Bambara Manual 2(1)

8/14/2019 Bambara Manual 2(1)

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

This Bambara book is designed in the behalf of the Peace Corps Trainees learning Bambara to

help them meet the needs of Peace Corps Mali in terms of their linguistic and cultural training asVolunteers.

As this manual will be mostly used during the training that happens among the villagecommunities, its contents are based upon the CBT style.

We hope then, dear PCTs, that the use of this book could contribute efficiently not onlyto your training in Bambara language, but also to culturally guiding you, future volunteers.

The success of this book in both fields will depend on its use relating on the realities ofyour training sites.

This trainee book Kalanden ka Gafeis designed as follows:

IIII---- COMMUNICATIVES TASKS 17171717

Objectives Pictures Cultural Notes Safety and Security Notes Personal health Notes Dialogs Texts Vocabulary Grammar Exercises TDAs Self Evaluation

2222---- APPENDIX

Grammatical Notes Proverbs Translation Stories

We render a huge tribute to the Peace Corps/Mali Country Director,Doctor Michael J. Simsik, who constantly supported and fostered the Language Program inthe elaboration of these books.

Ours sincere acknowledgments also to the whole Training Team, particularly toMamadou Doudou NDoye (Assistant Language Coordinator and Project Manager), BocarBocoum (Language and Technical Training Coordinator), Moussa Camara, Abdallah AgMohamed Assaleh (Language and Cross Culture Facilitators) and all those who took part inthe elaboration of these books.

Thanks for your permanent endeavors and herein expecting your advises andsuggestions that will be, indeed, helpful for future language books.

Bocar BOCOUMLanguage and Technical Coordinator

July, 2009


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PrefacePrefacePrefacePreface

Welcome to Mali and our language training program! Our language training program, already provenhighly effective in its ability to teach trainees language acquisition in a very short amount of time,

continues to seek ways to broaden the language skills needed by Volunteers. Discussions andreflections among Peace Corps Staff and Volunteers about how we can improve the effectiveness of thelanguage program focused on the integration of language and technical skills acquisition for thepurpose of improving Volunteer performance in the field. The genesis of this reflection involves thefollowing question: What are the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) that Trainees need in orderto become highly effective Volunteers? This manual is, in part, an answer to this question as itspurpose is to provide you, as a Peace Corps Trainee, useful vocabulary and terminology based on realsituations that you should expect to encounter as a Volunteer in Mali. This manual also represents abig step in the direction of implementing the new training design and evaluation process, whereby alltraining activities are driven by clearly defined competencies, KSAs, learning objectives and teachingmethods.

As a Trainee, you have a very limited amount of time to acquire a new language. However, theadequate acquisition of your new language will be vital for you if you are to become an effectiveVolunteer. You can best use your precious language learning time by employing effective languagelearning strategies to improve your language skills. One such strategy that has proven successful is touse technical vocabulary and dialogs from real situations that you will encounter in your work.

Learning languages also requires a sense of adventure and a certain amount of experimentation on thepart of the learner. As the learner, you need to also be willing to make mistakes. You are highlyencouraged to do so, as your language trainers are a very sympathetic and friendly audience withwhom to make mistakes. They will guide you and correct you as needed, helping you to build yourskills along the way. We also ask that you practice often with the vocabulary and phrases in this

manual, and even use role plays with your language instructors to improve your mastery of thecontent. It will only help to ease your comfort level and build your confidence, so that once you are aVolunteer using these technical vocabulary and phrases in real situations with your counterparts,colleagues, and fellow villagers, you will not be intimidated (or at least, a little less so!). Note that thematerial in this manual is included because other Volunteers have found it useful to their work andother aspects of their service in Mali. So give it a try and see how it can help you to improve youracquisition of local language as well as your understanding of the technical aspects of the work youanticipate doing as a Volunteer.

I would also like to give a big thank you to Mamadou NDoye (Doudou)and Abdallah AgMohamed, who have labored hard to produce these manuals. Their diligent work and dedication are

acknowledged, and Peace Corps-Mali is grateful for their service and commitment to Trainees andVolunteers alike. They strive to insure that Trainees and Volunteers attain a comfort level in thelanguage in which they will work. With such a comfort level, Volunteers will be able to workproductively, integrate culturally, live happily, and leave Mali with a successful legacy of service totheir communities.

