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BETTER SPEAKING Lesson 1 Do I have to sound like a native speaker? Jinping: I have learned English for almost 15 years. I have no problem with reading and listening. But speaking has always been a problem for me because when I was at school, we always focused on grammar, vocabulary and exams. Now I really want to improve my spoken English to a new level, achieve that free speaking in the near future. Do you have any good suggestions on how to achieve this? Richard Hallows: Learners of English often worry about speaking like a native speaker. I think it’s important that they should realize this is not the way you need to speak. Most of the time our listeners are speaking to other non-native speakers of English, so they need to be intelligible to those people. It’s not necessary to have a native accent. to sound - brzmieć native speaker of English - osoba, której językiem ojczystym jest

angielski reading - czytanie listening - słuchanie speaking - mówienie to focus on sth - koncentrować się na czymś vocabulary - słownictwo exam - egzamin to improve - polepszyć, poprawić, udoskonalić spoken English - język angielski mówiony, angielska mowa level - poziom to achieve - osiągnąć free - tu: swobodny suggestion - sugestia learner of English - osoba ucząca się angielskiego to worry - martwić się way - tu: sposób non-native speaker of English - osoba, której językiem ojczystym nie jest

angielski intelligible - zrozumiały uzupełnij zdania:

1. I (learned, have learned, had learned) English for almost 15 years. 2. We used to focus (at, to, on) grammar and vocabulary too much. 3. Now I want to improve my (speaking, speak, spoken) English.

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odpowiedzi:

1. have learned 2. on 3. spoken

Lesson 2 What can I do to sound more natural? Goran Ivanisovich: This was my dream, all my life and er… you know to serve for the match, suddenly I have a match point out of nowhere, you know …I came here, nobody even talked about me and now I’m holding this trophy and it’s… it’s just.. this support today is like… er… I mean.. I was …er… three times in the final but this is, this is just unbelievable, this is too good. Thank you guys for everything … Richard Hallows: When we’re speaking, sometimes maybe we need time to think about what we’re saying. Um … rather than having a silence when you’re speaking, um … you might like to say, ‘erm….um..’ In fact, I do this quite a lot when I’m speaking. And this helps you sound very natural and keeps the listener listening. to sound natural - brzmieć naturalnie dream - tu: marzenie trophy - trofeum support - wsparcie, poparcie I mean… - tu: konwersacyjny wtręt, ‘zapchajdziura’,

która nie jest nośnikiem znaczenia unbelievable - niewiarygodny, nie do wiary guy - facet, człowiek to speak - mówić to need - potrzebować to think - myśleć to say - mówić, powiedzieć silence - cisza to keep the listener listening - utrzymać uwagę słuchacza (sprawić, aby

dalej słuchał) uzupełnij zdania:

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1. When you speak, you can use words like: ‘I mean’, ‘you know, ‘kind of…’. They can help you (sound, sounding, sounds) very natural.

2. They also keep the listener (listen, to listen, listening). 3. They help you (keep, hold, take) his attention while you speak.

odpowiedzi:

1. sound 2. listening 3. hold

Lesson 3 How can I become more confident? Richard Hallows: Some students do have this confidence, and they’re the students who really make the most progress and become, you know, the good speakers of English. The students who really don’t progress so quickly are students who … you know, they worry about making mistakes so much, it stops them really communicating and making that progress. Richard Hallows: Really “key” is, you know, you must enjoy speaking. Erm…. It’s not an exam - it’s just about communicating, and if you enjoy it, you will be so much better. to become - stać się confident - mający wiarę w siebie, pewność siebie to make progress - robić postępy to make the most progress - robić największe postępy speaker of English - osoba mówiąca po angielsku to progress - robić postępy to worry about sth - martwić się czymś/o coś to make mistakes - robić błędy to communicate - komunikować się key - klucz to enjoy - lubić coś, czerpać z czegoś radość i zadowolenie uzupełnij zdania:

1. Students who have confidence (do, make, achieve) the most progress. 2. Don’t worry too much about (making, doing, achieving) mistakes. 3. Enjoy (to speak, speak, speaking) English!

odpowiedzi:

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1. make 2. making 3. speaking

