BELGIUM - European Food Safety Authority€¦ · Belgium - 2013 Report on trends and sources of...

BELGIUM

The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC

TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES ANDZOONOTIC AGENTSIN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS ANDFEEDINGSTUFFS

including information on foodborne outbreaks,antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents and somepathogenic microbiological agents.

IN 2013

Belgium - 2013 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Country:

Reporting Year:

Belgium

2013

Laboratory name Description Contribution

FASFC AFSCA FAVV Federal Agency for the Safety of theFood Chain

IPH WIV ISP Scientific Institute of Public Health

VAR CODA CERVA Veterinary and Agrochemical ResearchCentre

ITG Institute of Tropical Medicine

Belgium - 2013


PREFACEThis report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of CouncilDirective 2003/99/ EC*. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food SafetyAuthority (EFSA).

The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in

The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals,foodstuffs and in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data onantimicrobial resistance in some zoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well asinformation on epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Complementary data onsusceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers bothzoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole European Community as well aszoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation.The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategiesapplied in the country. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laiddown by the Community Legislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches areapplied.The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A nationalevaluation of the epidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources ofzoonotic infections, is given. Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs andanimals to zoonoses cases in humans is evaluated.The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report onzoonoses that is published each year by EFSA.

Belgium during the year 2013 .

* Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC andrepealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325, 17.11.2003, p. 31

Belgium - 2013


List of Contents

1 ANIMAL POPULATIONS 12 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 3

42.1 SALMONELLOSIS42.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation42.1.2 Salmonella in foodstuffs

292.1.3 Salmonella in animals502.1.4 Salmonella in feedingstuffs602.1.5 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates

5912.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS5912.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation5922.2.2 Campylobacter in foodstuffs6002.2.3 Campylobacter in animals6012.2.4 Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates6502.3 LISTERIOSIS6502.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation6512.3.2 Listeriosis in humans6522.3.3 Listeria in foodstuffs6672.4 E. COLI INFECTIONS6672.4.1 General evaluation of the national situation6672.4.2 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs6742.4.3 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals6752.5 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES6752.5.1 General evaluation of the national situation6772.5.2 Tuberculosis, mycobacterial diseases in humans6782.5.3 Mycobacterium in animals6832.6 BRUCELLOSIS6832.6.1 General evaluation of the national situation6832.6.2 Brucella in animals6902.7 YERSINIOSIS6902.7.1 General evaluation of the national situation6912.7.2 Yersiniosis in humans6922.7.3 Yersinia in animals6932.8 TRICHINELLOSIS6932.8.1 General evaluation of the national situation6952.8.2 Trichinellosis in humans6962.8.3 Trichinella in animals6992.9 ECHINOCOCCOSIS6992.9.1 General evaluation of the national situation7012.10 TOXOPLASMOSIS7012.10.1 General evaluation of the national situation

Belgium - 2013


7022.11 RABIES7022.11.1 General evaluation of the national situation7042.11.2 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals7062.12 STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION7062.12.1 General evaluation of the national situation7062.12.2 Staphylococcus in foodstuffs7172.12.3 Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus isolates7622.13 Q-FEVER7622.13.1 General evaluation of the national situation7642.14 CYSTICERCOSIS, TAENIOSIS7642.14.1 General evaluation of the national situation7662.15 SARCOCYSTOSIS7662.15.1 General evaluation of the national situation7672.16 WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTIONS7672.16.1 General evaluation of the national situation7672.16.2 West Nile Virus in animals

3 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIAL 7687693.1 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC7693.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation7703.1.2 Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in foodstuffs7713.1.3 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic7853.2 ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC7853.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation7853.2.2 Enterococcus, non-pathogenic in animals7863.2.3 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates

4 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 8068074.1 CRONOBACTER8074.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation8074.1.2 Cronobacter in foodstuffs8094.2 HISTAMINE8094.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation8094.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS8094.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation8094.3.2 Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs

5 FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 810


1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS

The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size andnature of the animal population in the country.

1Belgium - 2013


Sources of informationSANITEL and BELTRACE database of the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain.

Dates the figures relate to and the content of the figuresNumber of animals = number of animals at a certain time point of the year.Number of slaughtered animals = total number of slaughtered animals during the year.

Definitions used for different types of animals, herds, flocks and holdings as well as the typescovered by the information

Holding: any establishment, construction or, in the case of an open-air farm, any place in which animalsare held, kept or handled.The location of the holding is based on the address and the coordinates of the geographical entity. Ageographical entity is a unit of one building or a complex of buildings included grounds and territorieswhere an animal species is or could be hold.

Herd: an animal or group of animals kept on a holding as an epidemiological unit; if more than one herd iskept on a holding, each of these herds shall form a distinct unit and shall have the same health status.

National evaluation of the numbers of susceptible population and trends in these figures

For the last years, there's a decrease in total number of holdings of bovines, porcine, sheep, goats andfarmed deer. The total number of bovine animals remains unchanged what means that the mean totalnumber of animals per holding is increasing. The total number of holdings of porcine, sheep, goats andfarmed deer is also decreasing.

Geographical distribution and size distribution of the herds, flocks and holdingsBelgium can be geographically divided into two regions: the Flemish region situated in the north of thecountry and the Walloon region situated in the south. There's a very dense animal population of bovines,swine and poultry in the Flemish region. The Walloon region is important for his cattle breeding holdings ofthe Belgian Blue White race. The number of porcine and poultry holdings in the Walloon region is ratherlimited.

A. Information on susceptible animal population

2Belgium - 2013


2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS

Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectlybetween animals and humans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections.Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or other biological entities that arelikely to cause zoonoses.

3Belgium - 2013


2.1 SALMONELLOSIS

2.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation

2.1.2 Salmonella in foodstuffs

Monitoring systemSampling strategy

At slaughterhouse and cutting plantA monitoring program in Belgian slaughterhouses and cutting plants was organized by the FASFC.The matrices were carcasses, cuts and meat preparation of broilers. The carcass samples of broilerconsisted of 10g of neck skin. The following contamination levels were analyzed: 25g cutting meat and10g of minced meat of chicken and 1g of chicken carcasses.Sampling was done by a specially trained staff. For most matrices, independent samples were taken permatrix in order to detect a minimal contamination rate of 1% with 95% confidence.

