Bao Cao Thuc Tap Cong Ty Thong Tin Tin Hieu Duong Sat Hn
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Transcript of Bao Cao Thuc Tap Cong Ty Thong Tin Tin Hieu Duong Sat Hn
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KIN NHN XT CA N V HNG DN THC TP
Knh gi: Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti Cng ty thng tin tn hiu ng st H Ni nhn xt v vic thc tp ca nhm sinh vin:
Chuyn ngnh K thut vin thng nh sau: 1. Thi gian thc tp:
2. Ni dung thc tp v kt qu t c:
3. thc chp hnh ni quy ca n v:
4. im s nh gi (Thang im 10): Ngy ..... thng .... nm Tng cng ty S Vit Nam Cng ty TTTH S H Ni
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LI M UVi s pht trin ca ngnh Vin thng quc t ni chung v Vit nam ni ring, cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh nh in t, tin hc , quang hc... y mnh s pht trin ca ca cng ngh thng tin . S pht trin ca h thng thng tin tr thnh vn bc thit ca tt c cc quc gia trn th gii , h tr cho nn kinh t c pht trin mt cch thun li. Mt trong cc thnh phn quan trng trong h thng vin thng l h thng truyn dn SDH v cc tng i ni b PBX. Do trong thi gian thc tp, chng em xin chn mng thc tp l: H thng truyn dn SDH trong thng tin tn hiu ng st H Ni Vinh Tng i in t ni b trong ng st.
Em xin chn thnh cm n Thy Nguyn Cnh Minh v cc cn b cng nhn vin bn cng ty thng tin tn hiu ng st H Ni to mi iu kin cho chng em hon thnh tt t thc tp ny. Em xin chn thnh cm n H ni thng 1 nm 2011
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MC LC
KIN NHN XT CA N V HNG DN THC TP ................................ 1 LI M U ..................................................................................................................2 MC LC........................................................................................................................3 CHNG I: H THNG TRUYN DN SDH H NI- VINH ................................ 5 1.1 Tng quan v SDH .................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Cc tiu chun SDH ........................................................................................5 1.1.2 Nguyn tc ghp knh .....................................................................................5 1.1.3 Cu trc khung SDH .......................................................................................8 1.1.4 Cc c ch bo v .........................................................................................10 1.1.5. Cc phn t ca mng SDH ........................................................................12 1.2 Gii thiu chung v thit b SDH, h thng thng tin H Ni Vinh..................... 15 1.2.1 Cu trc h thng SDH .................................................................................15 1.2.2 H thng qun l. .........................................................................................16 1.2.3 C ch d phng ca mng.......................................................................... 17 1.3 Thit b truyn dn SDH ......................................................................................18 1.3.1 Gi trnh S9(600x600x2200mm) ..................................................................18 1.3.2 Thit b 1660SM ...........................................................................................19 1.3.3 Thit b 1650 SMC........................................................................................24 1.3.4 Thit b 1640 FOX. .......................................................................................27 1.3.5 Thit b kt ni cho 1515 CX-C .................................................................29
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1.3.6 Thit b ghp knh 2Mbps: 1511BA .............................................................31 1.3.7 Thit b qun l phn t mng ni b 1353 AC............................................34 CHNG II: TM HIU V TNG I .................................................................... 36 2.1 Tng quan v tng i ..........................................................................................36 2.1.1 Khi nim tng i. .......................................................................................36 2.1.2 V tr ca h thng tng i chuyn mch trong mng vin thng: ..............36 2.1.3 Xu hng s dng, u im tng i ni b: ...............................................38 2.2 S kt ni v hot ng ca h thng tng i ca cng ty TTTH ng st. ....................................................................................................................................40 2.3 Tng i MATRA 6550 IP PBX..........................................................................41 2.3.1 Cu trc cng ca tng i MATRA 6550 IP PBX......................................41 2.3.2 Qun l phn mm h thng .........................................................................46 2.3.3. Kim tra x l cc li c bn .......................................................................48 2.4. Tng i Trung k Definity.................................................................................48 2.4.1. Cu trc phn cng ca tng i definity: ...................................................48 2.4.2 Phn mm h thng tng i:.......................................................................51 KT LUN ....................................................................................................................53 Ph lc 1: S h thng truyn dn SDH H Ni Vinh ............................................. 54 Ph lc 2: S phng qun l mng ........................................................................... 55 TI LIU THAM KHO..............................................................................................56
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CHNG I: H THNG TRUYN DN SDH H NI- VINH 1.1 Tng quan v SDH1.1.1 Cc tiu chun SDH Tiu chun mi xut hin ln u tin l SONET do cng ty Bellcore (M) a ra, c chnh sa nhiu ln trc khi tr thnh tiu chn SDH quc t. C SDH v SONET c gii thiu rng ri gia nhng nm 1988 v 1992. SDH c nh ngha bi Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI), c s dng rt nhiu nc trn th gii. Nht Bn v Bc M cng xy dng cc tiu chun v SDH ring. SONET do Vin tiu chun quc gia Hoa K pht trin v c ng dng Bc M. Tc bit Tn hiu Dung lng (Mbit/s) 51,840 155,520 622,080 2488,320 9953,280 SDH STM-0 STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 SONET 28DS1, hoc 1 DS-3 84DS-1, hoc 3DS-3 336DS-1, hoc12DS-3 1344DS-1, hoc 48DS-3 5376DS-1, hoc 192DS-3 Dung lng SDH 21E1 63E1, hoc 1E4 252E1, hoc 4E4 1008E1, hoc 16E4 4032E1, hoc 64E4
Tn hiu SONET
STS-1, OC-1 STS-3, OC-3 STS-12, OC-12 STS-48, OC-48 STS-192, OC-192
Bng 1: Phn cp ng b SDH/SONET 1.1.2 Nguyn tc ghp knh H thng s ng b c hnh thnh t cc h thng cn ng b khc nhau, cc h thng cn ng b ny c th thuc h Chu u hoc Bc M. u vo ca cc h thng ng b c s l cc lung cn ng b c tc bt khc nhau, c ghp li thnh nhiu bc, mi bc li c a vo cc bit iu khin, qun l v phi hp
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tc . Khi , u ra c mt lung ng b c s. Cc lung ng b c s c nng ln N ln thnh cc lung ng b cp N. Cu trc b ghp SDH c trnh by trong khuyn ngh G.709 ca CCITT.
Hnh 1.1 : Cu trc b ghp SDH G.709 ITU-T
Cc ch s trong hnh ny lin quan n cc tc truyn dn cn ng b nh sau C11 Tng ng vi 1554 Kbit/s C12 Tng ng vi 2048 Kbit/s C21Tng ng vi 6312 Kbit/s C22 Tng ng vi 8448 Kbit/s C31 Tng ng vi 34368 Kbit/s C32 Tng ng vi 44736 Kbit/s C4 Tng ng vi 139264 Kbit/s
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Ch s u tin i din cho mc phn cp truyn dn nh quy nh trong G702"Tc bit ca cc cp truyn dn s", v ch s th hai c trng cho tc thp hn (1) v cao hn (2). Cn ch s 4 l mc th 4, bng 140 Mbit/s c trong tiu chun Chu u v Bc M. Cc khi c k hiu v chc nng sau y: C-n: (n = 1-->4) l cc contener: Phn t ny c kch thc cha cc byte ti trng thuc mt trong cc lung cn ng b. VC-n: l cc contener o: Contener o c s (n = 1,2): gm mt C-n (n = 1,2) n cng thm cc byte mang thng tin iu khin v gim st tuyn ni hai VC-n ny v gi l POH. Contener o bc cao hn VC-n (n = 3,4): gm mt C-n (n = 3,4) n v tp hp cc nhm khi nhnh (TUG-2S) hoc mt tp ca TU-3S cng vi cc byte mang thng tin iu khin v gim st tuyn ni hai VC-n v c gi l POH. Con tr c s dng tm cc phn khc nhau ca AU v TU gi l container o VC. Con tr AU xc nh VC bc cao hn v con tr TU xc nh VC bc thp hn. V d AU-3 gm VC-3 cng vi mt con tr, TU-2 gm VC-2 cng vi mt con tr. Mt VC l mt thc th ti chy trn mng c to ra v hy i im kt cui dch v hoc gn im . Cc tn hiu lu lng PDH c nh x ti cc container vi kch thc ph hp vi yu cu bng thng, s dng cc bit n bm tc ng h khi cn thit. Cc POH c thm vo sau cho mc ch qun l, to mt VC. Phn mo u ny c b i sau khi VC b hy v tn hiu gc ban u c ti to li. Mi tn hiu PDH c nh x vi VC ca n, v cc VC vi cng kch thc khng ng k c ghp li bng cch chn byte to thnh ti SDH. TU-n (n = 1,2,3) l khi nhnh: gm mt VC cng thm mt con tr khi nhnh. Con tr khi nhnh ch th s ng b pha ca VC-n i vi POH ca
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VC mc cao hn tip theo. Con tr khi nhnh c v tr c nh so vi POH mc cao hn. AU-3S (S = 1 hoc 2) v AU-N (N=4): gm mt VC bc cao cng thm con tr khi qun l. Con tr khi qun l c v tr c nh trong khung STM-1 v th hin quan h v pha ca VC bc cao hn. 1.1.3 Cu trc khung SDH 1.1.3.1 Cu trc chung Tn hin SDH bao gm mt tp cc byte 8 bit c t chc v biu din di dng mt cu trc khung. Trong khung , cc byte u c nh v mt cch r rng trong mi quan h vi khung. C th, mi khung trong lung tin hiu ni tip c th c biu din bng mt bng gm N hng v M ct. Byte u tin hng 1 ct 1 l byte nh du khung, n cho php nh v cc byte khc trong khung mt cch d dng.
Hnh 2.2 : Cu trc khung SDH
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1.1.3.2 Cu trc khung STM-1, STM-N Khung STM-1 l khung c bn nht ca SDH. Khung STM-1 bao gm 2430 bytes v thng c chia lm hai vng, tng ng vi 9 hng x 270 ct. di khung l 125 s, tng ng vi tn s ca khung l 8000 Hz. Tc truyn dn ca mt byte trong khung l 64 Kbit/s. Khung STM-1 gm 3 khi: Khi trng ti Payload Khi con tr AU Khi SOH Cc byte trong khung STM-1 c truyn tng hng mt v truyn t tri sang phi, bt u t hng th nht v ct th nht. Nh vy, sau 9 byte SOH (tr hng 4 l 9 byte AU) l 261 byte ti trng c truyn xen k. Phn iu khin SOH: gm c 8x9 byte, gm cc byte cn thit cho dch v nh t m ng b khung, cc byte b sung gim st, iu khin v qun l. Phn trng ti : cc tn hiu phn nhnh, cc tn hiu POH trong khuyn ngh G.703 ca CCITT t 2 Mbit/s n 140 Mbit/s c truyn ti trong cng ti trng gm c 9x261 byte. Phn con tr: Quan h thi gian gia trng ti v khung STM-1 c ghi li nh con tr, ngoi ra n cn nh v cc tn hiu phn nhnh trong khi ti trng. Do , sau khi din gii con tr mt cch thch hp th c kh nng truy nhp ti tng knh ca ngi s dng c lp bt k thi im no, m khng cn tch lung STM-1. Con tr hng th t, ct t 1 9 gi l con tr vng A, cn con tr hng 1 3 v ct 1114 gi l con tr vng B. Khung STM1 c di 125ms, c tn s l 8000 Hz, nh vy c truyn 8000 ln/s. Do , tc bit ca tn hiu STM-1 l : 8000 x 9 x 270 x 8 = 155520 kbit/s
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Cc mc cao hn STM-N ca phn cp ng b c hnh thnh bi cch chn byte vo phn ti ca N tn hiu STM-1, thm cc mo u gp N ln mo u ca STM-1 v lp y vi d liu qun l v gi tr con tr ph hp.
Hnh 1.3: Cu trc khung STM-1
1.1.4 Cc c ch bo v 1.1.4.1 Bo v tuyn tnh y l hnh thc d phng n gin nht, cn gi l bo v 1+1. y, mi ng lm vic c bo v bi mt ng bo v. Vic chuyn sang ng bo v xy ra khi xc nh c li nh l mt tn hiu LOS. Cu trc 1+1 l d phng 100% khi mi ng lm vic c mt ng bo v. Nhng do vn kinh t, nn ngi ta thng s dng c cu 1:N, nht l nhng ng truyn c khong cch xa. Theo cch ny, vi ng lm vic c bo v bng mt ng d phng. Cc ng d phng c th s dng cho cc lu lng c u tin thp v c th b ngt i khi ng d phng thay th cho cc ng lm vic b li. C cu bo v 1+1 v 1:N c tiu chun ha trong khuyn ngh G.783 ca ITU-T.
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Hnh 1.4 : S bo v tuyn tnh
1.1.4.2. Bo v mch vng Bo v mch vng c nhiu u im hn so vi bo v tuyn tnh. Mt mch vng bo v l cch n gin nht v hiu qu nht khi c mt s phn t mng lin kt vi nhau. C nhiu c cu bo v c dng cho loi mng ny, song ch c mt s c cu c tiu chun ha theo khuyn ngh G.841 ITU-T. C 2 loi c cu mch vng l vng n hng v vng hai hng. Mch vng n hng
Hnh 1.5 : Mch vng bo v n hng
Trn hnh th hin cch thc c bn ca mch vng bo v n hng.Gi s c s gin on thng tin gia 2 phn t mng A v B, hng Y khng b nh hng bi s c ny. Tt nhin, mt ng th hai c thit lp cho hng X. Do , kt ni ny c chuyn sang ng th hai trong phn t mng A v B. Cn hai phn t khc, C
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v D c chuyn qua ng d phng. Th tc ny gi l chuyn ng thng. Mt cch khc n gin hn c s dng l chuyn vng. Lu lng c truyn trn c hai ng lm vic v ng bo v. nu c s c, pha thu (trng hp ny l A) chuyn sang ng bo v v ngay lp tc duy tr kt ni. Mch vng hai hng Trong cu trc mng ny, kt ni gia hai phn t mng l hai hng. Ton b dung lng mng c chia thnh nhiu ng, mi ng lm vic l hai hng. Nu c s c gia hai phn t mng cnh nhau A v B, B s chuyn sang ng bo v. C th mang li hiu qu bo v cao hn khi dng mch vng bo v hai hng vi 4 si cp, mi i cp chy c ng lm vic v ng bo v. Kt qu, ta c cu trc bo v 1:1, ngha l d phng 100%
Hnh 1.6 : Mch vng bo v hai hng
1.1.5. Cc phn t ca mng SDH B ti to tn hiu: Phn t ny c nhim v ti to li xung ng h v bin ca tn hiu u vo b suy hao v mo dng do tn sc. Cc thng tin nhn c bng cch trch ra nhiu knh 64 kbit/s trong phn mo u RSOH. u cui ghp knh TM: c s dng kt hp cc lung tn hiu cn ng b v ng b u vo thnh cc lung STM-N c tc cao hn.
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B xen/r knh ADM: Cc tn hiu cn ng b v cc n hiu ng b tc thp c th c ly ra t cc lung ng b tc cao hn, hoc c chn vo , s dng cc b ADM. c trng ny lm cho ADM rt hu ch trong cc cu trc mch vng, to cc ng bo v trong vng trong trng hp xy ra s c. Ti mt nt ADM, ch nhng tn hiu no cn tht truy nhp mi c chn vo / hay r xung. Phn lu lng cn li tip tc c chuyn i trong mng m khng cn mt thit b c bit no khc. B u cho s DXC: Thit b ny c chc nng ng dng rt rng. N cho php nh x cc lung nhnh PDH vo cc VC cng nh chuyn cc gi tr container thnh VC-4.
Hnh 1.7 : Thit b u cho s
Qun l cc phn t mng: B phn qun l mng vin thng TNM cng c xem nh mt phn t trong mng SDH. Tt c cc phn t c cp trn y u c qun l bng phn mm. Ngha l chng c th c gim st v iu khin t xa, mt trong nhng c tnh quan trng nht ca mng SDH. Mt s li thng gp trong qun l, vn hnh mng truyn dn: LOS (Loss Of Signal): LOS xy ra khi tn hiu ng b gim xung di ngng c BER =1x10 . N cng c th o t cp, suy gim mnh tn hiu hoc li thit b. Trng thi LOS c xa khi 2 khung lin tip nhn c khng thy du hiu ca LOS mi-3
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OOF (Out of Frame alignment) :OOF xy ra 4 hoc 5 khung SDH lin tip nhn c b li, mu khung khng hp l. Thi gian ln nht xc nh OOF l 625ms. OOF xa khi nhn c 2 khung lim tip c mu khung hp l. LOF (Loss of frame alignment) : LOF xy ra khi OOF tn ti trong khong thi gian xc nh bng ms. LOF xa khi mt iu kin trong khung tn tilin tip trong thi gian xc nh bng ms. LOP (Loss of pointer): LOP xy ra khi nhn c N con tr lin tip khng hp l, hoc nhn c N c d liu mi (NDF), y, N=8,9 v 10. LOP xa khi c 3 con tr hp l bng nhau, hoc nhn c 3 ch th AIS lin tip. AIS (Alarm Indicator Signal): AIS l trng thi tt c cc bit =1. N c to ra thay th cho tn hiu bnh thng khi n bao gm mt iu kin li ngn cc li hoc cnh bo tng ln. RDI :y l tn hiu tr v ca thip b truyn dn khi c cc li LOS, LOF hoc AIS. RFI (Remote failure indication): Mt li xy ra rt di khi vt qua thi gian ln nht cho php ca c cu bo v h thng truyn dn. Khi tnh hung ny xy ra, mt bn tin RFI s c gi n u xa v s khi to chuyn mch bo v nu chc nng ny c kch hot.