Lesson 4 How do I say it? NGOC: One of my problems is my spoken English sometimes I try to say

something but I don’t know the word so I feel … um …a bit confused and I stop because I don’t know how to say it or to say what I want to say so I feel less confident in speaking and I stop myself from speaking sometimes.

how do I say it? - jak to powiedzieć? confused - zdezorientowany to feel - czuć less - mniej confident - mający pewność siebie i wiarę we własne siły I stop myself from - powstrzymuję się od uzupełnij zdania:

1. If you don’t feel confident, you feel (in, un, non) confident. 2. If you don’t know the word you are looking for try (to, at, in)

paraphrase. 3. Don’t stop yourself (from, at, for) speaking.

odpowiedzi:

1. un 2. to 3. from

Lesson 5 Can I paraphrase? Pak Han Suk:

In the house of the Korean people they like football very much, more than your baseball and basketball, but actually they do not want to visit a stadium. Even if Korean people like football very much sometimes they want to go another place, like picnic, or do other things at home. Maybe Korean people like drinking so much.

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Maybe if a person is asked whether you go to the stadium or you join your friends in the, maybe, beer shop, something like that, I think maybe Korean people choose going to the beer shop, I don’t know…

paraphrase - parafrazować basketball - koszykówka stadium - stadion to drink - pić to join - przyłączyć się beer - piwo shop - sklep to choose - wybierać uzupełnij zdania:

1. Do you like football more (then, when, than) basketball? 2. Do you go to football matches or do you prefer to watch it (in, at,

inside) home? 3. Or would you rather go for a drink (for, to, at) a pub or a bar?

odpowiedzi:

1. than 2. at 3. to

Lesson 6 How English helps you survive in business Stelios Haji-Ioannou: Well obviously I've survived in business, by being able

to speak English and Greek, which is not very useful outside Greece - so definitely English must be the business language. I think it would've been impossible to run an airline in the UK without speaking English - that would've been a serious limitation to your ability to communicate with customers. And in fact, when people ask me, “Do you ... I mean, you come from Greece - why didn't you start the airline in Greece" or "Why didn't you go to France or Germany or everything else", and one of the things I say is, that you know, Greece is too small, it's in the wrong end of Europe, and out of the big markets, the German, the French and the English, the only language I could skip..... er..... speak, was English, so I had to come to London.

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to survive - przeżyć, przetrwać, przetrzymać to be able to - móc, potrafić, być w stanie to speak English - mówić po angielsku useful - pożyteczny language - język impossible - niemożliwy to run - prowadzić (np. biznes) airline - linia lotnicza the UK (=The United Kingdom) - Zjednoczone Królestwo limitation - ograniczenie ability - zdolność, umiejętność to communicate - komunikować się customer - klient in fact - w rzeczy samej, de facto to come from Greece - pochodzić z Grecji end - tu: kraniec, kres uzupełnij zdania:

1. The knowledge of English helped him to survive (in, at, with) business. 2. He (ran, run, runs) a successful business a few years ago. 3. He would not be able to communicate with customers if he (would not,

could not, did not) know English. odpowiedzi:

1. in 2. ran 3. did not

Lesson 7 How do I link my thoughts together? Patrice: I have to use English a lot in my job and I often have to explain ideas

to people, so I would like to learn interesting ways of linking my thoughts together in English. Often I think I am just saying one thing and then another and I realize that this can be boring for people listening to me. Do you have any suggestions for me?

Stelios Haji-Ioannou:

And in fact, when people ask me, “Do you ... I mean, you come from Greece - why didn't you start the airline in Greece" or „Why didn't you go to France or Germany or everything else", and one of the things I say is, that you know, Greece is too small, it's in the wrong end of Europe, and out of the big markets, the German, the

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French and the English, the only language I could skip..... er..... speak, was English, so I had to come to London

to link - łączyć thought - myśl to use - używać job - praca to explain - wyjaśniać idea - pomysł, idea another - inny, drugi to realize - zdawać sobie sprawę boring - nudny to listen - słuchać suggestion - sugestia in fact - w rzeczy samej, de facto to come from Greece - pochodzić z Grecji end - tu: kraniec, kres to speak English - mówić po angielsku uzupełnij zdania:

1. I use English a lot (in, at, within) my job. 2. I would like to learn interesting ways (to, of, by) linking my thoughts

together in English. 3. I sometimes ask (me, my, myself) why I want to do it and my answer is

that I find English very useful. odpowiedzi:

1. in 2. of 3. myself

Lesson 8 How do I learn words that go together?