At retailAn annual control program is designed following the strategy as explained in the MANCP.

Frequency of the samplingAt slaughterhouse and cutting plant

Sampling distributed evenly throughout the year

At meat processing plantSampling distributed evenly throughout the year

At retailSampling distributed evenly throughout the year

Type of specimen takenAt slaughterhouse and cutting plant

Neck skin and cutting meat

At meat processing plantMinced meat, sausages, meat and other

At retailMinced meat, sausages, meat and other

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)At slaughterhouse and cutting plant

The matrices were carcasses, cuts and meat preparation of broilers. The carcass samples of broilerconsisted of 10g of neck skin. The following contamination levels were analyzed: 25g cutting meat and10g of minced meat of chicken and 1g of chicken carcasses.

A. Salmonella spp. in broiler meat and products thereof

4Belgium - 2013


At meat processing plantThe samples were about 200 g of meat. The detection of Salmonella has been assessed in 10g or 25g ofsample.

At retailThe presence of Salmonella has been assessed in 25g of sample.

Definition of positive findingAt slaughterhouse and cutting plant

A sample is considered positive in case of detection of Salmonella in the sample.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedAt slaughterhouse and cutting plant

Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002

Control program/mechanismsThe control program/strategies in place

A microbiological control of carcasses and meat of poultry is made with the aim of following the level ofcontamination by Salmonella.

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesIn case of positive findings, no measure is taken face to products which entered normally the food chainexcept for S. enteritidis/typhimurium. But corrective measures must be taken at the level of theslaughterhouse or of the cutting plant by the FBO.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionThe rate of Salmonella contamination of poultry meat observed in 2013 is comparable with the previousyears.

5Belgium - 2013



At slaughterhouse and cutting plantA monitoring program was organized by the FASFC in slaughterhouses and cutting plants.Sampling was done by a specially trained staff. For most matrices, independent samples were taken permatrix in order to evaluate the contamination with 95% confidence.

Frequency of the samplingAt slaughterhouse and cutting plant


At meat processing plantSampling distributed evenly throughout the year


Type of specimen takenAt slaughterhouse and cutting plant

Swabs of carcass

At meat processing plantMinced meat, ham, sausages and other

At retailMeat, minced meat, ham, pate, sausages, meat salads and other

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)At slaughterhouse and cutting plant

The matrices were carcasses, cuts and minced meat of pork. Sampling of pork carcasses was done bymeans of swabs. The following contamination levels were analyzed: 10 g or 25g (cutting, minced meat ofpork) and 600 cm2 (pork carcasses).

At meat processing plantThe samples were more than 200 g of meat. The detection of Salmonella has been assessed in 10g or25g of sample.

At retailThe presence of Salmonella has been assessed in 10g or 25g of sample.



At meat processing plantA sample is considered positive in case of detection of Salmonella in the sample.

At retail

B. Salmonella spp. in pig meat and products thereof

6Belgium - 2013



Diagnostic/analytical methods usedAt slaughterhouse and cutting plant

Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionThe rates of salmonella contamination of carcasses and cutting meat of pig estimated in 2013 werestatistically similar to 2012.

Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as a sourceof infection)

The main serotype found on Salmonella risk farms (fattening pigs), on carcasses and in pig meat isSalmonella Typhimurium.

7Belgium - 2013



At meat processing plantA monitoring program was organized at meat processing plants by the FASFC.

At retailA monitoring program was organized at at retail by the FASFC.

Frequency of the samplingAt meat processing plant



Type of specimen takenAt meat processing plant

Minced meat, sausages and other

At retailMeat, minced meat, pate, sausages, meat salads and other

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)At meat processing plant

The samples were more than 200 g of meat. The detection of Salmonella has been assessed in 10g or25g of sample.

At retailThe presence of Salmonella has been assessed in 10g or 25g of sample.



At meat processing plantA sample is considered positive in case of detection of Salmonella in the sample.

At retailA sample is considered positive in case of detection of Salmonella in the sample.

C. Salmonella spp. in bovine meat and products thereof

8Belgium - 2013



A monitoring program was organized by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain. More than200 Belgian slaughterhouses, more than 100 meat cutting plants and more than 100 retail tradesrepresentative of the Belgian production, were selected for this study. The samples assayed werecarcasses, cuts and minced meat from pork, carcasses, cuts and meat preparation from chicken, layercarcasses, beef minced meat and other foodstuffs. Sampling was done by a specially trained staff of theFederal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain. For most of the matrices, approximately 100 - 300independent samples were taken per matrix in order to detect a minimal contamination rate of 1% with95% confidence. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Virchow andHadar were lysotyped. The antibiotic resistance profiles were determined for all isolates, and includedceftriaxone, ampicillin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin,chloramphenicol and trimethoprim.

Frequency of the samplingMeat samples have been taken every week from the first to the 52nd week.Samples are taken according to the national control program or in the frame of RASFF, complaints orsuspicion.

Type of specimen takenMeat, milk and dairy products and other foods such as eggs, fishery products, ...

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)Sampling of pork carcasses was done by means of swabs. The carcass samples of broiler and layerconsisted of 10g of neck skin. The other samples were about 200g of meat.The detection of Salmonella has been assessed in these dilutions: 25g (cutting and minced meat of pork,chicken cuts and beef), 600 cm2 (pork carcasses), and 1g (chicken and layer carcasses, chicken meatpreparation).

Definition of positive findingA sample is considered to be positive after biochemical confirmation of one Salmonella spp. in the sample.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedFive laboratories licensed by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain and accreditedfollowing ISO 17025 standard analyzed all the samples. The Belgian official method SP-VG-M002 wasused for the detection of Salmonella in 25g, 1g or on swabs: - pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water at 37°C for 16 to 20 h, - selective enrichment on the semi-solid Diassalm medium at 42°C for 24 h, - isolation of positive colonies on XLD at 37°C for 24 h, - confirmation of minimum 2 colonies on TSI at 37°C and miniaturised biochemical tests, - serotyping and lysotyping were done at the National Reference Center for Salmonella and Shigella(NRCSS-IPH) and at the Institute Pasteur, both located in Brussels, respectively. - antibiotic resistance determination by IPH Brussels by disk diffusion method.