Good luck and again, welcome to Mali!

Dr. Michael J. SimsikProgramming and Training OfficerU.S. Peace Corps Mali

July 1st, 2009


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BAMBARABAMBARABAMBARABAMBARA

COMMUNICATIVETASK

OBJECTIVES VOCABULARY

GRAMMAR

1- Greeting

- Introducing

oneself

- Saying goodbye

Greet alone in appropriate waysaccording to the different moments

of the day, in the community.

Tell with precision his/her firstname, his family name and where

he/she comes from.

Use, at least, three (3) types ofquestions to know the name of

some objects in a real situation.

Expressions relatedto the situation

JobsTitles

Parenthood

expressions

Expressions forintroducing

Expressions for

leave taking

To be (b)

(yeye) at thepresent tense

Personalpronouns

Interrogative

words: min?

jon? -jumn?Transitive,

reflexive and

intransitive verbs at

the present tense

The

postposition la

2222- Asking the world

for something

Ask, at least, three (3) types ofquestions to find out the name and

the use of five (5) different objects

in a real situation.Identify, at least, five (5)different objects in his/her sector.Tell the use of, at least, five (5)different objects in his/her

community.

Use three (3) expressions ofpossession.

Usual expressions

for identifying

Classic objects

Numbers

The possessive

adjective kaThe

possessive

pronoun ta

The emphaticpersonal pronoun

The emphaticde

3333- Talking about

the family

Cite six (6) family relationshipsin his/her host family.Tell exactly the profession ofthree (3) family members and

where they live.Tell the social status and theage of, at least, three (3) familymembers in the target language.

Parenthood terms

Expressions such as

to be alive, dead,married, old, single,

etc.

To have(f)How

much/manyjoli?

4444- Shopping

Use efficiently the local moneyin a Malian market.Buy two (2) or three (3) items ina market or a shop.

Currency

Items of the market,

in the shops

Bargaining

expressions

Transitive,

reflexive and

intransitive verbs at

the pass tense

List of CommunicativeTasks


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5- Asking/Giving

directions

Locate, at least, two (2) places.Use, at least, three (3)expressions to ask and give

directions.

Name of place

Terms of locating and

giving direction

Cardinal points

Ordinal numbers

TheImperative

6666- Describe

a person, an objectand a place

Name, at least, ten (10) parts ofhuman body.Describe a person by pointingout, at least, five (5) physical and

five (5) moral traits.Describe, in five (5) correctsentences, his/her training site.Describe an object by giving two(2) or three (3) characteristics.

Body parts

Adjectives describing

morally and physically

Colors

Expressions for

describing

The kaauxiliary

Qualifying

adjectives +

mansuffixThe passive

voice with the

len/nensuffix

7777- Describe ones

mental and

physical state

Cite, at least, five (5) commonsicknesses in Mali.Ask, at least, one accuratequestion to get information aboutsomeones physical state.Formulate two (2) or three (3)blessings to a sick person.

Diseases

Expressions for

feelings, emotions anddesires

Expressions for

blessings

The Future

tense

The

Imperfect tense

8888- Talking about

daily activities

Cite, at least, four (4) dailyactivities of a man and four of a

woman according to the different

periods of the day.Cite five (5) activities of his/herown.

Cite, at least, five (5) daily orseasonal activities according to

the gender, and the age.Tell his/her daily timetable tohis/her host family.

The name of the

periods of the day

Verbs linked to daily

activities

Expressions linked toactivities

The

Hypotheticalfuture with

manaThe

Conditionaltense


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9- Talking about

traveling

Cite the three (3) most usedtransportation means in Mali.Ask three (3) appropriatequestions to get informed about

the means, the fare and the

schedule of transportationregarding his/her trip, in a real

situation.Use three (3) appropriateexpressions to wish welcome or

safe trip to a traveler.

Means of

transportation

Travel expressions

Blessings expressions

Verb

expressing

habit (ka deli

ka) at thepresent tense,

the past tense

and theImperfecttense

10101010- Talking about

meals

Cite, at least, five (5) Malianmeals.Explain, at least, one recipe tosomeone.

