Bio material

هوالحی القیوم

Bio Material

Mina Akrami Supervisor: Dr. M.H.

Rasoulifard

Bio MaterialMonday khordad

6th

Zanjan university

Faculty of science

Environmental

department

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Index:IntroductionDefinition _Bio Material Science _ Bio MaterialsHistoryDifferent groups & generations of Bio MaterialsBio Material charectrizationApplicationsBio Material ‘s FutureRefrences

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M.Akrami * May 27th 2013

introduction definition history generation characterization application refrences

4Bio Material

Engineering

Science

Basic Scien

ce

Medical

Science


introduction definition history generation characterization applications refrences

Bio Material science :

“ Bio Material science” is the physical and biological study of materials and their interactions with the biological environment.

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A biomaterial can be defined as any material used to make devices to replace a part or a function of the body in a safe, reliable, economic, and physiologically acceptable manner.

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http://www.biomaterials.org/index.cfm



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1860• Lister develops aseptic

surgical technique

early 1900's •Bone plates used to fix fractures

1930's •Introduction of stainless steel, cobalt chromium alloys

1938 •first total hip prosthesis

1940's

• Polymers in medicine: PMMA bone repair; cellulose for dialysis; nylon sutures

1952 •Mechanical heart valve

HISTORY:


introduction definition history generation characterization applications refrences 8Bio Material

1953• Dacron (polymer

fiber) vascular grafts

1958• Cemented (PMMA)

joint replacement

1960• first commercial

heart valves

1970's •PEO (polyethyleneoxide) protein resistant thin film coating

1976

• FDA ammendment governing testing & production of biomaterials /devices• Artificial heart

1975• Society for

Biomaterials formed

HISTORY:



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Evolution of Biomaterial Science & Technology: 1st generation (since 1950s) Goal: Bioinertness

2nd generation (since 1980s) Goal: Bioactivity

3rd generation (since 2000s) Goal: Regenerate functional tissue

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Biocompatibility:

The ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application.

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B=f(X1,X2......Xn)Where X : material, design, application etc.

Bio Material

B.D.Ratener,A.S.Hoffman,F.J.Scheon, J.E.Lemon,Biomaterials science, firth edittion,2002,p 86-102



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Host response:

the reaction of a living system to the presence of a material.

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B.D.Ratener,A.S.Hoffman,F.J.Scheon, J.E.Lemon,Biomaterials science,firth edittion,2002,p 86-102



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The Requirements for An Implant:Acceptance of the plate to the tissue surface, i.e., biocompatibilityPharmacological acceptability (nontoxic, nonallergenic , nonimmunogenic, noncarcinogenic, etc.)Chemically inert and stable (no time-dependent degradation)Adequate mechanical strength

Adequate fatigue life

Sound engineering design

Proper weight and densityRelatively inexpensive, reproducible, and easy to fabricate and process for large-scale production



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Corrossion

Mechanical loading

Combined

Degradation

Detrition of Biomaterials:

Bio Material

http://embo.blogfa.com./coam6



Metals

• stainless steel

• cobalt alloys

• titanium alloys

Ceramics

Polymers

• Silicones

• Poly ethylene

• Poly vinyl chloride

• Polyurethanes

• polylactides

Composite

• Collagen

• Gelatin

• Elastin

• Silk

• polysaccharides

Classes of Biomaterials:

•Aluminum oxide

•Zirconia

•Calcium phosphate




Orthopedic screws fixation Dental

Implants

Drug Delivery

Devices Skin

cartilage Ocular implants

Bone replacements Heart valves Dental

Implants

Biosensors

Implantable

Microelectres

SYNTHETIC BIOMATERIALS

Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites

Applications:



Bioceramics:

The class of ceramics used for repair and

replacement of diseased and

damaged parts of the

musculoskeletal system are

referred to as bioceramics.



Bioceramics

Nearly inert bioceramics

LTI Carbon

Ultra LTI

carbon

AL2O

3

ZrO2

Vitreous

carbon

Bioactive ceramics

HABio

active glass

Resorseable bioceramics

TCPCalcium

phosphate

TSA

Tissue attachment

(Replacement)

Tissue attachment(Inteftacial bonding)

Tissue attachment

(Mechanical)http://www.brg.blogfa.com



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Bioceramic Coatings:Coatings of hydroxyapatite are often applied to metallic implants (most commonly titanium/titanium alloys and stainless steels) to alter the surface properties.