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1.2 Gii thiu chung v thit b SDH, h thng thng tin H Ni Vinh.1.2.1 Cu trc h thng SDH Mng thng tin c xy dng dc theo ng st t H Ni Vinh vi tuyn cp quang ng trc chy di, r nhnh ti cc ga dc ng. Cc thit b truyn tuyn c s dng theo cng ngh SDH , xen r ti cc ga. H thng thit b phn knh, hp knh s dng vng ring STM4, STM1 v 2Mb/s Mng SDH c xy dng gm 35 ga vi mi ga u xa c s dng b hp knh 1511BA kt ni vi cc thit b sdh s dng truyn d liu v thoi . H thng ny cng tng thch vi h thng cn ng b PDH. Cc ga nm trn ng trc STM4 bao gm cc ga H Ni, ng Vn, Nam nh, Thanh Ha, Cu Git, Vinh. Cc ga nh s dng ng truyn STM1 vi cc b hp knh/phn knh tch tn hiu thoi v d liu. Ti cc ga H Ni v Nam nh, Cu Git, Thanh Ha , Vinh s dng b hp knh kt ni cho 1511 CXC nh tuyn cc lung v cc knh. Ti cc ga ny c kt ni mt ng ETHENET vi im H Ni ( im qun l trung tm ca h thng ) phc v cho vic qun l. ng kt ni ny s dng Card 2M kt ni trn lung E1 theo tiu chun G.763.Cc modul quang STM-1 v STM-4 hot ng cc bc sng 1300nm v 1550nm. Cc thit b truyn dn SDH s dng ti cc ga c th hin nh trong ph lc 1. Kt ni truyn thng H Ni- Nam nh c kt bng ng cp quang ng trc chnh STM-4, ti cc im r STM-1 H Ni v Nam nh s dng cc b phn knh thnh cc lung 2Mbps cung cp ng trung k 2Mbps cho cc tng i s.
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1.2.2 H thng qun l. H thng qun l c xy dng v t ti cc ga ln s dng STM-4 nh H Ni, Nam nh, Thanh Ha, Cu Git , Vinh. My ch qun l c t ti im H Ni. im H Ni l qun l trung tm cn li 4 im c chc nng qun l nh nhau. Mng qun l s c kt ni qua giao tip Q3 trn thit b 1660SM ti im H Ni vi ng kt ni ch GNE ( Gate Network Element ). Cc thit b 1640FOX v 1650SMC s dng giao tip Q2 cho php kt ni thit b hp knh MUX. Mng LAN cng c kt ni vi bn iu khin thng qua h thng chuyn mch v c kt ni trc tip vi 1660SM trn lung 2Mbps. H thng s dng chng trnh qun l 1353SH/54RM cho php cu hnh v bo dng thit b t xa thng qua cc giao din d s dng. Ngi vn hnh c th theo di c ton b trng thi ca mng, pht hin nhanh v chnh xc. H thng qun l c cc ch nng sau: Qun l , khai bo cc cu hnh phn cng v phn mm t xa. Hin th cc mng qun l h thng SDH: Hin th cc cnh bo, trng thi thit b , s thay i cu hnh ca h thng. Qun l qu trnh thc hin , cho php thay i v x l d liu phc v cgi vic s dng hiu qu cc knh thng tin. Pht hin v tr v kim tra qu trnh sa li h hng ca h thng. Bo mt h thng, qun l cc thng tin truy cp h thng, password truy cp v truy xut thng tin ra khi c s d liu h thng. Kim tra qu trnh bo dng
Khi qun l mang NMS c tch hp gm: Khi tch hp thng trung tm thng qua giao tip IOO: tp trung cc cnh bo, cc b m hot ng v tm tt cc thao tc.
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Qun tr mng h thng qua giao tip ISN: b xung v gim st cc dch v ca truyn dn.
Cc thit b c ghp ni vi nhau theo giao din xc nh va h thng nh: Giao din S c s dng cho cc kt ni gia cc thit b u cui da trn nguyn tc gim st cc thit b SDH , Giao din Q c s dng kt ni vi h thng iu khin s dng cho qun tr ton mng. 1.2.3 C ch d phng ca mng ng truyn cp quang trc chnh lun ch d phng 1:1. Cc ng STM1 c ch d phng SNCP. Thm vo cc thit b 1650 SMC v 1660 SM u c thit b d phng n+1 cho lung 2Mbps v cc modul d phng khc nh modul ngun modul x l, modul nh tuyn D phng cho STM4: S dng 2 i si quang trn mt cp si quang, thi gian chuyn i d phng ca h thng chuyn mch l nh hn 50ms.
STM-4
Working
ProtectSTM-1
Hanoi
Nam Dinh
Thanh Hoa
Cau Giat
Vinh
D phng cho STM1: C ch chnh ca ch d phng ny l bo v ng thng ca mi lung E1 thng qua cc vng ring. Trong trng hp h hng giao din quang, hng cp hay h hng thit b ADM cc ng lin lc s i vng
STM-4
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Hanoi
Nam Dinh
Thanh Hoa
Cau Giat
Vinh
ngc li b qua cc v tr h hng. Thi gian chuyn mch l nh hn 50 ms.
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1.3 Thit b truyn dn SDH1.3.1 Gi trnh S9(600x600x2200mm) Gi thit b S9 l mt gi lp t da trn cc sn phm SDH ca Alcaltel. Gi c cu trc vt l c th s dng nhiu chc nng khc nhau d dng cho vic lp t v sp xp cp dn m bo cho vic gim st c hiu qu, d dng cho vn hnh v bo dng. Cc thit b truyn dn SDH ca Alcaltel c t trn mt gi S9 vi nguyn tc : Tt c cc bn mch u c ghp vo pha trc ca Panel d dng cho vic bo dng. Cc kt ni u c thc hin pha trc ca Panel , cc im ghp ni c kt ni cc gi kt ni DDF hoc gi phi ghp MDF, cc u kt ni quang c thc hin bng mch pha trc. Gi thit b S9 tun theo nhng tiu chun quc t ETSI v TEC, c c im chng t hoc EMC v chng tnh in. Cng sut nng ti a trn mt gi trung bnh 1000W theo tiu chun ca ETSI( i vi gi 600x600x2200mm). Gii hn ny p dng cho cc gi m khng cn phi c h thng lm mt. Chui sn phm ny c thit k s dng b lm mt i lu chng loi thit b ny, s thit b trn gi c th c gii hn ty theo tng loi thit b. gim nhit vn hnh th h thng lm mt cng bc c th c s dng. Cc khi qut v Panel iu chnh c th p ng cho mc ch ny nu cn thit. Gi con, mi gi c t cc khi thit b khc nhau s dng cho t chc nng ghp ni cc khi, kch c thit k ca n ph thuc vo cc mc ch yu cu ca thit b. Cc ng dy ca gi con c th c thit k cc khi chun theo v tr c th thay i linh hot ca cc cht do c th lp c cc v tr c bit linh hot m khng chuyn n cc thit b khc. Mi gi u c mt panel ng trt,
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rng ca mi khi l mt thanh dc c cc l 2,54mm v thit k ca gi c th thay i ty theo yu cu ca sn phm. Tt c cc thit b ny c t trn t UT9 trong c khung gi MDF/DCF kt ni vi thit b. Cc knh thoi c kt ni vi gi MDF v knh gi liu c kt ni vi gi DCF. Giao din d liu theo chun V.35 cho cc knh nx64 v V.28 cho cc knh d liu tc thp. Thit b s dng ngun 220VAC v b chuyn i ngun 220VAC sang 48VDC c gn trn gi my. 1.3.2 Thit b 1660SM 1.3.2.1 Gii thiu. Thit b 1660 Sm l thit b s dng trn lung STM 1/4/16 cho tt c cc tuyn chuyn mch mm s dng trn cng ngh SDH v PDH theo tiu chun ITU-R G707. Thit b c kh nng iu khin cc thit b u cui v cc thit b hp knh phn knh, cc thit b xen r. Hn na thit b c kh nng t cu hnh cho cc nh tuyn chuyn mch nh vi cc ma trn 96x96 STM-1 tng ng vi mc cao VC v 64x64 STM tng ng vi mc thp VC. Cu hnh thit b nh mt b hp knh ca cc ng kt ni trung k , cc b chuyn mch xen r hoc cc b chuyn mch cho s dng trong cc mc vng, mch trc thng hay mng hnh li. Thit b c kh nng tng thch vi cc modul khc nhau thuc cng h sn phm v c th nng cp d dng vi chi ph nh nht. 1660 SM gim st , ci t cu hnh v kim tra tt c d liu v trng thi thit b thng qua cc giao din ( giao tip Q ) ca h thng n cc my tnh qun l. Chc nng ng b thit b c t trn ma trn chuyn mch SDH , n s to ra cc xung ng b ng b ton b h thng v v ma trn SDH l phn d phng nng nn chc ng ng b h thng cng lun lun c d phng. Ngoi ra cc thit b c
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tch hp chuyn mch ATM v c kh nng nh tuyn IP thng qua cc Card chuyn mch v cc Router. 1.3.2.2 ng dng ca 1660SM. Card 1660 SM c s dng cho truyn dn trn cc si cp chun G.652, G.653, G.654 v c cc ng dng chnh sau: S dng cho cc mng ring khu vc v mng trc chnh. Kt ni im im vi cc trm xen r hoc mng chung. Kt ni cc ng trc chnh v cc ng chuyn mch cho. Ko di khong cch v thit b tch hp mch khuych i quang.
