BasedonLatestPatternAsPerD.G.E.T.Guidelines

BasicComputerCourse

MukeshSharma

AbhishekPublications,Chandigarh/NewDelhi

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorby any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by anyinformation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from thepublishers/copyrightowner.

ISBN:978-81-8247-480-2

Copyright:Author

FirstEdition:2013

Price:

Publishedby:

AbhishekPublications

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e-mail:abhpub@yahoo.comwww.abhishekpublications.com

Contents

Syllabus4

1KnowingComputer9

2.OperatingComputerusingGUIbasedOperatingSystem29

3.UnderstandingWordProcessing49

4.UsingSpreadsheet69

5.CommunicatingusingtheInternet87

6.WWWandWebBrowsers94

7.CommunicationsandCollaboration113

8.MakingSmallPresentation125

OUTLINESYLLABUS

TheoryTutorialsPractical

01.KnowingComputer

02.OperatingComputerusingGUIbasedOperatingSystem

03.UnderstandingWordProcessing

04.UsingSpreadsheet

05.CommunicatingusingtheInternet

06.WWWandWebBrowsers

07.CommunicationsandCollaboration

08.MakingSmallPresentation

DETAILEDSYLLABUSKnowingComputer

1.0Introduction

1.1Objectives

1.2WhatisComputer?

1.2.1BasicApplicationsofComputer

1.3ComponentsofComputerSystem

1.3.1CentralProcessingUnit

1.3.2Keyboard,MouseandVDU

1.3.3OtherInputDevices

1.3.4OtherOutputDevices

1.3.5ComputerMemory

1.4ConceptofHardwareandSoftware

1.4.1Hardware

1.4.2Software

1.4.2.1ApplicationSoftware

1.4.2.2SystemsSoftware

1.5ConceptofComputing,DataandInformation

1.6ApplicationsofIECT

1.6.1e-Governance

1.6.2Entertainment

1.7BringingComputertolife

1.7.1ConnectingKeyboard,Mouse,MonitorandPrintertoCPU

1.7.2CheckingPowerSupply

1.8Summary

1.9ModelAnswers

OPERATINGCOMPUTERUSINGGUIBASEDOPERATINGSYSTEM

2.0Introduction

2.1Objectives

2.2BasicsofOperatingSystem

2.2.1OperatingSystem

2.2.2BasicsofPopularOperatingSystem(LINUX,WINDOWS)

2.3TheUserInterface

2.3.1Taskbar

2.3.2Icons

2.3.3Menu

2.3.4Runninganapplication

2.4OperatingSystem

2.4.1ChangingSystemDateandTime

2.4.2ChangingDisplayProperties

2.4.3ToAddorRemoveAWindowsComponent

2.4.4ChangingMouseProperties

2.4.5AddingandRemovingPrinters

2.5FileandDirectoryManagement

2.5.1CreatingandRenamingofFilesandDirectories

2.6CommonUtilities

2.7Summary

2.8ModelAnswers

UNDERSTANDINGWORDPROCESSING

3.0Introduction

3.1Objectives

3.2WordProcessingBasics

3.2.1OpeningWordProcessingPackage

3.2.2MenuBar

3.2.3UsingtheHelp

3.2.4UsingtheIconsbelowMenuBar

3.3OpeningandClosingDocuments

3.3.1OpeningDocuments

3.3.2SaveandSaveas

3.3.3PageSetup

3.3.4PrintPreview

3.3.5PrintingofDocuments

3.4TextCreationandManipulation

3.4.1DocumentCreation

3.4.2EditingText

3.4.3TextSelection

3.4.4Cut,CopyandPaste

3.4.5SpellCheck

3.4.6Thesaurus

3.5FormattingofText

3.5.1FontandSizeSelection

3.5.2AlignmentofText

3.5.3ParagraphIndenting

3.5.4BulletsandNumbering

3.5.5ChangingCase

3.6TableManipulation

3.6.1DrawTable

3.6.2ChangingCellwidthandHeight

3.6.3AlignmentofTextinCell

3.6.4Delete/Insertionofrowandcolumn

3.6.5BorderandShading

3.7Summary

3.8ModelQuestion&Answers

USINGSPREADSHEET

4.0Introduction

4.1Objectives

4.2ElementsofElectronicSpreadsheet

4.2.1OpeningofSpreadsheet

4.2.2AddressingofCells

4.2.3PrintingofSpreadsheet

4.2.4SavingWorkbooks

4.3ManipulationofCells

4.3.1EnteringText,NumbersandDates

4.3.2CreatingText,NumberandDateSeries

4.3.3EditingWorksheetData

4.3.4InsertingandDeletingRows,Columns

4.3.5ChangingCellHeightandWidth

4.4FormulasandFunction

4.4.1UsingFormulas

4.4.2Function

4.5Summary

4.6ModelAnswers

COMMUNICATIONUSINGTHEINTERNET

5.0Introduction

5.1Objectives

5.2BasicofComputerNetworks

5.2.1LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)

5.2.2WideAreaNetwork(WAN)

5.3Internet

5.3.1ConceptofInternet

5.3.2ApplicationsofInternet

5.3.3ConnectingtotheInternet

5.3.4Troubleshooting

5.4Summary

5.5ModelAnswers

WWWANDWEBBROWSER

6.0Introduction

6.1Objectives

6.2WorldWideWeb(WWW)