Preventive measures in placeControls are made in place by the Federal Agency in case of notification.

Control program/mechanisms

D. Salmonella spp. in food

9Belgium - 2013


The control program/strategies in placeNotification is mandatory since 1/3/2004 (Ministerial Decree on mandatory notification in the food chain of22/1/2004). For Salmonella, absence in 25g in ready-to-eat food putted on the market is mandatory.Laboratories have to inform the Federal Agency in case of a positive sample.

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesMeasures to be taken in the case of a non-compliant result:- Notification of the producer or importer- Possibility of a counter analysis- Destruction of the non compliant batch or single sample- Further investigation: additional sampling, possible recall, RASFF, ...

10Belgium - 2013

11

Belgium - 2013 R

eport on trends and sources of zoonoses

Belgium - 2013

Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof

TRA 200 ObjectivesamplingOfficial

sampling Single 25 Gram 113 3Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh -Processing plant - Surveillance

1)

DIS 819 - DIS821

Objectivesampling

Officialsampling Single 25 Gram 317 10 1

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - Retail -Surveillance

2)


sampling Single 25 Gram 20 0Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation- intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance

DIS 826 ObjectivesamplingOfficial

sampling Single 25 Gram 45 1Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation- intended to be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 37 0Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 46 0Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 34 0Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -raw but intended to be eaten cooked - Processingplant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 36 0Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -raw but intended to be eaten cooked - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 7 2Meat from turkey - fresh - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 16 0Meat from turkey - meat products - raw but intendedto be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

Source ofinformation

Samplingstrategy Sampler Sample type

Sample origin Sampling unit Sampleweight Units tested

Total unitspositive forSalmonella

S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

12

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013


2 1Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh -Processing plant - Surveillance

1)

6 1 2Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - Retail -Surveillance

2)

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation- intended to be eaten cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance

1Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation- intended to be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -cooked, ready-to-eat - Processing plant -Surveillance

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -raw but intended to be eaten cooked - Processingplant - Surveillance

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products -raw but intended to be eaten cooked - Retail -Surveillance

1 1Meat from turkey - fresh - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from turkey - meat products - raw but intendedto be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecifiedS. Albany S. Derby S. Infantis S. Isangi S. Kottbus S. ParatyphiB

13

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013


Comments:1) S. Paratyphi B var.2) 1 sample with S. Paratyphi B var.

14

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products


sampling Single 25 Gram 11 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made fromraw or low heat-treated milk - Processing plant -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 53 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Processingplant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 65 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 49 0Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 45 0Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - milk powderand whey powder - Processing plant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 17 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 19 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made frompasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance

PRI 008 ObjectivesamplingOfficial

sampling Single 25 Gram 20 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made fromraw or low heat-treated milk - Farm - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 84 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

15

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013



sampling Single 25 Gram 78 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 61 0Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 59 0Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 59 0Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 31 0Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 15 0Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Processingplant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 42 0Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 118 0Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 11 0Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

16

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013



sampling Single 25 Gram 13 0Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Processingplant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 50 0Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 92 0Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - butter - madefrom raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 42 0Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - cream - madefrom raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance

PRI 006 - PRI010

Objectivesampling

Officialsampling Single 25 Gram 45 0

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made fromraw or low heat-treated milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Processingplant - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

17

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013


Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - milk powderand whey powder - Processing plant - Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made frompasteurised milk - Processing plant - Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made frompasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made fromraw or low heat-treated milk - Farm - Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from pasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance

Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

18

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013


Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Processing plant -Surveillance

Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance

Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance

Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Processingplant - Surveillance

Cheeses made from goats' milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance

Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from pasteurised milk - Retail - Surveillance

Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance

Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Processingplant - Surveillance

Cheeses made from sheep's milk - unspecified -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Retail -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

19

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013


Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - butter - madefrom raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - cream - madefrom raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance

Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream -made from raw or low heat-treated milk - Farm -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

20

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013

Table Salmonella in other food


sampling Single 25 Gram 118 1 1Eggs - table eggs - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 113 0Egg products - Processing plant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 49 0Fishery products, unspecified - cooked - Processingplant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 53 1Fishery products, unspecified - cooked - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 49 3Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - Processingplant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 46 0Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 45 0Molluscan shellfish - cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 46 0Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 58 0

Foodstuffs intended for special nutritional uses -dried dietary foods for special medical purposesintended for infants below 6 months - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 76 0Infant formula - dried - intended for infants below 6months - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 76 0Juice - vegetable juice - unpasteurised - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 60 0Bakery products - Retail - Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

21

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013



sampling Single 25 Gram 50 0Bakery products - desserts - containing raw eggs -Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 45 0Crustaceans - unspecified - raw - Processing plant -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 46 0Crustaceans - unspecified - raw - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 19 0Egg products - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 91 0Fishery products, unspecified - raw - Retail -Surveillance

IEC 016 ObjectivesamplingOfficial

sampling Single 25 Gram 10 8 2Frogs leg - Border inspection activities - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 45 0Fruits - Farm - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 46 0Fruits - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 57 1Fruits and vegetables - pre-cut - Retail -Surveillance

1)


sampling Single 25 Gram 21 0Infant formula - dried - Processing plant -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 110 0Infant formula - ready-to-eat - Hospital or medicalcare facility - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 59 0Spices and herbs - dried - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 10 0Spices and herbs - fresh - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 15 0Surimi - Border inspection activities - Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

22

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013



sampling Single 25 Gram 45 0Vegetables - Processing plant - Surveillance

DIS 855 - DIS841

Objectivesampling

Officialsampling Single 25 Gram 662 0Vegetables - Retail - Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

Eggs - table eggs - Retail - Surveillance

Egg products - Processing plant - Surveillance

Fishery products, unspecified - cooked - Processingplant - Surveillance

Fishery products, unspecified - cooked - Retail -Surveillance

1 2Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - Processingplant - Surveillance

Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - Retail -Surveillance

Molluscan shellfish - cooked - Processing plant -Surveillance

Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - Retail -Surveillance

Foodstuffs intended for special nutritional uses -dried dietary foods for special medical purposesintended for infants below 6 months - Retail -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

S.Montevideo S. Orientalis

S. ParatyphiB S. Stanley S. Urbana

S.Wandsworth

S.Weltevreden

23

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013


Infant formula - dried - intended for infants below 6months - Retail - Surveillance

