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Beringia: the “Land Bridge” between Asia and America
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Transcript of Beringia: the “Land Bridge” between Asia and America
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Beringia: the “Land Bridge” between Asia and America
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• QUESTION:
– Where did the “Native Americans” come from?
• ANSWER:
– Asia.
The Big Question…
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• QUESTION:
– Why are Native Americans called “Indians?”
• ANSWER:
– Christopher Columbus made a big mistake...but that’s another story for another day…
The Big BoBo…
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a definition: Migration
• MIGRATION: when people or animals move from one place to live in another place…
• Notice:
– Migrate is the root word of immigrate
– Migration is the root word of immigration
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5 Migration Theories
• Two migration theories suggest humans crossed the Pacific Ocean to get to America.
• Two migration theories suggest humans crossed the Atlantic Ocean to get to America.
• One migration theory suggests humans crossed dry land or ice-covered land to get to America.
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• Based on the work of ANTHROPOLOGISTS and by examining the artifacts found by ARCHAEOLOGISTS…the most widely accepted migration theory is the BERINGIA land crossing theory.
BERINGIA
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three definitions:
• ANTHROPOLOGIST: someone who studies people and their culture (the way they live their lives)
• ARCHAEOLOGIST: someone who searches for the ARTIFACTS of the people of the past
• ARTIFACT: anything that was made by a human (tools, weapons, clothes, etc.)
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BERINGIA
• BERINGIA is the term used to describe the area between Siberia (in Asia) and Alaska (in North America).
• The Bering Strait (water) lies between Siberia and Alaska today.
• Anything named “Bering” is named in honor of the Russian explorer, Vitus Bering.
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The Last Ice Age
• c. 35,000 years ago – the last ICE AGE began
– Earth’s temperatures fell
– glacier ice grew larger and thicker
– sea levels fell because water was sucked up and frozen into the glaciers
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Migration
• c. 30,000 years ago – people began to travel back and forth between Asia and America
– probably following animal herds for food
– large numbers of people moving to new places is called MIGRATION
– people who move from place to place are called NOMADS
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Animals of North America at the time of the arrival of humans.
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• c. 15,000 years ago – people began shifting further to the south and east
– moved into what is the present-day USA
– moved through present-day Mexico
– settled as far south as present-day Chile
Migration, con’t
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End of the Last Ice Age
• c. 10,000 years ago – the last Ice Age began to end
– Earth’s temperature began to rise
– climates warmed, vegetation and animals began to change
– glaciers melted and sea levels rose; BERINGIA was covered with water
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A big discovery…
• c. 9,000 years ago – people living in Central America discovered how to cultivate MAIZE
• MAIZE – corn…
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The effects of MAIZE
• people who cultivated MAIZE provided an abundant food supply for their family group
– encouraged permanent communities
– encouraged the growth in population
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• people changed…
– from hunting and gathering to farming and herding
– from Asian style culture to
“Native American” culture
Native American Cultures
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Native American Cultures
• “empires” grew…Maya, Aztec, Inca, etc.
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Beringia: the“Bridge” between Asia and America