Biochar Meth_public Comment Draft

8/12/2019 Biochar Meth_public Comment Draft

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MethodologyforBiocharProjectsVersion1.0


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MethodologyforBiocharProjectsv1.0

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PreparedBy:

TeresaKoper,PeterWeisberg(TheClimateTrust),AlisonLennie,KeithDriver,HannahSimons

(PrasinoGroup),MiguelRodriguez,DebbieReed,StefanJirka(InternationalBiocharInitiative),

JohnGaunt(CarbonConsulting)


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CONTENTS1 Met hodol ogy descr i pt i on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1 SummaryDescriptionoftheMethodology.................................................................................. 4

1.2 RelationshiptoApprovedMethodologies.................................................................................... 4

1.3 Sources.......................................................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Definitions..................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Appl i cabi l i t y Condi t i ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Pr oj ect Boundar i es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.1GreenhouseGasandCarbonPoolBoundaries................................................................................. 14

3.2TemporalBoundaries........................................................................................................................ 25

4 Procedur e f or Det er mi ni ng t he Basel i ne Scenar i o and

Addi t i onal i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4.1ProcedureforDeterminingtheBaselineScenario........................................................................... 26

4.2ProcedureforDemonstratingAdditionality..................................................................................... 30

5 Quant i f i cat i on of GHG Emi ssi on Reduct i ons and Removal s. . . . . . 31

5.1BaselineEmissions............................................................................................................................ 31

BioenergyProduction(Default).......................................................................................................... 34

AerobicDecomposition(Alternative)................................................................................................. 34

AnaerobicDecompositioninaSWDS(Alternative)............................................................................ 35

AnaerobicDecompositioninaWastewaterLagoon(Alternative)..................................................... 36

Combustion(Alternative).................................................................................................................... 41

ElectricityProduction.......................................................................................................................... 41

Oil........................................................................................................................................................ 42

Gas...................................................................................................................................................... 43

Heat..................................................................................................................................................... 44

5.2ProjectEmissions.............................................................................................................................. 45

FeedstockTransportation................................................................................................................... 46

ProcessingandDryingFeedstock........................................................................................................ 46

AuxiliaryFuelCombustion.................................................................................................................. 47


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ElectricityConsumption...................................................................................................................... 47

NonBiogenicPyrolysis........................................................................................................................ 48

FuelforProcessingBioOil.................................................................................................................. 49

FuelforProcessingSyngas.................................................................................................................. 49

FuelforBlendingBiochar.................................................................................................................... 50

BioOilUse........................................................................................................................................... 50

SyngasUse.......................................................................................................................................... 50

BiocharinSitu..................................................................................................................................... 51

5.3Leakage............................................................................................................................................. 52

5.4SummaryofGHGEmissionReductionand/orRemovals................................................................. 53

6 Moni t or i ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

6.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidation................................................................................... 55

6.2DataandParametersMonitored...................................................................................................... 73

6.3DescriptionoftheMonitoringPlan.................................................................................................. 84

7 Ref er ences and Ot her I nf or mat i on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

7.1Sources.............................................................................................................................................. 86

7.2References........................................................................................................................................ 89

APPENDI X 1: St andard t est met hod f or est i mat i ng Bi ochar carbon

stabi l i t y ( BC+100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

APPENDI X 2: J ust i f i cat i on f or t he St andar d t est met hod f or

est i mat i ng Bi ochar car bon st abi l i t y ( BC+100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

APPENDI X 3: Pr i mi ng of SOC mi ner al i zat i on by bl ack car bon. . . . 130

APPENDI X 4: SUSTAI NABLE FEEDSTOCK Cr i t er i a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

GeneralGuidelines(ApplicabletoallFeedstocks)................................................................................ 133

AdditionalGuidelinesforForestandAgriculturalFeedstocks.............................................................. 135

ForestryFeedstocks.......................................................................................................................... 135

AgriculturalFeedstocks..................................................................................................................... 135


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1METHODOLOGYDESCRIPTION

1.1 SummaryDescriptionoftheMethodology

Biochar is produced through the Pyrolysis of biomass. Under this Methodology, potential

Feedstocks include forestry and agriculture residues, Municipal Solid Wastes, and other

biomassbased materials approved for use under the International Biochar Initiatives IBI

Biochar Standards (2013). In the absenceof Pyrolysis, these Feedstockswould otherwisebe

combusted or decompose, releasing carbon dioxide (if combustion or decomposition under

aerobic conditions occurs) or methane (if decomposition occurs under methanogenic

conditions).

Pyrolysisphysicallyandchemicallytransformstherapidlydecomposingcarboninrawbiomass

intoamorerecalcitrantform,whichcanbeappliedtosoilforlongtermsequestration.Alarge

portion of the Fixed Carbon in Biochar, as measured using the testing methods identified

herein, is sequestered for a time period well in excess of 100 years. By transforming the

biomasscarbontoahighlystableformthatresistsdegradation,andensuringthatitremainsin

this form, emissions from the decomposition or combustion of Feedstocks are significantly

reduced.Inadditiontothissequestration,Pyrolysisalsogeneratesbiooilandsyngas,whichif

upgraded,maybeusedasrenewableenergyandthusreducesanthropogenicgreenhousegas

(GHG)emissions.

ThisMethodologyquantifies theseGHGemission reductions and sequestrationbenefits that

resultfromtheimplementationofBiocharprojects.

1.2 RelationshiptoApprovedMethodologies

Approvedandpendingmethodologiesforallsectoralscopeswerereviewedtodetermineifan

existing Methodology could reasonably be revised to meet the objective of this proposed

Methodology. Two methodologies related to Biochar projects from the Clean DevelopmentMechanismwereidentified,andareoutlinedinTable1.


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Table1:SummaryofRelatedMethodologies

Methodology Title PrimaryReduction

Mechanism

Comments

CDMAMS

III.E

Avoidanceofmethane

productionfromdecay

ofbiomassthrough

controlledcombustion,

gasificationor

mechanical/thermal

treatmentVersion

16.0

Avoidanceof

methaneemissions

duetopreventionof

anaerobicdecayof

biomassinwaste.Use

ofbiomassinwaste

asenergysource.

Controlledcombustion

Methodology,allowingfor

allfinalproducts(refuse

derivedfuel/stabilized

biomass)tobecombusted

afterthermochemical

transformation. Goalof

AMSIII.Eistoprevent

Pyrolysisandtoensure

biogeniccombustion

emissions.

CDMAMS

III.L

Avoidanceofmethane

productionfrombiomass

decaythroughcontrolled

Pyrolysis Version2.0

GHGemission

avoidanceand

replacementofmore

GHGintensiveservice

byPyrolysisoforganic

matter.

Landfillavoidanceand

PyrolysisMethodology,

allowingforfinalproducts

tobecombustedafter

Pyrolysis.GoalofAMSIII.L

istoavoidlandfillemissionsthroughPyrolysis

andcombustion. Required

volatile:FixedCarbon

ratiosare


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ThestablecarbonthatissequesteredthroughPyrolysisisnotincludedineitherofthesesmall

scale methodologies, which are instead focused on avoided methane emissions. Given this

distinction,Methodologyadaptationwouldnotbefeasible,assignificantchangesarerequired

to accommodate the emission reductions associated with sequestered carbon, which is theprimaryreductioncapturedbythisMethodology.

1.3 Sources

This Methodology is based on the draft Quantification Protocol Biochar Projects, v.1, issued

under theAlbertaSpecifiedGas EmittersRegulation (CarbonConsulting and LeadingCarbon

2011).

In addition, technical and good practice guidancewas obtained from Environment Canadas

annual GHG reporting, the US EPAs Emission Inventory, the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC), and various other reliable sources of information. The Clean

DevelopmentMechanismsAM0036FuelswitchfromfossilfuelstoBiomassResiduesinheat

generation equipment (United Nations 2012a) provided guidance on biomass energy

accounting. The Methodology also relies heavily on the International Biochar Initiatives

StandardizedProductDefinitionandTestingGuidelinesforBiocharthatisUsedinSoil(theIBI

Biochar Standards). The good practice guidance and best science used to develop the

quantificationMethodologyarepresentedinSection10.

1.4 Definitions

Biochar: Biochar isasolidmaterialobtained through the thermochemical

conversionofbiomassinanoxygenlimitedenvironment.Biochar

differs fromcharcoal in the sense that itsprimaryuse isnot for

fuel,butforbiosequestrationoratmosphericcarboncaptureand

storage.TobecreditedbythisMethodology,Biocharmustcomply

with all requirements of the most recent version of the

International Biochar Initiatives Standardized Product Definition

andProductTestingGuidelinesforBiocharthatisUsedinSoil(akaIBIBiocharStandards).

BiogenicBiomass: Materialthatisproducedororiginatingfromalivingorganism.


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BiomassResidues:

ChainofCustody:

Biomass byproducts, residues and waste streams from

agriculture,forestryandrelatedindustries.(UnitedNations2006).

AnyBiomassResiduemeeting theFeedstockexpectationsof the

IBI Biochar Standards (2013) is eligible for Biochar production

under this methodology, provided it meets the applicable

SustainableFeedstockcriteriainAppendix4.

Documenting/tracking the location and ownership history of

feedstock stepbystep from its harvesting source to the final

productofBiochar.

Developed/Industrialized

Nation:

Therearenoestablishedconventionsfordesignatingdeveloped

ordevelopingnations.ThisMethodologywill follow the listing

of industrialized nations and economies in transition included

within Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework

ConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)(UnitedNations2012g).