1.3.2.3 Cu hnh thit b 1660 SM
Hnh 1.8: S khi chc nng ca 1660 SM
Thit b 1660 SM gm nhiu card c chc nng khc nhau:
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Card Equico:L card c chc nng cung cp chc nng iu khin chung cho h thng thc hin cc nhim v truyn thng tin ti cc thit b truy cp ti ch qua giao din F, vi h thng iu hnh OS qua giao din Q3, Thit b truy cp t xa nh cc knh DCC ca cng STM-n. Ngoi ra card cn lu tr phn mm iu khin ca h thng v cu hnh thit b. V tr cm ti slot 22. Card CONGI: Cung cp ti a cc giao din chung v c chc nng iu khin h thng. Phn iu khin hot ng da trn chc nng iu khin thit b ng b ( SEMF) theo tiu chun ITU-T G.783 . Phn ny giao tip vi thit b khc nh giao din QB3 CMIP. Phn iu khin c chc nng cung cp cc cu hnh h thng cc thit b qun l hoc cc thit b khu vc ng thi a ra cc thng bo v trng thi cng nh cnh bo v hot ng ca thit b. Ngoi ra n cn iu khin : iu khin thit b EC dng cho mng DCC, giao din CT/OS v c s d liu qun l. iu khin truyn thng SC cung cp cc cnh bo , pht hin l, thc hin gim st v iu khin d phng h thng Card Matrix: Thc hin cc ch nng: Kt ni cc cng , ng b thit b, iu khin, thng k cc cnh bo. Card Matrix c thit k da trn s ma trn m c th kt ni AU4s, AU3s, TU3s v TU12s gia cc cng SDH v PDH bt k . Dung lng ma trn 96x96 STM-1 . Cc dng kt ni gm: Kt ni n hng im-im Kt ni song cng im im Kt ni n hng im a im Xen r lin tc SNCP Xen r lin tc MS-SP vng
Card c cm ti slot 23/40
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Card P4S1N : L card c chc nng cung cp v iu khin cc cng tc cao vi cc giao tip quang-in ng thi qun l cc truy cp tng ng trn card truy cp tng ng trn card truy cp. Dung lng s dng giao din quang 4xSTM-1 v cng giao din in. Card c cm v tr slot 24/39. Card P63E1:l card c chc nng x l 63 tn hiu 2Mbps v truy cp tng ng trn cc card truy cp A21E1. Card S-4.1N, L-4.2N: l modul giao tip quang nm pha trong thit b, s dng cho knh STM-1,STM-4. Cm ti sv tr slot 24 n 39. Card T-Bus: l Card cung cp cc kt cui in n cc Bus nh hng trn tm pha sau. Modul IL-1.2,IS-1.1:l modul giao tip quang nm pha trong thit b, s dng cho knh STM-1. IL-1.2 dng cho khong cch dy dn ngn v IS-1.1 dng cho khong cch dy dn di. Card A21E1: l card truy cp knh 2Mb/s. Cung cp cc giao din 2Mb/s t pha sau ca thit b n ng dy ngoi. Dung lng ti a ca card l cung cp 21 knh 2Mbps. Card Service: cung cp cc chc nng qun l cc knh ph tr AUX, qun l EOW, thc hin cc kt ni nh gia 2 trm, gia 3 trm v kt ni Omibus. Card c cm ti v tr slot 11
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V tr lp t cc Card trn thit b.
Hnh 1.9 : V tr lp t cc Card trn thit b 1660 SM
Hnh 1.10: Thit b 1660 SM
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1.3.3 Thit b 1650 SMC 1.3.3.1 Gii thiu. Thit b 1650SMC l thit b truyn dn da trn cng ngh SDH s dng tc 155Mbps ( STM-1) v 622 Mbps ( STM-4). Thit b c kh nng cu hnh nh mt b hp knh nhiu u vo hoc nh mt thit b truy cp chuyn mch cho u cui cho mng vng, mng thng v mng dng li . S dng bc sng 1330nm v 1550nm , modul quang STM-1 STM-4 vi cc ng dng trn khong cch ngn v khong cch ko di. Giao din quang s dng bao gm b khuch i quang STM-1 STM-4. Thit b c kh nng s dng tng thch vi cc card cng chng loi v c th nng cp v qun l d dng vi chi ph nh nht.
Hnh 1.11: Thit b 1650 SMC
Cc thng tin cnh bo c s dng cho vic gim st v hin th cc trng thi ca thit b thng qua cc giao din Q v a thng tin n h thng qun l mng. C
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hai giao din thit b v giao din qun l mng ti cc im u da trn tiu chun QB3 CMP v hin th qua cc cnh bo qun l. Mc d vi kch thc nh gn, 1650SMC vn c kh nng bo v thit b. Mt knh kt ni xc nh trong h thng c ch ra trong cu hnh u c th s dng cho mc ch bo dng . Thit b tch hp c chuyn mch ATM v nh tuyn IP thng qua cc card v cc chuyn mch ty chn. Chc nng ny c s dng cho cc truy cp mng vong ti cc mng rng v mng ni b tng tin cy ca cc lung d liu t cc thit b khc trn cng mt mng SDH o. V vy n s ti u ha c hiu qu s dng bng thng. 1.3.3.2 Cu hnh thit b Mi gi c chia lm 2 phn , pha bn phi dnh cho cc modul truy nhp , pha bn tri dnh cho khi lu lng c th truy nhp trc tip vo gi trc ca panel. Cc khi chc nng trung tm nh cung cp ngun, iu khin thit b, ma trn SDH v ng h tham chiu. Card CONGI: cung cp ti a cc giao din chung v giao din iu khin . N a ra 2 mc in p cho tt c cc card khc trong thit b, c th lp 2 card CONGI gi l CONGI A v CONGI B. Nu s dng 2 card CONGI trong h thng th n s cung cp cp cc giao din khc nhau: Nu ch dng card CONGI A ti khe s 4 cung cp ton b cc kt ni nh: cc n cnh bo trn gi , giao din Q, giao din LAN Nu s dng card CONGI B ti khe 5 ch u kt ni Ngun v cnh bo t xa hot ng. Card c cm v tr slot 4/5. Card A21E1: Tng t nh trn 1660SM, l card truy cp knh 2Mbps, cung cp kt ni hai hng cho knh truyn 2Mbps t pha sau ca panel n cc ng dy ngoi. Dung lng ti a ca card k cung cp 21 knh 2Mbps. c s dng trong cu hnh bi v EPS. Card c lp v tr slot 1/2/3.
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Card SERGI:Modul kt ni vo/ra c chc nng cung c cc kt ni cho cc knh ph tr nh 2 knh theo chun G.703, 2 knh RS-232, 2 knh theo chun V1 v cc giao din ng b J1-J4 v a ra cc giao din ngun, qun l kt ni EOW: gia hai trm, gia ba trm v kt ni Omibus. Card cm ti slot 5. Card SYNTH1N:Card cung cp cc chc nng: Giao din ng dt cho 2 ng STM-1 hoc 1 ng STM-4, iu khin thit b, ma trn kt ni , ng b h thng v gim st cnh bo ca h thng t xa B iu khin c chc nng a ra cc cu hnh cn thit cho qun l, cho cc thit b u cui khc ng thi a ra cc thng bo trng thi ca thit b. Ngoi ra n cn iu khin h thng d phng t ng. ng bm h thng nhn xung ng b t. Card c lp v tr slot 9/10 Card Flash: c gn trong card SYNTH1N, l b nh th cp lu tr cc thng tin v cu hnh ca h thng. Card P4S1N: Tng t nh trn thit b 1660SM. Card cm s dng 4 Modul to ra cc kt ni y . Hai modul c gn trn mt trc v 2 modul trn cc card truy nhp tng ng 2xSTM-1 pha trc ( A21E1) Card IL-1.2 : Tng t nh trn 1660SM. Car giao tip quang s dng cho knh STM-1 c th kt ni 2 modul ny vi cc card P4S1N, A21E1,SYNTH1N xc nh cc kt ni quang cho ti a 2 knh STM-1 ( mi knh s dng 1 modul). Ch 1 trong s cc modul ny c kt ni vi ma trn ATM 4x4. Ngun:S dng chung b ngun vi h thng, li vo ngun cqui -48v. Khi c 2 u vo cqui c s dng th u vo c in p cao s c s dng . Mi card gn trn bo mch chuyn i DC/DC cung cp in p +3.3V hoc 5.2V. B phn phi ngun s hn ch c sai st trong vic chuyn i ngun. V tr lp t cc card trn thit b:
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Hnh 1.12: S cc khi chc nng v v tr lp t cc card trn thit b
1.3.4 Thit b 1640 FOX. 1.3.4.1 Gii thiu. 1640 FOX l thit b hp knh xen r ng b da trn tiu chun ITU-T G.707. Thit b tng thch vi mng quang SDH v l loi thit b ADM tc STM-1 hoc
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STM-4. Thit b c cu hnh nh mt thit b xen tch cho cc dng im-im v mng vng. 1640 FOX c th s dng cc tc theo yu cu s dng 1,5Mbps ; 2Mbps ; 45 Mbps, 140 Mbps giao din in STM-1 v giao din quang STM-1. Thit b c chc nng nh tuyn dng ma trn c th xen tch hoc pass cc tn hiu mc VCi. 1640 FOX c th iu khin vn hnh cc bc sng 1330 nm v 1550 nm vi ch song cng ti bc n mt tc STM-1. Ti mng mng SVN s dng 1640 cc ga nh nh Thng Tn , Ch Ta, Ph Xuyn . 1640 FOX l thit b nh gn vi cc khe cm theo tiu chun chung do rt d nng cp v qun l vi chi ph nh nht. Thit b c tch hp chuyn mch ATM v kh nng nh tuyn IP thng qua cc card ty chn v cc jack chuyn tng ng. 1640FOX c th hot ng nh mt thit b truyn dn v nh mt thit b u cui mng. Bn cnh c cc cng vo ATM/IP khc trn mng SDH VC . N c kh nng iu chnh cc d liu truyn thng trnh gy ngn mch h thng. 1.3.4.2 Cu hnh thit b. Khi thit b ny chia lm 2 phn: phn di dnh cho cc khi truy nhp, phn sau dnh cho panek truy nhp. Mt s cng vic c th truy nhp trc tip trn panel pha trc, cc chc nng trung tm nh cung cp ngun, iu khin thit b, ma trn SDH v ng h tham chiu. Cc card trn thit b: Card SYNTH1N: Thc hin mt s chc nng ca mng SDH nh kt ni cc u cui ca thit b SDH, cung cp tn hiu ng b, thc hin ma trn kt ni v iu khin h thng. Card ny c th iu khin c 2 giao din STM-1 hoc 1 giao din STM-4.
