Basic Scba Powerpoint (Rev 10-12-13)

7/24/2019 Basic Scba Powerpoint (Rev 10-12-13)

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Alabama Fire College

Basic SCBA

Self-Contained Breathing

Apparatus


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Introduction Failure to use the SCBAproperly canresult in injury or death

Respiratory systemextremely

vulnerable Fire departments must have a mas

rule

!ear and use SCBA in IDLHatmosphere

SCBA necessary even during exteriordefensive operations

"#$


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Introduction %cont&d#' Any inhaled toxic gas can directly

cause disease of the lung tissue

(ne in )$ firefighters is injured inthe line of duty each year

Smoe inhalation accounts for )*

percent of fatalities

+ $) percent of fireground injuries

"#,


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Conditions e.uiring

espiratory /rotection (xygen deficiency

0igh temperatures Smoe or by-products of

combustion

1oxic environments

"#2


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(xygen-3eficient4nvironments Fire consumes oxygen

+ /roduces toxic gases

+ 3isplace or dilute oxygen

(xygen concentrations belo5 )6#7percent are oxygen-deficientatmospheres

Affects on the human body8+ 9uscular impairment

+ 9ental confusion

+ 3eath "#7


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Alabama Fire College"#:

1able "-) 4ffects of 0ypoxia %educed (xygen'


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4levated 1emperatures espiratory system sensitive to

temperature

Air temperatures as lo5 as ):7;F can

cause death 5ithin ) minute Inhaling gases causes8

+ /ulmonary edema

+ Asphyxiation

+



Smoe >nburned products of combustion?

particles of carbon? tar? associated gases



4ffects of 1oxic @ases

and 1oxic 4nvironments Combustion produces toxic gases and

irritants

+ Affect short- and long-term health

!hen combustion products combine may

form lethal toxins

Some common gases affect circulatory

system Commercial occupancies may produce

additional toxins

+ e.uires higher level of protection

"#6



"#)=

1able "-$ 1oxic @ases Formed as /roducts of Combustion



se

Common sense8 >se SCBA on everyfire scene

+ Start to finish

egulations developed for SCBA use (rganiations established regulations

and standards

"#))



1itle $6 Code of Federal

egulations? Section )6)=#),2

4stablishes standards for all entries into

I3



F/A )7==8 Standard on Fire3epartment (ccupational Safety

and 0ealth /rogram

Authority having jurisdiction AH!"mustadopt the standard for the fire department

1hree additional standards8

+ F/A )2=28 minimum re.uirements for

protection programs+ F/A )6*)8 design and performance criteria

+ F/A )6*$8 standards on /ASS

"#),


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nderstand limitations to use unit

effectively and safely


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Alabama Fire College"#)7

Figure "-" Continuous training 5ith SCBA is one of

the eys to effective firefighting operations#


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SCBA 3esign and Sie SCBA units add 5eight and bul to //4

SCBA cylinder consumed more .uicly

than length of time rated for8

+


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ser /hysical? mental? emotional state

cause usage problems

+ /hysical limitations8 added 5eight and

bul

+ /hysiological limitations


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Air Supply 9anagement Air supply management+ 9ust understand air consumption rates

+ Individual point of no return

+ 0eads up display

arious methods of breathing tae experimentation

on the part of the firefighter

+ >se normal breaths and exhale slo5ly

+ #everhold breath

+ Controlled breathing is most efficient use of air

"#)*


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Alabama Fire College"#)6

Figure "-)) An example of an air consumption test#


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1ypes of Self-ContainedBreathing Apparatus 15o types of SCBA8

+ (pen-circuit SCBA

4xhaled air is vented to outsideatmosphere

9ost common

+ Closed-circuit SCBA

4xhaled air stays in the system forfiltering? cleaning? circulation

Sometimes used for specialied rescueincidents

"#$=


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(pen-Circuit Self-Contained

Breathing Apparatus 3esigned and built in accordance

5ith I(S0 and F/A standards

Four basic assembly components8

+ Bacpac and harness

+ Cylinder

+ egulator+ Face piece assembly

"#$)


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Alabama Fire College"#$$

Figure "-), 1he four components of the open-circuit SCBA

are the bacpacDharness? cylinder? regulator? and face piece

assemblies#


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Alabama Fire College"#$,

Head Harness

Head Straps

Voice Emitter

Regulator Adapter Port

Nose Cone

Head Straps


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Alabama Fire College"#$2

Purge Valve

(Emergency

Bypass)

Regulator Quic

!isconnect "it# H$!

Connector

Heads $p!isplay

(H$!)

%ace Piece &oc 'a

ec#anism

Air Saver S"itc# ort#e

!on*!o++ S"itc#


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Closed-Circuit Self-Contained

Breathing Apparatus ot used for firefighting operations

9ost common use8 haardous materials

incidents Air supplies range from ,= minutes to four hours

Contain cylinder? filter system? regulator? andvalves

Clean and filter exhaled breath and add oxygen+ Air supply duration based on filteringDcleaning and

oxygen capacity of unit

"#$7


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(pen-Circuit Supplied

Air espirators (pen-circuit supp$ied air respirators

SARs"

+ Also called airline respirators+ emote air supply

Commonly used for haardous materials

incidents

+ Confined space rescues


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Inspection and 9aintenance ofSelf-Contained Breathing

Apparatus

Inspection on daily or regular basis Al5ays follo5 manufacturer&s

instructions

/rocedures in this chapter may differfrom the recommendation

"#$"