DevelopingNation: Following the definition of developed nation provided above, a

Developing Nation will be considered to include all nations not

listedwithin theAnnex Iparties to theUNFCCC (UnitedNations

2012g),whichhavebeenidentifiedasDevelopingNationsorleastdevelopedcountries.

Diluent/Dilutant: Inorganicmaterialthatisdeliberatelymixedorinadvertentlycomingled

with biomass feedstock prior to processing. These materials will not

carbonize in an equivalent fashion to the biomass. These materials

includesoilsandcommonconstituentsofnaturalsoils,suchasclaysand

gravel thatmaybegatheredwithbiomassor intermixed throughprior

use of the feedstock biomass. Diluents/dilutants may be found in a

diverserangeofFeedstocks,suchasagriculturalresidues,manures,and

MunicipalSolidWastes.(InternationalBiocharInitiative2012).

Efficiency: Efficiencyisdefinedasthenetquantityofusefulenergygenerated

bytheenergygenerationsystemperquantityofenergycontained


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inthefuelfired. Incaseofboilersthatareusedonlyforthermal

energygeneration (andnot forpowergeneration), theEfficiency

is defined as the net quantity of useful heat generated per

quantityofenergycontainedinthefuelfiredintheboiler.Incase

ofpowerplantsproducingonlyelectricpower (notcogeneration

plants),theEfficiencyisdefinedasthenetelectricitygeneratedby

the power plant as a whole divided by the quantity of energy

containedinthefuelfired.

Feedstock: The material undergoing thermochemical processes to create

Biochar. Feedstock materials for Biochar consist of Biogenic

Biomass, but may also contain Diluents. (International Biochar

Initiative2013).

FixedCarbon: Fixed Carbon is the component of the Biochar that has been

shown to be stable through the application of the Ultimate

Analysisorotherwise,as required in theMethodology to assess

thestabilityofthesequestrationofthecarbon.

MaterialChange: Material Changes in Feedstock reflect shifts in Feedstock type

from one source of biomass to a distinctly different source ofbiomass.InmixedFeedstocks,whetherprocessedorunprocessed,

a 10% or greater shift in total Feedstock composition shall

constituteaMaterialChangeinFeedstock.

Material Changes in production processes reflect increases or

decreases in process temperature or residence time.AMaterial

Changeinthermochemicalproductionparametershasoccurredif

processtemperature(alsoknownasheattreatmenttemperature)

changes by +/ 50C, or if the thermochemical processing time

(residence time) changesbymore than10%. SeeAppendix4ofthe IBIBiocharStandards(2013)formoreinformationonhowto

determine Feedstock types that constitute aMaterialChange in

type.


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MobileBiochar

Operations:

MobileBiocharOperations areBiochar facilitiesthatarebuiltona

trailerorthatotherwisecanberelocated.Theseoperationsmay

bemovedonadailyorsimilarlyfrequentbasis.

MunicipalWaste/

MunicipalSolidWaste

(MSW):

ProjectProponent:

Solid, nonhazardous refuse that originates from residential,

industrial, commercial, institutional, demolition, land clearing or

construction sources (Canadian Council of Ministers of the

Environment2005).Municipalsolidwasteincludesdurablegoods,

nondurable goods, containers and packaging, food wastes and

yard trimmings, and miscellaneous inorganic wastes (US

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency2011).

An individualorentity thatundertakes,develops,and/orownsa

project. This may include the project investor, designer, and/or

owner of the lands/facilities on which project activities are

conducted. TheProjectProponent and landowner/facilityowner

maybedifferententities.

ProximateAnalysis: Thismethodologicalapproachestablishes the lossofmaterialas

samples are heated to predefined temperatures and typically

reportsvolatilematter,FixedCarbon,moisturecontent,andashpresentinafuelasapercentageofdryfuelweight. International

Standards under ASTM exist for this measure; the relevant

methodisASTMD176284(2007).

Pyrolysis: The thermochemical decomposition of a material or compound

into a carbon rich residue, noncondensable combustible gases,

andcondensablevapors,byheating intheabsenceofoxygen,or

low oxygen environment, without any other reagents, except

possiblysteam(UnitedNations2012c).

SoilAmendment: Anymaterial added to soil to improve itsphysical and chemical

properties, such as water retention, permeability, water

infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure; for the goal of


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providing an improved rooting environment (Davis and Wilson

2005).

SolidWasteDisposalSite

(SWDS)Designated areas intended as the final storage place for solid

waste. Stockpiles are considered a SWDS if (a) their volume to

surfacearearatio is1.5or largerand if(b)avisual inspectionby

the Department Of Environment or responsible governing body

confirmsthatthematerialisexposedtoanaerobicconditions(i.e.

ithasalowporosityandismoist).

UltimateAnalysis:

VerificationStatement:

Verifier:

Aquantitative analysisinwhichpercentagesofallelementsinthe

substancearedetermined. InternationalStandardsunderASTM

(www.astm.org)exist forUltimateAnalysis; the relevantmethod

isASTMD317609(2005).

A verification statement provides assurance that, through

examination of objective evidence by a competent and

independent third party, a GHG assertion is in conformity with

applicablerequirements.

A competent and independent person, persons or firmresponsible for performing the verification process. To conduct

verificationtheverifiermustbeACRapproved.


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2APPLICABILITYCONDITIONS

1. ThisMethodologyisapplicabletoprojectsthatconvertvariousFeedstocksintoBiochar,

where the only Feedstocks that meet the definition of Biomass Residues above are

eligible under this Methodology. The project must not claim carbon credits for any

Feedstock that is purposefully grown in an agricultural or forestry system whose

primary function is to serve as a Feedstock to be converted to Biochar. Only waste

residues (from agricultural and forestry products,Municipal SolidWastes, and other

sourcesofbiomassbasedFeedstockmaterials)areeligibleasFeedstocks.Concernsof

Feedstock sustainability pertaining to theoverharvestingof agricultural residues and

the depletion of soil organic Carbon Stocks are addressed in Appendix 4. Baseline

conditions claiming the combustion, aerobic or anaerobic decomposition, or

combustionforbioenergyproductionofanyFeedstockmustbesubstantiatedusingthe

AdditionalitytestdescribedinSection2.

2. The Feedstock used to create Biochar offset credits must originate from a biomass

source or be biogenic in nature; must meet the Feedstock expectations of the IBI

BiocharStandards(2013);andmustmeettheapplicableSustainableFeedstockcriteria

in Appendix 4. If Biochar has been produced from Feedstocks of mixed origin, the

carboncontentof theFeedstockmustbeevaluated toassess thepercentbiomassor

biogenic carbon content eligible for offset credit. All nonbiogenic material that is

pyrolyzedmustbeaccountedforwithintheprojectemissions.

3. AllBiocharproducedbytheprojectmustcomplywithalltherequirementsofthemost

recentversionofthe InternationalBiocharInitiativesStandardizedProductDefinition

and Product Testing Guidelinesfor Biochar That is Used in Soil (InternationalBiochar

Initiative2013).ProjectProponentsmustannuallypresentappropriatedocumentation

ofsuchcompliance.

4. Theratioofhydrogentoorganiccarbon,asmeasuredaccordingtotheStandardTest

MethodforEstimatingBiocharCarbonStabilitybythe InternationalBiochar Initiative

(2013), is equal to or less than 0.7. The quantity of stable sequestered carbon ofBiochars with a hydrogen to organic carbon ratio of greater than 0.7 cannot be

conservativelyassured.


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5. TheBiocharproducedby theprojectmustbeapplied to landormixedwithanother

soil,compost,oramendmentmedium.Suitableevidenceofapplicationtosoilormixing

withSoilAmendmentsisrequired.

Biochar that is specifically designed and intended as a Soil Amendment presents a

disincentivetocombustionduetochangesin itsphysicalandchemicalcharacteristics,

orpoor returnon investmentasa fuelsource.Assuranceof thestablesequestration

value ofBiochar is therefore provided through attestations related to thematerials

end use. Such end use attestations must be guaranteed by the presentation of

substantiveproof,throughtheapplicationofBiochartosoil,thetypeofproductsold,

the blending of Biochar with other amendment materials, and additional features

describedbelow.

EndUse:

Substantive proof that Biochar is being applied to soil can be presented through

agricultural records that indicate the application of Biochar to soil or its use as a

horticulturalproduct;byindicatingthatBiocharhasbeenmixedorblendedwithother

SoilAmendments,microbial inoculants, fertilizers andothernutrientproducts;orby

presentinginformationontwoofthefollowing:

a. SizeofParticles

A size limitof less than2 inches (5.08 cm)as the longestdimensionhasbeenplaced on Biochar, such that larger pieces that could be perceived as fuel

substitutes are avoided within all packaging and shipments of offseteligible

Biochar.Smallerparticlesfacilitateeasierblendingwithadditionalamendments,

andwithsoil.

b. ComparisonofHeatingValueandPrice

Presenting evidence of a low heating value to price, when compared to fuel

charcoal demonstrates a disincentive to combustion. Since Biochar provides

greaterpervolumeorperweightvalueasanoncombustedgood,combustionisless likely to occur when compared to a charcoal of greater heating value or

lowerpricepoint.Biocharpricedoutsideofitsheatingvalueisnotcosteffective

asa fuel.Providingpriceandheatingvalue (orBTU) information indicates that

thereisaneconomicdisincentivetothecombustionofSoilAmendmentBiochar,


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as it isofhighervaluewhenappliedtosoil. It isperceivedthatthemajorityof

SoilAmendmentBiocharsaresoldatahigherpricepervolumeand/orpriceper

weight than fuel charcoal, pricing Biochar outside of its heating value, and

thereforenotcosteffectiveasafuel.

c. Marketing

IndicatingthatBiochar ispromotedandsoldasaSoilAmendment(throughthe

inclusionofmarketingmaterials,linkstoawebsite,orothersimilarinformation).