6.3WebBrowsingSoftwares

6.3.1PopularWebBrowsingSoftwares

6.4SearchEngines

6.4.1PopularSearchEngines/Searchforcontent

6.4.2AccessingWebBrowser

6.4.3UsingFavoritesFolder

6.4.4DownloadingWebPages

6.4.5PrintingWebPages

6.5UnderstandingURL

6.6SurfingtheWeb

6.6.1Usinge-GovernanceWebsite

6.7Summary

6.8ModelAnswers

COMMUNICATIONSANDCOLLABORATION

7.0Introduction

7.1Objectives

7.2BasicsofE-mail

7.2.1WhatisanElectronicMail

7.2.2E-mailAddressing

7.3UsingE-mails

7.3.1OpeningE-mailAccount

7.3.2Mailbox:InboxandOutbox

7.3.3CreatingandSendinganewE-mail

7.3.4ReplyingtoanE-mailmessage

7.3.5ForwardingandE-mailmessage

7.3.6SortingandSearchingE-mails

7.4DocumentCollaboration

7.5InstantMessagingandCollaboration

7.5.1Usinginstantmessaging

7.5.2Instantmessagingproviders

7.5.3Netiquettes

7.6Summary

7.7ModelAnswers

MAKINGSMALLPRESENTATIONS

8.0Introduction

8.1Objectives

8.2Basics

8.2.1UsingPowerPoint

8.2.2OpeningaPowerPointPresentation

8.2.3SavingaPresentation

8.3CreatingaPresentation

8.3.1CreatingaPresentationusingaTemplate

8.3.2CreatingaBlankPresentation

8.3.3EnteringandEditingText

8.3.4InsertingandDeletingSlidesinaPresentation

8.4PreparationofSlides

8.4.1InsertingWordTableoranExcelWorksheet

8.4.2AddingClipArtPictures

8.4.3InsertingOtherObjects

8.4.4ResizingOtherObjects

8.5PresentationofSlides

8.5.1ViewingaPresentation

8.5.2ChoosingaSetupforPresentation

8.5.3PrintingSlidesandHandouts

8.6SlideShow

8.6.1RunningaSlideShow

8.6.2TransitionandSlideTimings

8.6.3AutomatingaSlideShow

8.7Summary

8.8ModelAnswers

Chapter1IntroductiontoComputers

In todaysworldwhereverwe gowe are surrounded by various varieties of computers.Theyenableustosendorreceivedatafromanypartoftheworldwithaclickofamouse.Todaywecanwritee-mails,playgames,watch television, listen tomusic,workonourofficedata,watchvideolecturesanddoendlessthingsthroughourcomputers.Computerstodaycomeinmanyshapesandsizeslikedesktop,laptop,palmtods,PDAsetc.

WhatIsaComputer

A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) andmanipulatesitforsomeresultbasedonaprogramorsequenceofinstructionsonhowthedataistobeprocessed.Aprogrammerisapersonwhoinputsthedataintothecomputerinordertogetadesiredfinalresult.

BasicApplicationsofaComputer

Computers have become an important part of our lives. You can use computer to getinformationaboutthereservationoftickets(railways,airplanesandcinemahalls),booksinalibrary,medicalhistoryofaperson,aplaceinamap,orthedictionarymeaningofaword.Theinformationmaybepresentedtoyouintheformoftext, images,videoclips,etc.

Education Computers are extensively used, as a tool and as an aid, for impartingeducation. Educators use computers to prepare notes and presentations of theirlectures. Computers are used to develop computer-based training packages, toprovide distance education using the e-learning software, and to conduct onlineexaminations. Researchers use computers to get easy access to conference andjournaldetailsandtogetglobalaccesstotheresearchmaterial.Entertainment Computers have had amajor impact on the entertainment industry.Theusercandownloadandviewmovies,playgames,chat,bookticketsforcinemahalls,usemultimediaformakingmovies,incorporatevisualandsoundeffectsusingcomputers,etc.Theuserscanalsolistentomusic,downloadandsharemusic,createmusicusingcomputers,etc.SportsAcomputercanbeusedtowatchagame,viewthescores,improvethegame,playgames(likechess,etc.)andcreategames.Theyarealsousedforthepurposesoftrainingplayers.Advertising Computer is a powerful advertising media. Advertisement can bedisplayedondifferentwebsites,electronic-mailscanbesentandreviewsofaproductby different customers can be posted. Computers are also used to create anadvertisementusingthevisualandthesoundeffects.Fortheadvertisers,computerisamediumviawhichtheadvertisementscanbeviewedglobally.Webadvertisinghasbecomeasignificantfactor in themarketingplansofalmostallcompanies.Infact,thebusinessmodelofGoogleismainlydependentonwebadvertisingforgeneratingrevenues.MedicineMedicalresearchersandpractitionersusecomputerstoaccessinformation

about the advances inmedical researchor to takeopinionof doctors globally.Themedicalhistoryofpatientsisstoredinthecomputers.Computersarealsoanintegralpartofvariouskindsof sophisticatedmedical equipments likeultrasoundmachine,CATscanmachine,MRIscanmachine,etc.Computersalsoprovideassistancetothemedicalsurgeonsduringcriticalsurgeryoperationslikelaparoscopicoperations,etc.Science and Engineering Scientists and engineers use computers for performingcomplex scientific calculations, for designing and making drawings (CAD/CAMapplications)andalsoforsimulatingandtestingthedesigns.Computersareusedforstoring the complex data, performing complex calculations and for visualizing 3-dimensionalobjects.Complex scientific applications like the launchof the rockets,spaceexploration,etc.,arenotpossiblewithoutthecomputers.GovernmentThegovernmentusescomputerstomanageitsownoperationsandalsofor e-governance. The websites of the different government departments provideinformation to the users. Computers are used for the filing of income tax return,payingtaxes,onlinesubmissionofwaterandelectricitybills,fortheaccessoflandrecord details, etc. The police department uses computers to search for criminalsusingfingerprintmatching,etc.