Enumerate four (4) behaviorswhen eating in Mali and compare

them to the American ones.

Name of dishes,

utensils, ingredients,beverages

Meals expressions

The use of

k


feasts and leisure

Cite three (3) religious andthree (3) traditional feasts in Mali.Name, at least, three (3) leisuretime activities in his/her

community and describe one of

them.

Name of religious and

traditional feasts

name of musical

instruments

Leisure time places

The

passive voice

12121212- Accept or decline

an invitation

Use, at least, three (3)expressions to invite someone in

a real situation.Use appropriately three (3)expressions to accept or decline

an invitation.

Expressions to invite

someone

Expressions to accept

an invitation

Expression to decline

an invitation

Verbsexpressing

desire andobligation at

the presenttense, the pasttense and the

Imperfecttense


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13- Asking for help

Use three (3) appropriateexpressions to ask for or decline

a proposal of help in a given

situation.

Expressions and

words for soliciting,proposing, accepting or

politely declining help

Expressions for giving

instructions to an

employee

Review ofthe tenses


weather

Cite three (3) characteristics ofthe main seasons in Mali.Cite, at least, two (2) activitiesrelated to the seasons, according

to gender.

Name of seasons,months

Characteristics of each

season

Activities during each

season

Review of

the tenses


ones skills

Explain in detail his/her work toanother person.Explain in detail one specificactivity related to his/hertechnical sector.

crafts

Professions

Terms of describing

skills

The actionnouns

The

agentivenouns

16161616- Getting informed

about ones area

Ask, appropriately, questions toget informed about his/her site.Interview resource persons inorder to list NGOs and

development partners working in

his/her commune.

The ethnic groups

Social ceremonies

Customs, taboos,

habits

The

comparatives

17171717- Leading a

community meeting

Use expressions to ask for theaudiences patience during a real

meeting.

Introduce (open) or to end(close) a meeting in his/her

community.Ask questions to get peoplesopinions on the subjects in a real

situation.

Expressions for

opening or closing a

meetingTerms related to

opinions

Thedemonstrative

adjective ninThe

relative

pronoun min


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1- Grammatical

Notes Use proper prefixes etsuffixes to form new words and

expressions.

Words and expressions

linked to grammatical

notes

The suffix

lan

The suffix

ntan

The suffix ta

The suffix

bali

The suffix ka

The prefix la

2- Translations

Use the items alone. DialogsTexts Use ofproverbs in dailycommunication

3- Stories

Introductory beginnerscourse into culture by stories

Expressions found

through stories andlegends from bambaracountry

Use of stories

and proverbs intraining activities


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Communicative Task:FOLI - MGJIRA MGWRLA FOLI BILA

GREETING INTRODUCING ONESELF SAYING GOODBYE

Objectives :1. Each trainee will be able to greet alone in appropriate ways according to the

different moments of the day, in the community.

2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell with precision his/herfirst name, his family name and where he/she comes from.

3. Each trainee will be able to use at least three (3) expressions to say goodbyein a real situation.

4. Each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) types of questions to knowthe name of some objects in a real situation.

Guess what are they saying?

Amadu:_______________________

Sali:__________________________


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Cultural Notes:

1. Greeting is very important in Mali. The one(s) who arrive(s) initiate(s) thegreeting.

2. Never greet people in the morning before washing the face.3.

The family name is very significant because it allows you to identify the jokingcousins, the ethnic group and the origin of the identified person.

4. Always announce where you are going and when you will probably be back.5. The host should always accompany the visitor to the gate.

a)- THE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGSTHE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGSTHE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGSTHE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGSIn Africa, greetings and salutations are extremely important to people. For the

American, who is used to saying nothing more than hi and then moving on, this may behard to get used to.The Bambara people and their language presente no exception to thisgeneralization. The exchanges presented to you in this and the following lessons represent

only a beginning upon which you can build up your inventory of salutations and eventuallyperfect the art of greeting in the Bambara world. When two good friends meet, the greetingsmay last as long as five minutes, and even longer if they havent seen each other for a longtime. Greetings are a way of showing the respect that people have for each other. Greetingsalways involve at least one handshake and usually involve a series of handshakings of varyingdurations. You will often see the men putting their hands to their chests after each handshake -part of showing respect. The greetings should always be begun with a handshake, andleavetaking will also require one handshake.