6. The technology used for producing Biochar must meet all applicable local, regional,

state, andnationalairquality Standards in thenationofBiocharproduction.Project

Proponents must present relevant documentation to indicate that regulatory

expectationshavebeenmet.

7. ThefacilitycreatingtheBiocharisoperatingunderapplicablefacilitypermits,withthe

Biocharandcoproductshandledandutilized inkeepingwithall local, regional,state

and federal regulations.ProjectProponentsmustpresent relevantdocumentation to

indicatethatregulatoryexpectationshavebeenmet.

8. The Project Proponent must demonstrate uncontested and exclusive claim to the

ownership of the GHG benefits derived from the project activities. The Project

ProponentmusthavedocumentationtoaddressandresolveallpotentialclaimstoGHG

benefits by the Feedstock producer, Biochar producer, retailer and enduser. Anytransferofcarbonrightsmustbeclearlydocumented.


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3PROJECTBOUNDARIES

3.1GreenhouseGasandCarbonPoolBoundaries

Sources,SinksandReservoirs(SSRs)includedintheprojectandbaselinequantificationinclude

thosethatarewithintheprojectsite(thephysical,geographic locationofwherethePyrolysis

of the Feedstocks into Biochar occurred), as well as others that are offsite. A generalized

processflowdiagramofatypicalprojectandbaselinearepresented inFigure1andFigure2,

respectively. The SSRs represented in those figures were compared and their relevance

evaluated to determine if they should be included or excluded from the quantification

Methodology. While Biochar may translocate, we assume that the proportion of carbon

calculated to be stable remains sequestered regardless of its location, given that the stable

carbon test methodology is conservatively based on harsh environments unlikely to be

experiencedbytranslocatedbiochar.

Tables2and3providejustificationfortheinclusionorexclusionofeachofthepotentialSSRsin

theprojectandbaselineconditions.


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Figure1:ProcessFlowDiagramfortheProjectCondition

ProjectBoundary

FeedstockProcessingand

Drying

PyrolysisorThermochemical

Conversion

NetElectricityConsumed

AuxiliaryFuelUse

FeedstockTransportation

FeedstockProduction

ProcessHeatUse

BioOilProcessing

SyngasProcessing

BiocharBlending

BTrans

STrans

BAp

BTrans


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FeedstockProduction

CombustionofFeedstock

AnaerobicDecomposition

ofFeedstock

Aerobic

DecompositionofFeedstock

SoilAmendmentProduction

SoilAmendment

Transportation

Figure2:ProcessFlowDiagramfortheBaselineCondition

FossilGasUse

HeatUseand/or

Production

FossilOilUse

ElectricityProduction


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Table2:GHGSources

Source Gas Included? Justification/Explanation

Baseline

FeedstockProduction

CO2 No Excluded.Thisisa

conservativeassumption.CH4 No

N2O No




N2O No

AerobicDecompositionof

Feedstock

CO2 No

BiogenicCO2emissionsare

excluded.Thisisa

conservativeassumption.

CH4 YesIncludedasprimarysourcesof

emissionsinthebaseline.

N2O Yes

AnaerobicDecomposition

ofFeedstockinaSolid

WasteDisposalSystemor

Lagoon

CO2 No


excluded. Thisisa


CH4 Yes Included.Primarysourceof

emissionsinthebaseline.N2O Yes

CombustionofFeedstock

CO2 No


excluded. Thisisa


CH4 Yes Included.Primarysourceof

emissionsinthebaseline.N2O Yes


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SoilAmendmentProduction



N2O No

SoilAmendment

Transportation



N2O No

SoilAmendment

Application



N2O No

FossilOilUse

CO2 Yes Included.Theemissions

associatedwiththeuseof

fossiloil,fossilgasandheat

energythatwouldhavebeen

requiredtocompensatefor

theheatproducedinthe

projectconditionmustbe

accountedfor.

Thisemissionsourceisnotto

beincludediftheemissions

associatedarecoveredunder

anexistingcapandtradeor

CH4 Yes

N2O Yes

FossilGasUse

CO2 Yes

CH4 Yes

N2O Yes

HeatUseand/orProductionCO2 Yes

CH4 Yes


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1If the project occurs in a region in which there is an emissions trading program or any other mechanism

that includes GHG allowance trading, these emissions cannot be accounted for unless evidence isprovided that the GHG emission reductions associated with generating renewable energy (in the case offossil oil use, fossil gas use or heat production) or renewable electricity (in the case of electricityproduction) have not and will not be otherwise counted or used under the cap-and-trade program or othermechanism.

N2O Yes

otherregulatoryframeworkin

thejurisdictionofBiochar

production.1

IfBiomassResidueswould

havemadeenergyinthe

baseline,theseemission

sourcescannotbeincluded.


CO2 Yes

Included.Theemissions

associatedwiththe

productionofgridelectricitytocompensateforthe

equivalentamountofpower

producedintheproject

condition.

Thisemissionsourceisnotto

beincludediftheproject

occursinaDevelopedNationortheemissionsassociated

couldpotentiallybecovered

underanexistingcapand

traderegulatoryframeworkin

thejurisdictionofBiochar

production.1

CH4 Yes

N2O Yes


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2 If environmental credits, RECs or other forms of credit documentation have been issued, the Project

Proponent shall either not include this emission source or provide evidence that the RECs have not beenused and have been cancelled from the environmental credit.

Thisemissionsourceisalso

notapplicableifthe

environmentalbenefit

associatedwiththerenewable

electricityisalreadyclaimed

andsold(forexampleasa

RenewableEnergyCertificate

(REC)).2

IfBiomassResidueswouldhavegeneratedenergyinthe

baseline,thisemissionsource

cannotbeincluded.


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Table2:GHGSources(continued)

Source Gas Included? Justification/Explanation

Project

FeedstockProduction

CO2 No Excluded.Theproductionof

theFeedstockmaterialwould

beequivalenttothe

productionofresiduesona

unitofproductionbasis. The

exclusionofpurposegrown

cropsensuresthatthe

equivalencyismaintained. As

such,itisconservativeto

excludeconsiderationofthis

source.

CH4 No

N2O No


CO2 Yes

Included.Potentially

importantemissionsource.

CanbeexcludediftheProject

Proponentcandemonstrate

theemissionsareDeMinimis

ortheFeedstocksoriginateat

thesiteofthePyrolysisunit.

CH4 No Excludedforsimplification.

Thisemissionsourceis

assumedtobeverysmall.N2O No

ElectricityConsumed

CO2 Yes

Included.TheCO2emissions

associatedwiththe

consumptionofgridelectricity

arelikelytohaveamaterial

impactonprojects.

CH4 No Excludedforsimplification.

Thisemissionsourceis

assumedtobeverysmall.N2O No


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FeedstockProcessingand

Drying

CO2 Yes Includedasthissource/sinkis

likelytohaveamaterial

impactonprojects.CH4 Yes

N2O Yes

Pyrolysis,or

Thermochemical

Conversion,ofNon

BiogenicFeedstock



impactonprojects.Biogenic

emissionsareexcluded.

CH4 Yes

N2O Yes

AuxiliaryFuelConsumption




N2O Yes

BiocharTransportation

CO2 No Excluded.Transportation

wouldbeequivalenttothe

BaselineScenario

transportationforSoil

Amendments.Further,the

quantityofemissionsfrom

transportingthismaterialis

minimal,giventheeconomic

limitationsoftransporting

Biocharasignificantdistance.

CH4 No

N2O No

BioOilProcessing




N2O Yes

BioOilTransportation

CO2 No Excludedasunderthemajorityofconfigurations,

biooilisconsumedonsiteor

includedwithinthebroader

fueldeliverynetwork.

CH4 No

N2O No


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Shippingdistancesforthis

materialwouldbeminimal

giventheeconomiclimitations

associatedwithtransportingthesematerialssignificant

distances.

BioOilUse

CO2 No

CO2emissionsareexcluded

becausetheyarebiogenic.

CH4 Yes Includedasthissource/sinkis

likelytohaveamaterialimpactonprojects.N2O Yes

SyngasProcessing




N2O Yes

SyngasTransportation

CO2 No Excludedasunderthe

majorityofconfigurations,

syngasisconsumedonsiteor

includedwithinthebroader

fueldeliverynetwork.

Shippingdistancesforthis

materialwouldbeminimal

giventheeconomiclimitations

associatedwithtransporting

thesematerialssignificant

distances.

CH4 No

N2O No

SyngasUseCO2 No

CO2emissionsareexcluded

becausetheyarebiogenic.

CH4 Yes Includedasthissource/sinkis


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Table3:CarbonPools

CarbonPools Included? Justification/Explanation

Baseline

CarbonsequesteredinFeedstocks

fortheprojectNo

CarbonDioxideemissionsfromthecombustionordecomposition

ofFeedstocks,whichareallwaste

residues,areconsideredbiogenic.

Project

Stablecarbonsequesteredin

BiocharYes

Thisistheprimarysourceof

emissionreductionscapturedby

thisMethodology.

