Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of...

20
Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and

TAGS:

Transcript of Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of...

Page 1: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Big theme in biology:

Structure and function are related!

This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells,

tissues, organs, and organisms.

Page 2: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Note log scale.

Page 3: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Types of Cells1. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Bacteria Animals

Archaea Plants

Fungi

Protists

2. Categories based on differentiation

Page 4: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Contrasting the size and complexity of prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cell

Nucleoidregion

Nucleus

Eukaryotic cell Organelles

TE

M 1

5,00

0

Col

oriz

ed T

EM

15,

000

Fig 4.3A

Page 5: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Fig 24.1A. Engulfment of bacteria by macrophage

Comparing sizes of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Page 6: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,
Page 7: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,
Page 8: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

NucleusSmooth endoplasmicreticulumRough

endoplasmicreticulum

Ribosomes

Golgiapparatus

Plasma membrane

Mitochondrion

Flagellum

Not in mostplant cells Lysosome

Centriole

Microtubule

CytoskeletonIntermediatefilament

Microfilament

Peroxisome

Figure 4.4A A “typical” animal cell

Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional compartments

Page 9: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,
Page 10: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Cell Organelles in Cytoplasm

Organelle (part) Function (job)Mitochondria “powerhouse” converts food energy in to

usable energy (ATP)

ER Carries proteins throughout the cell.

Ribosomes Makes proteins

Golgi Bodies Receives, packages & sends materials.

Chloroplasts(plant only)

Captures light energy to make food energy

Vacuoles storage

Lysosomes Chemicals for breakdown.

Page 11: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,
Page 12: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Fig 4.5. The nucleus: the cell’s genetic control center.

NucleusChromatin

Nucleolus

Pore

Ribosomes

Roughendoplasmicreticulum

Two membranesof nuclearenvelope

Page 13: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Nuclearenvelope

Rough ER

Ribosomes

Smooth ER

TE

M 4

5,0

00

Figure 4.7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ER has a variety of functions, eg making lipids.Rough ER makes membranes and proteins.

Page 14: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Mitochondria harvest chemical energy from food.

Page 15: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,
Page 16: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Organization of a “typical” plant cell

Centralvacuole

Not inanimalcells

Chloroplast

Cell wall

Golgiapparatus

Nucleus

Microtubule

CytoskeletonIntermediatefilament

Microfilament

Ribosomes

Smoothendoplasmicreticulum

Mitochondrion

Peroxisome

Plasma membrane

Roughendoplasmicreticulum

Figure 4.4B

Page 17: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Fig 4.14

TE

M 9

,75

0

Chloroplast

Stroma

Intermembranespace

Inner and outermembranes

Granum

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.

Page 18: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

18

Human Cells: Organelles & Subcellular Structures

Genetic headquarters: Nucleus

Manufacturing:Nucleus, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi.

Breakdown of materials (digestion):Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Energy Processing: Mitochondria

Support, Movement, and Communication:Cytoskeleton, Cell Walls, Extracellular matrix, Cell junctions

Page 19: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Cellular and sub-cellular levels

• Cell membrane has surface area of 1/30 the surface area of period on typical page. • Nucleus has a surface area of 1/10 of cell membrane.

Page 20: Big theme in biology: Structure and function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: at the levels of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues,

Organelles and Subcellular Structures

ManufacturingNucleus, Ribosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus. (Connected through endomembrane system.)

Breakdown:Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles

Energy Processing:Chloroplasts, Mitochondria

Support, Movement, and Communication:Cytoskeleton, Cell Walls, Extracellular matrix, Cell junctions


TISSUES. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION ► Life is characterized by hierarchical orders of organization Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs.

TISSUES. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION ► Life is characterized by hierarchical orders of organization Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs.

Cell Theory/Organelles/Function/Levels of Organization Quiz Game Review.

Cell Theory/Organelles/Function/Levels of Organization Quiz Game Review.

The Biosphere. The Order of Things…. Subatomic Particles Atoms molecules macromolecules Organelles Cells tissues Organs Organisms (Ecological.