Leonid: My teacher tells me that it is very important for me to learn natural English phrases and expressions. But when I try to speak English, and use such phrases, it is very difficult for me to know which words go together. I think in English there are many thousands of these expressions. Can you give me some advice on how to learn them?

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to go together - iść w parze phrase - fraza, zwrot expression - wyrażenie to try - próbować to speak - mówić to use - używać to know - znać, wiedzieć thousand - tysiąc advice - rada to learn - uczyć się uzupełnij zdania:

1. It is very important to learn natural English phrases and (impressions, expressions, compressions).

2. But it is difficult to know which words (go, run, match) together in English.

3. Could you give me some (advise, adviser, advice) on how to learn them? odpowiedzi:

1. expressions 2. go 3. advice

Lesson 9 Let’s find more opposites

Bjork: I've always thought of ‘Debut’ and ’Post’ as twins, and that's why I've called them ‘Debut’, which is before, and ‘Post’, which is after - sort of before and after my little lesson, and I think after this I will move on to, sort of, quite, sort of, different things, but the concept with both ‘Debut’ and ‘Post’ is a week in a life of a normal person, and all the ups and downs you have in one week which you can't plan - so that's why I wanted the songs on both ‘Debut’ and ‘Post’ to be completely different from each other, and to kind of represent that you just... you can't plan your life, and you're not supposed to. You're supposed to just enjoy it to the maximum and take it as it comes sort of thing.

opposites - tu: słowa o przeciwnym znaczeniu, antonimy twins - bliźniaki to call - tu: nazywać sort of… - jakiś… (wtręt w rozmowie, który nic nie

znaczy)

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before - przedtem after - po to move on to - przejść do czegoś innego, zająć się czymś

innym week - tydzień life - życie ups and downs - sukcesy i porażki, wzloty i upadki song - piosenka both - oba, obie, oboje to be different from each other - różnić się od siebie you’re supposed to do sth - powinieneś, masz coś zrobić to enjoy - cieszyć się (czymś), lubić coś, czerpać z

czegoś przyjemność take it as it comes - (o życiu) bierz je takim, jakie jest uzupełnij zdania:

1. Life is full of ups and (downers, downs, down). 2. Take it (like, as, is) it comes. 3. I know all the ins and (inns, out, outs) of her problems.

odpowiedzi:

1. downs 2. as 3. outs

Lesson 10 What are the fillers? Muhammed: When I listen to native speakers, I notice that sometimes

they are not totally fluent and often they stop and think about their words. But when they do this, they use lots of small words to help them. I would like to learn how to use these small words, because I think they will be very helpful for me, but my problem is that I cannot hear them exactly. Can you help to explain the use of these small words for me?

Madonna: Umm… it was really, kind of a mark for the end of the year

and… um… you know, it sort of, went part and parcel with the tour.

filler - wypełniacz, coś co wypełnia lukę to listen - słuchać

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native speaker (of English) - osoba, której językiem ojczystym jest angielski

to notice - zauważyć fluent - płynny to think - myśleć to use - używać to help - pomagać to learn - uczyć się helpful - użyteczny, pomocny to hear - słyszeć exactly - dokładnie to explain - wyjaśniać use - użycie mark - znak it went part and parcel with the tour - był zasadniczą częścią tournee uzupełnij zdania:

1. Small words that we use to fill the gaps in the conversation are called (fills, fillers, fullers).

2. When you speak English fluently, you are fluent (in, at, with) it. 3. The knowledge of English is part and (packet, package, parcel) of my

job. odpowiedzi:

1. fillers 2. in 3. parcel

Lesson 11 How do I use the fillers? Interviewer: And why did you actually decide to put the album out anyway?

Was it a record company decision or was it just:’ I’ve reached that time in my life, I’ll put out another one?’

Madonna: Umm… it was really kind of a mark for the end of the year and um… you know, it sort of went part and parcel with the tour.

Interviewer: Yeah. Madonna: which is kind of … it was a com … the tour was really um a

celebration of my … pretty much my last three records and what I’ve been doing over the last… since I did ‘Evita’, really.