Abovegroundbiomasswhere

BiocharisintegratedNo

Itisassumedthattheintegration

ofBiocharintosoilswillincrease

theirproductivityandtherefore

increaseabovegroundbiomass.It

isthereforeconservativeto

N2O Yeslikelytohaveamaterial

impactonprojects.

ProcessHeatUse

CO2 No Thissourceisexcludedastherearenoemissions

associatedwithitsdirectuse.CH4 No

N2O No

BiocharApplication

CO2 No Excluded.Emissions

associatedwiththeactivityof

applyingBiochartosoilwillbe

equivalenttotheBaseline

ScenarioofapplyingSoil

Amendments.

CH4 No

N2O No


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excludethispool.

SoilorganiccarbonwheretheBiocharisintegrated

No

AdditionsofBiochartosoilhave

beenobservedtobothenhance

thestabilizationofexisting,native

carboninthatsoil(referredtoas

negativepriming)andtocauseit

todecomposemorerapidly

(calledpositivepriming).Woolf

andLehmann(2012),inareview

oftheliteratureonpriming,found

negativeprimingtobeordersof

magnitudelargerthanpositive

priming.Whilepositivepriming

mayoccasionallyoccur,itismore

rareandlimitedtospecificsoil

andenvironmentalconditionsnot

commonlyfoundwhereBiocharis

applied.Acorrectionfactorhas

beenappliedtothenegative

emissionsattributedtoBiochar

sequestrationtoaddresstherisk

ofpositivepriming.

3.2TemporalBoundaries

TheCreditingPeriodforthisprojecttypeissevenyears.

Theminimumprojecttermissevenyears:Thisistheminimumlengthoftimeforwhicha

ProjectProponentcommitstoprojectcontinuance,monitoringandverification.


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4PROCEDUREFORDETERMININGTHEBASELINESCENARIO

ANDADDITIONALITY

4.1ProcedureforDeterminingtheBaselineScenario

DefaultBaselineScenario:

ItisassumedthattheBaselineScenarioforprojectsapplyingthisMethodologyconsistsofthe

combustion of all Feedstocks with energy capture (heat and/or electricity) in a bioenergy

productionfacility.BioenergyproductionhasbeenidentifiedasthemostconservativeBaseline

Scenario for consideration under this Methodology as it represents the most conservative

comparable alternativewhen considering the potentialGHG reductions from the use of the

Feedstock.Further,thisconsidersthepotentialfortheseusestogenerateotherenvironmentalcredits. Citing bioenergy as the default Baseline Scenario results in the exclusion of all

electricity,heat,biooil,andbiogasproduction,aswellasanegationofallbenefitsofmethane

generation avoidance. Other Baseline Scenarios may exist, however, adequate proof of

alternative baseline Feedstock usage must be provided in order tojustify using any non

bioenergyBaselineScenariocalculations.

Project Proponents must identify the bioenergy baseline for each individual Feedstock

processedbytheirprojectforeitherofthefollowingFeedstockenduses:

Thebiomassresidueisburnedinacontrolledmannertogenerateheatorelectricity

thatiscapturedandused;

Thebiomassresidueissoldtootherconsumersinthemarketandthepredominantuse

oftheBiomassResiduesintheregion/countryisforenergypurposes(heatand/or

powergeneration).

TheProjectProponentshallestablishabaselineconditionforeachFeedstockprocessedbythe

project.TheProjectProponenthastheoptiontoassumethatallFeedstockswouldhavebeen

managed for bioenergy production, because this is the most conservative option. The table

belowoutlineshowthedefaultbaselineconditionwillbeclassifiedthroughouttheremainder

ofthisMethodology.


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Table4:Defaultbaselineconditionparameter

Defaultbaselinecondition BaselineconditioniParameter

(FSi)Thebiomass residue isburnt inacontrolledmanner

to generate heat or electricity that is captured and

used.

OR

Thebiomassresidueissoldtootherconsumersinthe

market and the predominant use of the Biomass

Residuesintheregion/countryisforenergypurposes

(heatand/orpowergeneration).

Bioenergy

production

FSB

AlternativeBaselineScenarios:

AlternativeBaseline Scenarios for projects applying thisMethodology must be either 1) the

decomposition of the Feedstock, under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, or 2) the

combustionoftheFeedstock,withoutenergycapture.Inallthesescenarios,carbonreturnsto

the atmosphere as part of the biogenic carbon cycle. The combustion or decomposition

processes may be controlled or uncontrolled. Appropriate evidence must be provided by

ProjectProponents inorder toqualify foranyalternativenonbioenergyproductionBaselineScenario.

Intheagriculturesector,thiscouldincludethelagoontreatmentorcompostingofagricultural

residues and their reapplication to the land. In the forestry sector, this could include the

decompositionofforestryresiduesontheforestfloor,lagoontreatmentofmillresidues,orthe

combustionofthematerialwherethereisnoenergyrecovery.Forotherwastestreamssuchas

food waste or other Feedstocks collected from industrial, commercial, institutional and

residentialsources,thesematerialsmayeitherbedisposedof in landfills(withorwithoutgas

capture),anaerobiclagoons,compostedorincinerated.

IfanalternativeBaselineScenarioisused,ProjectProponentsmustdemonstratethatthisisthe

mostreasonableandcrediblebaselineforeachindividualFeedstockprocessedbytheirproject

using the most recent version of the methodological tool Combined tool to identify the


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BaselineScenarioanddetermineAdditionalityaccessiblethroughtheUNFCCwebsite(United

Nations2012d).

Foreach sourceofbiomass residue, theProjectProponent shalluseStep 1: Identification of

alternativescenariostotheproposedprojectactivitythatareconsistentwithcurrentlawsand

regulations,toidentifyalternativeusesforthebiomassresidue.Thealternativestobeanalyzed

foruseofBiomassResiduesinclude,interalia:

Thebiomassresidueisdumpedorlefttodecayundermainlyaerobicconditions.This

applies,forexample,todumpinganddecayofBiomassResiduesonfieldsorthe

controlledcompostingoftheresidue;

Thebiomassresidueisdumpedorlefttodecayunderclearlyanaerobicconditionsata

SolidWasteDisposalSite(s)(SWDS); Thebiomassresidueismanagedunderclearlyanaerobicconditionsinawastewater

lagoon.

Thebiomassresidueisburntinanuncontrolledmannerwithoututilizingitforenergy

purposes;

Theproposedprojectactivityisundertakenwiththebiomassresiduebutwithoutbeing

registeredasaCarbonOffsetproject(theBiomassResiduesarepyrolyzedbutno

CarbonOffsetpaymentsaremade);

Anyotheruseofthebiomassresidue(i.e.anaerobicdigestion).

Step 2: Barrier analysis to eliminate alternatives to theproject activity thatfaceprohibitive

barriers:

Establish a complete list of barriers that would prevent alternative scenarios for the use of

BiomassResidues tooccur in theabsenceof theCarbonOffsetproject. Indoing so, relevant

local regulations governing the use of different technologies and technical specifications of

Biocharproductsshouldbetakenintoaccount.

Step3:InvestmentAnalysis:

ThisStepservestodeterminewhichofthealternativescenariosintheshortlistremainingafterStep 2 is the most economically or financially attractive. For this purpose, an investment

comparison analysis is conducted for the remaining alternative scenarios after Step2. If the

investment analysis is conclusive, the economically or financially most attractive alternative

scenarioisconsideredastheBaselineScenario.


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Step4:CommonPracticeAnalysis

ThepreviousStepsshallbecomplementedwithananalysisoftheextenttowhichtheproposed

project type (i.e. technology or practice) has already diffused in the relevant sector and

geographical area. This test is a credibility check to demonstrate Additionality which

complementsthebarrieranalysis(Step2)and,whereapplicable,theinvestmentanalysis(Step

3).

Based on these steps, the Project Proponent shall establish a baseline condition for each

Feedstockprocessedbytheproject.Thetablebelowoutlineshowthemostplausiblebaseline

conditionwillbeclassifiedthroughouttheremainderofthisMethodology.

Table5:Alternativebaselineconditionparameters

Mostplausiblealternativebaselinecondition BaselineconditioniParameter

(FSi)

Thebiomassresidueisdumpedorlefttodecayunder

mainlyaerobicconditions.Thisapplies, forexample,

todumpinganddecayofBiomassResiduesonfields.

Aerobic

decomposition

FSA

Thebiomassresidueisdumpedorlefttodecayunder

clearlyanaerobicconditionsataSolidWasteDisposal

Sites(SWDS).

Anaerobic

decompositionin

SWDS

FSAn

The biomass residue is managed under clearly

anaerobicconditionsinawastewaterlagoon.

Anaerobic

decompositionin

lagoon

FSL

The biomass residue is burnt in an uncontrolled

mannerwithoututilizingitforenergypurposes;

Combustion FSC

If the most plausible baseline condition for biomass residue typej is not listed in the tableabove,theProjectProponentshalljustifyaconservativeassumptionforthebaselineconditioni

oftheFeedstock.


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5QUANTIFICATIONOFGHGEMISSIONREDUCTIONSAND

REMOVALS

Note:valuesaregivenforeachparameterintheparametertablesin6.1and6.2.

