BestAvailableTechniquesforWasteIncinera7on

LigheaSpeziale

16June2016,Ro6erdam 8thCEWEPWaste-to-EnergyCongress2016 1

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Acronyms

TableofContents

Ø LegalFramework

Ø Howdoesthereviewwork?

Ø CriIcalaspectsoftheBREFWIReview

Ø Currentstatus

Ø CalibraIonstandard

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TableofContents

Ø LegalFramework

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LegalFrameworkIPPC (1996)

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (96/61/EC)

WID 2000 2nd Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC )

IED (2010) (2010/75/EU)

5 other directives 5 other

directives 5 other

directives 4 other

directives

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•  prevent and, if not feasible, reduce pollution •  high level of protection for the environment as a whole •  Permits of plants based on Best Available Techniques (BAT)

BAT are determined by a Technical Working Group steered by the JRC (EIPPCB) and documented in BREFs

‘BAT conclusions’ are secondary legislation

LCP (2001) Large Combustion Plants (2001/80/EC)

Revised BAT conclusions are the reference for setting/updating permit conditions (within four years from the publication)

“Permits to contain emission limit values (ELVs) to ensure that, under normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs)”

Changesinthelegalframework

BAT Conclusions

Permit of WtE plant

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TableofContentsØ Howdoesthereviewwork?

The “Sevilla process”: a complex consensus-building exchange of information with numerous stakeholders

and underpinned by sound techno-economic information that has been enshrined into law by:

Commission Implementing Decision 2012/119/EU

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Forum members: •  guidance to COM •  nominate in TWGs •  formal opinion on BREFs

BREF authors team: •  lead TWGs •  validate/check information •  draft BREFs

TWG members: •  research information •  peer review draft BREFs

Members of the Committee: •  vote the BAT conclusions

CEWEP represented in the WI BREF TWG by 9 people, from the secretariat and the members (Itad, BW2E, Utilitalia, SVDU, Avfall Sverige)

Howdoesthereviewwork?

European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)

Technical Working Group (TWG)

•  Industry •  Member States

•  NGOs •  Commission

‘Forum’ (IED Article 13) lead by the Commission: industry, Member States, environmental NGOs

EU Member States Committee (IED Article 75)

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Industry EU Member States

+ EFTA and Accession Countries

Environmental NGOs European Commission/

EIPPCB

The‘Sevillaprocess’

Bulk of info. needed (incl. questionnaires)

Comments

BREF

•  Forum opinion on BREF •  Adoption of BAT

conclusions through the IED Art. 75 Committee

* D2 optional Total duration: •  24 – 29 months (without D2) •  29 – 39 months (with D2)

TWG Kick off Meeting

Draft 1 (D1)

Draft 2 (D2)*

Final TWG Meeting

Final draft BAT Conclu

sions BAT Conclusions

Howdoesthereviewwork?

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•  Participants: experts from CEWEP and ESWET members

•  Chairs: Ella Stengler (CEWEP) and Edmund Fleck (MARTIN/ESWET)

•  Observers: FEAD and Municipal Waste Europe (MWE)

•  Regarding critical issues: JWG makes proposals which will be formally approved by the board of each association

CEWEP is involved in the Review as member of the TWG. The preparation for the work is developed within CEWEP – ESWET Joint Working Group (JWG) on BREF WI

Howdoesthereviewwork?

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TableofContents

Ø CriIcalaspectsoftheBREFWIReview

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BREFsreferonlytoEUlegisla7onbuttheyaredraJedfromdatadeliveredwithna7onal/regionalrules

TheBREFsmustbedrawnupEXCLUSIVELYincompliancewiththeEUregula7on*

And to make it more complicated… It is crucial to identify the national rules which may affect the nature of the data collected, e.g.: •  How some data can be discarded from the yearly set in some MS •  How is the confidence interval deducted •  How are the Limits of Detection/Quantification taken into account •  How is compliance checked (column A or B, 4-hr/60-hr counter…)

The experts involved in the review must clear their mind and disregard their national implementation rules

12*IED 2010/75/EU), Guidance (Annex to Decision 2012/119/EU), Monitoring ref. report (Revised final draft 2/2015)

Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview1/

IEDGeneralregime:complianceinNormalOpera7ngCondi7ons(NOC)

IED does not define NOC nor OTNOC (Other Than Normal Operating Conditions) but gives examples of OTNOCs.