Interviewer: Yeah. to use - używać filler - wypełniacz, coś co wypełnia lukę

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to put out an album - wydać album record company - wytwórnia płyt decision - decyzja to reach - tu: osiągnąć time - okres life - życie mark - znak it went part and parcel with the tour - był zasadniczą częścią tournee celebration - świętowanie, obchody, uczczenie

czegoś

uzupełnij zdania: 1. When an album is released it is put (away, out, outside). 2. Madonna’s album was part and parcel of her tour; it was an (unimportant,

essential, irrelevant) part of it. 3. People who make records work for a record (firm, company, corporation).

odpowiedzi:

1. out 2. essential 3. company

Lesson 12 How do I make my English more memorable? Lydia: Yes, I have often noticed how good speakers are able to make

phrases that sound, how can I say, memorable. You know, they use language in a more of an artistic way, especially politicians and leaders, when they speak.

Kofi Anan: It is a much tougher sale out there, in a world where half of our fellow human beings struggle to survive on less than $2.00 a day. Try to imagine what globalization can possibly mean to half of humanity that has never made, or received, a phone call. The simple fact of the matter is this: if we cannot make globalization work for all, in the end it will work for none.

memorable - tu: godny zapamiętania, łatwy do

zapamiętania, wpadający w ucho; również: pamiętny, niezapomniany to notice - zauważać phrase - fraza, zwrot to sound - brzmieć politician - polityk

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leader - przywódca tough - tu: trudny, ciężki sale - sprzedaż out there - tam; tu chodzi o kraje Trzeciego Świata world - świat fellow human being - bliźni, bratnia istota ludzka to struggle - walczyć, zmagać się, męczyć się to survive - przeżyć, wyżyć less than - mniej niż to try - próbować to imagine - wyobrażać sobie to mean - znaczyć humanity - ludzkość phone call - telefon (w sensie: rozmowa telefoniczna) to make a phone call - zadzwonić do kogoś, wykonać telefon,

zatelefonować to receive a phone call - dostać/odebrać od kogoś telefon (kiedy ktoś

dzwoni do ciebie) the simple fact of the matter is - rzecz polega po prostu na tym to work for - tu: służyć czemuś/komuś; przynosić korzyści none - nikt, nic, żaden objaśnienia: it is a much tougher sale out there – chodzi o to, że ideę globalizacji znacznie trudniej jest ‘sprzedać’ w krajach ubogich uzupełnij zdania:

1. If a phrase is worth remembering or easy to remember, it is (memorable, forgettable, unremarkable).

2. Half of our fellow human beings struggle to survive (at, on, about) less than $2 a day.

3. Globalization must work (to, for, from) everyone. odpowiedzi:

1. memorable 2. on 3. for

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Lesson 13 What kind of rhetorical devices do I use? Kofi Anan:

It is a much tougher sale out there, in a world where half of our fellow human beings struggle to survive on less than $2.00 a day. Try to imagine what globalization can possibly mean to half of humanity that has never made, or received, a phone call. The simple fact of the matter is this: if we cannot make globalization work for all, in the end it will work for none.

tough - tu: trudny, ciężki sale - sprzedaż out there - tam; tu chodzi o kraje Trzeciego Świata world - świat fellow human being - bliźni, bratnia istota ludzka to struggle - walczyć, zmagać się, męczyć się to survive - przeżyć, wyżyć less than - mniej niż to try - próbować to imagine - wyobrażać sobie to mean - znaczyć humanity - ludzkość phone call - telefon (w sensie: rozmowa telefoniczna) to make a phone call - zadzwonić do kogoś, wykonać telefon,

zatelefonować to receive a phone call - dostać od kogoś telefon (kiedy ktoś dzwoni do

ciebie) the simple fact of the matter is - rzecz polega po prostu na tym to work for - tu: służyć czemuś/komuś; przynosić korzyści none - nikt, nic, żaden objaśnienia: it is a much tougher sale out there – chodzi o to, że ideę globalizacji znacznie trudniej jest ‘sprzedać’ w krajach Trzeciego Świata uzupełnij zdania:

1. It is not easy to survive (at, on, about) $2.00 a day. 2. When you phone somebody, you (do, make, try) a phone call. 3. When somebody calls you, you (receipt, receive, receiver) a phone call

from them.