HomeComputershavenowbecomean integralpartofhomeequipment.Athome,people use computers to play games, to maintain the home accounts, forcommunicatingwithfriendsandrelativesviaInternet,forpayingbills,foreducationandlearning,etc.Microprocessorsareembeddedinhouseholdutilitieslike,washingmachines,TVs,foodprocessors,hometheatres,securitydevices,etc.

ComponentsofaComputerSystem

Acomputerisasystemofmanypartsworkingtogether.Thephysicalparts,whichyoucanseeand touch,arecollectivelycalledhardware. (Software,on theotherhand, refers totheinstructions,orprograms,thattellthehardwarewhattodo.)

Theillustrationbelowshowsthemostcommonhardwareinadesktopcomputersystem.Yoursystemmaylookalittledifferent,butitprobablyhasmostoftheseparts.Alaptopcomputerhassimilarpartsbutcombinesthemintoasinglenotebook-sizedpackage.

Desktopcomputersystem

Letstakealookateachoftheseparts.

Systemunit

Thesystemunitisthecoreofacomputersystem.Usuallyitsarectangularboxplacedonor underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that processinformation. The most important of these components is the central processing unit(CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the brain of your computer. Anothercomponentisrandomaccessmemory(RAM),whichtemporarilystoresinformationthattheCPUuseswhile thecomputer ison.TheinformationstoredinRAMiserasedwhenthecomputeristurnedoff.

Almosteveryotherpartofyourcomputerconnects to thesystemunitusingcables.Thecables plug into specific ports(openings), typically on the back of the system unit.Hardware that is not part of the system unit is sometimes called aperipheraldeviceordevice.

Systemunit

StorageandComputerMemory

Computermemoryisoftwotypesnamely,primaryandsecondary.

Primary memory :- Alternatively referred to as internal memory, main memory,andprimarymemory,primarystorageisastoragelocationthatholdsmemoryforshortperiodsoftimeswhilethecomputerrunning.Forexample,computerRAMandcacheareboth examples of a primary storage device. This storage is the fastestmemory in yourcomputerandisusedtostoredatawhileitsbeingused.Forexample,whenyouopenaprogramdataismovedfromthesecondarystorageintotheprimarystorage.

Secondary Memory :- Secondary memory refers to storage devices, such as harddrives and solid state drives. It may also refer to removable storage media, such asUSBflashdrives,CDs,andDVDs.

Unlike primary memory, secondary memory is not accessed directly by the CPU.Instead,dataaccessedfromsecondarymemoryisfirstloadedintoRAMandisthensenttotheprocessor.TheRAMplaysanimportant intermediaterole,sinceitprovidesmuchfaster data access speeds than secondary memory. By loadingsoftwareprogramsandfilesintoprimarymemory,computerscanprocessdatamuchmorequickly.

While secondary memory is much slower than primary memory, it typically offers fargreaterstoragecapacity.Forexample,acomputermayhaveaoneterabyteharddrive,butonly16gigabytesofRAM.Thatmeansthecomputerhasroughly64timesmoresecondarymemorythanprimarymemory.Additionally,secondarymemoryisnon-volatile,meaningitretainsitsdatawithorwithoutelectricalpower.RAM,ontheotherhand,iserasedwhena computer is shut down or restarted. Therefore, secondary memory is used to storepermanentdata,suchastheoperatingsystem,applications,anduserfiles.

StorageDevices

Yourcomputerhasoneormorediskdrivesdevicesthatstoreinformationonametalorplasticdisk.Thediskpreservestheinformationevenwhenyourcomputeristurnedoff.

Harddiskdrive

Your computershard disk drive stores information on ahard disk, a rigid platter orstackofplatterswithamagneticsurface.Becauseharddiskscanholdmassiveamountsofinformation, they usually serve as your computers primary means of storage, holdingalmostallofyourprogramsandfiles.Theharddiskdriveisnormallylocatedinsidethesystemunit.

Harddiskdrive

CDandDVDdrives

NearlyallcomputerstodaycomeequippedwithaCDorDVDdrive,usuallylocatedonthefrontof thesystemunit.CDdrivesuselaserstoread(retrieve)datafromaCD,andmany CD drives can alsowrite (record) data onto CDs. If you have a recordable diskdrive,youcanstorecopiesofyour filesonblankCDs.YoucanalsouseaCDdrive toplaymusicCDsonyourcomputer.

CD

DVDdrivescandoeverythingthatCDdrivescan,plusreadDVDs.IfyouhaveaDVDdrive,youcanwatchmoviesonyourcomputer.ManyDVDdrivescanrecorddataontoblankDVDs.