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Card P21E1: y l card c chc nng iu phi ( Tributary card). C chc nng x l tn hiu 2Mbps t phn truy cp pha sau n phn tch hp ADM. Card AFOX: L bng truy cp c bn cho 12 kt ni tng ng vi cc tn hiu 12x2Mb(75/120 Ohm) v cc kt ni m rng khc cgi cc dch v ph tr v cho cc dch v d liu. Card IL-1.2: L giao din quang STM-1. y l card cm vo v tr trng pha trc ca b ADM. Ty vo dung lng c th s dng 4 cng STM-1 Card Flash ATA 48 MB: L thit b s dng nh mt b nh truy cp th cp cha ton b c s d liu ca thit b. N c kh nng chn/truy xut thng tin t b tch hp ADM. Thit b ny ch s dng cho cc ng dng ca SDH. 1.3.5 Thit b kt ni cho 1515 CX-C 1.3.5.1 Gii thiu L thit b chuyn mch thng minh c kh nng nh tuyn cc ng truyn thng t cc d liu trn ng truyn dn. Thit b c cu to phn cng dng module c tnh nng linh hot v cu trc nh ngn. Thit b ny c th c s dng cc mng truyn thng cng cng cng nh trong cc mng phi truyn thng. 1515CX-C c th ln ti 32 giao din 2Mbps, thc hin cc chc nng truy cp, nh tuyn, xen r , thng qua v chc nng chuyn mch cho. Tn hiu 2Mbps cung cp cho h thng c dng: Khung G.704 v CAS Khung G.704 v CCS Khng s dng khung
Kh nng thc kt ni cho cc knh t 64 kbps n cc knh Nx64kbps. N=30 dng cho khung G.704 v tn hiu CAS, N=31 dng cho khung G.704 v tn hiu CSS.
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N=32 dng cho cho ch khng s dng khung. Bit tn hiu CAS c ci vo cc khe thi gian iu khin d liu thoi. Thit b 1515 CX-C khng ch s dng cho cc kt ni n cng v song cng m n cn s dng cho cc mng din rng. Ngoi ra n c nhim v cung cp xung ng b cho h thng , cc b ngun ng b khc c th c lp trnh la chn ch cc ng b u tin nh: Tn hiu ng b ly t cng 2Mb/s Hai cng vo tn hiu ng b ngoi Ch ng h ng h trong
Trong h thng thng tin SDH H Ni Vinh, thit b 1515 CX-C c lp th ti cc im H Ni, Nam nh, Cu Git, Vinh. 1.3.5.2 Cu hnh thit b Card OUPA : L card cung cp cc giao din 2Mbps, mi card gm 8 giao din. c cu hnh d phng 1+1. 1515CX-C c cc card OUPA cc khe 2,4,8,10 bng dung lng ca cng 2Mbps. 1515CX-C c cc Card OUPA cc khe 2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11 bng dung lng ca cng 2 Mbps ch bo v 1+1 cho cc card OUPA. Card CMX: L card thc hin chuyn mch cho v cung cp cc tn hiu ng b. Card c cu hnh d phng 1+1. Card COPB: L card c chc nng iu kin ton b hot ng ca thit b 1515CX-C , n c chc nng tp hp cc cnh bo, kim tra v iu khin cu hnh 1515CX-C. L card quan trng ca thit b c cu hnh d phng 1+1.
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Card NMQD: L card cung cp cc giao din kt ni vi phn mm qun l u cui v NMS hin th cc cnh bo, iu khin cc R le cnh bo trn tm panel pha trn gi my. Card ngun DC/DC: L card c nhim v cung cp ngun DC cho thit b v cu hnh c d phng 2+1.
Hnh 1.13: Thit b 1515 CX-C
1.3.6 Thit b ghp knh 2Mbps: 1511BA 1.3.6.1 Gii thiu thit b 1511 BA. Thit b 1511 BA ca Alcatel l 1 im truy nhp c xc nh da trn b phi ghp knh PCM u tin. Thit b ny c th c s dng vi cc cu hnh ph hp vi cc lu lng tn hiu thoi v d liu to ra mt cu hnh c bit r nhnh chn hoc phn chia knh s.
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Cu trc ca n c cu hnh dng bus v nhiu knh khc do d liu thoi c cung cp vi nhiu kiu kt ni vi thit b u cui. Thit b ny c th kt ni theo cc dng: Cc thu bao thng thng. Cc thu bao dng bng rng ISN Tng i s v tng t d liu tc thp. D liu tc cao nx64.
Thit b cho php xen k v chn cc knh thng tin trn cc trm chuyn tip. iu ny cho php c mt gii php ti u trong trng hp mt thu bao tp trung thp trong h thng. Cc h thng dng cc phng thc khc nhau nh : cp ng hoc cp quang s c tch hp trn cc thit b u cui bng cch s dng cc rnh cm c sn trn thit b. 1.3.6.2 Cu hnh thit b. 1511 BA l mt tp hp cc modul , cc khi. Mi modul c th coi nh mt phn t mng. Trn mi gi con thng c sp xp v nh s 2 b Mux. Ty tng nhu cu s dng m ti cc khe cm s c s dng cc card c chc nng v khai bo phn mm iu khin khc nhau. Ti mng SVN hin s dng cc card c chc nng sau: 1.3.6.2.1 Cc card chung: Card PCMC2bis: l card cung cp cc giao din 2Mbps cho h thng thit b ghp knh. Thng qua ma trn kt ni , card cho php to ra cc kt ni knh s n cc khe thi gian ca trung k E1. y cng l card c tc ng nht nh trong phn qun l thit b. Card CNCC4: l card c chc nng iu khin h thng, card a ra cc giao din qun l mng ca ton b h thng ghp knh thng qua giao tip Q2.
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Card RGPA: l card ngun c chc nng chuyn i ngun DC/DC t 48V n +5V v -5V. Ngoi ra card cn c chc nng cung cp tn hiu chung , ty theo cc thng s ca mi loi card , b phn ny s a ra cc dng chung ph hp . Ring H Ni card ny khng s dng chc nng chung. Card PMPA: L card c chc nng iu khin h thng, card a ra cc giao din Q2 khc nhau trn h thng ghp knh phc v cho qun l tp trung. Card CBRA: Card thc hin chc nng im a im , s dng khe thi gian xc nh trong trung k 2Mbps . Ti mng truyn dn ca SVN, card ny s dng cho h thng thng tin iu . Card bao gm cc dng tn hiu thoi , d liu, tn hiu v c kh nng s dng ti a 15 khe thi gian. Vi cu hnh ch - t, card c chc nng phn phi 1 khe thi gian t mt cng n 14 khe thi gian khc trong cng mt trung k 2Mbps. Nu c ln hn 14 khe thi gian, c th s dng nhiu card CBRA. Cc khe thi gian c phn b trong trung k 2 Mbps cng c th c phn b tng khe mt vo cc trung k 2Mbps khc thng qua chc nng nh tuyn ca b kt ni cho 1515 CXC. Tt c cc ng kt ni im a im u c thc hin trn card CBRA. Card QEXA: Card ny cho pho kt ni n mt s thit b hp knh MUX trn cc gi khc nhau ti mt card CNCC4. N cng lm mt nhim v cung cp tn hiu ng h cho thit b MUX ( Ly t li vo ngoi hoc li ra ng h ni ). 1.3.6.2.2 Cc card thoi. Card CHSU: Card ny cung cp cc knh thoi 2 hoc 4 dy, mi card c dung lng s dng l 5 knh thoi ( trong di tn ing ni 300 3400Hz/600 ohms). Cc knh thoi s dng cho h thng iu s dng card loi CHSU 52/4w
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Card SPCM-S: Chc nng cung cp cc knh thoi loi 2 dy cng vi cc tn hiu cho cc thu bao ( tn hiu chung, tn hiu tone). Dung lng s dng trn mi card l 10 knh( Giao din FXS ). Card SPCM-E: Chc nng cung cp cc knh thng tin 2 dy tch hp chc nng cp tn hiu cho PABX. Dung lng mi card l 5 knh ( Giao din FXO ). 1.3.6.2.3 Cc card d liu. Card RAC: Cung cp cc tn hiu ng b cho MUX, card s dng 4 cng vi cc kh nng cung cp cc giao din ghp ni khc nhau nh : giao din V24/V28,V35,V36 vi tc t 75bit/s n 64Kbps( ty thuc vo cu hnh ca tng loi giao din ) Card U6-VAM: Card ny s dng 6 knh d liu thoi loi 2 dy, Card c th cu hnh dng 2 knh tc 64Kbps hoc 1 knh tc 128 Kbps trn mt s i cp ng. 1.3.7 Thit b qun l phn t mng ni b 1353 AC. H thng qun l mng 1353 AC ca Alcatel nm trong mt h iu hnh cung cp cc dch v qun l mng mc qun l phn t cho cc phn t mng truy nhp ca Alcatel, theo phng php tp trung , c hiu dng cao, tin vi ngi s dng. Thit b c qun l ti ch qua cc phn mm qun l ca NECTAS( Phn mm qun l u cui ti ch ). Phn mm ny c chy trn cc my tnh c nhn v c kt ni trc tip n cc giao din F trn bn mch qun l ( CNCC hoc NMQ )NECTAS khng ch iu khin cc ng line n cc phn t mng m cn cung cp ton b giao din hnh nh th hin cc lc vn hnh thit b. Phn mm ny s dng giao din ca Window v m t li ton b cc cnh bo trn ca s Window. qun l ton b h thng, s dng thit b Alcatel 1353AC gim st tt c cc phn t mng. Thit b 1353 AC c th cung cp tt c cc d on v h hng v bo
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dng thit b ng thi cng thc hin mt s cng vic khc iu khin h thng. Phn mm 1353 AC c ci trn cc trm Hewlett-Packard v s dng h iu hnh UNIX; c kh nng qun l tt c cc thit b 15xx trn mng kt ni qua thit b truyn thng. Thit b 1353 AC l mt h thng qun l phn t theo mc cho cc phn t mng truy nhp Alcatel nh: Cc nt truy nhp Alcatel 1511 AN Kt ni cho Alcatel 1515 CX-C ( ln ti 32x2Mbps).