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odpowiedzi:

1. on 2. make 3. receive

Lesson 14 How can I correct myself? Sunil: People tell me that I speak English to a pretty high standard,

but I still don’t think I could describe myself as a fluent speaker. And I think the real reason for this is that I feel really embarrassed about making mistakes when I speak English. I know I shouldn’t do this, I know that native speakers also make plenty of mistakes, but I just can’t help myself.

Interviewer: And tell me about the difference that an Oscar makes. You’ve talked about recognition.

Juliette Binoche: It means a lot, you know, especially being a foreigner, you know, it doesn’t happen that often. And also it’s is my first movie since ‘The English Patient’, so I feels – I feel blessed in a way. But, erm… I’m not… erm… trying to analysis it – how do you say? – analyze this …er… because you know it’s… I’m making these films and then afterwards I don’t know whether it’s a good one or not, but I try my best, that’s the only thing I know.

to correct - poprawiać pretty high - całkiem/dość wysoki to describe - opisać fluent - płynny (w mowie) speaker - mówca reason - powód embarrassed - zażenowany to make a mistake - zrobić błąd native speaker - tu: osoba, dla której angielski jest językiem

ojczystym plenty - mnóstwo I can’t help myself - tu: nie mogę się powstrzymać to make a difference - zrobić różnicę (wywrzeć duży wpływ)

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recognition - uznanie to mean - znaczyć, mieć na myśli foreigner - cudzoziemiec to happen - zdarzać się, wydarzać movie - film to feel - czuć blessed - błogosławiony, tu: wyróżniony, obdarowany in a way - w jakiś sposób to analyze - analizować analysis - analiza afterwards - później I try my best - dokładam wszelkich starań; robię, co w mojej mocy uzupełnij zdania:

1. I speak English (at, to, with) a pretty high standard. 2. I hope I’m a fairly (fluent, fluency, flowing) speaker. 3. But I feel embarrassed about (make, making, having made) mistakes.

odpowiedzi:

1. to 2. fluent 3. making

Lesson 15 How can I help myself?

Interviewer: And tell me about the difference that an Oscar makes. You’ve talked about recognition.

Juliette Binoche: It means a lot, you know, especially being a foreigner, you know, it doesn’t happen that often. And also it’s is my first movie since ‘The English Patient’, so I feels – I feel blessed in a way. But …erm… I’m not… erm… trying to analysis it – how do you say? – analyze this …er… because you know it’s… I’m making these films and then afterwards I don’t know whether it’s a good one or not, but I try my best, that’s the only thing I know.

to make a difference - zrobić różnicę (wywrzeć duży wpływ) recognition - uznanie

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to mean - znaczyć, mieć na myśli foreigner - cudzoziemiec to happen - zdarzać się, wydarzać movie - film to feel - czuć blessed - błogosławiony, tu: wyróżniony, zaszczycony in a way - w jakiś sposób to analyze - analizować analysis - analiza afterwards - później I try my best - dokładam wszelkich starań; robię, co w mojej mocy uzupełnij zdania:

1. Getting an Oscar (does, creates, makes) a big difference to an actor. 2. Always try your (good, better, best). 3. Let’s (analyze, analysis, analyzed) what went wrong.

odpowiedzi:

1. makes 2. best 3. analyze

Lesson 16 How can I be more creative in English? Jan: I work in the advertising business and I think that I am a creative

person, but when I speak English I find it very difficult to be creative with the language. When I listen to native speakers, I notice that they often use images or maybe metaphors, which helps to make their speech more dynamic and interesting. I’m worried that when I meet with customers, they will think I am a boring and not a creative person. Do you have any advice for me?

Kylie Minogue:

It is… slightly odd. I mean, I do feel that I’m part of the British music industry, so I’m.. my heart, my… you know…the basis of me is Aussie through and through. I mean, my roots are Australian, my branches have been influenced by living here for over ten years.

creative - twórczy, kreatywny advertising - reklama, reklamowanie language - język native speaker - tu: osoba, dla której angielski jest językiem

ojczystym

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to notice - zauważać image - obraz, imaż metaphor - metafora to help - pomagać speech - mowa to worry - martwić się, niepokoić to meet - spotykać customer - klient boring - nudny advice - rada slightly - nieco odd - dziwny, dziwne to feel - czuć part - część industry - przemysł heart - serce basis - baza, podstawa Aussie (=Australian) - australijski through and through - na wskroś, do cna root - korzeń branch - gałąź to influence - wywierać wpływ to live - żyć uzupełnij zdania:

1. If you are not creative, you are (in, un, dis)creative. 2. Metaphor is an imaginative way of showing that two things have

(different, the same, opposite) qualities. 3. Use metaphors if you want to sound creative, this is my (advice, advise,

advised). odpowiedzi:

1. un 2. the same 3. advice

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Lesson 17 How do I learn to use metaphors? Kylie Minogue:

It is… slightly odd. I mean, I do feel that I’m part of the British music industry, so I’m.. my heart, my… you know…the basis of me is Aussie through and through. I mean, my roots are Australian, my branches have been influenced by living here for over ten years.

metaphor - metafora slightly - nieco odd - dziwny, dziwne to feel - czuć part - część industry - przemysł heart - serce basis - baza, podstawa Aussie (=Australian) - australijski through and through - na wskroś, do cna root - korzeń branch - gałąź to influence - wywierać wpływ to live - żyć uzupełnij zdania:

1. When something is slightly odd, it’s slightly (strange, uneven, ordinary). 2. I’m Polish through and (thorough, through, thoroughly). 3. Although I (have, has, had) lived in England for over ten years.

odpowiedzi:

1. strange 2. through 3. have

Lesson 18 How do I take part in a discussion? Fatima: I often have to attend fairly formal business meetings, where the

only language is English. This is not a problem for me, except for when I want to interrupt or break into the discussion or express my

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opinion. When I do this I always feel that I am being rude, so I am reluctant to do this.

Edward Said:

Do you think that education plays a great role in emphasizing, rather than minimizing, differences? I think most systems of education are basically nationalist.

Luigi Cavalli-Sforza:

I think, I think this is a very good point, and I think you’re basically right. Eh, I also believe that fortunately there’s a change in this attitude, although we are… we’ve all been brought up with the nationalists.

to take part - brać udział to attend - być obecnym, uczestniczyć, uczęszczać formal - formalny meeting - spotkanie, zebranie language - język to interrupt - przerywać to break into - tu: włączyć się (np. do dyskusji) to express - wyrażać to feel - czuć rude - niegrzeczny, nieuprzejmy reluctant - niechętny education - edukacja to play a role - odgrywać rolę to emphasize - podkreślać, dodawać emfazy to minimize - minimalizować difference - różnica nationalist - narodowiec, nacjonalista, narodowościowy,

nacjonalistyczny point - tu: argument, uwaga basically - w zasadzie to believe - wierzyć fortunately - na szczęście change - zmiana attitude - postawa, nastawienie to bring up - wychowywać uzupełnij zdania:

1. I have to (attend, take part, be present) many formal meetings. 2. Sometimes I don’t know how to break (in, into, within) the discussion.

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3. I don’t know how to (say, declare, express) my opinion without sounding rude.

odpowiedzi:

1. attend 2. into 3. express

Lesson 19 How do I express my opinion? Luigi Cavalli-Sforza: Well, when I was a child in Italy, I was …… there was fascism and

I can tell you, it was very nationalist, I received a very nationalist education. It didn’t disappear in most of the world, and…., but there are many good signs. I would think that what is most important is to remember what I think it’s Spinoza, said, that “intolerance shouldn’t, absolutely not be tolerated”!

express - wyrażać nationalist - narodowiec, nacjonalista, narodowościowy,

nacjonalistyczny education - edukacja to receive - otrzymywać, odbierać to disappear - znikać world - świat sign - znak to remember - pamiętać to tolerate - tolerować uzupełnij zdania:

1. What role does nationalism (entertain, play, participate) in education? 2. I think you’ve (done, made, said) a very good point. 3. When I lived in Poland, I (obtain, received, given) very good education.

odpowiedzi: 1. play 2. made 3. received

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Lesson 20 How do I put my points across more strongly? Piotr: Yes. Well, I would say that I am, you know, a fairly fluent speaker of

English. But what I’d really like to do when I speak is to put my points across more strongly, you know, to make a bigger impression. I have the feeling that if I’m, like, with native speakers, people pay more attention to them. It’s hard for me to, you know, be persuasive, and that’s a really important thing.