Juice - vegetable juice - unpasteurised - Retail -Surveillance

Bakery products - Retail - Surveillance

Bakery products - desserts - containing raw eggs -Retail - Surveillance

Crustaceans - unspecified - raw - Processing plant -Surveillance

Crustaceans - unspecified - raw - Retail -Surveillance

Egg products - Retail - Surveillance

Fishery products, unspecified - raw - Retail -Surveillance

1 1 1 2 1Frogs leg - Border inspection activities - Surveillance

Fruits - Farm - Surveillance

Fruits - Retail - Surveillance

1Fruits and vegetables - pre-cut - Retail -Surveillance

1)

Infant formula - dried - Processing plant -Surveillance

Infant formula - ready-to-eat - Hospital or medicalcare facility - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified



S.Wandsworth

S.Weltevreden

24

Belgium - 2013 R


Belgium - 2013


Comments:1) S. Paratyphi B var Java

Spices and herbs - dried - Retail - Surveillance

Spices and herbs - fresh - Retail - Surveillance

Surimi - Border inspection activities - Surveillance

Vegetables - Processing plant - Surveillance

Vegetables - Retail - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified



S.Wandsworth

S.Weltevreden

25

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Belgium - 2013

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof


sampling Single 25 Gram 62 2 1Meat from pig - fresh - Processing plant -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 58 0Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eatenraw - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 6 0Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to beeaten raw - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 59 1Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to beeaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

1)


sampling Single 25 Gram 42 0Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intendedto be eaten raw - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 24 1Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

2)


sampling Single 25 Gram 4 0Other products of animal origin - gelatin andcollagen - Processing plant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 41 0Other products of animal origin - gelatin andcollagen - Retail - Surveillance

DIS 874 - DIS815

Objectivesampling


Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten raw - Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 47 4 2Meat from bovine animals and pig - meatpreparation - intended to be eaten cooked -Processing plant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 35 1Meat from bovine animals and pig - meatpreparation - intended to be eaten raw - Processingplant - Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

26

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sampling Single 25 Gram 110 0Meat from other animal species or not specified -Retail - Surveillance

TRA 416 -TRA 300

Objectivesampling


Meat from other animal species or not specified -meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processingplant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 46 0Meat from other animal species or not specified -meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 41 0Meat from pig - meat products - fermented sausages- Processing plant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 36 0Meat from pig - meat products - fermented sausages- Retail - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 37 0Meat from pig - meat products - raw ham -Processing plant - Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 46 0Meat from pig - meat products - raw ham - Retail -Surveillance


sampling Single 25 Gram 4 0Other products of animal origin - gelatin andcollagen - Border inspection activities - Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

1Meat from pig - fresh - Processing plant -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecifiedS. 4:i:- S. Derby S. ParatyphiB

27

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Belgium - 2013


Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eatenraw - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to beeaten raw - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to beeaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

1)

Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intendedto be eaten raw - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten cooked - Retail - Surveillance

2)

Other products of animal origin - gelatin andcollagen - Processing plant - Surveillance

Other products of animal origin - gelatin andcollagen - Retail - Surveillance

Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation -intended to be eaten raw - Retail - Surveillance

1 1Meat from bovine animals and pig - meatpreparation - intended to be eaten cooked -Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from bovine animals and pig - meatpreparation - intended to be eaten raw - Processingplant - Surveillance

Meat from other animal species or not specified -Retail - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,


28

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Belgium - 2013


Comments:1) S. Paratyphi B var Java2) S. Paratyphi B var Java

Meat from other animal species or not specified -meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Processingplant - Surveillance

Meat from other animal species or not specified -meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - Retail -Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat products - fermented sausages- Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat products - fermented sausages- Retail - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat products - raw ham -Processing plant - Surveillance

Meat from pig - meat products - raw ham - Retail -Surveillance

Other products of animal origin - gelatin andcollagen - Border inspection activities - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,



2.1.3 Salmonella in animals


Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)Breeding flocks are sampled as day-old chicks, at the age of 4 and 16 weeks and every 2 weeks duringproduction. An official control takes place at 16 weeks, 22 weeks, 46 weeks and 58 or 62 weeks. Aspecific Salmonella control is performed 4 times a year in the hatcheries by the owner.

Frequency of the samplingBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks

Every flock is sampled

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing periodAs day old chicks and at the age of 4 and 16 weeks

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production periodEvery 2 weeks

Type of specimen takenBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks

Internal linings of delivery boxes

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing periodSocks/ boot swabs

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production periodSocks/ boot swabs

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks

At the farm, pieces (5 by 5 cm) of the inner linings of delivery boxes are taken of each flock. 2 samples aretaken, one for the hen-chicks and one for the cock-chicks. Each sample consists of 20 pieces ofinterlining. The two samples are analyzed separately. On voluntary basis, 20 living hen-chicks and 20living cock-chicks are brought to the laboratory for serological testing.The samples have to be taken the day of delivery, the samples have to reach the lab within 24 hours ofsampling.In the hatcheries, pooled samples from dead-in-the-shell chicks and of fluff and meconium, are taken bythe owner every 3 months. These are sent to an accredited laboratory.

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing periodSamples are taken by the owner at 4 weeks and by one of the animal health organizations at 16 weeks,both in accordance with regulation (EU) Nr. 200/2010.

Breeding flocks: Production periodAll samples are taken in accordance with Regulation (EC) Nr. 200/2010.

A. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - breeding flocks

29Belgium - 2013


Case definitionBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks

A sample is considered positive if Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Hadar, Infantis, Virchow orParatyphi B var. Java is isolated. A flock is considered positive as soon as one sample is positive.

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing periodA sample is considered positive if Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Hadar, Infantis, Virchow orParatyhpi B var. Java is isolated. A flock is considered positive as soon as one sample is positive. If thefarmer requests a confirmation sampling, new samples (5 feces and 2 dust samples) are taken by orunder the supervision of the competent authority. The result of the confirmation sampling is binding.

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production periodA sample is considered positive if Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Hadar, Infantis, Virchow orParatyphi B var. Java is isolated. A flock is considered positive as soon as one sample is positive. If thefarmer requests a confirmation sampling, new samples (5 feces and 2 dust samples) are taken by orunder the supervision of the competent authority. The result of the confirmation sampling is binding.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks

Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D in accordance with Regulation (EC) Nr. 200/2010.