5.1BaselineEmissions

BaselinequantificationinthisMethodologyisprojectionbased,usingprojectionsofreductions

orremovalsintheprojecttoestimatethebaselineemissionsthatwouldhaveoccurredinthe

absence of the project. Emissions under the baseline condition are determined using the

followingequations:

DefaultBaseline(Feedstockwouldhavebeenusedonlyforbioenergyproduction)

, (1)

Where:

BEy=thesumofthebaselineemissionsinyeary

BEB,y=emissionsduetothecombustionofFeedstockforbioenergyBproductioninyear

y

OR,withappropriateevidence:

AlternativeBaseline:

, , , , , , , , (2)

Where:BEy=thesumofthebaselineemissionsinyeary

BEA,y=emissionsduetotheaerobicdecompositionAofFeedstockinyeary

BEAn,y=emissionsduetotheanaerobicdecompositionAnofFeedstockinanSWDSin

yeary


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BEL,y=emissionsduetotheanaerobicdecompositionofFeedstockinalagoonLinyear

y

BEC,y=emissionsduetothecombustionCofFeedstockwithoutbioenergyproductionin

yeary

BEE,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseofelectricityEinyeary

BEO,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseoffossiloilOinyeary

BEG,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseoffossilgasGinyeary

BEH,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseofheatHinyeary

Step1:Identifythebaselinecondition

ProjectProponentsshallusethestepsoutlinedinSection4.1ofthisdocumenttodetermine

theBaselineconditioniforeachFeedstock.

Table6:BaselineConditions

Baselineconditioni Parameter(FSi)

Bioenergyproduction(default) FSB

Aerobicdecomposition FSA

AnaerobicdecompositioninaSWDS FSAn

Anaerobicdecompositioninalagoon FSL

Combustionwithoutbioenergyproduction FSC

Every stream of Feedstock that is processed into Biochar is assumed to be diverted from

bioenergyproductionunderthedefaultcalculations(Equation1),unlessotherwisejustifiedby

the procedure for determining the Baseline Scenario. Alternative Feedstock diversions may

include those foraerobicdecomposition,anaerobicdecomposition inaSolidWasteDisposal

Site(SWDS)orinalagoon,orcombustionwithoutenergycapture,andareaddressedusingthe

alternativecalculations(Equation2).

Step2:IdentifytheFeedstockcomposition

ThecompositionofFeedstock fromBiomassResiduesmayvaryandshouldbeclassified into

thefollowingcategories:


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Table7:FeedstockCategories

Feedstocktypej Parameter(pj)

Woodandwoodproducts PW

Pulp,paperandcardboard(otherthansludge) PP

Food,foodwaste,beveragesandtobacco(otherthan

sludge)

PF

Textiles PT

Garden,yardandparkwaste PG

Glass,plastic,metal,otherinertwaste(nonbiogenic) PNB

TheamountofFeedstocktypejpreventedfrombaselinedisposaliiscalculatedusingsampling

asfollows:

,, , ,, (3)

Where:

FSi,j,y=theamountofFeedstocktypejpreventedfrombaselinedisposaliinyeary(t)

FSi,y=totalamountofFeedstock preventedfrombaselinedisposaliinyeary(t)

Pn,j,y

=weightfractionoftheFeedstocktypej inthesamplencollectedduringyeary(t)

Z=numberofsamplescollectedduringyeary

Equation(3)determinesthefractionofeachindividualFeedstocktypeusedforonediscreet

Biocharproductionevent(sameFeedstockblendratiosandsameproductionparameters).The

massofeachFeedstocktype(e.g.straw)iscalculatedbyidentifyingthefractionitrepresentsin

thetotalmassofincomingFeedstock.Thus,ifaFeedstockisa60:35:5blendofstraw,wood

chips,andnonbiogenicmaterial(asidentifiedbyfollowingFeedstockdeterminationand

samplingproceduresoutlinedintheIBIBiocharStandards(2013)),andthetotalvolumeof

incomingFeedstockdivertedfromlandfilldisposalis240tonnesforyear1,thecalculationis:

240t*0.6forstraw,240t*0.35forwoodchips,and240t*0.05fornonbiogenicmaterials,

resultingin144,84,and12tonnesforstraw,woodchipsandnonbiogenicFeedstocks,

respectively.ThissameproceduremaybeusedtoidentifythetotalvolumeofeachFeedstock


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fraction,foreachdisposaltype,includingnonbiogenicmaterials.TheseFSi,j,yvalueswillbe

usedinsubsequentcalculationstodeterminethetotalemissionreduction.

Bioenergy

Production

(Default)

The emissions due to the combustion of Feedstock for producing bioenergy (heat and/or

electricity)arecalculatedasfollows:

, , ,

; , ,

(4)

Where:

BEB,y = Baseline emissions due to the combustion of Feedstock for bioenergy B

productioninyeary

FSB,j,y=theamountofFeedstocktypejpreventedfrombaselineconditionbioenergy

productionBinyeary(t)

EFCH4,i=theCH4emissionfactorfortheFeedstocktypejpreventedfromthebaseline

conditioni(kgCH4/kg)

EFN2O,i=theN2OemissionfactorfortheFeedstocktypejpreventedfromthebaseline

conditioni(kgN2O/kg)

AerobicDecomposition(Alternative)

TheemissionsduetotheaerobicdecompositionofFeedstockarecalculatedasfollows:

, ,, , ; ,, , (5)Where:

BEA,y=BaselineemissionsduetotheaerobicdecompositionAofFeedstockinyeary

FSA,j,y=thefractionofFeedstocktypejdivertedfromaerobicdecompositionAinyeary

(t)

EFACH4,y=theemissionfactorformethaneCH4pertonneofwastedivertedfromaerobic

decompositionAvalidinyeary(tCH4/t)

GWPCH4=GlobalWarmingPotentialofCH4(tCO2e/tCH4);21


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EFAN2O,y= theemission factor fornitrousoxideN20per tonneofwastediverted from

aerobicdecompositionA,validinyeary(tN2O/t)

GWPN2O=GlobalWarmingPotentialofN2O(tCO2e/tN2O);3103

AnaerobicDecompositioninaSWDS(Alternative)

TheemissionsduetotheanaerobicdecompositionofFeedstockinanSWDSarecalculatedas

follows:

, 1 1 1612 ,

,, 1

(6)

Where:

BEAn,y=BaselineemissionsduetotheanaerobicdecompositionAnofFeedstockinan

SWDSinyeary

=Modelcorrectionfactortoaccountformodeluncertaintiesforyearyfy=therecoveredmethaneatthelandfillinyeary(%)

GWPCH4=theGlobalWarmingPotentialofmethaneCH4(tCO2e/tCH4);21

OX=theoxidationfactor(reflectingtheamountofmethanefromSWDSthatisoxidized

inthesoilorothermaterialcoveringthewaste)

16/12=RatioofmolecularweightsofMethane(16)toCarbon(12)

F=thefractionofmethaneintheSWDSgas(%)

DOCf,y=thefractionfofdegradableorganiccarbonthatdecomposesunderthespecific

conditionsoccurringintheSWDSforyeary

MCFy=Methaneconversionfactorforyeary

FSan,j,y= theamountofFeedstock typejprevented frombaselineconditionanaerobic

decompositionANinanSWDSinyeary(t)

DOCj=thedegradableorganiccarbonintheFeedstocktypejkj=thedecayratefortheFeedstocktypej(l/yr)

3SAR100GWPvaluesforCH4andN2O,fromtheIPCCFourthAssessmentReport(AR4),WorkingGroup1,Chapter

2,Table2.14(page212)athttp://ipccwg1.ucar.edu/wg1/Report/AR4WG1_Print_Ch02.pdf.


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AnaerobicDecompositioninaWastewaterLagoon(Alternative)

TheemissionsduetotheanaerobicdecompositionofFeedstockinawastewaterlagoonare

calculatedasfollows:

, , (7)Where:

BELy =Baselinemethane emissions from the anaerobic treatment ofwastewater in

openanaerobic lagoons L,orof sludge in sludgepits in theabsenceof theproject

activityinyeary(tCO2e)

BELCH4,MCFy=Baseline lagoonLmethaneCH4emissions(tCO2e)determinedusingthe

MethaneConversionFactor(MCFy)BELN2O,y=AnnualbaselineoflagoonLN2Oemissionsin(tCO2e/yr)

The methane emissions due to the anaerobic decomposition of Feedstock in a wastewater

lagoonarecalculatedasfollows:

, (8)Where:

BELCH4,MCFy=BaselinelagoonLmethaneCH4emissions(tCO2e)determinedusingthe

MethaneConversionFactor(MCFy)GWPCH4=theGlobalWarmingPotentialofmethaneCH4(tCO2e/tCH4);21

MCFBLy=AveragebaselineB lagoon Lmethane conversion factor (fraction) inyear y,

representingthefractionof(CODBLyxBo)thatwouldbedegradedtoCH4intheabsence

oftheprojectactivity

Bo=Maximummethaneproductioncapacity,expressing themaximumamountofCH4

thatcanbeproducedfromagivenquantityofchemicaloxygenOdemand(tCH4/tCOD)

CODBLy = Baseline B quantity of chemical oxygen demand that would be treated in

anaerobiclagoonsLorsludgepitsintheabsenceoftheprojectactivityinyeary(tCOD)

0.89(9)

Where:


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MCFBLy=AveragebaselineBlagoonLmethaneconversionfactor(fraction)inyeary,

representingthefractionof(CODBLyxBo)thatwouldbedegradedtoCH4intheabsence

oftheprojectactivity.

fd=Factorexpressingtheinfluenceofthedepthdoftheanaerobiclagoonorsludgepit

onmethanegeneration

fTy=FactorexpressingtheinfluenceofthetemperatureTonthemethanegenerationin

yeary

0.89=Conservativenessfactor

ThemonthlyvalueoffTyiscalculatedasfollows,usingthevantHoffArrhenius

approach:

fTy=0.104;ifT2,m302.5K

(10)

Where:


yeary.

e=Activationenergyconstant(15,175cal/mol)

T2,m=AveragetemperatureTattheprojectsiteinmonthm(K)

Tl=303.15K(273.15K+30K)R=IdealGasConstant(1.986cal/Kmol)

m=Monthsofyearyofthecreditingperiod.