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CHNG II: TM HIU V TNG I
2.1 Tng quan v tng i2.1.1 Khi nim tng i. Thnh phn ct li ca mng in thoi hin nay l cc h thng tng i. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, vic thit k cc h thng tng i ngy cng tr nn phc tp hn cung cp phng tin cho php cc mng c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v hn na ti khch hng v gip cho vic vn hnh cng nh bo dng tr nn d dng hn. Tng i l mt h thng chuyn mch c chc nng chnh l thit lp u ni gia thit b u cui pht vi u cui thu da vo a ch mng (s thu bao) gip cho cc u cui ny lin lc c vi nhau v gi ra ngoi trn mt s ng thu bao ca cc nh cung cp dch v. 2.1.2 V tr ca h thng tng i chuyn mch trong mng vin thng: 2.1.2.1 V tr trong mng PSTN: Mng PSTN l mng in thoichuyn mch cng cng c chun ha do ITU vi cng ngh nn tng l cng ngh chuyn mch knh. H thng chuyn mch c t ti cc nt mng v c gi l tng i. Ty theo v tr, chc nng ca tng i m trong mng chia thnh cc loi: Tng i cng quc t: Truy nhp trc tip ti cc tng i cng ca cc nc khc. N cng cung cp tr gip iu hnh quc t. Tng i chuyn tip vng Toll: Kt ni gia cc tng i ca cc vng khc nhau thc hin chuyn tip vng.
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Tng i chuyn tip ni ht Tandem: Kt ni gia cc tng i ni ht trong mt vng v tng i Toll qua ng trung k. Tng i ni ht Local:kt ni trc tip vi cc thu bao v u ni ti tng i lin tnh (Toll) hoc tng i tandem qua cc ng trung k. N ghi thng tin cc thu bao.
Hnh 2.1. V tr ca tng i trong mng PSTN
Chc nng chuyn mch chnh trong mng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM c thc hin bi h thng con chuyn mch (SS). N bao gm mt s cc khi chc nng:VLR HLR
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PSTN/ISDN Gateway MSC Internet PDSN BTS Hnh 2.2. V tr ca tng i trong mng GSM BTS MS MSC
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Tng i chuyn mch trung tm MSC: thc hin vic thit lp/gii phng cuc gi, qun l thu bao, kt ni vi cc mng khc thc hin cc cuc gi lin mng. MSC qun l cc BTS v c trang b cc c s d liu cho php nhanh chng cp nht cc thng tin v thu bao, v tr thu bao c cc p ng ph hp.
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Tng i chuyn mch ca ng GMSC: Kt ni vi cc mng khc nh mng in thoi c nh hay mng Internet. GMSC thc hin iu khin cc cuc gi t mng di ng vo mng in thoi c nh v ngc li.
2.1.3 Xu hng s dng, u im tng i ni b: 2.1.3.1 Xu hng s dng tng i. Ngy nay, cc doanh nghip ngy cng pht trin ln mnh, nhu cu trao i thng tin ngy cng nhiu, vic ra i hng lot nh cung cp dn n gi thnh lp t v cc in thoi ngy cng r. Tuy nhin vic trang b cho mi c nhn trong doanh nghip mt s in thoi c nh n mt lc no buc doanh nghip phi suy ngh li v chi ph u t v kh nng tp trung qun l khng cao.Hn na, lit k hng lot s in thoi s khin i tc phi lng tng khi la chn s in thoi trong danh b lin h cng vic. Mt s in thoi duy nht qung b cho ton doanh nghip s l gii php ti u, thng qua h thng tng i ni b, cuc gi s n c ni i tc c nhu cu lin lc.Hn na, nu tn dng c ht cc tnh nng sn c, ngi s dng s gim thiu mt s yu cu u t khc m h thng tng i ni b tch hp sn. i vi cc cng ty, cc vn phng, tp th, cc khch sn, nh hng th vic lin lc ni b, chuyn cuc gi n ngi cn nghe v bo mt cuc m thoi l rt cn thit nn tng i ni b l mt trong nhng la chn ti u. 2.1.3.2 u im ca tng i ni b. Nhng li ch m tng i ni b em li:
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- Lin lc ni b s khng mt cc ph bu in. - Bo mt cc cuc gi ni b. - Tn dng c hiu qu ti a cc ng trung k bu in. -C kh nng h tr cc bin php tit kim cho cng ty, t chc nh: + C kh nng chn cuc gi khng mong mun: gi di ng, gi lin tnh... + C th tch hp VoIP lin kt gia cc tr s ca cng ty vi nhau giao dch m khng mt ph. + S dng 1 s lin lc giao dch vi khch hng. C tch hp li cho khi khch hng ca cng ty gi n. Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh, cng vi l s ln mnh ca cc nh cung cp m hng lot cc loi tng i ln nh ph hp vi cc nhu cu s dng khc nhau ln lt ra i. C khong hn 100 nhn hiu tng i ln nh khc nhau, nhng hin ti nc ta, th phn tng i ni b thng c chia bi cc hng: Panasonic, Siemens, Ericsion, Alcatel, Nortel, Lucent, LG, Samsung, NEC Nitsuko... v cc tng i trong nc nh Miswi, Sun... Do , vic la chn tng i ni b cn phi da vo nhng ch tiu, c s nht nh ph hp vi yu cu s dng ca tng t chc, tng doanh nghip. - La chn theo cu hnh tng i:Ty theo nhu cu s dng hin ti, tng lai m nh hng xy dng v trang b theo cu hnh ph hp hin ti v c kh nng m rng v lu di. - La chn theo chc nng, nhim v, nhu cu khai thc: S dng cng ngh Analog hay cng ngh s IP,tp trung cuc gi n v 1 u mi, chuyn cuc gi theo yu cu nh hng...nh s ni b theo yu cu v chi tit cuc gi ra thng qua h thng tnh cc hoc my in. ng k s theo nhm...S dng cc dch v khc nh Hotline/warmline, Emergency/VIP Call... - La chn theo thng hiu v kh nng u t.
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2.2 S kt ni v hot ng ca h thng tng i ca cng ty TTTH ng st.Mng cc tng i ca cng ty TTTH ng st c kt ni vi nhau theo mng hnh sao. Tng i t ti Cng ty thng tin tn hiu ng H Ni qun l v kt ni vi cc tng i t ti cc trm khc nh: Nam nh, Vinh, Thanh Ha, Cu Git.Cc tng i ti mi trm (H Ni, Nam nh...) cng c ni vi cc tng i ni ht do VNPT cung cp kt ni lin lc ngoi mng. Kho st tng i ti trm H Ni, th tng i c 2 chc nng chnh Phn kt ni v qun l kt ni thu bao: + Kt ni cc thu bao trong ni mng. + Kt ni cc thu bao vi mng ngoi. Phn kt ni v qun l kt ni trung k:
Hnh 2.3.Kt ni gia cc tng i ca cng ty TTTH ng st
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Trong hnh trn l mn hnh hin th cc cnh bo s c trong mng ng st, nhng tng i c: Mu xanh l hot ng bnh thng. Mu , da cam l cc ch hot ng c s cnh bo. Trn mn hnh hin th ny th ch thng bo c li, cn mun bit li xy ra l li g th ta phi dung phn mm kim tra.