When you pass people that you know in the street, it is best to stop and go through atleast a short greeting exchange with them. Whatever your dealings may be with various

Malian people, it is important to start off your conversation or your business with thegreetings. You should never be in so much of a hurry that you dont have time to greetsomeone - it doesnt pay.

In a typical greeting dialogue, one person usually starts out and remains the initiator forseveral exchanges while the other person responds to the various greetings and questions.When that series is completed, then the roles switch and the initiator becomes the answerer forseveral exchanges.


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b)- TIMES OF DAYTIMES OF DAYTIMES OF DAYTIMES OF DAY

For greetings and for referring to the times of the day, the Bambara language makesfour different divisions of the day:

1- the morning ( sgma ),2- the heat of the day - around noon ( tile ),3- the afternoon ( wula) and4- the evening and night ( su).

There is a greeting for each of these divisions of the day. The greeting i ni sgmawould be literally translated as meaning you and the morning , but really corresponds withthe English Good morning and the French bonjour .

c)- GREETING PATTERNSGREETING PATTERNSGREETING PATTERNSGREETING PATTERNSThe following diagrams are designed to represent the various possibilities for use of the

basic greeting patterns presented in this lesson. Only one item is to be selected at a time fromboxes containing several listed items. Use these to check out the different possibilities and tomake up new ones. The order of the diagrams represents an acceptable ordering of thegreetings.

Greetings Responses

i ni sgma nba (male)

aw tile nse (female)

(name) wula

su

i ka k

n

(wa) ? tr(si) t

n nasomgw t u la

i c/muso t a la

i b di? n b hr la

hr drn

The words nbaand nseare used extensively in response to various greetings.Trying to translate them is useless, since we dont have their equivalents in English. Essentiallythey are signs of acknowledgement indicating acceptance of the greeting and recognition ofthe other person. Nbais the male response and nseis the female response.


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IIII---- DIALOGDIALOGDIALOGDIALOG

: I , !

: , ! H?

: H! I ?: !I tg?

: A . E ?

: . I !

: ! , ?

: . , ?

: E, ! .

: ! A !

: A! !

: !

Safety and Security Notes:

1. Greeting facilitates the integration and guarantees respect, personal andmaterial security in the community.

2. The joking cousin plays the role of an icebreaker and a social stabilizerbetween Malian communities.


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IIIIIIII---- VOCABULARYVOCABULARYVOCABULARYVOCABULARY

i ka kn? how are you? trt I'm fine

baasi t I'm fine trsi t no problem at alltana t? are you fine? tana t I'm fine

x ka kn x is healthy (fine) trt'a la he/she's finetrt'u la they're fine i bdi? how are you?x bdi? how are x? a bdi? how is it?a bten it's so so hrb? is there peace? (How are you?)

hrdrn peace only (fine) hrsira? how was your night?hrtilenna? how was your day? jamu duman? what's your last name?x dun? and x? (what about x)? i + family name acknowledging your

family name (a form of greeting)

tg name jamu last name

bangebaaw parents fa fatherba mother kr older sibling

dg younger sibling c husband/manmuso wife/woman teri friendteric male friend terimuso female friend

kalanden student karamg teacher

kuntigi chief mg leaderjamana country jamanatigi presidentdugu city dugutigi chief of villageAmeriki America ( U S A ) Farafinna Africa

ka b to come from x sigilen don + placex is settled in... ( live )x fil heres x min? where?jumn? which?, what? jon? who?jon don? who is it? x don its xnin ye x ye this is x

lakli school butigi shop

kalanso classroom dktrso hospital

dumunikyr restaurant, eating place. ka na to comeka taa to go ka x fo to greet x

kasung to sleep ka wuli to get upka x mn to hear x ka x caya to increase xka x kun bn to meet x k'i da to lay down

k'i lafi to rest k'i miiri to thinkk'i ko to wash oneself. k'i sigi to sit down

k'i yaala to take a walk k'inaj to have fun.