TheannualvalueoffTyiscalculatedasfollows:

, ,

(11)

Where:


yeary.

fTm=FactorexpressingtheinfluenceofthetemperatureTonthemethanegenerationin

monthm.


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CODavailable,m=Quantityofchemicaloxygendemandavailablefordegradationinthe

anaerobiclagoonorsludgepitinmonthm(tCOD)

CODBL,m=BaselineBquantityofchemicaloxygendemandthatwouldbetreatedin

anaerobiclagoonLorsludgepitsintheabsenceoftheprojectactivityinmonthm

(tCOD)

m=monthsoftheyearyofthecreditingperiod.

Foreachmonthm, thequantityofwastewaterdirected to theanaerobic lagoon, the

quantityoforganic compounds thatdecay and thequantityof anyeffluent from the

lagoon isbalanced,giving thequantityofCOD that isavailable fordegradation in the

next month. The amount of organic matter available for degradation to methane

(CODavailable,m) isassumed tobeequal to theamountoforganicmatterdirectedto the

anaerobiclagoonorsludgepit,lessanyeffluent,plustheCODthatmayhaveremained

inthelagoonorsludgepitfromthepreviousmonthsasfollows:

, , 1 , ,with

1 ,, and

, ,, ,

(12)

Where:

CODavailable,m=Quantityofchemicaloxygendemandavailablefordegradationinthe

anaerobiclagoonorsludgepitinmonthm(tCOD)

m=monthsoftheyearyofthecreditingperiod

CODBL,m=BaselineBquantityofchemicaloxygendemandthatwouldbetreatedin

anaerobiclagoonsorsludgepitsintheabsenceoftheprojectactivityinmonthm(tCOD)

fT,m1=FactorexpressingtheinfluenceofthetemperatureTonthemethanegeneration

inmonthm1

CODout,x=CODoftheeffluentoutinperiodx(tCOD)


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CODAD,m=Chemicaloxygendemandinthewastewaterorsludgethatistreatedinthe

PyrolysisunitorunderclearlyaerobicconditionsADintheprojectactivityinmonthm

(tCOD/m3)

m=monthsofyearyofthecreditingperiod

Thenitrousoxideemissionsduetothenitrification/denitirificationofmanureFeedstocks ina

wastewaterlagoonarecalculatedasfollows:

, , 11000 ,, ,, (15)Where:

BELN2O,y=Baselineemissionsof lagoonLN2Odue tothenitrification/denitirificationof

manureFeedstocks(tCO2e)

GWPN2O=GlobalWarmingPotential(GWP)forN2O(tCO2e/tN2O);310

CFN2ON,N=ConversionfactorN2ONtoN2O(44/28)

ELN2O,D,y=DirectDN2Oemissioninyeary(tN2ON/year)

ELN2O,ID,y=IndirectIDN2Oemissioninyeary(tN2ON/year)

,, ,, , ,

(16)

,, , ,,,

, ,

(17)

Where:

ELN2O,D,y=DirectDlagoonLN2Oemissioninyeary(tN2ON/year)

ELN2O,ID,y=IndirectIDlagoonLN2Oemissioninyeary(tN2ON/year)

EFLN2O, D,j=Direct D lagoon L N2Oemission factor for the treatment systemjof the

manuremanagementsystem(tN2ON/tN)

QEM, m = Monthly volume of the effluent mix EM entering the manure management

system(m3/month)monthm

[N]EM, m = Monthly total nitrogen concentration in the effluent mix EM entering the

manuremanagementsystem(tN/m3)monthm


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EFLN2O,ID=IndirectIDlagoonLN2OemissionfactorforN2Oemissionsfromatmospheric

depositionofnitrogenonsoilsandwatersurfaces(tN2ON/tNH3NandNOxN)

FgasMS,j, LT=Defaultvalues fornitrogen lossdue tovolatilizationofNH3andNOx from

manuremanagement(fraction)

Combustion(Alternative)

The emissions due to the combustion of Feedstock without bioenergy production are

calculatedasfollows:

, ,, ,

; ,, ,

(18)

Where:

BEC,y=baselineemissionsdue to thecombustionCofFeedstockwithoutbioenergy

production(tCO2e)inyeary

FSC,j,y=theamountofFeedstocktypejpreventedfrombaselineconditioncombustion

Cinyeary(t)

EFCH4,i = the CH4 emission factor for combustion of the Feedstock typej baseline

condition(pathwaysi)(kgCH4/kg)


EFN2O,i=theN2OemissionfactorforcombustionoftheFeedstocktypej(kgN2O/kg)



The emissions due to the production of electricity that would have been required to

compensatefortherenewableelectricityproducedintheprojectconditionarecalculatedas

follows:

, , (19)Where:


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BEE,y=baselineemissionsduetotheproductionofelectricityEthatwouldhavebeen

required to compensate for the renewable electricity produced in the project

condition(tCO2e)

ER,y= thenetquantityof renewableelectricityRgenerated in theprojectcondition

andusedoffsiteinyeary(kWh)

EFGrid=theregionalelectricitygridemissionfactor(kgCO2e/kWh)

ThesebaselineemissionsBEE,y,however,cannotbeaccountedforinthefollowingscenarios:

1. TheDEFAULTbaselinebioenergyproductionhasbeenindicatedfortheproject.If

anyportionoftheFeedstockusedbytheprojectwouldhavebeenusedfor

bioenergyproductioninthebaseline,theProjectProponentcannotaccountforBEE,y

2. Ifelectricityemissionsarecoveredbyanexistingregulatoryframework(likeacapandtradeprogram,arequirementtoreportGHGemissions,oranyothertracking

andregulationofGHGGHGGHGemissions)inthejurisdictionoftheBiochar

production,theProjectProponentcannotaccountforBEE,y.

3. IftheprojectoccursinanAnnex1county,theProjectProponentcannotaccountfor

BEE,ybecausetheemissionreductionsareindirect.

4. Iftheprojectisgenerating,claimingandsellingRenewableEnergyCertificates(RECs)

orotherenvironmentalcredits,theProjectProponentcannotaccountforBEE,y.If

RECshavebeenissued,theProjectProponentshalleithernotincludethisemission

sourceorprovideevidencethattheRECshavenotbeenusedandhavebeencancelledfromtheenvironmentalcreditprogram.

Oil

Theemissionsduetotheuseoffossiloilthatwouldhavebeenrequiredtocompensatefor

thebiooilproducedintheprojectconditionarecalculatedasfollows:

, , ;, ; , %

(20)

Where:


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BEO,y=baselineemissionsduetotheuseoffossiloilOthatwouldhavebeenrequired

tocompensateforthebiooilproducedintheprojectcondition(tCO2e)

Fueli,y=thevolumeofeachtypeofliquidfuelitogenerateanequivalentamountof

biooilonanenergybasisinyeary(L,m3orother)

Oy=thevolumeofbiooilproducedintheprojectconditioninyeary(L,m3orother)

%i=thepercentageofeachtypeoffueloffset(%)

EFCO2.=theCO2emissionfactorforeachtypeoffuel(kgCO2/L,m3orother)

EFCH4.=theCH4emissionfactorforeachtypeoffuel(kgCH4/L,m3orother)


EFN2O.=theN2Oemissionfactorforeachtypeoffuel(kgN2O/L,m3orother)


Thesebaselineemissions, however,cannotbeaccountedforinthefollowingscenarios:1. TheDEFAULTbaselinebioenergyproductionhasbeenindicatedfortheproject.If


bioenergyproductioninthebaseline,theProjectProponentcannotaccountfor

BEO,y.

2. Iffossiloiliscoveredbyanexistingregulatoryframework(likeacapandtrade

program,arequirementtoreportGHGemissions,oranyothertrackingand

regulationofGreenhouseGasemissions)inthejurisdictionoftheBiochar

production,theProjectProponentcannotaccountforBEO,y.

Gas

Theemissionsduetotheuseoffossilgasthatwouldhavebeenrequiredtocompensatefor

thesyngasproducedintheprojectconditionarecalculatedasfollows:

, , ;,

; ,

% (21)

Where:


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BEG,y=baselineemissionsduetotheuseoffossilgasGthatwouldhavebeenrequired

tocompensateforthesyngasproducedintheprojectcondition(tCO2e)

Fueli,y=thevolumeofeachtypeofgaseousfuelitogenerateanequivalentamountof

syngasonanenergybasisinyeary(L,m3orother)

Gy=thevolumeofsyngasproducedintheprojectconditioninyeary(L,m3orother)

%i=thepercentageofeachtypeoffuelioffset(%)









BEG,y.

2. Iffossilgasiscoveredbyanexistingregulatoryframework(likeacapandtrade

program,arequirementtoreportGHGemissions,oranyothertrackingand

regulationofGHGemissions)inthejurisdictionoftheBiocharproduction,the

ProjectProponentcannotaccountforBEG,y.

