Basic WCDMA Studies

7/28/2019 Basic WCDMA Studies

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1 NOKIA Layer 1.ppt/ 07.12.00 / Stefano Savioli Company Confidential

WCDMA Basics


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Agenda

WCDMA Technical aspects

WCDMA Power Budget

WCDMA Codes

Radio Resource Management

WCDMA Channels


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Available channels:FDD: 12TDD: 7

UMTS AIR INTERFACE (1/2)

Wideband - Code DivisionMultiple Access (W-CDMA)Multiple AccessScheme

Duplex scheme

Channel spacing

(User) Data rate

Frequency Division DuplexTime Division Duplex

FDD: Uplink 1920-1980 MHzDownlink 2110-2170 MHz

5 MHz

Up to 384kbit/s

Frequency band

Users are separated by

spreading codesAll users utilise the samefrequency band

2 duplex schemes

25 times the channelspacing of GSM

12 times GPRS (up to170 kbps (8 timeslots!))

Technical Aspects


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Technical Aspects

UMTS AIR INTERFACE - CONTINUED (2/2)

10 msFrame length

Inter-BSsynchronisation

Modulation format

FDD: Asynchronous

Data modulation: QPSK (downlink); BPSK (uplink)Spreading modulation: QPSK

Used for e.g.

Discontinuous transmission decisionsRate adaptationAssignment of uplink/downlinkchannels for TDD

Trade-off between delay and reasonableinterleaving depth

Chip rate 3,84 Mcps


5/576 NOKIA Layer 1.ppt/ 07.12.00 / Stefano Savioli Company Confidential

FrequencyPowerdensity(Watts/Hz) Unspread narrowband signal

Spread wideband signal

W

R

Processing gain =

W/R,

typically at least 100

A narrowband signal is spread to a wideband signal

CDMA radio access technology:spreading/despreading

WCDMA

5 MHz, 1 carrier

TDMA (GSM)

5 MHz, 25 carriers



The processing gain depends on the user data rate

PROCESSING GAIN

Voice user (12,2 kbit/s)

Packet data user (384 kbit/s)

Powerdensity(W/Hz)

W

R

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

Unspread narrowbandsignal

Spread widebandsignal

Processing GainG=W/R=25 dB

Powerdensity

(W/Hz)

W

R

Unspread

"narrowband"signal

Spread widebandsignal

Processing GainG=W/R=10 dB

Spreading factor determinesthe bit rateProcessing gain dependent onuser data rate

(data rate) x(spreading factor)=

const.=W=3,84 Mcps



CDMA Radio Access Technology

Freq. 1

Freq. 1

BS1

BS2

Code D

Users are separated by codes (code channels), not by frequency or time(in some capacity/hierarchical cell structure cases, also differentcarrier frequencies may be used).

Signals of other users are seen as noise-like interference

CDMA system is an interference limited system which averages theinterference (ref. to GSM which is a frequency limited system)


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Codes & Multipath Propagation

code C1

code C2C1+2


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RAKE Diversity Receiver

Delay1Code used

for theconnection

Rx

Output

Finger

t

Cell-1

Cell-1

Cell-1

Cell-2

Rx

Rx

Rx

Finger

Finger

Finger

Delay2

Delay3


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Channel power planning

Different Ec/Io requirement for the commonchannel makes the power planning not a easytask

Pilot coverageP-CCPCHcoverage

In this example themobile "sees" the cellbut cannot access it as

it cannot decode theBCH


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Agenda


WCDMA Power Budget

WCDMA Codes


WCDMA Channels


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Propagation model


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Link Budget Overview

Output

power Losses(Cable,

Combiner,)

BSAntenna gain

Path-loss SHO

GainUE /bodyloss

Ec/I0 ProcessingGain(de-

spreading)

Eb/N0

Load(Interference margin)

MSantenna

gain

MDCgain

Result

Application related

Hardware related

Input Categories

Capacity related

System related

POWERLEVEL


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Link budget

Chip rate 3840,00 DL data rate 64,00

UL Data rate 64,00 DL load 85%

UL Load 50%

2

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END Node B UE

Thermal Noise Density dBm/Hz -173,98 -173,98

Receiver Noise Figure dB 3,00 8,00

Receiver Noise Density dBm/Hz -170,98 -165,98

Noise Power [NoW] dBm -105,14 -100,14

Reguired Eb/No dB 2,00 5,50

Soft handover MDC gain dB 0,00 1,00

Processing gain dB 17,78 17,78

Interference margin (NR) dB 3,01 8,24Required Ec/Io [q] dB -15,78 -12,28

Required Signal Power [S] dBm -117,91 -105,18

Cable loss dB 2,00 0,00

Body loss dB 0,00 0,00

Antenna gain RX dBi 18,00 0,00

Soft handover gain dB 2,00 2,00

Power control headroom dB 3,00 0,00

Istropic power dBm -132,91 -107,18

TRANSMITTING END UE Node B

Power per connection dBm 21,00 24,73

Cable loss dB 0,00 2,00

Body loss dB 0,00 0

Antenna gain TX dBi 0,00 18

Peak EIRP dBm 21,00 40,73

Isotropic path loss dB 153,91 147,91

DL peak to average ratio dB 6,00

Isotropic path loss to the cell border 153,91

NRT 64kbit/s, 3km/hNRT 64kbit/s, 3km/hNRT 64kbit/s, 3km/hNRT 64kbit/s, 3km/h

The calculation is done for eachservice (bit rate) separately

The link budget must bebalanced

Power Budget Calculations


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Eb/N0

In order to meet the defined quality requirements (BLER) a certain averagebit-energy divided by total noise+interference spectral density (Eb/N0) is

needed. Nokia simulations for Eb/No are based on ITU recommendations.

Eb/No depends on: Service MS speed Radio channel

In DL the own cell interferences are reduced by factor(1-

). This is due tothe synchronised orthogonal channelisation codes, which are used in DL.The ortogonality factor depends on the multipath conditions.

DL Eb/No

12.2kbps Voice CS-data 3km/h P-data 3km/h

3 km/h 20 km/h 120 km/h 64 kb/s 128 kb/s 384 kb/s 64 kb/s 128 kb/s 384 kb/s

7.9 6 7.4 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.8

UL Eb/No12.2kbps Voice CS-data 3km/h P-data 3km/h

3 km/h 20 km/h 120 km/h 64 kb/s 128 kb/s 384 kb/s 64 kb/s 128 kb/s 384 kb/s

4.4 4.5 5.4 2 1.5 1 2 1.4 1.7


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Eb/N0

dBRW

Ip

NE rxb

0

NothownDL PIII )1(

NothownUL PIII

Where:Prx = received powerR = bit rateW = bandwidth

Iown = total power received from the serving cell (excluding own signal)Ioth = total power received from other cellsPN = noise power = orthogonality factor


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Required Ec/I0

Required Ec/I0 is the required RF C/I needed in order to meet

the baseband Eb/N0 criteria Ec/I0 depends on the bit rate

dBI

p

W

R

N

E

I

E rxbc

00

Energyper chip

Total power

spectral density

Is possible Ec/Io= -1 ??


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RSCP, Ec/Io

Received signal code power

Energy per chip over the total received power spectral density

Two criterias to define coverage in 3G (in GSM is RSSI)

Good RSCP does not guarantee service, unless the

dominance is good which gives good Ec/Io

Usually CPICH RSCP and Ec/Io is measured, NOT services

Ec/Io or RSCP.

Measurement mapping is defined in 3GPP specs 25.133


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Coverage & Capacity coupling Load factor directly corresponds to the

supported traffic per cell

More traffic means more interference ->cell breathing

Max. recommended load : 70 %,typically 30-50 %

50 % load means 3 dB loss in linkbudget

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

Load factor

L

oss(dB)

BS

CELL BREATHING

higher load

BS

service quality

cell coverage cell capacity

Optimizationand Tailoring

dBLog 110 10IMargin =


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Traffic load factor

Relative cell size

Increased load 800 kbps

Decreased coverage

Low load 200 kbps

Large coverage

128 kbps

64 kbps

8 kbps 144 kbps

64 kbps

64 kbps

144 kbps

144 kbps

64 kbps

64 kbps

Traffic load has

direct effect on thecell size

Radio ResourceManagementprovides means tocontrol cellbreathing innetworkoptimisation

Cell Breathing in WCDMA

Coverage measured today= coverage in the future ??


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Coverage Overlap

Some overlap is required to allow soft handover to occur

Need to control amount of interference since the networkcapacity is directly related to it.

Soft handover helps to reduce interference. (Soft HO Gain)

Too much overlap (Soft HO overhead)

Increases interference to other cells --> reduce capacity Increases Soft Handover overhead --> reduce capacity

Typically soft HO should occur in 20-40% of connections.


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Code Allocation during Soft Handover

Code 1 DL

BS 1 BS2

UL

Code 2 DL

UL


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Code Allocation during Soft Handover

The UE transmit the information with the scrambling and channelisation

codes assigned from the first BTS. From the UL point of view no changesare made for the code allocation

Each BTS transmit with its own scrambling code and with a channel codethat should have the same SF otherwise the UE will loose the combininggain

Code 1 DL is different from Code 2 DL

The UE will allocate the fingers of the Rake receiver to despreading bothtransmissions and then each finger will be combined through a maximalratio combining


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Agenda


WCDMA Power Budget WCDMA Codes


WCDMA Channels

L d Sh t C d


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Long and Short Codes

Short code = Channelisation code Long code = Scrambling code

Usage Uplink: Separation of physical data

(DPDCH) and control channels(DPCCH) from same terminal

Downlink: Separation of downlinkconnections to different users withinone cell

Uplink: Separation of mobile

Downlink: Separation of sectors (cells)

Length 4256 chips (1.066.7 s)

Downlink also 512 chips

Different bit rates by changing thelength of the code

Uplink: (1) 10 ms = 38400 chips or (2)66.7 s = 256 chips

Option (2) can be used with advancedbase station receivers

Downlink: 10 ms = 38400 chips

Number of codes Number of codes under one scramblingcode = spreading factor

Uplink: 16.8 million

Downlink: 512

Code family Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10 ms code: Gold code

Short code: Extended S(2) code family

Spreading Yes, increases transmission bandwidth No, does not affect transmissionbandwidth

Tree of Orthogonal Short Codes in


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Tree of Orthogonal Short Codes inDownlink

Hierarchical selection of short codes from a "code tree" tomaintain orthogonality

Several long scrambling codes can be used within one sectorto avoid shortage of short codes

C1(0) = [ 1 ]

C2(0) = [ 1 1 ]

C2(1) = [ 1 0 ]

C4(0) = [ 1 1 1 1 ]

C4(1) = [ 1 1 0 0 ]

C4(2) = [ 1 0 1 0 ]

C4(3) = [ 1 0 0 1 ]

C8(0) = [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

C8(1) = [ 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 ]

. . .

. . .

Spreading factor:

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4 SF = 8

C8(2) = [ 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 ]

C8(3) = [ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]

. . .

. . .

C8(4) = [ 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ]

C8(5) = [ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 ]

. . .

. . .

C8(6) = [ 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ]

C8(7) = [ 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 ]

. . .

. . .

Example ofcode allocation


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Cross Correlation and Orthogonality

An easy way to find the Cross Correlation is to count the numberof agreements/disagreements. +1 for each agreement, -1 for thedisagreement. If the result is 0 then the codes are not correlatedthus Orthogonal

Code C4,3 = 1001Code C4,2 = 1010 ==> +1+1-1-1=0 ORTHOGONAL

When comparing the mother with the son we should bare in mindthat the chip rate is constant, so for each bit transmitted with SF 4correspond to 2 bits transmitted with SF 2Ex: If the C2,1 (10) has to transmit the bits 10 then themultiplication with the code gives 1001 which is equal to C4,3,

while if it transmits 11 it is equal to C4,2 so it is not unique and itcannot be used


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Ph i l L Bit R t (D li k)


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Spreadingfactor

Channelsymbol

rate(ksps)

Channelbit rate

(kbps)

DPDCHchannel bit

rate range(kbps)

Maximum userdata rate with -

rate coding(approx.)

512 7.5 15 36 13 kbps

256 15 30 1224 612 kbps

128 30 60 4251 2024 kbps

64 60 120 90 45 kbps

32 120 240 210 105 kbps16 240 480 432 215 kbps

8 480 960 912 456 kbps

Full rate speech

64 kbps

Physical Layer Bit Rates (Downlink)

The number of orthogonal channelization codes = Spreading factor The maximum throughput with 1 scrambling code ~2.5 Mbps or ~100 fullrate speech users

128 kbps

384 kbps

Channel Coding of DL 384K 3GPP 125101


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3856X3=11568

QPSK so, from480ksps to 960kbps

3840/10ms=384K

480k* SF8= 3.84M

Downlink modulation


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Downlink modulation

The BTS need linear power amplifier because of the zero crossingduring the transmission of the bit stream 00 11, etc..

SpreadedInformation

Oscillator

90 Phase Shift

RF Out

I Branch

Q Branch

Degrees and Bits:'1' '0'180 0

Degrees and Bits:'1' '0'90 - 90

Bit combinations in Radio Path:

'10'135

'00'45

'11'225

'01'315

ComplexScrambling

Downlink modulation


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Downlink modulation

QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Key) modulation is used, one symboltransmitted equals two bits of information

The two bits of information are mapped on a 2 dimensions space, one bitrefers to the real axis while the other to the imaginary one.

Control streams are time multiplexed in the frame

Time

Control

Data

1 Time Slot

Channel Coding of DL 12.2K 3GPP 125101


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30k* SF 128= 3.84M

Chips & Bits & Symbols


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Spreading Code

Spread Signal

Data

Air Interface

Chips & Bits & SymbolsBits (In this drawing, 1 bit = 8 Chips)

Baseband Data

-1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

-1

ChipChip

Spreading


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Spreading

Data xCode

Data

Code

Code(pseudonoise)

Data

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

Symbol

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

ChipChip

Despreading

Spectrum

Symbol

Detecting own signal Correlator


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Detecting own signal. Correlator

Code

Data aftermultiplication

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

Ownsignal

+8

-8

Data afterIntegration

Code

Data after

multiplication

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

Othersignal

+8

-8

Data afterIntegration

Agenda


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Agenda




WCDMA Channels



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Target for RRM is to maximise the radio performance:

Ensure planned coverage for each targeted service

Ensure required link quality(BLER, BER, delay)

Ensure planned capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers)

Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)

Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for efficient

utilisation of the air interface resources

RRM

Link Quality

Cell CoverageCell Capacity



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Power Control

Power ControlLoad

Control

RNCBSMS

RRM can be divided into Power control Handover control Admission control Load control (Congestion control) Packet scheduling & Resource manager

Locations of RRM algorithms

Power ControlHandover

ControlAdmission

ControlLoad ControlPacket

Scheduler

WCDMA Radio ResourceManagement:


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Management:Logical Model

Radio resource management functionality

consists of a set of algorithms, which areused for optimal utlisation of the WCDMAradio interface resources

Admission Control (AC), Load Control(LC), Packet Scheduler (PS) andResource Manager (RM) are networkbased functions, which means that these

algorithms deal with radio resources ofone cell at the same time

Power Control (PC) and HandoverControl (HC) are RRC connection based,which means that these algorithms dealwith the radio resources of oneconnection

PC

HC

Connection based function

LC

AC

Network based functions

PS

RM

Logical Model Split in Network Architecture


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Logical Model Split in Network Architecture

BS

SRNC

DRNC

Iub

Iur

IuPC

LC

AC

HC

RM

LC

AC

PC

LCPS

RM

BS

PC

LC

Iub

Overview of RRM algorithms


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Power control (PC) maintains radio link level quality byadjusting the uplink and downlink powers.

The quality requirements are tried to get with minimum transmissionpowers to achieve low interference in radio access network. The basicfunctions of WCDMA power control are: Open loop power control (RACH, FACH) Fast closed loop power control (DCH) Outer loop power control

Handover Control (HC) controls the active state mobility ofUE in RAN.

HC maintains the radio link quality and minimises the radio networkinterference by optimum cell selection in handovers. The HandoverControl (HC) of the Radio Access Network (RAN) supports the followinghandover procedures:

Intra-frequency soft/softer handover Intra-frequency hard handover Inter-frequency handover Inter-system (GSM) handover



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Admission Control (AC) decides whether a request toestablish a Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is admitted in the

Radio Access Network (RAN) or not. Admission control is used to maintain stability and to achieve high

traffic capacity of RAN. The AC algorithm is executed when radioaccess bearer is setup or the bearer is modified. The AC measurestake place as well with all kind of handovers.

Load Control (LC) continuously updates the load

information of cells controlled by RNC Load Control and provides this information to the AC and PS for radio

resource controlling purposes. In overload situations, the LC performs

the recovering actions by using the functionalities of AC, PS and HC.



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g

Packet scheduler (PS) schedules radio resources for NRTradio access bearers both in uplink and downlink direction. The traffic load of cell determines the scheduled transmission capacity.

The information of load caused by NRT bearers is determined by PS.

It can be said that PS controls the NRT load when system is not inoverload.

PS also allocates and changes the bitrates of NRT bearers. PS controls

both dedicated and shared channels.

Nokia Wideband Power Based RRM


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Nokia RRM has the following principles for the operation ofnetwork based algorithms, admission control, packet schedulerand load control: RRM is operating cell basis, i.e. operations are done for a single cell

without taking neighbouring cells into account.

System load is measured based on total averaged power/ interferencein a cell. In uplink it is the total received wideband interference power(PrxTotal) and in downlink it is the total transmitted power (PtxTotal).

AC, PS and LC operations are based these two measurements. AC, PS and LC operations are done separately for uplink and downlink.

RRM has the ability to manage cell loading based on the total averageuplink/downlink power, which has the affect of eliminating the cell breathingdue to variations in neighbour cell interference levels.

Base stationmeasurement

Base stat ionmeasurement

UplinkUplink DownlinkDownlink

Total received widebandpower Prxtotal (digital accurate)

Total received widebandpower Prxtotal (digital accurate)

Total transmitted widebandpower Ptxtotal (simple)

Total transmitted widebandpower Ptxtotal (simple)

RRM in RNCRRM in RNC Keep load at Prxtarget (max)Keep load at Prxtarget (max) Keep load at Ptxtarget (max)Keep load at Ptxtarget (max)

Flow Chart of the RRM Algorithms


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g

RAB setup/modify/release request

RB information

Resource informationLoad change

information

Target FER,

BER and SIR

Load information

Load information

Admission Control

Load change

estimation

RAB admissiondecision

DL power allocation

Iu

Packet Scheduler

Radio resource

scheduling

Load Control

Measurements &

Update of load

information

Power Control

UL Outer looppower control

Handover Control

Active state mobility control

Resource Manager

Radio resource information

Code allocation

Transport resource allocation

Resource request

Active set

information

Agenda


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g




WCDMA Channels

WCDMA Channels


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WCDMA Channels

3 Different ChannelsRadio Resource Control (RRC)

Medium Access Control(MAC)

Transport channels

Physical layer

Control/Me

asurements

Layer3

Logical channelsLayer2

Layer1 Physical

channels

WCDMA Channels


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Logical Channels

Logical Channels were created to transmit a specific content such as cell system

information, paging information, or user data. Logical channels are offered as data transfer

service by the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to the next higher layer. Consequently,logical channels are in use between the mobile phone and the RNC.

Transport Channels (TrCH)

The MAC layer is using the transport service of the lower lower, the Physical layer. The

MAC layer is responsible to organise the logical channel data on transport channels. This

process is called mapping. In this context, the MAC layer is also responsible to determine

the used transport format. The transport of logical channel data takes place between the

UE and the RNC. Physical Channels (PhyCH)

The physical layer offers the transport of data to the higher layer. The characteristics of the

physical transport have to be described. When we transmit information between the RNC

and the UE, the physical medium is changing. Between the RNC and the Node B, where

we talk about the interface Iub, the transport of information is physically organised in so-

called Frames.Between the Node B and the UE, where we find the WCDMA radio interface Uu, the

physical transmission is described by physical channels. A physical channel is defined by

the UARFCN and the a spreading code in the FDD mode.

WCDMA Logical Channel


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g

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Control Channel (CCH)

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)Traffic Channel (TCH)

ODMA Dedicated Control Channel (ODCCH)

ODMA Common Control Channel (OCCCH)

ODMA Dedicated Traffic Channel (ODTCH)

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

Shared Channel Control Channel (SHCCH)



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Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

A downlink channel for broadcasting system control information.

Control Channel (PCCH) Paging

A downlink channel that transfers paging information. This channel is used when

the network does not know the location cell of the mobile, or, the mobile is in the

cell connected state (utilising UE sleep mode procedures).

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Bi-directional channel for transmitting control information between network and UEs.This channel is commonly used by the mobiles having no RRC connection with

the network and by the UEs using common transport channels when accessing

a new cell after cell reselection.

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

A point-to-point bi-directional channel that transmits dedicated control informationbetween a mobile and the network. This channel is established through RRC

connection setup procedure.

g



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Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

A Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) is a point-to-point channel, dedicated toone mobile, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in both

uplink and downlink.

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

A point-to-multipoint unidirectional channel for transfer of dedicated user

information for all or a group of specified mobiles.

Shared Channel Control Channel (SHCCH)

Bi-directional channel that transmits control information for uplink and downlink

shared channels between network and mobiles.

This channel is for TDD only

g

Logical to Transport Channel Mapping(Downlink Direction)


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(Downlink Direction)Logical Channels

Transp ort Channels

CCCH

FACH

DCCH / DTCH

DCH

BCCH

BCH

PCCH

PCH

CTCH

DSCH

(Uplink Direction)

Transp ort Channels

Logical ChannelsCCCH

RACH

DCCH / DTCH

DCHCPCH

WCDMA Common Transport Channel


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BCH Broadcast Channel

The Broadcast Channel (BCH) is a downlink transport channel that is

used to broadcast system- and cell-specific information. The BCH isalways transmitted over the entire cell with a low fixed bit rate.

PCH Paging Channel

The Paging Channel (PCH) is a downlink transport channel. The PCH is

always transmitted over the entire cell. The transmission of the PCH is

associated with the transmission of a physical layer signal, the Paging

Indicator Channel, to support efficient sleep-mode procedures.FACH Forward Access Channel

The Forward Access Channel (FACH) is a downlink transport channel.

The FACH is transmitted over the entire cell or over only a part of the

cell using beam-forming antennas.

WCDMA Common Transport Channel


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RACHRandom Access Channel

The Random Access Channel (RACH) is an uplink transport channel.

The RACH is always received from the entire cell. The RACH ischaracterised by a limited size data field, a collision risk and by the use

of open loop power control.

CPCH Common Packet Channel

The Common Packet Channel (CPCH) is an uplink transport channel.

The CPCH is a contention based random access channel used for

transmission of bursty data traffic. CPCH is associated with a dedicatedchannel on the downlink which provides power control for the uplink

CPCH.

DSCH Downlink Shared Channel

The downlink shared channel (DSCH) is a downlink transport channel

shared by several mobiles. The DSCH is associated with a DCH.

WCDMA Physical Channel


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Mapping of Transport Channels on Physical Channel

Transport Channels

DCH

RACH

CPCH

BCH

FACH

PCH

DSCH

Physical Channels

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)

Page Indication Channel (PICH)

CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH)

Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)

WCDMA Physical Channel


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BS

UE

CCPCH-1

CCPCH-2

SCH 1 & 2

PDSCH

CPICH

PICH

PCPCH

AICH

PRACH

DPDCHDPCCH

Basic WCDMA Studies

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