2.3 Tng i MATRA 6550 IP PBX.Thit b chuyn mch t ti Cng ty thng tin tn hiu ng st l tng i MATRA 6550 IP PBX l tng i k thut s a dch v ng b vi mng in thoi ca Ngnh ng st. Tng i M6550 dng qun l v kt ni cc thu bao ca ngnh ng st trong khu vc H Ni.H thng trang b kh hin i m bo tt cc yu cu k thut v vin thng v cc quy nh ca Ngnh ng st, t m bo tt thng tin lin lc phc v s lnh o, ch o ca Cng ty TTTHng st, p ng yu cu cng tc, iu chnh thi gian chy tu...Tng i MATRA 6550 IP PBX c rt nhiu tnh nng v dch v nh chuyn cuc gi, nghe xen... tuy nhin do mt s iu kin v nghip v ca Cng ty nn khng khai thc ht cc tnh nng ny. 2.3.1 Cu trc cng ca tng i MATRA 6550 IP PBX Kin trc ca M6550 bao gm vng ring nhiu trm nhnh, mt n v iu khin vng (RCU) v mt n v ng b vng (RSCU). n v iu khin vng (RCU): Ph trch vn hnh v bo dng h thng, trang b vi mn hnh, bn phm, my in. Ton b cc thng s cu hnh, do ngi qun tr h thng xc nh c np vo a cng v c np vo h thng tng i thng qua my tnh lp trnh. Trong h thng song cng cc CCU hot ng tnh trng d phng nng. Cc thng s cu hnh cng c np song song trn a ca mi
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RCU, sao cho vic chuyn i RCU khng lm mt thng tin v khng nh hng n hot ng ca ton b h thng. n v ng b vng (RSCU): M6550 IP c th l n cng (1 RCU, 1RSCU) hoc song cng (2 RCU, 2RSCU).M6550 c trang b cc b a cng np cc chng trnh v s liu. Cc n v iu khin trm nhnh (CCU): Cc CCU c ghp ni vi nhau qua vng ring cp ng trc bao gm cc card ni ghp cc u cui in thoi v x l s liu my tnh v cc trung k. Mi CCU l mt cu trc phn cp, c kh nng ghp ni v iu hnh 320 cng thu bao v 150 giao din truyn s liu.Vic m rng tng i thng qua vic ghp thm cc CCU vo vng ring cp quang. H thng M6550 c trang b d phng kp cho x l trung tm CPU. Mt CPU lm vic cn CPU kia d phng nng. Phn mm thng xuyn kim tra xem CPU ang hot ng c lm vic bnh thng hay khng.Nu phn mm pht hin thy nhiu li trong CPU ang hot ng th phn mm s lm cho CPU ang hot ng dng v a CPU d phng vo lm vic.S chuyn i ny khng nh hng ti ngi s dng v s hot ng ca ton h thng. 2.3.1.1 T x l chnh: Kin trc ca t x l chnh bao gm cc khi chc nng sau: RCU: khi iu khin vng Ring RSCU: khi iu khin ng b vng Ring CCU: Khi x l thu bao
Vic b tr cc khi chc nng vo vng Ring t x l chnh x l thng tin ca cc cuc gi c trnh nh s hnh di y.
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Hnh 2.4 Cu hnh d phng nng cho cc khi RCU, RSCU v vng Ring
* So snh cu trc gia tng i MC6550 vi M 6550 IP PBX
Hnh 2.5 So snh cu trc ca M6550 IP PBX v MC6550
S khc nhau c bn trong cu trc gia tng i M6550 IP PBX v MC6550 Cu trc ca RCU v RSCU trong tng i M6550 IP PBX khc vi cu trc trong tng i MC6550. Khi RCU ca tng i M6550 IP PBX gm 2 card (USJ, TAE) thay th cho 5 card UTJ, AUT, TAD, MDV, ALV MC6550.
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Khi RSCU c thm card mi CSH thay th cho card CUH + RMH. RCU c thm v tr cho card thu bao (t chnh gm: RCU+RSCU+CCU2). Tng i M6550 IP PBX s dng PCMCIA card thay th cho cng v mm truyn thng. Card x l CCU mi: USI v AMI.
2.3.1.2 T x l thu bao CCU. - 02 Card RMH ca hai vng Ring A, B. - Card AMI x l vic kt ni t CCU vi hai vng Ring A, B. - Card USI (card USH trong tng i MC6550) x l ni b tng t CCU. - 10 khe cm card thu bao hoc trung k v 3 khe cm card data
- M rng dung lng bng cch kt ni thm cc t CCU vo vng Ring.
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Hnh 2.6 Cu trc ca t x l thu bao CCU
- Cc loi card chnh ca h tng i M6550 IP PBX bao gm : + LAB, LAF: cung cp 16 cng in thoi analog. + LAI, LAK: cung cp 16 cng in thoi digital.
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+ LRF/LRD: cung cp 8 cng trung k CO line ( trung k analog). + LNR: cung cp 1 hoc 2PCM tc 2048 Kbps/cng E1. + LAS: cung cp 8 giao din ISDN S0, T0 trang b ng b vi card CLF + LDS cung cp 8 giao din ISDN S0 hay T0. + LAE cung cp 32 cng in thoi analog. + LAJ: cung cp 32 cng in thoi digital. + LIE/LIC cung cp 4 cng E&M(2 hoc 4 dy). + CCS: 32SRAM thay th cc tone bng cc messages. +CLF: cung cp 4 cng ng b hoc khng ng b X.25 hay SNA/SPLC tc ti 64Kbps hoc VIP t 19,2Kbps SNA/X25 ti 64Kbps + CLM: cung cp 16 cng khng ng b iu khin lu lng qua XON/XOFF (hoc RTS/CTS trn mi knh) phc v cho vic truyn s liu qua ng dy in thoi V24/V28 tng thch vi cc giao din V24/V10. + ADQ: cung cp mt trong cc giao tip T2( 24 hoc 32 TS), S2, T1(PCM US) hoc PCM 32TS. +PVI: card cung cp 1 cng 10/100 Base T. 2.3.1.3 Cu trc ngun phn tn. in p np Aqui c np
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Cc b ngun ADS phn tn trn tng t CCU. in p vo 220V u song song cho cc b ngun ADS.
song song t cc b ngun ADS.
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Hnh 2.7 Cu trc ngun phn tn
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2.3.2 Qun l phn mm h thng 2.3.2.1 Qun l h thng n v RCU cung cp cc chc nng qun l tng i M6550 IP PBX. Mt h thng c cu trc kp c trang b 2 n v RCU, mt hot ng trong ch active v mt ch standby. Mi CCU c 4 cng ni tip khng ng b.Trong cu trc kp, cc cng ca RCU active v standby c ghp li.Nhng cng ny cung cp cc kh nng qun l khc nhau vi h thng M6550 IP PBX: Qun l ti ch (Local Administration) Qun l t xa (Remote Administration) Qun l tp trung (t mt Management Center) Mt s lnh c bn qun l h thng: Lnh XETBLS: c s dng qun l trng thi ca cc khi chc nng ca h thng (System Sercurity Block - LSB). Lnh XETBLS bao gm cc h sau: qun tr trng thi LSB, lit k LSB, qun tr cnh bo, qun tr trng thi hot ng kp ca b x l trung tm. Lnh qun l dng ha: Hin th dng ha ca h thng v cc khi bao gm cc thnh phn ca n 2.3.2.2 Qun l thu bao. Lnh XLIGAB: c dng qun l thu bao in thoi, cc mc cm v cc lp c tnh: + Telephone subscriber: qun l thu bao vi a ch vt l hoc theo s danh b (Dial Number DN). + Features: qun l cc lp c tnh c xc nh gn cho cc thu bao ty theo yu cu khai thc v s dng cc dch v ca MC6550.
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+ Restrictions: qun l quyn hn gi, xc nh cc mc cm cho cuc gi (gi ni b, gi PSTN...). Lnh qun l quyn hn thu bao Category l mt nhm cc tham s xc nh cc mc cm i vi cc cuc gi. C 2 loi Category: + PSTN category hoc Telephone category: c s dng cho php thc hin cc cuc gi ni b v gi ra PSTN. + TL category: c s dng cho cc cuc gi qua ng trung k (Trunk Line TL). 2.3.2.3 Qun l nh tuyn Route - Lnh XACHMT c dng qun l nh tuyn. Lnh ny bao gm mt s h c dng qun l: + H lnh Routing qun l nh tuyn: nh ngha cc cluster, nhm trung k dnh cho vic nh tuyn mt cuc gi. + H lnh Direction qun l nhn ca cc hng: dng gn nhn cho cc hng. 2.3.2.4. Qun l k hoch nh s: Chc nng ca lnh qun l k hoch nh s XPLANS: - Update cc k hoch quay s - Update cc k hoch bin i s inbound v outbound - Dng xc nh s IID mc nh - Dng xc nh kiu x l gi s IID hoc AID... 2.3.2.5 Lnh qun l nhm trung k v trung k Chc nng: S dng lnh XLIGFA v XLIGEX qun l nhm trung k v trung k. Mi lnh ny qun l nhiu h lnh v nhiu i tng khc nhau.Mi i tng qun l cc s liu v cc thao tc nht nh. Lnh XLIGEX c s dng :
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- Qun l cc trung k trong nhm trung k, cc thao tc hin th, thay i, xa. - Gim st nhm trung k hoc trung k, cc thao tc hin th, thay i, lit k. Lnh XLIGFA c s dng : - Qun l cc nhm trung k - Qun l nh tuyn kt hp vi cc nhm trung k: thao tc hin th,thay i. 2.3.3. Kim tra x l cc li c bn Kim tra trng thi cc LED ca cc board h thng sau khi khi ng tng i kp thi x l v khc cc li c bn ca tng i trong qu trnh hot ng. Trng thi cc LED ca cc board h thng c cho nh ph lc 1.