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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview2/

IED special regime for incineration: compliance in Effective Operating Time (EOT)

VS

IEDGeneralregime:►  ComplianceofemissionstoairassessedinNormalOpera7ng

Condi7ons(NOC)•  IED,ArIcle15:“Thecompetentauthorityshallsetemissionlimitvaluesthatensurethat,undernormaloperaIng

condiIons,emissionsdonotexceedtheemissionlevelsassociatedwiththebestavailabletechniquesaslaiddowninthedecisionsonBATconclusionsreferredtoinArIcle13(5)…”

►  BAT-AELsdefinedinNormalOpera7ngCondi7ons(NOC)•  ArIcle3.13defines:“emissionlevelsassociatedwiththebestavailabletechniques'as'therangeofemissionlevelsobtained

undernormaloperaIngcondiIonsusingabestavailabletechniqueoracombinaIonofbestavailabletechniques,expressedasanaverageoveragivenperiodofIme,underspecifiedreferencecondiIons”.

IED does not define NOC nor OTNOC (Other Than Normal Operating Conditions) but gives examples of OTNOCs.

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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview2/

EOT

All½-hrand10-minvalues*mustbecalculatedandcomplywithELVswithintheEffec7veOpera7ngTime(EOT)(AnnexVI,Part8,§1.2)“1.2.Thehalf-hourlyaveragevaluesandthe10-minuteaveragesshallbedeterminedwithintheeffec7veopera7ng7me(excludingthestart-upandshut-downperiodsifnowasteisbeingincinerated)(…)”

ü  IEDdoesnotdefineEOT* By default, daily average values must comply with ELVs within EOT too Indeed Annex VI, Part 8, §1.2 adds: “The daily average values shall be determined from those validated average values.” (i.e. from the ½-hr values)

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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview2/

IED special regime for incineration:

NOC

FutureBAT-AELsmustbehigherthanformerBAT-AELs

Set limits in the permits that do not exceed the BATAELs - Art. 15.3 of IED

IPPC IED

LIMIT according to WID 2000 The same values became Max ELVs (“Safety net”)

(mg/Nm3)

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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview3/

IPPC-BATAELs = Typical LEVELS obtained in

operation when using BATs

IED-BATAELs = Ceiling for the ELVs set out in permits

New ceiling for permits

FormerBATAELsaretypicalvaluesmeasuredinopera7on

BATAEL (= LEVELs) Range according to 1st BREF

(IPPC regime)

mg/m3

0

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Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview3/

Maximal ELV (LIMIT) according to IED

Range of OBSERVED TYPICAL values (LEVELs)

FormerBATAELsarenotconsistentwithIED

BATAEL Range according to

1st BREF (IPPC regime)

mg/m3

0

Range of OBSERVED AVERAGE values (LEVELs)

Maximal ELV (LIMIT) according to IED

Art. 15.3 gives two options with the same results: (a) “ELVs that do not exceed the BATAELs” (b) “ELVs that ensure that the emissions do not exceed the BATAELs” 18

Cri7calaspectsoftheBREFWIReview3/

Under IED: this would become the range of NEW LIMITs (ELV) for the permits

NEWBATAELsmusttakeintoaccountMAXvalues

TableofContents

Ø CurrentstatusoftheReview

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Industry EU Member States

+ EFTA and Accession Countries

Environmental NGOs European Commission/

EIPPCB

Bulk of info. needed (incl. questionnaires)

Comments

BREF

•  Forum opinion on BREF •  Adoption of BAT

conclusions through the IED Art. 75 Committee

* D2 optional Total duration: •  24 – 29 months (without D2) •  29 – 39 months (with D2)

TWG Kick off Meeting

Draft 1 (D1)

Draft 2 (D2)*

Final TWG Meeting

Final draft BAT Conclu

sions BAT Conclusions

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TheSevillaprocess

Currentstatus:Datacollec7onBREFWIdatacollecIonclosedon15thApril2016(about300WIlines)

Austria 4%

Belgium 6%

Czech Republic

0.3%

Denmark 2%

Finland 3%

France 15%

Germany 34%

Italy 10%

Norway 2%

Poland 3%

Portugal 2%

Spain 6%

Sweden 2%

The Netherlands

2%

United Kingdom

9%

SeveralTWGmembers,includingCEWEP,requestedthattheEIPPCBorganiseaworkshopontheprocessingofthedatacollectedinordertoderiveBATconclusionsandBAT-AELs.CEWEPsecretariatwillworkoncheckingandprocessingthedatacollectedinordertohaveamethodologyathandtoderivesoundBAT-AELs.

►  ToexpressBAT-AELsinconcentra7onsasadailyaverageorasanaverageoverthesamplingperioddependingontheavailabilityofconInuousmonitoringforagivenpollutant.