Bone Fillers：Hydroxyapatite may be employed in forms such as powders, porous blocks or beads to fill bone defects or voids.

Two forms for biomedical applications: either dense or porous

http://biomaterials.materials.ox.ac.uk



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A10(BO4)6X2

The ability to integrate in bone structures and support bone ingrowth, without breaking down or dissolving (i.e it is bioactive).Hydroxyapatite is a thermally unstable compound, decomposing at temperature from about 800-1200 Oc depending on its stoichiometry.

Generally speaking dense hydroxyapatite does not have the mechanical strength to enable it to succeed in long term load bearing applications




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Applications of Porous Bioceramics:

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Applications of Porous Bioceramics in Cervical Vertebra:

Bio Material M.Akrami * May 27th 2013 introduction definition history generation characterization applications refrences



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Applications of Bioceramics in vertebral column

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Applications of Porous Bioceramics :

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Applications of Porous Bioceramics in Ophthalmology:

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Bioceramics for Femur Fracture Treatment:

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Bioceramics for Bone Fillers:

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Advantages and disadvantages of bioceramics:

Biocompatible Wear

resistant light weight

Low tensible strength

Difficult

to fabricate Low toughne

ss Not

resilient



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Polymeric Biomaterials:

Advantages of polymeric biomaterials: are ease of manufacturability to produce various shapes (latex, film, sheet, fibers, etc.), ease of secondary proccessability, reasonable cost, and availability with desired mechanical and physical properties.

B.D.Ratener,A.S.Hoffman,F.J.Scheon, J.E.Lemon,Biomaterials science,firth edittion,2002,p 124-187



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Synthetic polymers

Applications

Poly vinylchloride( PVC )

Blood and solution bag, surgical packaging, IV sets, dialysis devices, bottles, connectors and cannulae.

Polyethylene ( PE ) Pharmaceuitical bottle, nonwoven fabric, catheter, pouch, flexible container, and orthopedic implants.

Polypropylene ( PP ) Disposable syringes, blood oxygenator membrane, suture, nonwoven fabric, and artificial vascular grafts.

Polymethylmetacrylate( PMMA )

Blood pump and reservoirs, membrane for blood dialyzer, implantable ocular lens, and bone cement.

Polystyrene (PS ) Tissue culture flasks, roller bottle, and filterwares.

Polyethylenterephthalate(PET)

Implanable suture, mesh, artificial vascular grafts, and heart valve .

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Catheter and artificial vascular grafts.

Polyurethane ( PU ) Film, tubing, and components.

Polyamide ( Nylon ) Packaging film, catheters, suture, and mold parts.



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Vascular grafts: Basic Material:Polyurethane , Teflon & Dacron.

Challenge: Maintenance of mechanical integrity Long term blood compability ( avoidance blood clotting)

Bio Material

http://www.biomat.net/index.php?id=6



Future of Bio Material:

An appropriate combination of engineers, clinicians and basic science researches will pave the way for the development of better bio materials and hence (medical) devices that will help improve the quality of life of humans.

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References: [1]. B.D.Ratner, A.S.Hoffman, F.J.Schoen, J.E.Lemon, biomaterial scoence,academic press, firth edittion, 2002.[2]. M. Wiens, X. H. Wang, U. Schloßmacher, I. Lieberwirth, G. Glasser, H. Ushijima, H. C. Schröder and W. E. G. Müller, Osteogenic potential of bio-silica onhuman osteoblast-like (SaOS-2) cells, Calcif. Tissue Int., 2010, 87, 513–524.[3]. U. Schlossmacher, M. Wiens, H. C. Schröder, X. H. Wang, K. P. Jochum and W. E. G. Müller, Silintaphin-1: interaction with silicatein during structure guiding biosilica formation, FEBS J., 2011, 278, 1145–1155.

[4]. M. T. Drake, B. Srinivasan, U. I. Mödder, J. M. Peterson, L. K. McCready, B. L. Riggs, D. Dwyer, M. Stolina, P. Kostenuik and S. Khosla, Effects of parathyroid hormone treatment on circulating sclerostin levels in postmenopausal women, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2010, 95, 5056–5062.[5]. W. Zhai, C. He, L. Wu, Y. Zhou, H. Chen, J. Chang and H. Zhang, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B, 2012, 100, 1397–1403.[6]. H. Wu, G. Liu, S. Zhang, J. Shi, L. Zhang, Y. Chen, F. Chena and H. Chena, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 3037–3045.

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Bio material

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