Imman Somali women don’t wear veils. Erm… We have our own traditional

clothes. We cover our head, but definitely, it’s not a veil. So we’ve never worn veils, I’ve never worn a veil, my mother has not worn a veil…

to put across - tu: przekazać point - opinia, argument, punkt widzenia strongly - mocno, dobitnie fairly fluent speaker of English - osoba dość płynnie mówiąca po

angielsku to make a bigger impression - zrobić większe wrażenie feeling - odczucie native speaker - osoba, dla której dany język jest

językiem ojczystym to pay attention - zwracać uwagę hard - tu: trudno persuasive - przekonujący, przekonywujący, tu też:

elokwentny veil - welon, woalka, tu: czador traditional clothes - tradycyjny strój to cover - zakrywać head - głowa to wear - nosić/zakładać (coś), ubierać się (w

coś) uzupełnij zdania:

1. I would like to know how to put my points (away, across, above) more strongly, when I speak.

2. I would like to be more persuasive and (do, cause, make) a bigger impression.

3. I would like people to (pay, spend, save) more attention to what I’m saying.

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odpowiedzi:

1. across 2. make 3. pay

Lesson 21 So, how do I put across my points then?

Imman: For one thing, let me make it very clear, Somalia is… is a Muslim country, 100% Muslim country, but we also have a very strong cultural identity. Somali women don’t wear veils. Erm… We have our own traditional clothes. We cover our head, but definitely, it’s not a veil. So we’ve never worn veils, I’ve never worn a veil, my mother has not worn a veil, so that was not the issue. The issue that my parents had with me and my choice of profession was that they thought it was beneath me. They thought that I should have had a higher calling, that I should have gone into politics. And they were just purely, simply disappointed in me. So, is …it was just the choice of profession that I chose that they were not happy with.

to put across - tu: przekazać point - opinia, argument, punkt widzenia to make sth clear - wyjaśnić coś Muslim - Muzułmanin, muzułmański identity - tożsamość to wear - nosić/zakładać (coś), ubierać się (w

coś) veil - welon, woal, tu: czador issue - sprawa, kwestia, tu: kwestia sporna parents - rodzice choice - wybór profession - zawód, profesja beneath - niżej, poniżej a higher calling - wyższy cel, powołanie do wyższych

rzeczy to go into politics - zająć się polityką, robić karierę w

polityce

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purely - wyłącznie simply - po prostu purely and simply - tylko i wyłącznie, po prostu,

najzwyczajniej disappointed - rozczarowany uzupełnij zdania:

1. I (have, has, had) never worn a veil in my life. 2. My parents thought that I should have gone (to, in, into) politics. 3. They thought that modeling was (beneath, under, underneath) me.

odpowiedzi:

1. have 2. into 3. beneath

Lesson 22 How do I put together an argument in a clear logical way? Rita: When I speak my own language, I find it very easy to express my opinions

and – how do you say? - put together an argument, you know, in a clear logical way. But in English I find this much more difficult to do. What kind of techniques are there to help me to do this?

to put together - składać (w całość), przedstawiać argument - tu: argument, argumentacja, dyskusja,

polemika clear - wyraźny, przejrzysty logical - logiczny way - droga, sposób to speak - mówić language - język to find - znajdować, tu: sądzić, uważać to express opinions - wyrażać opinie to help - pomagać uzupełnij zdania:

1. When I speak my own language, I find it easy to (make, express, say) my opinions.

2. But in a foreign language it is difficult to do it in a (clean, sheer, clear) and logical way.

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3. I would like to know how to (put, set, lay) together an argument in the best possible way.

odpowiedzi:

1. express 2. clear 3. put

Lesson 23 How do I use repetitions, examples and comparisons? Edgardo Codesal: Referees are human beings and I was in the middle of the

pitch and I know very well that’s, it’s almost impossible to see everything, everything. Sometimes your eyes make the mistake and confuse you because the things happen so fast. Unfortunately, we can’t understand… we don’t want to understand that the referee’s mistake is part of the game like the mistake from the players and other people are involved in the game. We need to be more human with the referees.