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing periodBacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D in accordance with Regulation (EC) Nr. 200/2010.

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production periodBacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D in accordance with Regulation (EC) Nr. 200/2010.

Vaccination policyBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)

Vaccination against Salmonella Enteritidis is compulsory for parent breeding flocks and prohibited forgrand parent flocks. Vaccination against Salmonella Typhimurium is strongly recommended for parentbreeding flocks and prohibited for grandparent flocks.

Other preventive measures than vaccination in placeBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)

All holdings with breeding flocks must implement minimum requirement for infrastructure, management,hygiene and biosecurity.


Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)The national control programme for Salmonella in breeding flocks is based on Regulations (EG) Nrs.2160/2003, 200/2010 and 1177/2006.

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesBreeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)

1) treatment of flock with antimicrobials is forbidden;2) Incubation of hatching eggs is prohibited;3) Incubated hatching eggs are removed and destroyed;4) Not yet incubated hatching eggs may be pasteurized and put on the market for human consumption;5) Positive breeding flocks are slaughtered within the month;6) Cleaning and disinfection of housing after removal of the breeding flock;

30Belgium - 2013


7) After cleaning and disinfection, a hygienogram is performed;8) Sampling of the house (swab control) for the detection of Salmonella;8) A new flock is admitted if Salmonella can not be found after cleaning and disinfection, otherwise thedisinfection and swab control is repeated.

Notification system in placeZoonotic Salmonella is notifiable since the first of January 2004. Notification is done by phone, fax orelectronically to the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain. Laboratories and farmers aresubmitted to the notification.

Results of the investigationSalmonella was not found in day old chicks (317 batches). During rearing (327 flocks), S. Agona, S. Cerro,S. Havana, S. Mbandaka, S. Meleagridis and S. Regent were each found in 1 flock. In addition, 3 flockswere considered negative for Salmonella Typhimurium and one for Salmonella Enteritidis afterconfirmation sampling.During production, of the 551 flocks (grandparent and parent flocks), 2 flocks were positive for S.Enteritidis and 10 flocks were positive for serotypes not included in the programme. In addition, 3 flockswere considered negative for Salmonella Typhimurium after confirmation sampling. These flocks do notcount as positive flocks.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionDuring rearing, the number of positive flocks (all Salmonella spp.) decreased from 6 in 2008 to 3 in 2009,increased to 7 in 2010 after which a decrease is seen to 4 in 2011 and 2012. In 2013, an increase is seento 6 in 2013.During production, the number of positive flocks for Salmonella serotypes for which a target is setfluctuates between 0 and 3 in recent years. In 2013, 2 positive flocks were found. The source of infectioncould not be traced. The number of positive flocks of other serotypes has decreased slightly from 16 in2011 to 12 in 2012 and 10 in 2013. A positive point is the decrease in the number of suspicious flockswhere the presence of Salmonella could not be confirmed from 11 in 2011 tot 6 in 2012 to 3 in 2013.Three serotypes found in breeders (S. Havana, S. Isangi and S. Orientalis) were not found in broilers.


The total number of reported human Salmonella isolates decreased in 2013 to 2.760 (3.164 in 2012) dueto a decrease of both the number of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis cases. S. Agonawas found in compound feed, rearing breeders, breeders during production, rearing layers, layers duringproduction and broilers. S. Idikan was found in coleseed and rapeseed, in breeders, layers and in broilers.S. Isangi was found in breeders and in broiler meat at retail.

31Belgium - 2013



Broiler flocksThe official surveillance program for broilers in accordance with Regulations (EC) Nos 2160/2003 and200/2012 started in 2009. It is compulsory to sample all flocks on farms with a capacity of 200 or morebirds as day-old chicks and in the last three weeks before slaughter.

Frequency of the samplingBroiler flocks: Day-old chicks

Each 'batch' of day-old chicks that enters the farm must be sampled in the hatchery or when arriving onthe farm.

Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farmEvery flock is sampled in the last 3 weeks before slaughter.

Broiler flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)Sampling of caeca at slaughter is distributed evenly throughout the year

Type of specimen takenBroiler flocks: Day-old chicks

Internal linings of delivery boxes or hatcher basket liners

Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farmSocks/ boot swabs

Broiler flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)Organs: caeca

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)Broiler flocks: Day-old chicks

Pieces of inner linings of the delivery boxes are sampled by the owner in the same way as for breedingflocks. The samples have to reach an accredited laboratory within 48 hours of sampling.

Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farmAll flocks are sampled, by the owner, within 3 weeks before slaughter. The sampling is performed inaccordance with Regulation (EU) n° 200/2012. Samples have to reach an accredited laboratory within 48hours.

Broiler flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)The intact caeca of 10 poultry from the same flock are taken at the slaughterhouse with the aim todetermine the load of Salmonella spp. entering the slaughterhouse.

Case definitionBroiler flocks: Day-old chicks

A sample is considered positive if a Salmonella spp. is isolated. A flock is considered positive as soon asone sample is positive.

Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farmA sample is considered positive if a Salmonella spp. is isolated. A flock is considered positive as soon asone sample is positive.

B. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - broiler flocks

32Belgium - 2013


Diagnostic/analytical methods usedBroiler flocks: Day-old chicks

Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D inaccordance with regulation (EU) nr. 200/2012.

Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farmBacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D inaccordance with regulation (EU) nr. 200/2012.

Broiler flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D

Vaccination policyBroiler flocks

There is no vaccination policy for broiler flocks.

Other preventive measures than vaccination in placeBroiler flocks

Minimal requirements are laid down for holdings with at least 200 broilers on infrastructure, management,hygiene and bio-security issues in the framework of the authorization of holdings.


Broiler flocksThe minimal requirements in the framework of the authorization of farms with more than 200 birdscontains preventive measures (infrastructure, management, hygiene and biosecurity) for the control ofSalmonella.Following measures are taken when a flock is positive for Salmonella spp:1° logistic slaughter of the flock at the end of production.2° mandatory cleaning and disinfection.3° hygienogram after disinfection and after the house has dried up.4° swab control on the presence of Salmonella before restocking the house.If the following flock is positive for the same serotype of Salmonella, the disinfection must be performed byan external company.When the same serotype of Salmonella is found at three consecutive times, the farm must be evaluatedon biosecurity and hygiene by the farm veterinarian and necessary measures must be taken. Anepidemiological investigation and/or tests are performed to find the source of the infection.It is at all times prohibited to treat for Salmonella with antibiotics.