Floppydiskdrive

Floppydiskdrives store informationon floppydisks, also called floppies ordiskettes.Compared toCDsandDVDs,floppydiskscanstoreonlyasmallamountofdata.Theyalsoretrieveinformationmoreslowlyandaremorepronetodamage.Forthesereasons,floppydisk drives are less popular than theyused to be, although some computers stillincludethem.

Floppydisk

Whyare floppydisks floppy?Even though theoutside ismadeofhardplastic, thatsjustthesleeve.Thediskinsideismadeofathin,flexiblevinylmaterial.

Mouse

Amouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen.Althoughmice come inmany shapes, the typicalmouse does look a bit like an actualmouse.Itssmall,oblong,andconnectedtothesystemunitbyalongwirethatresemblesatail.Somenewermicearewireless.

Mouse

A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and asecondarybutton.Manymicealsohaveawheelbetween the twobuttons,whichallowsyoutoscrollsmoothlythroughscreensofinformation.

Whenyoumovethemousewithyourhand,apointeronyourscreenmovesinthesamedirection.(Thepointersappearancemightchangedependingonwhereitspositionedonyourscreen.)Whenyouwanttoselectanitem,youpointtotheitemandthenclick(pressandrelease)theprimarybutton.Pointingandclickingwithyourmouseisthemainwaytointeractwithyourcomputer.

Keyboard

Akeyboard is usedmainly for typing text into your computer. Like the keyboard on atypewriter,ithaskeysforlettersandnumbers,butitalsohasspecialkeys:

Thefunctionkeys, foundonthetoprow,performdifferentfunctionsdependingonwheretheyareused.Thenumeric keypad, located on the right side ofmost keyboards, allows you toenternumbersquickly.Thenavigationkeys,suchasthearrowkeys,allowyoutomoveyourpositionwithin

adocumentorwebpage.

Keyboard

Youcanalsouseyourkeyboardtoperformmanyofthesametasksyoucanperformwithamouse.

Monitor

Amonitordisplaysinformationinvisualform,usingtextandgraphics.Theportionofthemonitor that displays the information is called the screen. Like a television screen, acomputerscreencanshowstillormovingpictures.

Therearetwobasictypesofmonitors:CRT(cathoderaytube)monitorsandLCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)monitors.Both typesproducesharp images,butLCDmonitorshave theadvantageofbeingmuchthinnerandlighter.CRTmonitors,however,aregenerallymoreaffordable.

LCDmonitor(left);CRTmonitor(right)

Printer

Aprintertransfersdatafromacomputerontopaper.Youdontneedaprintertouseyourcomputer,buthavingoneallowsyou toprint email, cards, invitations, announcements,andothermaterials.Manypeoplealsolikebeingabletoprinttheirownphotosathome.

Thetwomaintypesofprintersareinkjetprintersandlaserprinters.Inkjetprintersarethemostpopularprintersforthehome.Theycanprintinblackandwhiteorinfullcolorandcanproducehigh-qualityphotographswhenusedwithspecialpaper.Laserprintersarefasterandgenerallybetterabletohandleheavyuse.

Inkjetprinter(left);laserprinter(right)

Speakers

Speakersareusedtoplaysound.Theymaybebuiltintothesystemunitorconnectedwithcables.Speakersallowyoutolistentomusicandhearsoundeffectsfromyourcomputer.

Computerspeakers

Modem

ToconnectyourcomputertotheInternet,youneedamodem.Amodemisadevicethatsends and receives computer information over a telephone line or high-speed cable.Modemsaresometimesbuilt into thesystemunit,buthigher-speedmodemsareusuallyseparatecomponents.

Modem

ComputerSoftwares

Acomputercannotdoanythingonitsown.Itmustbeinstructedtodoadesiredtodoadesiredjob.Hence,itisnecessarytospecifyasequenceofinstructions,whichacomputermustperformtosolveaproblem.Softwaretellsthecomputerwhattodoandhowtodo.Acomputerperformsdifferentoperationsaccordingtotheinstructionofsoftware.Softwareisdevelopedinacomputerprogramminglanguage.

Typesofsoftware

Although,therangeofsoftwareavailabletodayisvastandvaried,mostsoftwarecanbedividedintotwomajorcategories:

1.SystemSoftware,

2.ApplicationSoftware

SystemSoftware:

Systemsoftwareisasetofoneormoreprograms,designedtocontroltheoperationandextend theprocessingcapabilityof a computer system. Ingeneral, a computers systemsoftwareperformsoneormoreofthefollowingfunctions:

Supportsthedevelopmentofotherapplicationsoftware.

Supportstheexecutionofotherapplicationsoftware.

Monitors the effective use of various hardware resources, such as CPU, memory,peripherals,etc.

Communicateswithandcontrolstheoperationofperipheraldevices,suchasprinter,disk,tape,etc.

Hence, system software makes the operation of a computer systemmore efficient andeffective.

It helps the hardware components work together, and provides support for thedevelopment and executionof application software.Theprograms included in a systemsoftwarepackagearecalledsystemprograms,andtheprogrammerswhopreparesystemsoftwarearereferredtoassystemprogrammers.

Someofthemostcommonlyknowntypesofsystemsoftwareare:

OperatingSystems:Everycomputerhasanoperatingsystemsoftware,whichtakescareof theeffectiveandefficientutilizationofall thehardwareandsoftwarecomponentsofthecomputersystem.

