Plant Energy
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C6H12O6
+ C6H12O6
When H2O is created because two monomers are united, this is called a condensation reaction.
The opposite, when water is added to break a polymer apart, it is called hydrolysis.
C12H22 O11
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Phospholipids Triglycerides Waxes Steroids
Type of Steroids: Cholesterol
Hormones Androgen
Corticosteroids HGH BGH
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Lots of C, twice as much H, very little O Long hydrocarbon chains
Fatty acid (monomer)
Triglyceride (Fats) Saturated or unsaturated Oil (liquid) - E storage Fat (solid) - E storage, insulation, padding
-NonpolarNonpolar-HydrophobicHydrophobic
-PolarPolar-HydrophilicHydrophilic
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Glycerol
TRIGLYCERIDE
Glycerol
Phosphate
PHOSPHOLIPID
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Impermeable to H20, maintains cell integrity.
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C, H, O, N and sometimes S Peptide = Amino Acid = Protein Monomer
Over twenty varieties(They differ only in the “radical” group)
RRRadical GroupRadical Group
CC
HH
NNHH
HHCC
OO
OO HH
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Enzymes are a type of protein Lower the activation
energy for chemical reactions
Are reusable Phenylketonuria
Neurological disease Lack of enzyme Phenylalanine hydroxlase
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine hydroxlase
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Proteins are polymers comprised of amino acids
Structural examples Muscle fibers, hair, cytoskeleton Cell membrane proteins
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C, H, O, N, and P Nucleotide (nucleic acid monomer)
Monosaccharide Ribose or Deoxyribose
Nitrogenous Base Phosphate Group
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Nucleic Acid PolymersRNA
Protein synthesisDNA
Primary genetic info
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1. List the 6 elements common to all organisms 2. Name four organic compounds 3. Describe the amount of elements found in a carbohydrate
monomer. 4. Name 3 carbohydrate monomers 5. Name 3 carbohydrate polymers 6. Name the polymer for each monomer
A. nucleotide C. Fatty acid B. monosaccharide D. Amino acid
7. Draw a rough outline of what a nucleic acid monomer and a carbohydrate monomer would look like.
8. What elements are in a nucleic acid monomer?