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesBroiler flocks: Day-old chicks

It is prohibited to treat the flock for Salmonella with antibiotics.

Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farmSee 'the control program/strategies' in place.

Notification system in placeZoonotic Salmonella is notifiable since the first of January 2004. Notification is done by phone, fax or by e-mail to the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain. Farmers and laboratories are obliged tonotify.

Results of the investigation

33Belgium - 2013


5.507 batches of day-old chicks were sampled, 17 were positive for Salmonella spp. of which 8 for S.Enteritidis.8.664 flocks of broilers were sampled in the last 3 weeks of production. 181 flocks were positive forSalmonella spp. of which 6 for S. Typhimurium and 7 for S. Enteritidis. The most common serotype foundwas S. Paratyphi B var. Java in 44 flocks, followed by S. Livingstone (19 flocks), S. Derby (17 flocks) andS. Minnesota (14 flocks).

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionThe prevalence of all serotypes in day old chicks has slightly decreased compared to 2012. Even thoughS. Minnesota was no longer found in rearing breeders in 2013, 14 broilers flocks were still positive for S.Minnesota .The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in broiler flocks decreased significantly from 3,44% in 2012 to 2,09% in2013.


The total number of reported human Salmonella isolates decreased in 2013 to 2.760 (3.164 in 2012) dueto a decrease of both the number of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis cases. S.Paratyphi B var. Java was also the most common serotype found on carcasses and meat from broilersand was also found at the level of processing and retail. S. Agona was found in compound feed, rearingbreeders, breeders during production, rearing layers, layers during production and broilers. S. Idikan wasfound in coleseed and rapeseed, in breeders, layers and in broilers. S. Isangi was found in breeders andin broiler meat at retail.

34Belgium - 2013



Laying hens flocksAll laying hen flocks on farms with at least 200 laying hens are under the Salmonella control programme.Flocks are sampled by the owner at the age of day old chicks, 16, 24, 39 and 54 weeks and in the last 3weeks of production. When a flock has a second production cycle, the sampling continues every 15weeks.

Frequency of the samplingLaying hens: Day-old chicks

Every flock is sampled.

Laying hens: Rearing periodAt the age of 16 weeks.

Laying hens: Production periodEvery 15 weeks.

Laying hens: Before slaughter at farmEvery flock is sampled.

Laying hens: At slaughterSampling is distributed evenly throughout the year.

Type of specimen takenLaying hens: Day-old chicks

Internal linings of delivery boxes

Laying hens: Rearing periodSocks/ boot swabs

Laying hens: Production periodSocks/ boot swabs in accordance with Regulation (EU) nr. 517/2011.

Laying hens: Before slaughter at farmSocks/ boot swabs

Laying hens: At slaughterOther: caeca

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)Laying hens: Day-old chicks

At the farm, 20 pieces (5 by 5 cm) of the inner linings of delivery boxes are taken of each batch. Onvoluntary basis, 20 living hen-chicks are brought to the laboratory for serological testing.The samples have to reach an accredited laboratory within 48 hours of sampling.

Laying hens: Rearing periodSamples are taken in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 517/2011.

Laying hens: Production period

C. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - flocks of laying hens

35Belgium - 2013


Samples are taken in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 517/2011.

Laying hens: Before slaughter at farmSamples are taken in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 517/2011.

Case definitionLaying hens: Day-old chicks

A sample is considered positive if S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium is isolated. A flock is consideredpositive as soon as one sample is positive.

Laying hens: Rearing periodA sample is considered positive if S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium is isolated. A flock is consideredpositive as soon as one sample is positive.

Laying hens: Production periodA sample is considered positive if S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium is isolated. A flock is consideredpositive as soon as one sample is positive.

Laying hens: Before slaughter at farmA sample is considered positive if Salmonella is isolated. A flock is considered positive as soon as onesample is positive.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedLaying hens: Day-old chicks

Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D

Laying hens: Rearing periodBacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D

Laying hens: Production periodBacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 517/2011.

Laying hens: Before slaughter at farmBacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D

Vaccination policyLaying hens flocks

Vaccination against Salmonella Enteritidis is compulsory and vaccination against Salmonella Typhimuriumis strongly recommended.

Other preventive measures than vaccination in placeLaying hens flocks

Minimal requirements for infrastructure, management, hygiene and bio-security issues are laid down in theframework of the authorization of holdings.


Laying hens flocksThe national control program for Salmonella in laying hens is based on Regulations (EC) Nos. 2160/2003,1177/2006 and (EU) No. 517/2011.

Recent actions taken to control the zoonosesThe farmer has the possibility to perform an extended swabcontrol after cleaning and disinfection. Thisway the possible source of contamination may be found.

36Belgium - 2013


Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesLaying hens flocks

1) Pasteurization of eggs before human consumption.2) Cleaning and disinfection of housing after removal of the positive flock.3) Swab sampling of housing before entering a new flock. If the result is positive for Salmonella, cleaningand disinfection has to be repeated.

Notification system in placeZoonotic Salmonella is notifiable by the farmer and the laboratory since the first of January 2004.Notification is done by phone, fax or electronic to the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain.

Results of the investigationThere were 221 different batches with day-old chicks of which 1 was positive for Salmonella Typhimuriumand one for Salmonella Agona.During rearing, 279 flocks were sampled of which 1 was positive for Salmonella spp. (S. Havana).During production, 606 flocks were sampled of which 36 were positive for Salmonella spp. (10 for S.Enteritidis and 1 for S. Typhimurium).

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionThe prevalence for all Salmonella serotypes increased from 4,94% in 2012 to 5,94% in 2013. However,the prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Tyhimurium decreased to 1,82%, the first timethe target of



There was no official monitoring program for cattle in 2013. Isolates were diagnostic samples sent to theNRL Salmonella, animal health, for serotyping.

Vaccination policyIn 2013, no vaccine was authorized for the vaccination of cattle against salmonellosis.