Programming Language Translators: Programming language translators are systemsoftware,which transform the instructions prepared by programmers in a programminglanguage,intoaform,whichcanbeinterpretedandexecuted.

CommunicationSoftware:Inanetworkenvironment,communicationssoftwareenablestransferofdataandprogramsfromonecomputertoanother.

Utility Programs: Utility programs are set of programs, which help users in systemmaintenancetasks,andinperformingtasksofroutinenature.Someofthetaskcommonlyperformed by utility programs include formatting of hard disk or floppy disks, takingbackupoffilesstoredonharddisk,sortingoftherecordsstoredinafile,etc.

ApplicationSoftware:

Application software is a set of one or more programs, designed to solve a specificproblem,ortodoaspecifictask.Forexample,applicationsoftwareforpayrollprocessingproducts pay slips as the major output, and application software for processingexamination resultsproducesmark sheetsas themajoralongwith someother statisticalreports. Similarly, a program written by a scientist to solve his/her particular researchproblem is also application software. The programs included in application softwarepackage are called application programs, and the programmerswhoprepare applicationsoftwarearereferredtoasapplicationprogrammers.Someofthemostcommonlyknown

applicationsoftwaresare:

Word-Processing Software: Word processing software enables us to make use of acomputer system for creating, editing, and viewing, formatting, sorting, retrieving andprintingdocuments.

Spreadsheet Software: Spreadsheet software is a numeric data analysis tool, whichallowsustocreateakindofcomputerledger.Amanualledgerisabookhavingrowsandcolumns, which accountants use for financial transactions, and for preparing financialstatements.

DatabaseSoftware:Adatabaseisacollectionofrelateddatastoredandtreatedasaunitfor information retrievalpurposes.Database software is a set ofoneormoreprograms,whichenableustocreateadatabase,maintainit,organizeitsdataindesiredfashion,andtoselectivelyretrieveusefulinformationfromit.

Graphics Software: A graphics software enables us to use a computer system forcreating, editing, viewing, sorting, retrieving and printing designs, drawings, pictures,graphs,andanythingelsethatcanbedrawninthetraditionalmanner.

EducationSoftware:Educationsoftwareallowsacomputersystemtobeusedasteachingandlearningtool.Afewexamplesofsuchapplicationsarethosethatteachyoungchildrentodo

(a)mathematics;(b)recognizealphabets;and(c)readwholeandsentences.EntertainmentSoftware:Entertainmentsoftwareallowsacomputersystemtobeused as an entertainment tool. A good example of such an application iscomputervideogames.

ConceptofComputing,DataandInformation

Computing is a purpose oriented activity requiring, benefiting from computers. Forexample,computingincludesdesigning,developingandbuildinghardwareandsoftwaresystems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doingscientificresearchonandwithcomputers;makingcomputersystemsbehaveintelligently;creatingandusingcommunicationsandentertainmentmediaetc.

Datacanbedefinedasa representationof facts,conceptsor instruction ina formalizedmanner which should be suitable for communication , interpretation or processing byhuman or electronic machine. Data is represented with the help of characters likealphabets(AZ,az),digits(0-9)orspecialcharacters(+,,/,*,,=etc).

Information isorganisedorclassifieddataso that ithassomemeaningfulvalues to thereceiver.Informationistheprocesseddataonwhichdecisionsandactionsarebased.Forthe decision to be meaningful, the processed data must qualify for the followingcharacteristics

Timely-Informationshouldbeavailablewhenrequired.Accuracy-Informationshouldbeaccurate.

Completeness-Informationshouldbecomplete.

ApplicationsofI.E.C.T.(InformationElectronicsandCommunicationTechnologies)

I.E.C.T. is a branch of DOEACC society, that deals with the training of governmentsponsors program in computer fundamentals, operation system, MS Office, Internet,TroubleshootingandMaintenanceofPCetc.

ApplicationsofI.E.C.T.

1. E-governance :- In simple words e-governance refers to the use bygovernmentagenciesofinformationtechnologies(suchasWideAreaNetworks,theInternet,andmobilecomputing)thathavetheabilitytotransformrelationswithcitizens,businesses,andotherarmsofgovernment.Thesetechnologiescanserve a variety of different ends: better delivery of government services tocitizens,improvedinteractionswithbusinessandindustry,citizenempowermentthroughaccesstoinformation,ormoreefficientgovernmentmanagement.Theresulting benefits can be less corruption, increased transparency, greaterconvenience,revenuegrowth,and/orcostreductions.2. Entertainment:- I.E.C.T. has a very important role to play in generalentertainmentWith the creation of the Internet and faster processors, the livegeneralandeducationalentertainmenthasgotabigboost.Computersnowhavealmostunlimitedaccesstoanysongbyanyartist.Manywebsiteservicesallowusers to purchase individual tracks or albums directly to their PCs.With theadvancementofvideocardandInternetspeeds,moviesandprogramsarejustaclickaway.

BringingComputerToLife:-

ConnectingKeyboardtoCPU

Connectthekeyboardtotheportonthebackofthecomputer.WhenlookingatthebackofthecomputeryoullnoticetwoPS/2portsnexttoeachother.Verifyyoureconnectingthekeyboardintothepurpleconnectionasshowninthebelowpictures.IfyourPS/2portsare not color coded the keyboardwill be the connection closest to the left edge of thecomputer (when looking at it from the back). If the connections are vertical and nothorizontalasshownbelowthekeyboardconnectionmaybeeitherdependingonthecaseandmotherboard. Look for a small symbol next to the port to identifywhat one is thekeyboard.

ConnectingMouseToCPU

Connect themouse to the serial port on the back of the computer. If the computer hasserialdevicescurrentlyconnectedtothecomputerandthecomputerhastwoserialportswerecommendyouusethefirstserialconnectionifyouencounterproblemsconnectingthemouse.

ConnectingMonitorToCPU

Before you connect your monitor to your PC, you need to decide where you want topositionthemonitor.Setthemonitoratopyourdesk,generallybackawayfromwhereyousit,toaccommodateroomforthekeyboard.

Yourmonitorfallsintooneoftwocategories:

Standardmonitor:AregularmonitorplugsintotheVGA,orgraphicsadapter, jackonthebackoftheconsole,asshowninthisfigure.Thepluggoesinonlyoneway.

Digital monitor: If you have a digital monitor, find and use the digital jack (see thisfigure).

HowToConnectPrinterstoComputers

Printersareoneoftheeasiestdevicestosetupandconfigure.Withsomeprinters,youcansetupyourprinterbysimplyconnectingtheprintertoyourPCandapowersupply.Otherprintersrequireafewmoresteps.

1. Freetheprinterfromitsbox.

Also,removeallthevariouspiecesoftapeandevilStyrofoam.

2. Connecttheprinterspowercable.

Plug one end into the printer and the other into the nearest wall outletorpowerstrip.

3. Connecttheprinter-to-consolecable.

Noprintercomeswiththiscable,soyouhavetobuytheprintercableseparately.Get a USBcable if the printer is USB-happy. Otherwise, buy a standard,bidirectionalPCprintercable.

4. Readtheprintersinstructionsheet.

Seewhetheryouneedtoinstallsoftwarebeforeturningtheprinteron.

5. Ifyouneedto,installyourprinterssoftwareonyourPC.

Yourprintersinstructionsheetshouldexplainhowtoinstallthissoftware.

6. Turntheprinteronbypressingitspowerbutton.

AUSBprinterisinstantlyrecognizedandconfiguredbyWindows.Lifeisgood.Printersusingthetraditionalprintercable,ornetworkprinters,requiremorework.

7. If you have a non-USB printer, click theAdd a Printer toolbar button in the

Printerswindow.

TheAddPrinterWizardstartsandyoujusthavetofollowitsdirectionstolocateandsetupyourprinter.

Mostprinters, likecomputers,cannowbeleftonall thetime.Theprinterautomatically

slipsintoalow-powersleepmodewhenitsnolongerneeded.However,ifyoudontprintoften(atleasteveryday),itsperfectlyfinetoturnoffyourprinter.

CheckingPowerSupplyofTheComputer

Theonlycomponentthatshouldbeattachedtothepowersupplyshouldbeasingleharddrive,themotherboardandpossiblytheCPU.Usingthepowerswitchonthefrontofthetower,power-upthecomputer.Ifthefaninsidethepowersupplybeginstorun,thepowersupplyis likelyfunctioningproperly.Thecomputerhasbeenpoweredupandthepowersupplyhaspassedthefirsttest.

Reattacheachcomponentandcomplete thepowersupply test.Plug ineachcomponent,one by one, using the appropriate connector to determine if each components powerconnectionisfunctioningproperly.

ModelAnswers

Q1.Whatisacomputer?Ans. Acomputer isadevice thataccepts information(in theformofdigitalizeddata) andmanipulates it for some result based on a program orsequenceofinstructionsonhowthedataistobeprocessed.Q2.Whicharethe4maincomponentsofacomputersystem?Ans.Themaincomponentsofacomputersystemare:CPUMemoryInputDevicesOutputdevicesQ3.Whatareapplicationsoftware?Ans.Applicationsoftwareisasetofoneormoreprograms,designedtosolve a specific problem, or to do a specific task. For example, applicationsoftware for payroll processing products pay slips as the major output, andapplicationsoftwareforprocessingexaminationresultsproducesmarksheetsasthemajoralongwithsomeotherstatisticalreports.Q4.WhatareSystemSoftwares?Ans. Systemsoftwareiscomputersoftwaredesignedtooperatethecomputer hardware and to provide and maintain a platform for runningapplicationsoftware.Q5.Whatarehardwareandsoftware?Ans:Computerhardwarereferstothephysicalpartsofacomputerandrelateddevices.Thesoftwareistheinformationthatthecomputerusestogetthejobdone.SoftwareneedstobeaccessedbeforeitcanbeusedQ6.Whatarethedifferenttypesofsystemsoftware?Ans.Themostbasictypesofsystemsoftwareare:ThecomputerBIOSanddevicefirmware,.

The operating system (prominent examples beingMicrosoftWindows,MacOSXandLinux),.Utilitysoftware.Q7.WhatisI.E.C.T.anditsapplications?Ans. Applications of I.E.C.T. (Information Electronics andCommunicationTechnologies)I.E.C.T.isabranchofDOEACCsociety,thatdealswiththetrainingofgovernmentsponsorsprogramincomputerfundamentals,operationsystem,MSOffice,Internet,TroubleshootingandMaintenanceofPCetc.ApplicationsofI.E.C.T.

1.E-governance:-Insimplewordse-governancereferstotheusebygovernmentagenciesofinformationtechnologies(suchasWideAreaNetworks,theInternet,andmobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens,businesses,andotherarmsofgovernment.Thesetechnologiescanserveavarietyofdifferent ends: better delivery of government services to citizens, improvedinteractions with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access toinformation,ormoreefficientgovernmentmanagement.2. Entertainment :- I.E.C.T. has a very important role to play in generalentertainmentWiththecreationoftheInternetandfasterprocessors,thelivegeneraland educational entertainment has got a big boost. Computers now have almostunlimitedaccesstoanysongbyanyartist.

Q8.Whatarethetypesofmemory?Ans.Primaryandsecondary.Q9.Whatarethetypesofsecondarymemorydevices?Ans.CDs,DvDs,ExternalHardDiscsetc.Q10.Whatisaprogram?Ans.Aprogramisasetofinstructions.Q11.Whatarethemaincomponentsofacomputer?Ans.Input,CPUandOutput.QuestionsforselfpracticeQ1.Whatisacomputer?Q2.Whatarethebasicapplicationsofacomputer?Q3.Whatarecomputerhardwareenlistafew?Q4.Whataresoftwaresanditstypes?Q5.Whatareapplicationsoftwaresanditstypes?Q6.Whataresystemsoftwaresanditstypes?Q7.WhatarethevariousapplicationsofIECT?MultipleChoiceQuestionsQ1.Whatistheformatofcomputerprocessing

a)Output-cpu-inputb)input-cpu-outputc)Bothofthesed)Noneoftheabove

Q2.Whatarethetypesofcomputermemories?a)Primaryb)Secondaryc)HardDiskd)AandB

Q3.Keyboardisana)Hardwareb)Softwarec)MemoryDeviced)None.

Q4._______isasecondarystoragedevice?a)Speakersb)InternalHardDiskc)PenDrived)Mouse

Q5.Whatisthecomputerscreenreferedtoas?a)Visualdisplayunitormonitorb)Glassc)Tvd)Noneoftheabove

Q6.Thereare_______typesofsoftwares?a)1b)2c)3d)4

Q7.WhatisthefullformofI.E.C.T.?a)IndianElectronicsandComputerTraining.b)InternationalElectricalandComputerTribunal.c)InformationElectronicsandCommunicationTechnologies.d)Noneoftheabove.

Q8.Acomputerhas_____typesofmemoriesa)4b)6c)8d)2

Answers:1-b;2-d;3-a;4-c;5-a;6-b;7-c;8-dTrueandFales:-

1. Computerisamanmadedevice.2. Computercanbeusedtofeeddata.3. Computerhas4typesofmemories.4. CDsareanexampleofprimarymemory.5. Softwaresareof2types.6. Utilityprogramsareapartofapplicationsoftwares.7. Primarymemoryislonglasting.

8. Softwareisadevicethatprocessestheinput.9. Keyboardisanoutputdevice.

Answers:1-true;2-true;3-false;4-false;5-true;6-false;7-false;8-true;9-false.

Chapter-2OperatingComputerUsingGUIBasedOperatingSystem

Anoperatingsystem(OS)isaninterfacebetweenhardwareanduser,whichisresponsiblefor themanagement and coordinationof activities and the sharingof the resourcesof acomputer, that acts as a host for computing applications run on themachine. Unlike acommandlineoperatingsystemlikeUnixorMS-DOS,GUIOperatingSystemsaremucheasier for end-users to learn and use because commands do not need to be known ormemorized. Because of their ease of use, GUI Operating Systems have become thedominant operating system used by end-users today.GraphicalUser Interface, theGUIwasfirstdevelopedatXeroxPARCbyAlanKay,

Objectives

Everycomputerthatreceiveshumaninputneedsauserinterface,whichallowsapersontointeractwiththecomputer.Whiledeviceslikekeyboards,miceandtouchscreensmakeupthehardwareendofthistask,theuserinterfacemakesupthesoftwareforit.Thetwomostcommon forms of a user interface have historically been the Command-line interface,where computer commands are typedout line-by-line, and theGraphical user interface,where a visual environment (most commonly with windows, buttons, and icons) ispresent.

Basicsofpopularoperatingsystem

Mostoftheoperatingsystemsperformthefollowingimportantfunctions:

1.Processormanagement,thatis,assignmentofprocessortodifferenttasksbeingperformedbythecomputersystem.2.Memorymanagement,thatis,allocationofmainmemoryandotherstorageareastothesystemprogrammesaswellasuserprogrammesanddata.3.Input/outputmanagement,thatis,co-ordinationandassignmentofthedifferentoutputandinputdevicewhileoneormoreprogrammesarebeingexecuted.4. Filemanagement, that is, the storageof file of various storagedevices to another. It also allows all files to be easily changed andmodifiedthroughtheuseoftexteditorsorsomeotherfilesmanipulationroutines.5. Establishment andenforcementof apriority system.That is, itdetermines and maintains the order in which jobs are to be executed in thecomputersystem.6.Automatictransitionfromjobtojobasdirectedbyspecialcontrol

statements.7.Interpretationofcommandsandinstructions.8. Coordination and assignment of compilers, assemblers, utilityprograms,andothersoftwaretothevarioususerofthecomputersystem.9.Facilitieseasycommunicationbetweenthecomputersystemandthecomputeroperator(human).Italsoestablishesdatasecurityandintegrity.