►  SubjecttothedatacollecIon,wherepracIcableandjusIfied,toalsoexpressBAT-AELsinconcentra7onsashalf-hourlyaveragesforthosepollutantsmonitoredconInuously.

►  TogatherinformaIononannualaverageemissionsinordertoupdateChapter3oftheWIBREF,butnottoexpressaddiIonallong-termaverageBAT-AELs(withthepossibleexcepIonofNOXandHg,subjecttodatacollecIon).

Currentstatus:Afewcertain7esDecisionsonBAT–AssociatedEmissionsLevels

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►  Toestablishaclearsystemboundary,includinge.g.definiIonsoftermsandcalculaIonmethodsused►  Tocollectdataondesignenergyrecoveryvaluesoftheplantandonitsactualperformance,includinge.g.presenceofadistrictheaIng/coolingnetwork►  TocollectdataontheenergyconsumpIonofincineraIonplants(e.g.energydemandandcombusIonofsupportfuels).►  TosetBAT-AEPLsforthedesignofnewplantstobeverifiedduringtheperformancetes7ngandtoconsidersecngBAT-AEPLsbasedonactualperformanceforexis7ngplants.

Currentstatus:Afewcertain7esDecisionsonEnergyissues

The requirements on energy in the old BREF will not be used in the revised BREF

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TableofContents

LegalFrameworkHowdoesthereviewwork?CriIcalaspectsoftheBREFWIReviewWherearewe?ThepointofviewoftheoperatorsofWtEplantsinEurope

***ProposalforBATAELsderivaIonStudyonoperaIonaldataØ CalibraIonstandard

Calibra7onstandard

IEDArt.70(3).MonitoringshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithCENstandards[…]

WIplantsareequippedwithAutomatedMeasuringSystems(AMS)thathavetobecalibratedaccordingtoCENstandards.EN14181specifiesproceduresforQualityAssuranceLevels(QAL)forAMS:

►  Aprocedure(QAL2)tocalibratetheAMSanddeterminethevariabilityofthemeasuredvaluesobtainedbyit

►  Aprocedure(QAL3)tomaintainanddemonstratetherequiredqualityofthemeasurementsresults

►  AprocedurefortheAnnualSurveillanceTest(AST)oftheAMStoevaluatethatitfuncIonscorrectlyanditsperformanceremainsvalidandthatitscalibraIonfuncIonandvariabilityremainaspreviouslydetermined.

IEDAnnexVI,Part6.1.2&1.3

QAL2procedureslinktheassessmentoftheAMSperformancewiththe

measureuncertaintyattheleveloftheELVappliedfortheplant.Thefactthat

calibraIonandvariabilityareinfluencedbythevalueoftheELV

meansthatthereisaminimumELVtoavoidthefailureofthemeasurement

equipment.

Calibra7onstandard

BATAEL Range according to

1st BREF (IPPC regime)

mg/m3

0

Range of OBSERVED AVERAGE values (LEVELs)

IED ELV (LIMIT)

NEW LIMITs (ELV) for the permits

AccepIngthatoperaIonalvalues(usuallyverylow,especiallyforWIplants)becomethebasistoset

limitsinthefuturepermitscarrieswithintheriskoffailuretocomply

withmonitoringrequirements.

BATAELs ranges have to be checked by the CEN TC 264 before they are set in the revised BREF WI.

Calibra7onstandard–INERISstudy

CEWEPandotherassociaIonsaskedINERIStoinvesIgatehowcalibraIonstandardsinfluencetheseqngofELVsandhowmuchtheycanbeloweredwithoutcausingmeasuringsystemstofail.Sinceemissionsmeasurementscomewithununcertainty,whichbecomesmoreimportant–asarelaIvevalue–whenthemeasurementsarecloseto0,wecallupondecision-makerstobecauIouswhenchoosingELVswithinthenewly-definedBATAELrangesintheBREFs,becauseloweringELVsrisksfailingcalibraIonofmonitoringinstruments.

KeyMessages

BAT-AELs•  TobederivedinEOT•  Methodtobediscussedwith

theTWGandnotclosedbox•  HavetobesetfromMax

values•  Rangecannotbetoowide

(endlessdiscussions)•  Thelowerendcannotbethe

lowestvaluereported

DataCollec7on•  Largedatabase–virtuallyall

theEUplants•  Nodisregardofoutliers•  CompaIbilitycheckwith

calibraIonstandards

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Survived!

Thankyou!

Questions?