The Biosphere. The Order of Things…. Subatomic Particles Atoms molecules macromolecules Organelles Cells tissues Organs Organisms (Ecological.

Introduction to Human Body Systems The Tissues. Levels of Organization Molecules (like DNA and proteins) Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems.

Introduction to Human Body Systems The Tissues. Levels of Organization Molecules (like DNA and proteins) Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems.

3.1. Tissues Cells and Organelles

3.1. Tissues Cells and Organelles

Levels of Organization OrganismOrganOrgan System Tissues CellsOrganelles.

Levels of Organization OrganismOrganOrgan System Tissues CellsOrganelles.

Lesson 5 - Levels of Organization The 5 levels of organization 2 nd Level--Cells make up tissues 3 rd Level--Tissues make up organs 4 th Level--Organs.

Lesson 5 - Levels of Organization The 5 levels of organization 2 nd Level--Cells make up tissues 3 rd Level--Tissues make up organs 4 th Level--Organs.

Plant Cells & Tissues. Plant Cells Plant Cells have a few unique organelles: Vacuoles Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) Cell wall.

Plant Cells & Tissues. Plant Cells Plant Cells have a few unique organelles: Vacuoles Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) Cell wall.

5 Levels of Organization Pages 524-525. 5 Levels of Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism.

5 Levels of Organization Pages 524-525. 5 Levels of Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism.

Levels Of Organization: Cells----- Tissues----- Organs----- Organ Systems---- Organism

Levels Of Organization: Cells----- Tissues----- Organs----- Organ Systems---- Organism

Hierarchical Organization of the Body Atom Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ system Organism.

Hierarchical Organization of the Body Atom Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ system Organism.

Tissues and a Introduction to the Epithelium. Levels of Organization atoms→molecules→organelles→cells →tissues.

Tissues and a Introduction to the Epithelium. Levels of Organization atoms→molecules→organelles→cells →tissues.

Levels of Structural Organization Cells are the smallest unit of organization that can live independently. Cells are organized into tissues. Tissues are.

Levels of Structural Organization Cells are the smallest unit of organization that can live independently. Cells are organized into tissues. Tissues are.

Levels of Biological Organization The various levels of organization include atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole organisms,

Levels of Biological Organization The various levels of organization include atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole organisms,

Objective: ◦ To understand how cells combine to form tissues ◦ To differentiate between types of tissues Journal: What are the levels of organization.

Objective: ◦ To understand how cells combine to form tissues ◦ To differentiate between types of tissues Journal: What are the levels of organization.

Levels of Organizationbwiwadsworthclassroom.weebly.com/.../5/40553767/levels_of_organ… · Levels of Organization Atom Molecules Organelles Cell Tissue Organ Organism Organ System

Levels of Organizationbwiwadsworthclassroom.weebly.com/.../5/40553767/levels_of_organ… · Levels of Organization Atom Molecules Organelles Cell Tissue Organ Organism Organ System

Notes TISSUES AND OTHER LEVELS OF … and Other Levels of Organization MODULE - 1 ... The study of tissues is called histology. 5 ... As in plants, tissues in animals are also of various

Notes TISSUES AND OTHER LEVELS OF … and Other Levels of Organization MODULE - 1 ... The study of tissues is called histology. 5 ... As in plants, tissues in animals are also of various

Big theme in biology: Structure & Function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and.

Big theme in biology: Structure & Function are related! This is true at all levels of organization: molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and.

Organization Levels of Life List in order from least complex to most complex using the following terms. population, organs, biosphere, organelles, tissues,

Organization Levels of Life List in order from least complex to most complex using the following terms. population, organs, biosphere, organelles, tissues,

Chemical Sensors & Biosensors · Definition of a Biosensor “A device that uses specific biochemical reactions mediated by isolated enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles

Chemical Sensors & Biosensors · Definition of a Biosensor “A device that uses specific biochemical reactions mediated by isolated enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles