1.WCDMA basic principle introduction.ppt

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

Content

General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction


Mobile Communication Development

AMPS

TACS

NMT

Others

1G 1980sAnalog

GSMGSM

CDMA CDMA IS-95IS-95

TDMATDMAIS-136IS-136

PDCPDC

2G 1990sDigital

Technologies drive

3G IMT-2000

UMTSUMTSWCDMAWCDMA

CDMACDMA20002000

Demands drive

TD-SCDMA

TD-SCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers


WCDMA Standard Evolution

3GPP Rel993GPP Rel4

3GPP Rel5

1999 2006

DL/UL:

384k/384k

3GPP Rel6

2008

3GPP Rel7

3GPP Rel8

2004 2005 2007

DL/UL:

384k/384k

DL/UL:

14.4M/384k

DL/UL:

14.4M/384k

DL/UL:

14.4M/5.76M

DL/UL:

42M/11M

DL/UL:

80M/11M


WCDMA Network Architecture

RNC

RNC

NodeB

NodeB

NodeB

CS

PS

UE UTRAN CNUu Iu

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

Iur

Iub

Iub

Iub


3G

Internet•E-Mail•WWW•FTP•Electronic business

Telecom Service•Voice•Mobility and Ramble•Message

Information Service

•VOD•VP•TV & Radio•Media Service

Multi-service BlendedMulti-service Blended


Service classified

Service classified by QoS


Content General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer

Coding and Multiplexing

Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction


CDMA Explanation

frequency

time

power

FDMA

frequencytime

power

TDMA

power

time

CDMA

frequency


WCDMA RAN Architecture

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Core Network

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Iu Iu

Iur

Iub IubIub Iub


Air Interface Protocol Structure

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Transport channels

Physical layer

Con

trol

/ M

easu

rem

ents

Layer 3

Logical channels Layer 2

Layer 1


Uu Air Interface Protocol

L3

con

tro

l

con

tro

l

con

tro

l

LogicalChannels

TransportChannels

C-plane signaling U-plane information

PHY

L2/MAC

L1

RLC

DCNtGC

L2/RLC

MAC

RLCRLCRLC

RLCRLC

RLCRLC

Duplication avoidance

UuS boundary

BMC L2/BMC

control

PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP

DCNtGC

RadioBearers

RRCco

ntr

ol


Data Processing at Physical Layer

Data from MAC Layer（ TB）

Channel coding and

multiplexing

Spreading and modulation


Implementation of Physical Layer

MAC Layer （ Layer

2 ）

Physical channel

Spreading and Modulation

Transport channel

Physical channel structurePhysical channel structure

OVSF, scrambling,OVSF, scrambling,modulationmodulation

Coding & multiplexingCoding & multiplexingMapping to physical layerMapping to physical layer

De-multiplexing & decodingDe-multiplexing & decodingMapping to MAC layerMapping to MAC layer

De-spreading &demodulationDe-spreading &demodulation


WCDMA Communication Model

Source decoding

Source

coding Interleaving

deinterleaving

Scrambling spreading

Despreading

Modulation

Demodulation

Transmitting

Receiving

Radio channel

Descrambling Deinterleaving &channel deco

ding

Channel coding & interleaving


Sketch of WCDMA Physical Links

Convolutioncoding

p(t)PA

MU

X

demodulation

Interleaving

*j

p(t)

Pilot

DPCCH

DPDCH

tcos

......

tsin

I+jQ

TPC command

scrambS

Delay1slot

Ic

Qc

1010

TFCITPC

CRCTailbit

Information

matchfilter

RAKEcombining

Viterbidecoding

Frameerror

detection

LPF

targetFER

decision

SIRmeasurement

decision

TPCcommand

targetSIR

delay

inner looppower control

Outer looppower control


Mapping between Transport Channel and Physical Channel

Transport Channels

DCH

RACH

CPCH

BCH

FACH

PCH

DSCH

Physical Channels

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH)

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)

Collision-Detection/Channel-Assignment Indicator

Channel (CD/CA-ICH)

Channel-Assignment Indication Channel (CA-ICH





Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

MBMS Introduction


Sketch of Coding and Multiplexing

Objective ： Data stream from MAC and higher layers (TB/TBS) is encoded and multiplexed to offer transport services over the radio transmission link.

Data stream from MAC

Coding and multiplexing, mapping transport channel to

physical channel

Data stream at physical channel

Content： channel coding scheme is a combination of error detection, error correcting,rate matching,interleaving and transport channels mapping onto/splitting from physical channel


Steps of Coding and Multiplexing

CRC addition

Transport block concatenation and c

ode block segmentation

Forward error coding

DTX insertion

Interleaving

Radio frame segmentation

Multiplexing of transport channel(TrC

H)

Physical channel segmentation

Mapping to physical channels

Steps

of coding

and multip-

lexing


Coding for Downlink 12.2kb/s AMR Speech

TrCh#1 Transport block

CRC attachment

CRC

Tail bit attachment

Convolutional coding R=1/3, 1/2

Rate matching

81

81

303

Tail

8 93

303+NRM1 1st interleaving

12

Radio frame segmentation

#1a

To TrCh Multiplexing

303 +NRM1

NRF1 = (303 +NRM1)/2

NRF2 = (333+ NRM2)/2

NRF3 = (136+ NRM3)/2

#1b

TrCh#2

103

103

333

Tail

8 103

333 +NRM2

#2a

TrCh#3

60

60

136

Tail

8 60

136 +NRM3

#3a

136 +NRM3

#3b

333 +NRM2

#2b NRF1 NRF1 NRF2 NRF2 NRF3 NRF3





Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

MBMS Introduction


Spreading Technology

Spreading consists of 2 operations ： Channelization operation ， which transforms data symbols int

o chips. Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal,.The numb

er of chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor （ S

F ） .The operation is done by multiplying with OVSF code.

Scrambling operation ， which is done for spreadin signal .

Data bit

OVSF code

Scrambling code

Chips after spreading


Spreading code: OVSF （ Walsh ）

OVSF: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor, generated by

Walsh matrix

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

Cch,1,0 = (1)

Cch,2,0 = (1,1)

Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)

Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)

Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)


Purpose of OVSF

Downlink SF of typical service

Typical service Data rate Downlink SF

AMR 12.2, kbps 128

VP 64kbps 32

144kbps 144kbps 16

384kbps 384kbps 8

HSDPA 14.4mbps for one cell 16


UL DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading

I

j

cd,1

d

Slong,n or Sshort,n

I+jQ

DPDCH1

Q

cd,3

d

DPDCH3

cd,5

d

DPDCH5

cd,2

d

DPDCH2

cd,4

d

DPDCH4

cd,6

d

DPDCH6

cc

c

DPCCH


PRACH Spreading

message part is shown in the following figure ， the value of gain factors is the the same with DPDCH/DPCCH

j c cc

cd

d

Sr-msg,n

I+jQ

PRACH message control part

PRACH message data part

Q

I


PCPCH Spreading

message part is shown in the following figure ， the value of gain factors is the also the same with DPDCH/DPCCH

j c cc

cd

d

Sc-msg,n

I+jQ

PCPCH message control part

PCPCH message data part

Q

I


Downlink Spreading

I

Data of physical channel except SCH

SP

Cch,SF,m

j

Sdl,n

Q

I+jQ S

• Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a complex-valued scrambling code.

• The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame boundary of P-CCPCH.

• Each channel have different gain factor


Downlink Spreading

Different physical channel come from point S

G1

G2

GP

GS

S-SCH

P-SCH


Scrambling code: GOLD sequence

For uplink, scrambling code is used to separate different connection

Uplink: 224 long scrambles and 224 short scrambles

For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different cell

Downlink: 262143 (2 18 － 1) scrambles, but only 8192 scrambles( fr

om 0 to 8191) are adopted at present

The length of scrambling code is 38400 chips


DL scramble

Set 0

Set 1

…

Set 511

PSC 0

SSC 1

…

SSC 15

PSC511×16

…

SSC511×16 ＋ 1

SSC511×16 ＋ 15

8192 scrambles 512 sets

1 PSC and 15 SSCs in each set

Only primary scrambles are adopted at present

PSC and SSC


Downlink Scrambling code

218-1 =262143 scrambling codes totally ， only 0…8191 scrambling codes are used

I

Q

1

1 0

02

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

17

17

16

16

15

15

14

14

13

13

12

12

11

11

10

10


Uplink Long Scrambling code

224 long scrambling code totally

The scrambling code sequence number n can set the initial phase of the firs

t shift register ,thus decide the scrambling code sequence.

clong,1,n

clong,2,n

MSB LSB





Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

MBMS Introduction


WCDMA Modulation

Functions of modulation

Different modulation methods corresponding to different tra

nsmitting abilities in air interface

− R99/R4: adopt QPSK ， DL max data rate is 2.7Mbps

− HSDPA: adopt 16QAM ， DL max data rate is 14.4Mbps


Uplink Modulation

调制的码片数率为 3.84Mbps

S

Im{S}

Re{S}

cos(t)

Complex-valued sequence after spreading

-sin(t)

Split real & imag parts

Pulse shaping

Pulse shaping


Downlink Modulation

The chip rate is 3.84Mbps

S

Im{S}

Re{S}

cos(t)

Complex-valued sequence after spreading

-sin(t)

Split real & imag parts

Pulse shaping

Pulse shaping


RAKE Receiver

Front receiver

1st path

2nd path

3rd path

delay evaluator Compute time-

delay and phase deflexion

Signal composer Composed signal

tt

s(t) s(t)


WCDMA Fast Power Control

The rate of power control can be up to1500 times per second, which is faster than that of fading, thus, it can overcome shadow fading and fast fading effectively

Decrease interference of system, and increase system capacity and quality

Save power, and expand conversational time

Without power control With power control


WCDMA Handover － Hard Handover

Features

Disconnect the link of source cell first, and then establish a

new link with target cell

“GAP” of communication

Non-CDMA system can only perform hard handover

UE move

Target BSSource BS

time

Data UE received/

sent“GAP” of communication


WCDMA Handover － Soft handover

Features

Peculiar in CDMA system, only happens among cells with the same frequency

Establish a radio link with target cell first, and then disconnect that with source cell, thus, it can avoid communication gap

Soft handover occupies more system resource than hard handover

If two cells which are performing soft handover belong to the same NodeB, maximum ratio combining can be performed in uplink, it is called softer handover

UE move

Target BSSource BS

time

Data UE received/

sentN o “GAP” of communication


WCDMA Transmit and Receive Technology

Diversity technology － overcome signal fa

ding

Space diversity: the horizontal distanc

e of two diversity antennas is greater t

han 10 wavelength

Polarization diversity: the polarization

direction of two receiving antennas is

orthogonal

Transmitting diversity: provide diversities f

or terminals

Receiving diversity: RAKE receiver

b0 b1 b2 b3

b0 b1 b2 b3

-b2 b3 b0 -b1

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

Channel bits

STTD encoded channel bitsfor antenna 1 and antenna 2.


Content


WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction


HSDAP Improve Downlink Data Rate Greatly

Compare between GPRS, CDMA2000 and WCDMA

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

GPRS EDGE CDMA2K 1x 1x EV- DO R99/ R4 HSDPA0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Peak Data Rate(Kbps)Average Rate(Kbps)Frenquency Cost per Bi tEqui pment Cost per Bi t

HSDPA helps WCDMA operators consolidate advantage in the competition

Kbps


HSDPA Key Techniques - Overview

AMC

Fast SchedulingHARQ （ Hybrid ARQ ）

16QAMSF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM

MAC-hs

3 New Physical Channels

HSDPA Peak Rate= (3.84/16)*4*15=14.4MbpsHSDPA Peak Rate= (3.84/16)*4*15=14.4Mbps


HSDPA Key Techniques – New Architecture

High Speed Physical Downlink Shared ChannelHigh Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel• Data Share Channel: Peak Rate 14.4Mbit/s• QPSK and 16 QAM• SF=16 High Speed Shared Control ChannelHigh Speed Shared Control Channel• SF=128• Convey some control information

High Speed Dedicated Physical Control ChannelHigh Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel• SF=256• Convey ACK/NACK and CQI information

DownLinkDownLink

UpLinkUpLink

•MAC-hs layer on NodeB for fast scheduling


HSDPA Architecture-Protocol Stacks

R99/R4

PHYPHY

MACMAC

RLCRLC

PHYPHY L1L1

L2L2

DSCHFP

DSCHFP

L1L1

L2L2

DSCHFP

DSCHFP

MAC-c/sh

MAC-c/sh

L1L1

L2L2

DSCHFP

DSCHFP

L1L1

L2L2

DSCHFP

DSCHFP

MAC-dMAC-d

RLCRLC

Uu Iub Iur

UE Node-B CRNC SRNC

R5 HSDPA

MAC-hs

MAC-hs

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

PHY(3 new CHs)

PHY(3 new CHs)

Additional MAC-hs layer o

n Node-B (H-ARQ, AMC a

nd Scheduling etc)

Additional MAC-hs layer o

n Node-B (H-ARQ, AMC a

nd Scheduling etc)

Uu: New additional 3 Physical layer

Channels, i.e.,HS-PDSCH (Downlink

Data), HS-SCCH (Downlink Control

Signalling), HS-DPCCH (Uplink Con

trol Signalling)

Uu: New additional 3 Physical layer

Channels, i.e.,HS-PDSCH (Downlink

Data), HS-SCCH (Downlink Control

Signalling), HS-DPCCH (Uplink Con

trol Signalling)

Iub, Iur: HS-DSCH FP

(Downlink Data)

Iub, Iur: HS-DSCH FP

(Downlink Data)


HSDPA Key Techniques - AMC

AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel Quality Feedback

Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions− Good channel condition – Higher rate− Bad channel condition – Lower rate

Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel conditions

− Good channel condition –16QAM− Bad channel condition – QPSK

Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports

(every 2ms or more cycle) to NodeB NodeB choose modulation and block size,

data rate primarily based on CQI

AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel Quality Feedback

Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions− Good channel condition – Higher rate− Bad channel condition – Lower rate

Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel conditions

− Good channel condition –16QAM− Bad channel condition – QPSK

Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports

(every 2ms or more cycle) to NodeB NodeB choose modulation and block size,

data rate primarily based on CQI

High data rate

Low data rate

AMC may improve air interface bandwidth, and fit for high speed radio transmission.


HSDPA Key Techniques - HARQ

Conventional ARQ

–Received Transmitted blocks are decoded

–Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks

–If errors

•discard the error bolcks

•Request the trasmitter for retransmission

Conventional ARQ



–If errors

•discard the error bolcks


Hybrid ARQ



–If errors

•Store the erroneous block without discarding


•Combine the received re-trasmission with previously received trasnmisison

Hybrid ARQ



–If errors

•Store the erroneous block without discarding


•Combine the received re-trasmission with previously received trasnmisison

HARQ with Soft Combining

Node-BNode-B

UEUE Packet 1?Packet 1? NN

Packet 1Packet 1 Packet 1Packet 1

Packet 1Packet 1

Packet 1?Packet 1?

+AA

Packet 2Packet 2

Transmitter

Receiver

HARQ may decrease the time of re-transmission, improve the cell throughput.


HSDPA Key Techniques - Fast scheduling

Scheduler based on

CDM, TDM

Channel condition

Amount of data waiting in the queue

(delay)

Fairness (satisfied users)

Scheduler based on

CDM, TDM

Channel condition

Amount of data waiting in the queue

(delay)

Fairness (satisfied users)

Scheduling Algorithms

RR (Round Robin)

MAXC/I (Maximum C/I)

PF (Proportional Fair)

Scheduling Algorithms

RR (Round Robin)

MAXC/I (Maximum C/I)

PF (Proportional Fair)

Who is the next lucky Data?

Who is the next lucky Data?


HSDPA Key Techniques – CDM and TDM

Channelization codes allocatedfor HS-DSCH transmission

8 codes (example)SF=16

SF=8

SF=4

SF=2

SF=1

TTI

User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4

Shared channelization

codes

10 ms20 ms40 ms80 ms

Earlier releases

2 msRel 5 (HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH)

“sub-frames” (2560 chips/slot, 3Slots)

SF16

2ms

CDM/TDM


HSDPA Key Techniques – 16QAM

HSDPA Modulation

QPSK

16QAM


HSDPA Architecture-HSDPA Basic Flow

Node B RNCUE

5) ACK/NACK on HS-DPCCH

6)Data packet+retransmit(if need) On HS-DSCH

Data Packet

2) Schedule and determine HS-DSCH parameter

3) Send HS-DSCH Parameter on HS-SCCH and Data on HS-DSCH

4) Check HS-DSCH parameter, If Ok, Receive, Store data and demodulate

1) CQI on HS-DPCCH


UE HSDPA Capability

HS-DSCH

Category

Max number of HS-PDSCH

codes (SF16) received

Minimum inter TTI

interval

Modulation Max peak rate

Category 1 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2Mbps










Category 11 5 2 QPSK 900Kbps

Category 12 5 1 QPSK 1.8Mbps


HSDPA power allocation proposal

HSDPA initial network

One carrier ---- R4+HSDPA ： HS － SCCH fixed power allocation

HS-PDSCH dynamic power allocation

HSDPA middle and final network

Two carrier ---- R4+HSDPA ： DPCH/HSDPA/CCH dynamic power

allocation

DPCHs high priority

Keep a margin for system stability

Flexible scheme

Power for CCH

Time

Power for DPCH

Power for HSDPA

Total Power


SF=256　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 SF=128 ┏━●C(256,0): PCPICH　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　┏ 0 ┫　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 SF=64 ┃ 　　　┗━● C(256,1): PCCPCH　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　┏ 0 ┫　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　┃　　　┃　　　┏━● C(256,2): AICH　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　┃　　　┗ 1 ┫　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 SF=32 ┃ 　　　　　　　┗━● C(256,3): PICH　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　┏ 0 ┫　　　　　　　　　　　　　 SF=16 ┃ 　　　┗ ● C(64,1):SCCPCH 1　　　　　　　　　　　　┏ 0 ┫　　　　　　　　　　　　┃　　　┃　　　　　　　　　　　　　　┃　　　┃　　　┏ ● C(64,2):SCCPCH 2　　　　　　　　　　　　┃　　　┃　 ┃ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　┃　　　┗ 1 ┫　　　　　　　　　 SF=8 　┃　　　　　　　┃ ┏━● C(128,6):HS-SCCH 1　　　　　　　 ┏ 0 ┫ ┗ 3 ┫　　　　　 SF=4 　┃　　　┗━○ 1 ┃　　　　┏ 0 ┫ ┗━●C(128,7):HS-SCCH 2 　　　　┃　　　┗ ○ 1 ┃　　　┗━○ 1

　　　┏━○ 2 ┃ ┏ ○6 ●CCH　　　　┃ ┃ SF=16 ●HSDPA ┃ ┃ ┏ ●C(16,14):HS-PDSCH 2 ○DCH ┗━ 3 ┫ ┃ ┗ 7 ┫ ┗ ●C(16,15):HS-PDSCH 1

HSDPA code allocation proposal

HSDPA initial network ： Static code allocation and

manual re-allocation on OM

Follow a terminal capability

HSDPA middle and final n

etwork: Completely dynamic code

allocation

DPCHCCH

SF=16SF=8

SF=4

HSDPA

Code reservation example


HSDPA scheduling strategyHSDPA initial network ， proposal ：

Round Robin scheduling

Try to satisfy each subscriber’s QOS based on the fairness principle. Be fit for the scenario without the consideration of subscriber’s priority

HSDPA network on one carrier or the charging based on volume, proposal ：

Max C/I scheduling

Aim at the obtaining the maximal throughput and

some fairness.

The operator with difference service on HSDPA network ，proposal:

Proportional fair (PF ) scheduling The PF scheme offers a good trade-off between RR and maximum C/I. The PF schedules users according to the ratio between their CQI, data rate and other.

RR principle

MAX C/I scheduling principle


Content


WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction


HSUPA Key Techniques - Overview

Fast Scheduling

HARQ （ Hybrid ARQ ）New Channels

Increase of data rate Decrease of delayIncrease of data rate Decrease of delay

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

E-AGCHE-RGCH

E-HICH

Uplink

Downlink

E-DPDCH

E-DPDCH

E-DPDCH

E-DPDCH

E-DPCCHMulti Code

MAC-D

MAC-es

MAC-e

PHY

RNC

NodeB

2ms

2ms 2ms2ms 2ms

New MAC entity

Shorter TTI 2ms


Increase of data rate

New channels

HSUPA Peak Data Rate: 5.76MHSUPA Peak Data Rate: 5.76M

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

E-AGCHE-RGCH

E-HICH

Uplink

Downlink

E-DPDCH

E-DPDCH

E-DPDCH

E-DPDCH

E-DPCCH

Multi Code

New Channels

•Dedicated Channel: E-DCH

•Common Channel: E-AGCH, E-RGCH, E-HICH

Multi Code

•2SF4, 2SF2, 2SF2+2SF4


Decrease of delay

Fast Scheduling HARQ （ Hybrid ARQ ）

20%~50% Delay decrease20%~50% Delay decrease

New MAC entity•MAC-e in NodeB, MAC-es in RNC

Fast Scheduling HARQ Short TTI 2ms

MAC-D

MAC-es

MAC-e

PHY

RNC

NodeB

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential

Fast Scheduling

Iub

RNC

2ms

2ms

2ms

……

NodeBMAC-

e inside

MAC-e

inside

MAC-e Entity: Allocate and schedule

radio resources Process UE resources

request MAC-e PDU De-Multiplex HARQ

MAC-e Entity: Allocate and schedule

radio resources Process UE resources

request MAC-e PDU De-Multiplex HARQ

R99 load in uplink

load

time

50%

HSUPA load

load

time

50%

100% 100%

75%Improving load +25%

Interferenc

e

Capacity

MAC-e in NodeBMAC-e in NodeB

Fast Schedule 10ms TTI --> 2ms TTI

10ms TTI --> 2ms TTI

Scheduling AlgorithmScheduling Algorithm

Decrease the air interface interference Decrease system load jitter, improve UL cap

acity Decrease the roundtrip time between RAN a

nd UE

Decrease the air interface interference Decrease system load jitter, improve UL cap

acity Decrease the roundtrip time between RAN a

nd UE

Benefit:

Capacity increased


New Channel Type and Multi-code

New channels

HSUPA peak rate: 3.84M * (2*SF2+2*SF4) = 3.84M*1.5 = 5.76MbpsHSUPA peak rate: 3.84M * (2*SF2+2*SF4) = 3.84M*1.5 = 5.76Mbps

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

E-AGCHE-RGCH

E-HICH

Uplink

Downlink

E-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCH

E-DPCCH

Multi Code: 2*SF4, 2*SF2, 2*SF2+2*SF4

New channel:Uplink:

•E-DPDCH: Dedicated channel , transfer user data•E-DPCCH: Dedicated channel, transfer physical layer controlling information

Downlink: •E-AGCH: Common channel, transfer information of Absolute granted power•E-RGCH: Dedicated channel, transfer information of Relative granted power •E-HICH: Dedicated channel, transfer ACK/NACK information


HARQ （ Hybrid Automatic Repeat & ReQuest ）

Traditional ARQ:– Decode the received transfer-block

– Check CRC of the block after decode

– If error: • Discard the error block

• Request re-transfer

Traditional ARQ:– Decode the received transfer-block

– Check CRC of the block after decode

– If error: • Discard the error block

• Request re-transfer

Hybrid ARQ:–Decode the received transfer-block

–Check the CRC of the block after decode

–If error:

• Save the error block (no discard ）• Request for re-transfer

• Soft-combine the new block and old one

Hybrid ARQ:–Decode the received transfer-block

–Check the CRC of the block after decode

–If error:

• Save the error block (no discard ）• Request for re-transfer

• Soft-combine the new block and old one

Hu-w-i

H-a-eiHuawei

HARQ: More useful information ， Higher efficiency

Case:

Soft combining

Block1

UETransmitter

NodeBReceiver

Block1’ NACK

Block1

Block1’

Block1’

+ACK

Block2

…


End to end delay comparison

Round trip time of 32-Byte packet

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

R99(DL 20ms TTI

+ UL 20ms TTI)

HSDPA+UL R99(DL 2ms TTI

+ UL 20ms TTI)

HSDPA+HSUPA(DL 2ms TTI

+ UL 2ms TTI)

I nternet I u Core＋ RNC I UB NodeB AI UE

~150 ms

~150 ms

~100 ms

~100 ms

~80 ms~80 ms


Performance Simulation

Cell throughput increase 40~70%

02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 0

1 0 0 01 2 0 01 4 0 01 6 0 0

0 2 4 6 8 1 0d B

kbps

DCH

2 msT T I

1 0 msT T I

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1 1. 2 1. 4di stance(km)

UL T

hrou

ghpu

t(kb

ps)

DCHE- DCHE- DCH(2ms)

Equivalent Coverage performance


Content


WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction


HSPA+, the enhancement of HSPA

Peak data rate comparision

14. 4

5. 76

42

11

0

10

20

30

40

50

DL UL

Mbps

HSPA

HSPA+

VoIP capacity improvement

6898

190

0

50

100

150

200

R99 CS HSPA HSPA+

HSPA+ can improve DL peak date rate up to 42M, compared with HSDPA 14.4M HSPA+ can improve UL peak date rate up to 11M, compared with HSUPA 5.76M HSPA+ can support up to approximately 190 VoIP over HSPA users HSPA+ can reduce E2E latency and user state transition, compared with HSPA HSPA+ can provide “Always on line” user experience


HSPA+, the nature evolution way of HSPA

3GPP R5

HSDPA14.4M

16QAMHARQ

Fast schedulingHS-PDSCH

2ms TTIMAC-hs

3GPP R6

HSUPA5.76M

QPSKHARQ

Fast schedulingE-DPCCH2ms TTI

MAC-e/es

3GPP R7

HSPA+DL: 21M, 64QAM

DL: 28M, MIMOUL: 11M, 16QAM

CPCEnhanced

CELL_FACHEnhanced Layer2

3GPP R8

HSPA+

DL: 42M, 64QAM+MIMO

UL Enhanced CELL_FACH

UL Enhanced Layer2

Both HSPA and HSPA+ are defined in 3GPP

HSPA+ backward compatible with HSPA

All HSPA terminals can still be used in HSPA+

network


HSPA+ key technologies for higher data rate

Data stream 1

Data stream 2

Peak data rate: 1.5 times than HSDPA

DL:64QAM

UL:16QAM

Peak data rate: 2 times than HSUPA

Peak data rate: Double

DL: 2*2MIMO

320bit 640bitFixed RLC PDU size

Flexible RLC PDU size

L2 Enhancement

L2 is not a bottleneck any more

HOM (Higher Order Modulation) used in both DL and UL MIMO can be used separately or combined with 64QAM in DL Great benefits in the case of good channel condition


HSPA+ key technologies for larger capacity

DTCH/DCCH/CCCH/BCCH is mapped onto HS-DSCH instead of FACH channel

Increase the available peak rate for UE in CELL_FACH state by using HSDPA

HS_DSCH

HS_SSCH

HS_SSCH Less Operation

First transmission Retransmission

NodeB DRX

UE DTX

…… ……

…… ……

CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)Pilot TFCI FBI TPC

Pilot TPC

DPCCH

New DPCCH

DTCH

DCCH

CCCH

BCCH

PCCH PCH

FACH

HS-DSCH

Enhanced CELL_FACH

Reduce Uplink interference to improve uplink capacity

Reduce downlink transmission power to improve downlink capacity

CELL_FACH Enhanced CELL_FACH


HSPA+ key technologies for better user experience

Enhanced CELL_FACH

Reduce the latency of user and control plane in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state by higher data peak rate

Reduce state transition delay from CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state to CELL_DCH state

Reduce call setup delay and HTTP response time

CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)

DTX_DRX save power consumption of terminal so that more users can stay in CELL_DCH state and spend less time in reactivation with no need of state transfer.

L2 Enhancement

With flexible RLC PDU size, small size will be configured in poor coverage area in order to be sent successfully.


Content


WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

Thank youwww.huawei.com

1.WCDMA basic principle introduction.ppt

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