INSTITUT ZA OCEANOGRAFIJU I RIBARSTVO - SPLITSFR JUGOSLAVIJA

No. 29 BILJEŠKE- NOTES 1972.

" Preliminary observations of oil and phenoldistribution in the central Adriatic

:(

;\Preliminarna opažanja o rasprostranjenju ulja i fenola

u srednjem Jadranu

by

Ivan Jar d a s*) and Ignac M u n j k 0**)

*) Institute of Oceanography and Fischeries, Split

**) Organic Chemistry IndustTY (OKI), Zagreb

INTRODUCTION

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Sea pollution, due to modern intensive urbanization and industrializationof the coastal zone of the Adriatic, requires permanent and systematic control.The problem of the sea polluted by industrial waste waters and naphtha andits derivatives from vessels is particularly actual. Nowadays, in addition tothe investigations of pollution, which is predominantly bacteriological in cha-racter (M a j o r i et al., 1969; Pa vIe t i c and S t i I i n o v i c, 1969; P a v-let i c et al., 1971, and others), the sea water is analyzed with the aim toestablish an eventual presence of naphtha derivatives like oils and phenolsbecause of their noxious effect on the sea life.

The data on the concentration of mineraloils and phenols in the Adriaticsurface waters are few and poor. Recently, data have been collected in thechannel region along the line from Split to the island of Ugljen (M u n j koand Jar d a s, 1970), in the coastal zone at Olib, Opatija and Porec (M u n j-k o and Jar d a s, 1970/71), and results thave been obtained of the investi-gations conducted in the pollution of the sea's surface along the line fromSelca to Plomin (P avI e t i c et al., 1971; M u nj ko, 1971) and on the linefrom Karlobag to Makarska (M u n j ko, 1971).

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Theoretical studies of the problem of sea pollution can be found in theworks by B u I jan (1953; 1958), Par u n (1971), G o I u b i c (1962) andmany others.

Besides being interested in the pollution of the surface of the coastal seanear the islands of Vis, Svetac and Biševo, we were particularly interested inthe vertical distribution of oH and phenol concentrations in the sea water.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The samples of the surlace coastal waters were taken at the islands of Vis (thebay of Komiža; near the »Biševo"'<hotel, in the Kamenica cove and :neal" the »Ne<p-tun« factory), Svetac (,the Zankic cove) and Biševo (Modra spHja - the Blue Grotto),and at the station Stoncri.ca at the de<pths O (0.5), 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75 and 100 m(Fig. 1).

The samples of the surlace coastal sea watett' were taken in clean (ster:He) W,in-kler's flasks.

The samples from the stations Stoncri.ca and Modra spilja, in which exclusivelythe conceI1ltra1Jionsof phenol and oi! wett'e determined, were fixed with coppett' sul-fate, and the other sampiles were examined in theiT native staltes. The time betweensampling and conductilng individual ana:lyses was from 36 to 48 hours.

Phenols were elaboratoo after Emerson's method with 4-adminoantipyrine, andoiis were ex1Iracted by means of carbon tetrachloride, CC14, after Simaro's method.OH concen1Jration was deteri:niJned with IR-spectrophotometer, and phenol with Per-king-Elmer's spectrophotometer, Model 202.

on ooncentration :is expressed in ppm uI1Ji1s(parts per million), and pheuols inppb unilJS Gparts per bill:lion; 10-9).

The other values were obtained by routine methods.

VI$KI KANAL16~20' I1S""~' 16'100'

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Fig. 1 Geograhpical position of the place of samp1ing

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RESUL TS AND DISCUSSION

The analysis of the sea water at the station Stoncica has given the follo-wing results (Table 1).

Table 1 Ph€l!1o1and oiJ. ooncentrations in the sea water at the station Stoncica at thedepths from o - 100 m (samples taken October 12, 1971)

t\

o (0.5)5

1020305075

100

Ph€l!1o1COIIlCen:trartJi on

ppb

6.52.41.0OOOtracestraces

onooncentration

ppm

2.71.20.80.4tracesoOtraces

Depthm

As expected oil al)d phenol concentrations were the highest on the sea'ssurface .and'h they decreased-gradually-d according-to' -depth. A very rapiddictrease in concentration was observed in the first 5 m.

If oil' and phenol concentrations in the same depth are compared a con-siderably higher concentration of oil can be registred. Similarly we can alsonoti ce th'e differences in the rate of decrease in their concentrations in rela-tion to depth (Fig. 2.).

The decrrease in the concentrations in the first 5 metres is more or less equali!n both cases, Le. 55% for oils and about 63% for phenols of the :'surfaceconcentrations. However, a further decrease in phenol concentration with theincrease of depth is considerably quicker than the decrease in oil concentra-tion. While oH traces have been regi ste red at 30 m, all the traces of phenoldisappear at the depths beyond 10 m.

Small concentrations of oil (leff than 0,1 ppm) and phenol (less than1 ppb) have been registered again at greater depths (above the bottom)Le; phenols at 75 and 100 and oils at 100 m. These small quantities ofoil and phenol have probably originated in the bottom processes of disinte-gration and mineralization of free organic matter and detritus and they arenot the result of pollution. Their occurrence in these layers is probably closelyconnected with bacterial activity.

. The results of pollution of the surface coastal waters are given in Table2. The highest degree of pollution of the coastal sea has been found at Komiža,

100

.§ 701!c60~uCS 50~(J~ 40

Lo::Jcl'~ 30.