Heat

Theemissionsduetotheproductionofheatthatwouldhavebeenrequiredtocompensate

fortheheatproducedintheprojectconditionarecalculatedasfollows:

, , ;,

; ,

%/ %(22)

Where:


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BEH,y = baseline emissions due to the production of heat H that would have been

requiredtocompensatefortheheatproducedintheprojectcondition(tCO2e)

Fueli,y=thevolumeoffuel(fueltypei)togenerateequivalentheatonanenergybasisin

yeary(L,m3orother)

Hy=theheatloadproducedundertheprojectconditioninyeary(GJ)

%i=thepercentageofeachtypeoffueloffset(%)

NCVFueli=thenetcalorificvalueofeachtypeoffuelioffsetbytheproject(GJ/L,m3or

other)

%eff = the percentage of Efficiency eff of the thermal energy heating system (%)









BEH,y.

2. Iffueliiscoveredbyanexistingregulatoryframework(likeacapandtradeprogram,

arequirementtoreportGHGemissions,oranyothertrackingandregulationofGHG

emissions)inthejurisdictionoftheBiocharproduction,theProjectProponent

cannotaccountforBEH,y.

5.2ProjectEmissions

Emissions under the project condition (in tonnes CO2e) are determined using the following

equation:

, , , , , , , , , , , (23)

Where:


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PEy=thesumoftheprojectemissionsinyeary(tCO2e)

PETR,y=emissionsduetothetransportationTofFeedstocksinyeary(tCO2).

PEP,y=emissionsassociatedwiththeprocessingPanddryingofFeedstockinyeary(t

CO2e)

PEPy,y=emissionsduetothecombustionofauxiliaryfuelforthepurposeofPyrolysisPy,

orthermalconversionofFeedstockinyeary(tCO2e)

PEE,y =auxiliaryemissionsfromthenetconsumptionofelectricityEundertheproject

conditioninyeary(tCO2e)

PEPNB,y=emissionsduetothePyrolysisPofnonbiogenicNBFeedstockmaterialsinyear

y(tCO2e)

PEB,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheblendingofBiocharBinyeary(tCO2e)

PEOP,y.=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheprocessingofbiooilOPinyeary(tCO2e)

PEGP,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheprocessingofsyngasGPinyeary(tCO2e)

PEOU,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseofbiooilOUinyeary(tCO2e)

PEGU,y=auxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseofsyngasGUintheyeary(tCO2e)

CBS,y=carbonsequestrationSassociatedwiththeappropriateenduseand/orinsitu

applicationofBiocharBinyeary(tCO2e)


In cases where the BiomassResidues are not generated directly at the project site, ProjectProponents shall determine CO2 emissions resulting from transportation of the Biomass

ResiduestotheprojectplantusingthelatestversionofthetoolProjectandLeakageemissions

fromroadtransportationoffreightfromtheCleanDevelopmentMechanism.PETR,minthetool

corresponds to theparameterPETR,y in thisMethodologyand themonitoringperiodm isone

year.

ProcessingandDryingFeedstock

TheemissionsassociatedwiththeprocessinganddryingofFeedstockarecalculatedasfollows:

, ,, ;,, ; ,,

(24)


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Where:

PEP,y=projectemissionsassociatedwith theprocessingPanddryingofFeedstock in

yeary(tCO2e)

FuelP,i,y = the volume of each type of fuel used for drying in year y (L, m3 or other)






AuxiliaryFuelCombustion

TheemissionsduetothecombustionofauxiliaryfuelforthepurposeofPyrolysisorthermal

conversionofFeedstockarecalculatedasfollows:

. ,, ;,, ; ,,

(25)

Where:

PEPY,y=projectemissionsduetothecombustionofauxiliaryfuelforthepurposeof

PyrolysisPYorthermalconversioninyearyofFeedstock(tCO2e)

FuelPY,i,y=thevolumeofeachtypeofPyrolysisPYorthermalconversionfuel(fueltypei)

usedinyeary(L,m3orother)






ElectricityConsumption

Theemissionsduetotheconsumptionofelectricity intheprojectconditionarecalculatedas

follows:


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, , (26)Where:

PEE,y=projectemissionsduetotheconsumptionofelectricityEintheprojectcondition(tCO2e)EG,y=thequantityofgridGelectricityconsumedintheprojectconditioninyeary(kWh)

EFGrid=theregionalelectricitygridemissionfactor(kgCO2e/kWh)

If the project occurs in a country or region in which there is an operational capandtrade

system,requirementtoreportGreenhouseGasemissions,oranyothertrackingandregulation

ofGHGemissionsthatcoversthiselectricity,theseemissionsstillneedtobeaccountedfor.If,

inthebaseline,auxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseofelectricity(BEE,y)arenotaccountedforand

totalelectricitybeinggeneratedbytheprojectactivitiesinyearyisgreaterthanorequaltothe

projectselectricity consumption in year y, then thequantityofelectricity consumedby the

projectdoesnotneedtobeaccountedforand,.shallbe0.NonBiogenicPyrolysis

The emissions due to the Pyrolysis of nonbiogenic Feedstock materials are calculated as

follows:

, , , ; , ; , (27)

Where:

PEPNB,y=projectemissionsduetothePyrolysisofnonbiogenicPNBFeedstockmaterials

inyeary(tCO2e)

FSPNBi,y=theamountofnonbiogenicFeedstock(feedstocktypei)PyrolyzedPNBinyear

y(t)

EFCO2,=theCO2emissionfactorforthenonbiogenicFeedstock(kgCO2/kg)

EFCH4,NB=theCH4emissionfactorforthenonbiogenicNBFeedstock (kgCH4/kg)


EFN2O,NB=theN2OemissionfactorforthenonbiogenicNBFeedstock (kgN2O/kg)



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FuelforBlendingBiochar

TheauxiliaryemissionsduetotheblendingofBiochararecalculatedasfollows:

, , ; , ; ,

(30)

Where:

PEBl,y=projectemissionsduetotheblendingofBiocharBI(tCO2e)

FuelBLi,y = the volume of each type of fuel i used in year y (L, m3 or other)






BioOilUse

Theauxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseofbiooilarecalculatedasfollows:

, , ; ,

(31)

Where:

PEOU,y=projectemissionsduetotheuseofbiooilOUinyeary(tCO2e)

FuelOUi,y = the volume of each type of fuel i used in year y (L, m3 or other)

EFCH4.=theCH4emissionfactorforbiooilused(kgCH4/L,m3orother)

GWPCH4=GlobalWarmingPotentialofCH4(tCO2e/tCH4);21EFN2O.=theN2Oemissionfactorforbiooilused(kgN2O/L,m

3orother)


SyngasUse


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Theauxiliaryemissionsduetotheuseofsyngasarecalculatedasfollows:

, , ; , (32)

Where:

PEGU,y=projectemissionsduetotheuseofsyngasGUinyeary(tCO2e)

FuelGUi,y = the volume of each type of fuel i used in year y (L, m3 or other)

EFCH4.=theCH4emissionfactorforsyngasused(kgCH4/L,m3orother)


EFN2O.=theN2Oemissionfactorforsyngasused(kgN2O/L,m3orother)


BiocharinSitu

Thesequestrationassociatedwiththeappropriateenduseand/orapplicationofBiocharinsitu

iscalculated followingproceduresandmeasurementsoutlined in theStandardTestMethod

forEstimatingBiocharCarbonStabilitybythe InternationalBiochar Initiative(2013),which is

Appendix 1 in this Methodology. The stability of carbon in Biochar is calculated first by

determining the ratio of hydrogen to organic carbon within the Biochar, and then through

comparing that ratio toa seriesof100+ year stability values thatweredetermined through

extensiveconsultationwithsoilscientists,BiocharscientistsandBiocharproducersaspartof

thedevelopmentoftheBiocharcarbonstabilitydocumentation.Theorganiccarbonratioand

the100+yearstabilityvaluearetheninsertedintothefollowingformulatocalculatethemass

of sequestered carbon in Biochar. (Appendix 1 is the test method and Appendix 2 is the

justificationforthismethod.)

,, , ,, 100 ,/1004412 0.95

(33)

Where:

CBS,y=Stable100yearsequestrationBSassociatedwiththeappropriateenduseand/or

insituapplicationofBiochar typej (whichwasproducedwithaconsistentFeedstock


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type under uniform production parameters, following the IBI Biochar Standards

(InternationalBiocharInitiative2013))inyeary(tCO2e)

BCj,y=MassofBiochartypejinyeary(metrictonnes)

Corg,j,y=OrganicCarbonratioasapercentageofBiocharjinyeary

BC+100=percentageofBiocharcarbonthatisstableforatleast100yearsinsitu

Mj,y=moisturecontent%ofBiochartypejinyeary

44/12=molarratioofcarbondioxidetocarbon

0.95 = correction factor used to account for any possible positive priming effect of

addingBiochartosoil(Formoreinformation,pleaserefertotheBiocharcarbonstability

documentationinAppendix3(InternationalBiocharInitiative2013a).

These measurements and calculations must be repeated for each subsequent year of

production or after any Material Change in Feedstock or process activity as outlined in the

Standard Test Method for Estimating Biochar Carbon Stability document (International

BiocharInitiative2013a).