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3aily 9aintenance SCBA units should be checed

daily

If used during emergency scene or

training exercise should be

serviced in same manner

Follo5 )=-step inspection

procedure

"#$*


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Annual and Biannual

9aintenance I(S0 and SCBA manufacturers

re.uire different functional tests of

SCBA units

(nly manufacturer&s authoried or

trained service personnel shall

conduct these tests Firefighters should refer to the

instructions for the SCBA units used

"#,=


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@eneral Considerations (perational safety checs must be

performed

Conducted on a daily or regular

basis

+ Immediately prior to using the SCBA

unit

If any component does not operateproperly or is damaged? unit taen

out of service immediately

"#,)


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Alabama Fire College"#,$

Figure "-$, Firefighters must perform regular checs

of SCBA to ensure the unit&s ability to operate#


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3onning and 3offing Self-

Contained Breathing Apparatus

9ost common donning procedures8

+ Seat-mounted position in the apparatus+ Side compartment on the apparatus

+ Storage case

efer to manufacturer&s instructions

"#,,


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Storage Case 15o methods to don unit8

+ E(ver the head

+ ECoat

+ Choice is a matter of personal

preference and training

efer to donning instructions for the

particular SCBA unit

"#,2


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Seat-9ounted Apparatus Allo5s for .uic donning >nit readily available for regular

inspection

1hree important safety re.uirements8+ Storing of the face piece

+ 3onning the unit 5hile vehicle is moving

+ Checing the cylinder gauge

ever don 5hile vehicle is in motion Chec gauge before response or use the

buddy system

"#,7


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Compartment or Side-9ounted

Apparatus Similar to seat-mounted position

except firefighter is standing

If mount bracet 5rong height? use

Ecoat method

Follo5 donning methods for particular

mounting style

"#,:


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3onning the SCBA Face /iece 9ost SCBA face pieces donned in a similarmanner+ 3ifference in style of head straps? regulator

location

4ssential to protect firefighter from toxicgases

Firefighter must be fitted for the face pieceto be used 5ith a particular manufacturer&s

SCBA /rohibit anything that may interfere 5ith

proper fit and seal of face piece+ 4xamples8 eye glasses? beards? sideburns

"#,"


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emovingD3offing the

SCBA >nit @enerally to remove SCBA donning procedure

is reversed

If a5aiting another assignment? remove facepiece

+ Allo5 normal breathing? conserve air

3o not 5ear the mas 5ithout air flo5ing into it

egulator or face piece must not becontaminated

After assignment complete? report to

rehabilitation

"#,*


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Safe >se of SCBA 4ssential to firefighter survival SCBA unit and protective e.uipment

add 5eight and bul

+ Increased exertion and loss of body

fluids

Firefighters must be a5are of

symptoms of heat stress+ Be a5are of o5n limitations and

abilities

"#2=


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(perating in a 0ostile

4nvironment @eneral rules8

+ Chec in 5ith accountability officer 5hen entering

or exiting+ emain lo5? chec the environment and

conditions

+ ever remove the face piece? maintain an

a5areness of location

+ entilate as you advance if it does not spread fire+ Chec for outside openings

+ 9aintain direct contact 5ith other team members

+ ever enter a hostile environment alone

"#2)


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estricted (penings

/robe tight spot 5ith a tool

Be sure conditions on other side of

obstacle are safe

Shift pac to left side

ES5im through obstacle bac5ards

EFor5ard dive techni.ue

3o not remove SCBA unless

absolutely necessary

"#2$


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Alabama Fire College"#2,

Figure "-,) Firefighters may have to get beneath an

obstacle to facilitate their escape? 5hich may also

re.uire them to lo5er their profile#


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4mergency /rocedures 4mergency procedures exist to assist a

firefighter in safe escape from haard

emain calm? rely on training and

no5ledge ever remove the face piece of the SCBA

Standard emergency chec procedure

stressed

If entangled? do not pull for5ard+ >se 5ire cutters to cut one 5ire at a time

+ ES5im method

"#22


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"#27

Figure "-,$ 4mergency procedures chec#


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Changing SCBA Cylinders

Cylinders changed after use? follo5ing

local S(/s

Cylinder 6= percent full could mean loss

of $7 minutes of air supply

+ Could mae the difference in successful exit

Follo5 )$-step replacement procedure

Additional steps for t5o-person SCBAcylinder replacement

"#2:


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Servicing SCBA Cylinders

Cylinder serviced 5hen belo5 full+Air source must be tested and certified

+All cylinders must have a current

hydrostatic test date+All fill stations must have fragmentation

containment devices

+All manufacturer&s recommendationsshould be follo5ed

+ Fill rate may vary

Cascade system

CompressorDpurifier system"#2"


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"#2*

Figure "-,: %A' A cascade system is one of the systems available

to service SCBA cylinders# 1hese may be fixed or mobile units# %B'

%A' %B'


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Summary

SCBA is one of the most important items of //4

that firefighters have available to them#

An increase in safety regulations and

improvements in design and construction ofSCBA have greatly increased their safety and

reliability#

An SCBA has limitations and also increases the

limitations and demands on the firefighter&sphysical conditioning#

"#7=


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Summary

1he firefighter must be familiar and

comfortable 5ith the use? emergency

procedures? inspection? and maintenance

of an SCBA#

1he firefighter must be proficient in the

proper and rapid procedures for donning

and doffing SCBA#

" 7)

Basic Scba Powerpoint (Rev 10-12-13)

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Transcript of Basic Scba Powerpoint (Rev 10-12-13)