to use - używać, stosować repetition - powtórzenie example - przykład comparison - porównanie referee - sędzia human being - istota ludzka in the middle of - w środku (czegoś) pitch - boisko eye - oko to make a mistake - zrobić błąd to happen - zdarzać się fast - szybko unfortunately - niestety to understand - rozumieć part - część game - gra, mecz player - tu: piłkarz to be involved - być zaangażowanym to need - potrzebować

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uzupełnij zdania:

1. Referees are (humane, human, humans) beings. 2. Sometimes they (make, do, perform) mistakes, too. 3. But things happen so (fast, faster, fastly) on the pitch, don’t they?

odpowiedzi:

1. human 2. make 3. fast

Lesson 24 Do I need to be aware of different communication styles? Mitali: Now that I’m working in England, I am often worried about the way I

appear to my colleagues in the office. My problem is that in my country we like to speak very directly about subjects, but I have the feeling that in England this is not so. I would like to know if other people have similar experiences to this.

Ang Lee: For the Chinese… you tell people what you want to do. Nobody discusses it with you. And I grew up in such a way that I was taking orders all my life until I was old enough to give orders. So to communicate with actors... wasn’t really my thing.

aware - zdający sobie sprawę, świadomy

(czegoś) different - różny, odmienny communication style - styl komunikowania się to work - pracować worried - zmartwiony, zaniepokojony to appear - wydawać się, jawić, pokazywać colleague - kolega office - biuro country - kraj to speak - mówić directly - bezpośrednio subject - przedmiot, temat (np. rozmowy) feeling - tu: odczucie, wrażenie experience - doświadczenie the Chinese - Chińczycy to tell - mówić, powiedzieć, kazać

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to want - chcieć to discuss - przedyskutować to grow up - dorastać in such a way - w taki sposób to take orders - przyjmować od kogoś rozkazy to give orders - wydawać rozkazy to communicate - komunikować się (it) wasn’t really my thing - (to) nie było w moim stylu uzupełnij zdania:

1. The opposite of ‘directly’ is (un, in, non)directly. 2. When other people tell you what to do, you (take, give, hold) orders

from them. 3. When you tell other people what to do, you (make, do, give) orders.

odpowiedzi:

1. in 2. take 3. give

Lesson 25 Shall I be direct or try a bit of bullshitting?

Ang Lee: And I like even to this day, I like to be, direct with… I think that’s the most efficient way dealing with actor, even though sometimes it can be painful, it seems brutal, but it’s effective, it’s less bullshit. Wak Choi in fact, he spent two months of his own time practising swordsmanship. He hired a coach and did something and put it on tape, proudly showed it to me, and I said “It sucks, and it’s not what I want”. It really hurt him - but it’s very effective, you know.

A typical, like after a take, “Oh, that was great, erm, blah, blah, blah,

blah, blah” and ‘’How about… let’s try something else”. That’s not on, a lot of the time that’s bullshit. But I do more and more of that these days, because I get more sophisticated language, in English, and I work with more movie stars.

direct - bezpośredni, obcesowy to try - próbować bullshitting - wciskanie ‘kitu’, plecenie bzdur, nonsensów efficient - wydajny, skuteczny to deal with sb - tu: mieć do czynienia (z kimś) painful - bolesny

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to seem - zdawać się, wydawać brutal - brutalny bullshit - ‘kit’, bzdura, nonsens in fact - w rzeczy samej, de facto to spend - spędzać to practise - ćwiczyć, praktykować swordmanship - fechtunek, sztuka władania bronią białą to hire - wynająć coach - trener, nauczyciel, mistrz he put it on tape - tu: nagrał na taśmę proudly - dumnie it sucks! - to do chrzanu! to hurt - tu: zranić kogoś effective - skuteczny take - tu: kadr blah, blah, blah - (pleść trzy po trzy) ple ple ple; również: i tak

dalej something else - coś innego that’s not on! - tu: tak nie można! sophisticated - wytworny, wyrobiony, zaawansowany, na

wysokim poziomie, z klasą to work - pracować movie star - gwiazda kina uzupełnij zdania:

1. When you definitely don’t like something, you can say, informally: “It (sacks, sucks, sax).

2. When you say things which are not true in order to deceive or please somebody, you (bull, shit, bullshit) them.

3. When you English is advanced, fluent and elegant, you can say that it is (sophistication, sophisticate, sophisticated).

odpowiedzi:

1. sucks 2. bullshit 3. sophisticated