2.4. Tng i Tru ng k DefinityTrm 66 ca cng ty TTTHng st H Ni, s dng tng i Definity qun l cc ng trung k kt ni vi cc trm khc nh Nam nh, Vinh... 2.4.1. Cu trc phn cng ca tng i definity: Cu trc tng th: Phn chnh to nn tng i bao gm: t chnh (main cabinet) c gi v cc khe cm (slot) v cc Card iu khin v khai thc. Tng i Definity c cu trc vi nhiu t xp chng ln nhau. Mt khi c th gm 2 n 4 ty theo nhu cu kt ni ca tng t chc, tng doanh nghip. Tuy nhin vi cu hnh di 512 s, ch cn dng 2 t.
Hnh 2.8 Tng i definity
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2.4.1.1 Cu trc ca t chnh Cu trc ca t chnh gm cc khe (Slot) cm cc card dng iu khin hoc cc card khai thc. Cu hnh sau y trnh by vi 128 thu bao Analog, 8 thu bao s, 8 trung k CO, 8 trung k E&M v mt trung k lung E1. Trn t cc card c b tr theo tng khu vc vi chc nng c th. Trn mt trc ca t c ghi nhn v nh s ch dn cho ngi s dng.
Hnh 2.8 Cu trc ca t chnh v cch sp xp cc card
Mt sau t bao gm cc gic cm ni v cc cng, a ra cc u tn hiu ca cc thu bao, trung k, d liu cc, d liu chng trnh. C th: Tng ng vi cc khe cm (Slot) t 1 n 16 pha trc l cc u ni cp 25 i pha sau. Cc u ra cp ny cng c nh s t 1 n 16. Trc u cp ra s 1 l u ra cung cp cc tn hiu v in p ph, u ra cp ny c nh du l AUX. Bn cnh AUX l cc cng d liu theo kiu 25 chn nh: PI, DCE, TERM... trong cng DCE dng cho vic ghi li d liu tnh cc, cng TERM dng cho vic truy cp ca TERMINAL vo h thng khi lp trnh v bo dng.
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2.4.1.2 Cc loi CARD thng dng a./Phn loi CARD ca tng i Definity thnh 2 loi c bn: Card iu khin: Processor card TN786B, Network control TN777B... Card s dng v khai thc: Digital line TN754B, Analog line TN 746B... Trn cc card u c ghi tn, s hiu card ng thi mu th hin nhn gip d dng cm vo cc khe Slot c mu tng ng trn t tng i. b./B tr cc CARD: Cc card s dng khai thc u c th cm ty trn cc khe t 1 n 16 ca t chnh. Tuy nhin ph hp v tin li cho vic lp trnh cng nh qun l h thng, ngi ta a ra mt phng n sp xp cc card (c m t nh hnh trn) nh sau: T tri qua phi: Control card --> Digital card --> Analog Card --> ... T phi qua tri: DS1 Card --> E&M Card --> CO Trunk --> ...
2.4.1.3 Phn ngun H thng tng i hot ng trn ngun in p DC 48V cung cp t mt h thng ngun bao gm: B np v chuyn i ngun t AC 220V sang DC 48V. B c quy d phng khi mt in (4 chic). B phi ngun (chia ngun) cho tng i.
Hnh 2.9 S u ni ngun cho h thng
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B Recharger: dng ngun 220V, cung cp cho tng i ngun DC 48V, ng thi c ni vi c quy d phng khi mt in. Ty theo dung lng ca tng i m b Recharger c th l loi 20AMP/48V DC hoc 30 AMP/48 V DC. H thng ngun c ni t chung vi h thng tng i.
Hnh 2.10 S u ni chi tit ca b RECHARGER trong h thng
Ngun ca h thng cc thit b ngoi vi c ly ring qua h thng n p ring, tuy nhin cng c th dng ngun cung cp ca b Recharger, pha sau b Recharger c 2 u ra AC - 220V. 2.4.2 Phn mm h thng tng i: Phn mm tng i cho php ngi qun tr h thng c th theo di, sa i v lp mi cc i tng trn h thng. C th, ngi qun tr c th thay i thi gian trn ng h h thng, thay i cc thu bao, cc trung k, xem cc trng thi ca cc thu bao, trung k, thit b... Cc lnh qun l h thng tng i bao gm: Th tc ng k vo h thng. Thay i ng b h thng. Thm mt thu bao mi.
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Xa mt thu bao. Thay i cp dch v ca mt thu bao. Thm mt nhm trung k. Thm mt trung k vo mt nhm trung k. Hin th cc thu bao, cc trung k. Hin th trng thi thu bao, trung k. Tm thi loi b th bao hay trung k ra khi s hot ng ca h thng. a cc thu bao hay trung k tr li hot ng. Can thip vo k hoch s v k hoch chn ng. Thay i mt khu ca h thng. Thot khi h thng khi kt thc lm vic.
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KT LUNThng qua 5 tun thc tp, tuy thi gian tng i ngn nhng nhm thc tp c gng hon thnh tt t thc tp.Qua t thc tp ny chng em t c cc kt qu sau: Hiu c cu trc ca h thng v thit b truyn dn SDH trong thc t trn c s tm hiu h thng thng tin tn hiu ng st Vit Nam. Hiu v nm nm r c cu trc ca tng i ni b trong thc t trn c s tm hiu tng i ni b Matra 6550 ca ngnh ng st. Hc tp c cc quy ch qun l v iu hnh phng my v cc trang thit b vin thng. Thng qua t thc tp ny cng gip chng em cng c hn cc kin thc c hc ti trng v vn dng nhng kin thc hc vo thc t. T rt ra c nhiu bi hc kinh nghim qu bu v ngh nghip ca mnh trong tng lai v hiu r nhng kh khn cn phi gii quyt khi gp cc vn trong thc t cng vic v nghin cu. Mt ln na em xin cm n thy Nguyn Cnh Minh v cc cn b cng nhn vin Cng ty thng tin tn hiu ng st H Ni gip chng em hon thnh t thc tp ny.
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Ph lc 1: S h thng truyn dn SDH H Ni Vinh
2M bp 2M bp PAB PAB
2 2
PABPABV o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t
H ano G ia bat VanD ie Thuontin Cho
P
Do ng
Phu
Binh
C a ho
Dan xa
N a n
di
2 2PAB PABV o& D a t V o& D at V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t V o& D a t
T r i n hX uyen N ui Cat N inh C a Ye n G hen Don gia Bimson D olen N ghia
Tha nh
2 MbpsVoi &Data Voi &Data Voi &Data Voi &Data Voi &Data Voi &Data Voi &Daat
PABX
Giat Yen thai
Minhkhoi Thi long Van trai
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Khoatruong Truonglam Hoang Mai CauGiat
Symb ol : STM4s tation : STM1s tation :FOX
2 Mbps
:MUXstationP AVoi &Data Voi &Data
:2Mbps :O.F.( working )
Voi
&Data
Voi
&Data
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-61Yen ly
Bo co thc tpCho si Vinh
Myly
Quanhanh
:O.F.(protection
)
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Ph lc 2: S phng qun l mngDetail of the Central NMS
P r
S w
Q3 / QB3*
its
s
2Mbits
m Rou teur IP
2 Mb 2 Mbits
2 Mbit 2 Mbits
1
64 kb/s 64 kb/s
-6364 kb/s
Bo co thc tp1640FOX2B 1B O K
1640FOXDS C SNO EL O L POO CU D U
64kb/sB I/RST WI C i sc 1o 27 0 U A X W K O
LP
64kb/s
64kb/s
64kb/sC W I K A XU W
OCN OS LE LOO P O K RB S TI/ 3SPDCS UU 2B 1B LP
C scio 1 0 27
64kb/ s
64kb/s
STM1 equipment
16501650 SMC SMC
1650 SMC
1650 SMC
Q2
KO
1
PTS2EMP12 341234
1515x1 x 2 3 x x4 x1 x2 3
C ON OS
Q2
Q2
Q21x 2 x 3x 4x 1x 2 x 3x 4x
KO 2
56785678C SNO L
x5
x6 7 x x8
x5
x6 7 x x8
TP MSE2P1532674815263748K 1 C ON OS
1 5
PT SPME21523674815 263748OK 1 5 O OK 2 OK 2 x 6 x
1x 2 x 3x
4x
1 x
2
x
3 x
4 x
1 5 1 58x
MUX equipment
5x 6 x 7x
8x
5x 6 x 7x
Q2
Q2
KT
xx
1511
KT
xx
1511
KT1511
xx
2KOKPME T2PS57362 482653847 x5x6x78x5x 6x7x 1511
OK2PTKS2 KT EMP576234 87365248 x5x6x7x8x5x 6x7x 1511
xx
1511
-64 Bo co thc tp
TI LIU THAM KHO1. THS. V Th Thy H, TS. L Nht Thng (2007), K thut chuyn mch 2, HV Cng ngh bu chnh vin thng. 2. Tng cng ty ng st Vit Nam ( 2006), Quy nh qun l h thng truyn dn SDH H Ni- Vinh , D n hin i ha thng tin tn hiu H Ni-Vinh giai on 1. 3. Tng cng ty ng st Vit Nam ( 2006), Quy nh qun l tng i in t s MC 6550 IP , D n hin i ha thng tin tn hiu H Ni-Vinh giai on 1. 4. Tng cng ty ng st Vit Nam ( 2006), Quy nh qun l tng i in t s M6550 IP PBX , D n hin i ha thng tin tn hiu H Ni-Vinh giai on 1. 5. Tng quan v h thng truyn dn ng b SDH, ngun: http://www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn/News/PrintView.aspx?ID=16468,
