BIOLOGY REVIEW EOC May 7th!!!!

Genetic code for proteins, in pro/eukaryote

Command center of eukaryote cells, contains the DNA

Semi-permeable membrane that allows certain items in/out, all cells

Gives cell structure and support, many different cells (not animal or some protist)

Long whip-like tail for movement, many different cells

Site of protein synthesis, all cells

Site of cellular respiration, only in eukaryote

Site of photosynthesis, only in eukaryote (plant, some protist)

Makes and transports packages (mostly proteins) within the cell, only eukaryotes

Creates packages that will be transported out of the cell, only eukaryote

Breaks down cell/organelles, only eukaryote

The movement of materials into or out of a cell WITHOUT the expenditure of energy The movement of water molecules through a

membrane from a place of HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration

The movement of particles from a place of HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration

The movement of substances across a cell membrane with the aid of a CARRIER MOLECULE embedded in the membrane

The movement of materials against the concentration gradient(from LOW TO HIGH) WITH the expenditure of energy

Make more body cells/all the time

Make SEX CELLS! (SPERM AND EGGS)

2 4

IDENTICALDIPLOID

DIFFERENTHAPLOID

the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication that produces two daughter cells (INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS)

Cell death, mutation, cancer

S phase

Xylem carries water (WXY) Phloem carries food (nutrients)

Chloroplasts, guard cells for regulation of gas exchange

More elongated

Tap root (carrot) vs fibrous root (spider web)

Reproductive structure

DNA / RNANO METABOLISM

NO REPRODUCTION(without a host)

CAPSID

NOT A CELL

RECEPTORS

Influenza

Herpes

HIV

GeneticCode

nucleotide

20 Amino acids

Builds everythingenzymes

Fatty acidglycerol

InsulationLong term storage of NRGMembranesHormones

Quick NRGsugars

CHOPN

CHON

CHON

CHO

Pentose sugar = deoxyribose

Pentose sugar = ribose

double single

deoxyriboseribose

If you need extra practice feel free to draw it again

nucleus

mutation

Ribosome, cytoplasm

Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.

Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted.A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could:

A chromosome alteration in which a whole chromosome or segment of a chromosome becomes attached to or interchanged with another whole chromosome or segment

DNA mRNA Protein

one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene or same genetic locus

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person

the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration- Gg

The observable traits- the PHYsical appearance- green

two different alleles for that trait

two of the same alleles for that trait

A trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome

XcXXcXcXcYXY

Gel elctrophoresis

direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology.

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

species

Domain

Two name systemGenus species

Gives each organism a unique name that is used by scientists around the world, this causes less confusion

Dumb

King

Philip

Called

Out

For

Good

Soup

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Eukaryote

Mostly multi-celled some single cell

DecomposersHeterotrophic

Prefer dark/damp

Cell walls of chitin

Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Prokaryote

Single cell

Extremeophiles

heterotrophic

Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls

Prokayote

Single cell

Found nearly everywhere

Heterotrophicautotrophic

Peptidoglycan in cell walls

Eukaryote

Found mostly in water

Mostly single cell (or colony)

3 types-fungus like

-plant like

-Animal like

Archae-bacteria

Eukaryote

All multi-celled

Cell walls of cellulose

Autotrophic

Eukaryote

All multi-celled

Heterotrophic

Largest amount of species

Thermoplasma StreplococcusE. coli

MushroomYeastMold

EuglenaAmeobaAlgae

FicusRosePine tree

Jelly fishWolfCockroach

Levels of Organization

19

Homologous structures

Similar genes

Similar Embryology

A trait that allows a population a better chance of survival

chloroplasts

To make energy/food for the cellCONVERTS LIGHT ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY

mitochondria

PLANT AND ANIMAL

PLANT

To make energy for the cell

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Predation, Commensalism, Mutualism, or Commensalism?

Mutualism

+/- (hunting for food!)+/-

+/0

+/+

-/-

Competition

Parasitism

Each population is replaced/ out-competed by larger species

Primary starts with bare rock

Secondary had adisaster