Results of the investigationResults from the NRL Salmonella, AH indicate that the number of Salmonella isolates from cattle (n=43)remains at the same level of 2012 (n=42). Most frequently found serotypes are Typhimurium (26) andDublin (7). Some monophasic strains were also detected by PCR.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionData from the NRL Salmonella, AH show that in cattle, S. Dublin used to be the principal serotypebetween 2002 and 2010, but declined in 2010 and 2011 to the same low level as S. Typhimurium. In 2013S. Typhimurium is clearly the most prevalent isolated serotype from cattle samples

D. Salmonella spp. in bovine animals

38Belgium - 2013



Breeding herdsFor diagnostic purposes and in the framework of research projects, pigs are sampled and isolates are sentto the NRL Salmonella, Animal Health for serotyping and resistance analysis.

Multiplying herdsFor diagnostic purposes and in the framework of research projects, pigs are sampled and isolates are sentto the NRL Salmonella, AH for serotyping and resistance analysis.

Fattening herdsEvery year, 12 blood samples are taken for the serological surveillance of Salmonella on farms with atleast 31 fattening pigs.Samples are taken for bacteriological detection on farms that are considered risk herds for Salmonella.

For diagnostic purposes and in the framework of research projects, pigs are sampled and isolates are sentto the NRL Salmonella, AH for serotyping and resistance analysis.

Frequency of the samplingFattening herds at farm

Fattening herds with at least 31 fattening pigs are sampled every year. Samples are taken forbacteriological detection on farms that are considered risk herds for Salmonella.

Type of specimen takenFattening herds at farm

On farm level, blood samples are taken for serological analysis. On risk herds, overshoes are used forbacteriological detection.

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)Fattening herds at farm

Depending on the capacity of the farm, 10 to 12 blood samples are taken of the fattening pigs. The bloodsamples are taken of all ages.On risk herds, 4 samples are taken. Each sample consists of one pair of overshoes.

Case definitionFattening herds at farm

Risk farms are identified as farms with a mean S/P ratio higher than 0,6 for 3 consecutive samplingrounds.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedFattening herds at farm

An indirect LPS--Salmonella ELISA is used for the detection of antibodies against certain Salmonellaserogroups. The ISO 6576 : 2002 annex D method is used for bacteriological detection, the White-Kauffmann-LeMinor scheme for serotyping.

Vaccination policyBreeding herds

No vaccine is authorized in Belgium for the vaccination of pigs against Salmonella.

Multiplying herds

E. Salmonella spp. in pigs

39Belgium - 2013


No vaccine is authorized in Belgium for the vaccination of pigs against Salmonella.

Fattening herdsNo vaccine is authorized in Belgium for the vaccination of pigs against Salmonella.


Fattening herdsRisk farms are identified as farms with a mean S/P ratio equal or higher than 0,6 for 3 consecutivesampling rounds. Following mandatory measures are applied on risk farms:1) completion of a checklist on bio-security and other measures;2) formulating and implementing a herd specific salmonella action plan, based on the result of thechecklist;3) bacteriological evaluation of the farm.

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesThe measures are explained under control strategy in place.

Notification system in placeZoonotic Salmonella is notifiable by operators and laboratories since the first of January 2004. Notificationis done by phone, fax or electronic to the Federal Agency of the Safety of the Food Chain.

Results of the investigation5.332 herds with fattening pigs were sampled in 2013. 989 herds had at least once a mean S/P ratio ofmore than 0,6. 69 herds were classified as Salmonella risk herds for the first time and 27 herds wereclassified as a Salmonella risk herd for a second or consecutive time.In the framework of bacteriological detection of Salmonella on risk herds, 275 samples were taken on 65farms. Salmonella could be isolated on 57% of the farms. De main serotypes found were SalmonellaTyphimurium (15 herds) and S. O4,(5),12:i:- (16 herds).

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionAs in 2012, the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium is very present. More than 70% of Salmonella riskherds where Salmonella was detected was positive for S. Typhimurium or its monophasic variant. Theimportance of S. Derby is decreasing.


The main serotypes found on Salmonella risk farms (fattening pigs), on carcasses and in pig meat isSalmonella Typhimurium and its monophasic variant.

40Belgium - 2013



Meat production flocksOn farms with a capacity of 5000 or more birds, all flocks are sampled within 3 weeks before slaughter.

Frequency of the samplingMeat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm

All flocks are sampled within 3 weeks before slaughter.

Type of specimen takenMeat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm

2 pair of overshoes are taken and pooled to one sample.

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm

On farms with more than 5000 birds, all flocks are sampled, by the owner, within 3 weeks beforeslaughter. 2 pair of overshoes, pooled to 1 sample, are taken. The samples have to reach an accreditedlaboratory within 48 hours.

Case definitionMeat production flocks: Day-old chicks

A flock is positive if Salmonella spp. is found.

Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farmA flock is positive if Salmonella spp. is found.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedMeat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm

The bacteriological method used is the ISO 6579:2002 annex D method.

Vaccination policyMeat production flocks

There is no vaccination policy.

Other preventive measures than vaccination in placeMeat production flocks

All holdings have to implement hygienic, infrastructural and management measures in the framework ofthe authorization of the holding.

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesSamples are taken for monitoring purposes only. Flocks are slaughtered at the end of the day (logisticslaughter) if samples taken before slaughter are positive.

Notification system in placeA notification system for zoonotic Salmonella is in place since 1 January 2004. The notification can bedone by e-mail, fax or phone.

Results of the investigation1 flock was sampled in 2013, Salmonella was not found.

F. Salmonella spp. in ducks - breeding flocks and meat production flocks

41Belgium - 2013


National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionSalmonella spp are seldom found in flocks of meat ducks.


Seen the very low number of meat production flocks of ducks in Belgium, there is very little to no impacton human cases.

Additional informationIn 2013, there were no breeding flocks of ducks in Belgium.

42Belgium - 2013


Monitoring systemMethods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)

Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period

Additional informationIn 2013 there were no breeding and meat production flocks of geese in Belgium.

G. Salmonella spp. in geese - breeding flocks and meat production flocks

43Belgium - 2013



Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)There are no professional breeding turkey flocks in Belgium.

Meat production flocks All flocks are sampled within three weeks of slaughter.