TheUserInterface

Auserinterface(UI)bringsstructuretotheinteractionbetweenauserandthecomputer.In the last decade, almost all development in user interfaces has been in the area ofthegraphicaluserinterface(GUI),withtwomodels,ApplesMacintoshandMicrosoftsWindows, receiving most of the attention and gaining most of the market share. Thepopularopen-sourceLinuxoperatingsystemalsosupportsagraphicaluserinterface.

TaskBar

A bar located at the bottom of the screen that was first introducedwith Microsoft Windows 95 and found in all versions of Windows after that.TheTaskbarallowstheuser to locateandlaunchprogramsthroughtheStartbutton,seeany program that is currently open, display the time or date, items running in thebackgroundthroughtheSystray,andwithsubsequentversionsoftheWindowsoperatingsystem,theQuickLaunch.

Windows98Taskbar

Windows7Taskbar

Intheabovetwopictures,areexamplesofdifferencesbetweenWindowsTaskbars.First,theWindows 98Taskbar is an example ofwhat the Taskbar looks like inmany of theearlierversionsofMicrosoftWindows.Ascanbeseenbythispicture,thisTaskbarhastheStartbutton,theQuicklauncharea,thecurrentlyrunningprograms,andtheSystrayandsystemtime.

Taskbarelements

Asstatedabovethereareseveralelementslocatedwithinthetaskbar,hereisadescription

ofeachofthebasicelementsyouwillfind.

Startbutton-theStartbuttongivesyouaccesstothestartmenuthatgivestheuseraneasywaytoaccessandnavigateprograms,documentsandcomputersettings.TheQuickLaunchBar-withthiselement,youcanaccessshortcutstoapplications.Youwillfindthat thereisadefaultsetupforthequicklaunchbarthat includesIEexplorer,MSOffice(ifavailable),etc.Taskbar Buttons-When you open an application inWindows, you should see asmalltablocatedinthetaskbar.Sincemostapplicationstakeupthefullscreen(e.g.WordandIE),usingthetaskbarbuttonsbyclickingonitwithyourmousecaneasilyhelp you navigate from one open application to another. If you have severalapplicationsrunningyoushouldseethemalllistedastaskbarbuttonsonthetaskbarNotification Area- while commonly referred to as the system tray (which isincorrect),thenotificationareacontainsaplacetoshowyouthestatusofprograms,aclock(bydefault)andwhenaspecifictaskisinprocess(e.g.printingapage).CustomizationoftheWhatistheWindowsTaskbar?ItshouldbenotedthatwithmanyofthevisualelementsofWindows,youcaneasilycustomizethetaskbar.Forinstance,youcanchangethetaskbarfrombeinglocatedhorizontallyonthebottomof the screen to vertically on either side of your screen or even at the top of yourscreen.

Icons

Agraphicsymbol thatdenotesaprogramoracommandoradatafileoraconcept inagraphicaluserinterface.

There are thousands of icons in windows Oprating system. Some important icons arecategorized into six groups and shown in the above figure. Filemanagement icons areusedforstoringandretrievingfilesandfolderswithinthesystem.Databasemanagementicons are used for accessing different types of databases. Office Icons are used foraccessingofficeapplication.Internetaccessiconsareusedforuploadanddownloadfilesfromthe internet.Multimedia iconsareusedforaccessingaudioandvideofiles.UtilityIconsareused.

ComputerMenu

TheStartmenu is themaingateway toyourcomputersprograms, folders,andsettings.

Itscalledamenubecauseitprovidesalistofchoices,justasarestaurantmenudoes.AndasStartimplies,itsoftentheplacethatyoullgotostartoropenthings.

UsetheStartmenutodothesecommonactivities:

StartprogramsOpencommonlyusedfoldersSearchforfiles,folders,andprogramsAdjustcomputersettingsGethelpwiththeWindowsoperatingsystemTurnoffthecomputerLogofffromWindowsorswitchtoadifferentuseraccount

GettingstartedwiththeStartmenu

ToopentheStartmenu,clicktheStartbutton inthelower-leftcornerofyourscreen.Or,presstheWindowslogokey onyourkeyboard.TheStartmenuappears.

TheStartmenuisdividedintothreebasicparts:

Thelargeleftpaneshowsashortlistofprogramsonyourcomputer.Yourcomputermanufacturercancustomizethislist,soitsexactappearancewillvary.ClickingAllProgramsdisplaysacompletelistofprograms(moreonthislater).Inthelowerleftcorneristhesearchbox,whichallowsyoutolookforprogramsand

filesonyourcomputerbytypinginsearchterms.The right pane provides access to commonly used folders, files, settings, andfeatures.ItsalsowhereyougotologofffromWindowsorturnoffyourcomputer.

RunninganApplication

RunninganapplicationinGUIbasedoperatingsystemiseasyenough.Justdoubleclickontheiconsofanapplication.Ificonisnotavailableinyourdesktopthencreateshortcutindesktop.OtherwiseyouclickonStartMenuthenclickonRunandtypethenameoftheapplicationinthetextboxandpressenter.

OperatingSystemsSimpleSettings

ChangingSystemDateandTime

1. Right-click on the time in the bottom-right of the screen and select Adjust

Date/Time.