90

80

20

10

O 10 30 m205

F,ig. 2 Decrease ~n oil and phenol concentrations <%) at the Sltation Stoncica :fromO to 30 m in relation to their surface concentrations

especially neal' the »Neptun« factory where the ifluence of the waste watersof the factory is particularly felt. Here the highest quantities of oil and phenolare found, then free organic matter and germs accompanied by plUddledwater. At other localities und er examination considerably better conditionshave been found especially neal' the island of Svetac (the Zankic cove).

The conditions found at the localities under examination can only partlysatisfy the requirements. According to the researches conducted by Lie b-man n (1967) the quantities of phenol found neal' the »Biševo« hotel, andespecially neal' the »Neptun« factory, are enough to spoil the taste of fishthe more so as shin, liver and muscle tissues absorb phenol more rapidly. Insuch cases accumulation of monochlorphenol becomes notably rapid. Lightoils have a similar capability of spoiling the taste of fish meat.

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Table 2 Resuits of the investigati<Xt1S of the surface pol1ution of the coastal seawater near the islands of Vis (the bayof Komiža), Svetac (the Zainkic oove)and Biševo (Modra spilja - Blue Grotto)

Biševo(Modraspi~ja)

July24, 1971.(10 hoUI's)

O1.0-3.4

dear

The other values found - the quantity of organic matter, the appearanceof water - at the same localities also exceed all the norms for the sea meantfor recreation.

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Place of samp1dng

Kind of Komiža Komiža Komiža Svetacanalys.is (hotel (Kamenica (factory (Za'IJikic

»Biševo«) cove) »Neputn«) oove)

Aug. Aug Aug. Aug.Time of 4, 1971. 4, 1971. 4, 1971. 3, 1971.sampling (14 houI's) (12 hours) (10 hours) (12 hours)

pH 8.3 8.4 8.2 8.1C<Xt1SumptionKMn04 mg/I 170 136 388 102BPK5 mg O2/1 8.0 10.3 40.4 3.2Ge.rms!ml No. 420 180 660 107Phenol (ppb) 13.0 4.0 95.5 O- Oi! (rppm) 5.0 1.8 15.0 2.5

1 Appearanceof water muddy dear muddy dear

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REFERENCES

B u I jan, M. 1953. O 'lJiplivu izbacivanja mineralnih ulja i Qrganskih Qtpadnih tvariu more. MQrnariClkJi glasnik, 3 (4).418-420. .

B u I jan, M. 1958. Biološki aspe'kti problema zagadiva.nja mora: Morna<ricki glasnik,. 7 (4). 447-455.

G o' I u b d C, S. 1962. O problemima zagadenja i zaštite vode s osooomm osvrtom najezero Vrana na o~u Oresu. Obavještenja, 5 (4). 273-285.

Lie b man n, H. 1967. DetergenUen und Ole in Wasser und Abwasser. Minchen -Wien. .

Majori, L. Morelli, M. L. Diana, L. & Rausa, G. 1669. L'inquinamentodelle acque del mare nell'Alto Adriatico (1 - Ricerchi Miorobiologiche). Con.Naz. Ric., Serie B. 37. 115-125.

M u nj k q, 1. & Jar d a s, 1. 1970. O zagad,ivanju JadranskQg mora fenolom i mine-ralnim ulj,ima. More, 13 (5-6). 24.

M u n j kO', 1. & Ja r;d as, 1. 1970/71. O problemu onecišcevanja in zašciti VQd predfenoli in mineralnimi olji. Proteus, 33 (5). 221-224.

M u n j kO', 1. 1971. Nastavalk ispitivanja fenola i ulja u. Jadranskom m9ru. More,14 (2) 28. '

p a I' u n, E. 1971. Zagadivanje mora i njeg()vutjecaj na niblje resU'!'se i ekO'nomiku. ribarstva ,ti svijetu. MO'rskO' J"ibarstvo, 23 (2). 52-58.

Pavletic, Z. &StilinO'v,ic, B. 1969. Preliminarna bakteriO'loška istraživanjau zaljevu Valdibora kQd Rovinja. Thalassia Jug9S1avica, Vol., 5. 251-255.

Pavletic, Z. StilinO'vic, B. Cre, Z. & Munjko, 1. 1971. Zimski i ljetniaspekt heterotrofnih i kO'ldforn:mih bak,teI"ija i nemh ekoloških karakteristikaoneciscenjau podrucju RijeckQg zaljeva. Acta Adriatica, (u tisku).

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Received for publication January 26, 1972.

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PRELIMINARNA OPAZANJA o RASPROSTRANJENJU ULJA I FENOLAU SREDNJEM JADRANU

Ivan Jar d a s*) i Ignac M u nj k 0**)

*) Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, Split

**) Organsko-kemijska industrija (OKI), Zagreb

KRATAK SADRZAJ

U ovom radu iznesena su preliminarna opažanja o onecišcenju površin-skog priobalnog mora na nekim karakteristicnim lokalitetima kod otoka Visa(zaljev Komiža), Sveca (uvala Zankic) i Biševa (modra spilja) i o vertikalnojraspodjeli ulja i fenola na postaji Stoncica na. O, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75 i 100metara dubine.

Uocena je znatno veca koncentracija ulja s obzirom na fenole na svimdubinama i brzi pad njihovih koncentracija u odnosu na dubinu, narocito kodfenola.

Najlošije stanje - što se tice onecišcenja površinskog priobalnog mora -na istražen im lokalitetima je nadeno u zaljevu Komiža, gdje se jasno ocitujeutjecaj otpadnih voda.

BILJESKE-NOTES, izdaje Instit1Jt za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, Split; izlaze povre-meno. Odgovorni urednik: prof. S. A1firevic. Naklada 550 primjeraka. Tisak:

»Slobodna Dalmacija«, Split

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