Frequency of the samplingMeat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm

Every flock is sampled

Type of specimen takenMeat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm

Socks/ boot swabs

Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm

All flocks are sampled, by the owner, within 3 weeks before slaughter conform Regulation (EU) n°1190/2012.

Case definitionA flock is positive if Salmonella is found.

Monitoring systemCase definition

Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farmA flock is positive if Salmonella spp. is found.

Diagnostic/analytical methods usedMeat production flocks: Day-old chicks

Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D.

Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farmBacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002 annex D as described in Regulation (EU) 1190/2012.

Vaccination policyMeat production flocks

There is no vaccination policy for meat production flocks.

Other preventive measures than vaccination in placeMeat production flocks

In the framework of the authorization of holdings, infrastructural, management, hygiene and bio-securitymeasures must be implemented on all holdings.

Measures in case of the positive findings or single casesFollowing measures are taken when a flock is positive for Salmonella spp for the first time:1° the flock is at the end of the productioncycle slaughtered at the end of the day (logistic slaughter);

H. Salmonella spp. in turkey - breeding flocks and meat production flocks

44Belgium - 2013


2° there is an obligation to clean and disinfect the house;3° a hygienogram is performed after disinfection and after the house has dried up;4° a swab control on the presence of Salmonella is performed before restocking the house;If the following flock is positive for the same serotype of Salmonella, the same measures are taken andthe disinfection must be performed by an external company.When the same serotype of Salmonella is found at three consecutive times, besides the above mentionedmeasures, the farm must be evaluated on biosecurity and hygiene by the farm veterinarian and necessarymeasures must be taken. An epidemiological investigation and/or tests are performed to find the source ofthe infection.It is at all times prohibited to treat for Salmonella with antibiotics.

Notification system in placeZoonotic Salmonella is notifiable since 1 January 2004. Notification is done by phone, fax or e-mail.

Results of the investigationThere are no turkey breeding flocks in Belgium.191 meat production flocks were tested in 2013. There was one flock positive for S. Typhimurium , one forS. Havana and 2 for S. Paratyphi B var. Java.

National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infectionThere is a very low incidence of Salmonella in turkey meat production flocks in Belgium.


Seen the limited number of meatturkey flocks slaughtered in Belgium and the low incidence of Salmonellain these flocks, there is little to no relevance of the findings in these flocks to human cases.

45Belgium - 2013

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Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus

CensusOfficial and

industrysampling

yesGallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified -adult - Control and eradication programmes

No of flocksunder controlprogramme



Sample origin TargetVerification

Sampling unit Units testedTotal unitspositive forSalmonella

S. Enteritidis

Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified -adult - Control and eradication programmes

S. Hadar S. InfantisS.

Typhimurium S. Virchow S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

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Table Salmonella in other animals

NRL, animalhealth Unspecified 43 0 26

Cattle (bovine animals) - others - Unknown (Sampledetails unknown, most probably diagnostic reasons)



Sample origin Sampling unit Units testedTotal unitspositive forSalmonella

S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

3 2 1 7 1 1 1Cattle (bovine animals) - others - Unknown (Sampledetails unknown, most probably diagnostic reasons)

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecifiedS. 4,12:i:- S. 4,5,12:i:- S. 9:-:- S. Dublin S. Kottbus S.Montevideo

S. ParatyphiB

Monophasic strains (4,12:i:- and 4,5,12:i:-)were found negative for fljB in PCR (EFSA).

S. paratyphi B was found var. Java.

Footnote:

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Table Salmonella in other poultry

CensusOfficial and

industrysampling

yesGallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm -Control and eradication programmes

Officialsampling yes

Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter -Farm - Control and eradication programmes

Census Industrysampling yesGallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter -Farm - Control and eradication programmes

CensusOfficial and

industrysampling

yesGallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter -Farm - Control and eradication programmes

CensusOfficial and

industrysampling

yesTurkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm- Control and eradication programmes

Census Industrysampling yesTurkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm- Control and eradication programmes


Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Farm- Control and eradication programmes

CensusOfficial and

industrysampling

yesTurkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm -Control and eradication programmes

Census Industrysampling yesTurkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm -Control and eradication programmes


Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - Farm -Control and eradication programmes

No of flocksunder controlprogramme



Sample origin TargetVerification

Sampling unit Units testedTotal unitspositive forSalmonella

S. Enteritidis

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Table Salmonella in other poultry

Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - Farm -Control and eradication programmes










S.Typhimurium S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecified

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Belgium - 2013

2.1.4 Salmonella in feedingstuffs

Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 91 1Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - Unknown -Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 5 0Compound feedingstuffs for fish - Unknown -Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 31 0Compound feedingstuffs for horses - Unknown -Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 106 1Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - Unknown -Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 128 0Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - breeders -Unknown - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 52 0Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers -Unknown - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 38 1Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens -Unknown - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 5 0Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - pigeons -Unknown - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 13 0Compound feedingstuffs for rabbits - Unknown -Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 12 0Compound feedingstuffs for sheep - Unknown -Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 13 0Compound feedingstuffs for turkeys - Unknown -Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

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sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 2 1Compound feedingstuffs, not specified - final product- Unknown - Surveillance





S. EnteritidisS.

Typhimurium

1Compound feedingstuffs for cattle - Unknown -Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for fish - Unknown -Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for horses - Unknown -Surveillance

1Compound feedingstuffs for pigs - Unknown -Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - breeders -Unknown - Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - broilers -Unknown - Surveillance

1Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - laying hens -Unknown - Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for poultry - pigeons -Unknown - Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for rabbits - Unknown -Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecifiedS. Agona S. Cerro S.Livingstone

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Compound feedingstuffs for sheep - Unknown -Surveillance

Compound feedingstuffs for turkeys - Unknown -Surveillance

1Compound feedingstuffs, not specified - final product- Unknown - Surveillance

S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellaspp.,

unspecifiedS. Agona S. Cerro S.Livingstone

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Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 1 0Feed material of land animal origin - Feed mill -Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 3 0Feed material of land animal origin - animal fat -Unknown - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 1 0Feed material of land animal origin - blood meal -Unknown - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 1 0Feed material of land animal origin - blood products- Feed mill - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 13 0Feed material of land animal origin - egg powder -Feed mill - Surveillance


sampling feed sample Batch 25 Gram 11 3Feed material of land animal origin - meat and bonemeal - Unknown - Surveillance

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