5.3Leakage

Restricting Biochar production to nonpurposegrown Feedstocks will prevent Leakage from

upstreamsources.Further,LeakageduetothedepletionofsoilorganicCarbonStocksandthe

potential for overharvesting organic agricultural residue is addressed in Appendix 2. The

provisions of this Methodology require documentation supporting the end use of Biochar,

limitingtheriskofLeakagebyprovidingtangible,substantiveevidenceofstablesequestration.

Leakagecouldoccur if, in theabsenceoftheproject,theBiomassResidueswouldhavebeen

used togeneraterenewableenergy.WhenaPyrolysisunit isoptimized tomakebothenergy

andBiochar,itwillmakelessenergythanabiomassfacilitywhichisoptimizedtomakeenergy

alone,duetoEfficiencyreductions.Fossilfuelscouldthereforebeusedtocompensateforthe

lossofenergyassociatedwithdivertingsomeenergyproductionintotheproductionofBiochar

instead.

IfFeedstocktypejwasusedforbioenergyproduction,asinthedefaultBaselineScenario,the

ProjectProponentmustaccount for the increase inemissionsneeded tocompensate for the


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renewable energy that would have been produced in the Baseline Scenario. The Leakage

emissionsresultingfromalossinEfficiencyofthebiomassfacilityarecalculatedasfollows:

,, , (34)

Where:

Leakagey=Leakagethatoccursinyeary(tCO2e)

LEloss=Leakagedue toPyrolysisofFeedstocks thatotherwisewouldhavebeenused

purelyforthegenerationofenergy(tCO2e)

FSB,j,y = the amount of Feedstock typej diverted from baseline condition bioenergy

productionBinyeary(t)

NCVj,y=netcalorificvalueof theFeedstocktype jprocessedat theBiochar facility in

yeary(GJ/tofdrymatter)

=thebaselineBEfficiencyofthebiomassfacilitywheretheBiomassResidueswouldhavebeencombustedbeforetheimplementationoftheproject(kWh/GJorGJ/GJ)

=theEfficiencyofthePyrolysisfacilityintheprojectPcondition(kWh/GJorGJ/GJ)EFLeakage=Emission factor for reducedenergyproduction. If theFeedstockwouldhave

producedelectricityinthebaselinecondition,usetheregionalelectricitygridemission

factor(tCO2e/kWh).Ifthermalheatwouldhavebeenproducedinthebaseline,usetheemissionfactorassociatedwiththemostcarbonintensivefuelthatcouldreasonablybe

usedtoreplacethisbiomassheat(tCO2e/GJ)

5.4SummaryofGHGEmissionReductionand/orRemovals

Theemissionreductionsforthisprojectactivityarecalculatedasfollows:

(35)

Where:

ERY =NetGHGemissionsreductionsand/orremovalsinyeary


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Y = year, where the baseline year is 0 and the first year of

productionis1

BEY =Baselineemissionsinyeary

PEy =Projectemissionsinyeary

Leakagey =Leakagethatoccursinyeary


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6MONITORING

6.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidation

Thefollowingdatawillbemadeavailableat Validation by the Project Proponent. Default

valuesmayvaryaccordingtothephysicallocationoftheprojectactivity.TheProjectProponent

mustprovideevidenceandjustificationthatthevaluespresentedhereareapplicabletotheir

projectactivity,orprovideandjustifyprojectspecificvaluesasneeded.

ShouldthedataparameterslistedbelownotbeavailableatthetimeofValidation,theProject

Proponent must provide a plan for determination and/or monitoring the data during the

project.Allparametersusedmustbereviewedonanannualbasistoensurethemostcurrent

value is used in calculations. A project proponent has flexibility to balance the cost of

verificationagainstaccruedERTs.

Equation # Equation4

DataUnit/

Parameter:

EFACH4

Dataunit: gCH4/kgwaste(wetbasis)

Description: EmissionfactorforCH4associatedwithwastetreatment

practices.Sourceofdata: Table4.1,Chapter4,Volume5ofIPCC2006Guidelines

Valuetobeapplied: Ifcountryspecificdata isavailable, then thisshallbeapplied,

and themethodused toderive thevalue,aswellas thedata

sources, need to be documented in the GHG Project Plan. If

countryspecificdataarenotavailable, thenapply thedefault

valueslistedinTable8below.

Table8:DefaultemissionfactorsforCH4emissionsfromtheaerobic

treatmentofwaste.

CH4emissionfactors(gCH4/kgwastetreated)

Onadryweightbasis 10

(0.0820)

Onawetweightbasis 4


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(0.038)

Assumptions on the waste treated: 2550% DOC in the dry

matter, 2% N in dry matter, moisture content 60%. The

emissionfactorfordrywasteareestimatedfromthoseforwet

wasteassumingmoisturecontentof60%inwetwaste.

Anycomment: Pleasenotethatemissionfactorswillneedtobeconvertedto

theproperunitsforinclusioninthebaselinecalculations,from

gCH4/kgwastetotCH4/twaste.100yrconversionmultiplier

forCH4=310,source:SAR100GWPvaluesfromtheIPCC

FourthAssessmentReport(AR4),WorkingGroup1,Chapter2,

Table2.14(page212)at

http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2

102.html

http://ipcc

wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/Report/AR4WG1_Print_Ch02.pdf

Equation# Equation5

DataUnit/

Parameter:

EFAN2O

Dataunit: gN2O/kgwaste(wetbasis)

Description: EmissionfactorforN2Oassociatedwithwastetreatment

practices.

Sourceofdata: Table4.1,Chapter4,Volume5ofIPCC2006Guidelines

Valuetobeapplied: Ifcountryspecificdata isavailable, then thisshallbeapplied,

and themethodused toderive thevalue,aswellas thedata

sources, need to be documented in the GHG Project Plan. If

countryspecificdataarenotavailable, thenapply thedefault

valueslistedinTable9below.Table9:DefaultemissionfactorsforN2Oemissionsfromaerobic

wastetreatment.

N2Oemissionfactors

(gN2O/kgwastetreated)


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Onadryweightbasis 0.6

(0.21.6)

Onawetweightbasis 0.3

(0.060.6)

Assumptions on the waste treated: 2550% DOC in the dry

matter, 2% N in dry matter, moisture content 60%. The

emissionfactorfordrywasteareestimatedfromthoseforwet

wasteassumingmoisturecontentof60%inwetwaste.

Anycomment: Pleasenotethatemissionfactorswillneedtobeconvertedto

theproperunitsforinclusioninthebaselinecalculations,from

gN2O/kgwastetotN2O/twaste.100yrconversionmultiplier

forN2O=21,source:SAR100GWPvaluesfromtheIPCC

FourthAssessmentReport(AR4),WorkingGroup1,Chapter2,

Table2.14(page212)at

http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2

102.html

Equation# Equation6

DataUnit/Parameter:

Dataunit:

Description: Modelcorrectionfactortoaccountformodeluncertainties

incalculatingemissionsduetotheanaerobic

decompositionofFeedstockinanSWDS

Sourceofdata:

Valuetobeapplied: 0.9

Anycomment: Oonketel.(1994)havevalidatedseverallandfillgasmodels

basedon17realizedlandfillgasprojects. Themeanrelative

errorofmultiphasemodelswasassessedtobe18%. Giventheuncertaintiesassociatedwiththemodelandinorderto

estimateemissionreductionsinaconservativemanner,a

discountof10%(10%isused,ratherthan18%,becauseitis

conservativetounderestimatethebaselineemissions)is


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appliedtothemodelresults.

Equation # Equation6DataUnit/Parameter: OX

Dataunit: Fraction

Description: Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from

the SWDS that is oxidized in the soil or other material

coveringthewaste)

Sourceofdata: CDMAnnex10 Toolfordeterminingmethaneemissions

avoidedfromdumpingwasteatSWDS(V4.0).

Valuetobeapplied: Default:0.1

Project Proponent can alternatively conduct a site visit at

theSWDSwhereFeedstockswouldhavebeendisposed. If

theSWDS iscoveredwithoxidizingmaterialsuchassoilor

compost,usethedefaultvalueof0.1. Use0forothertypes

ofSolidWasteDisposalSites.

Anycomment:

Equation# Equation6

DataUnit/Parameter: F

Dataunit:

Description: FractionofmethaneintheSWDSgas(volumefraction)

Sourceofdata: IPCC2006GuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseInventories


Anycomment: This factor reflects the fact that some degradable organic

carbon does not degrade, or degrades very slowly, under

anaerobicconditionsintheSWDS. Adefaultvalueof0.5is

recommendedbyIPCC.

Equation# Equation6


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DataUnit/Parameter: DOCf

Dataunit:

Description: Fractionofdegradableorganiccarbon(DOC)thatcan

decompose

Sourceofdata: IPCC2006GuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGas

Inventories


Anycomment:

Equation# Equation6

DataUnit/Parameter: DOCj

Dataunit:

Description: FractionofdegradableorganiccarbonintheFeedstock type

jdiverted(weightfraction)

Sourceofdata: IPCC2006GuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGas

Inventories(adaptedfromVolumes5,Tables2.4and2.5)

Valuetobeapplied: ApplythefollowingvaluesfordifferentFeedstocktypesj:

Table10:DefaultvaluesforDOCi

Feedstocktype DOCj(%wet

waste)

DOCj(%dry

waste)

Woodandwood

products

43 50

Pulp,paperand

cardboard(other

thansludge)

40 44

Food,foodwaste,

beveragesand

tobacco(otherthan

sludge)

15 38

Textiles 24 30

Garden,yardand

parkwaste

20 49

Glass,plastic, 0 0


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