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COMMON EXPRESSIONSCOMMON EXPRESSIONSCOMMON EXPRESSIONSCOMMON EXPRESSIONS

To take leave of someone at different moments of the day: usually there is a leave takingexpression followed by the answer.

sungbn na I am sleepy. n sgnnen don I am tired.n taara I am leaving kelen! alreadyk'an b'u fo Say we greet them u n'a mn they will hear it

tell them hellok'an b'a fo Say we greet him/her a n'a mn She/he will hear it.

DUGAWDUGAWDUGAWDUGAW Blessings

k'an sni See you soon Ala ka tile hrcayaMay god increase thepeace of the day (Have a nice day)

ka su hr(caya) good night. ka duguuman j good night.

k'an b

n see you. k'an si (h

r

la) May we spend the night inpeace (Good night)

k'an kelen kelen wuliMay we get up one ka taa ni ka segin ngya Have a nice tripby one (Good night)

ka segin n'iuman ye May you come back safe.amiina Amen.

SOME TIME EXPRESSIONSSOME TIME EXPRESSIONSSOME TIME EXPRESSIONSSOME TIME EXPRESSIONS

sgma/sgmada fIn the morning tile f/tilegan f In the afternoon (12: am_3 pm)wula f In the afternoon suf In the evening

sni Soon kf Latersinin Tomorrow

SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARYSUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARYSUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARYSUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY

hakto please hakti la you are excusedbasi t no problem i ko di? what did you say?n ma faamu I did not understand it n ma mn I did not hear it

segin a kan repeat it a ftuguni say it again


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IIIIIIIIIIII---- GRAMMARGRAMMARGRAMMARGRAMMAR

THE PRESENT TENSE:THE PRESENT TENSE:THE PRESENT TENSE:THE PRESENT TENSE:

a)- Translations for to be

As will become apparent to you, there are a number of forms in Bambara that translatethe English verb to be. In this lesson we have been briefly exposed to two of these.

1- bin the sentence hrb: There is happiness.

tin the sentence trt: There is no trouble. This form is used to express existence, location, and state. The negative of this form is

indicated by the word t, as in the second example above. In example 2-, this form is used forexpressing existence. In the following two examples from this lesson, the same form isessentially used for location.

2- kain the question: i ka kn(wa)? How are you?

This form is used for what we will refer to as adjectives.Literally translated, the question corresponds to are you healthy? or are you well? in English, but it is used like the English How are you? or the French. Remember that kais the sign of this form and that knmeaning healthy is an adjective.

Adjectives will be more closely examined in Communicative Task: Describing a person,an object, a place.

3- To describe somebody or something in order to translate the English to be, theye... yeis used.

e.g: John ye kalanden ye. John is a student.

New-York yeameriki dugu ye. N.Y. is an American city.

Mali yejamana ye. Mali is a country.

N.B.: a- The descriptive adjective is placed between the two ye.

b- The negative form is constructed as follow:

t... ye

e.g: John tkaramgye. John isnt a teacher.

Los Angeles tjamana ye. L.A. isnt a country.


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b)- The transitive verbs:

e.g: I bmun kalan? What do you study?

N bBamanankan kalan. I study Bambara.

NB: b/tis the auxiliaryelement for the present in Bambara.

In Bambara, the direct object occurs before the verb.

e.g.: ka __ kalan ka __ dun ka __ sbn ka __ tobi ka __ f ka __ wele ka __ fo

Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + b+ Direct Object + V Subj + t+ Direct Object + V

N bBamanankan kalan. N tBamanankan mn ksb.I study Bambara I dont speak Bambara very well.

Interrogative form:

Subj + b+ Direct Object + V (wa)? Subj + t+ Direct Object + V (wa)?

I bTubabukan mn wa? Aw tbamanankan f?Do you (hear)/undertand/speak French? You dont speak Bambara?

c)- The reflexive verbs:

NB: Reflexive verbs or pronominal verbs always have an object pronoun that refers to the same person as thesubject. The object pronoun occurs before the verb.

e.g: Nbnko. I wash myself

But in Bambara, the third person object noun can be iin reflexive constructions.e.g: Abasigi = Abisigi. He sits down.

Karamgtisigi kalanso kn. The teacher doesnt sit down in the classroom.

e.g.: ki ko ki da ki sigi ki lafi ki yaala kinaj


Suj + b+ Pron + V Suj + t+ Pron + V

N bn ko sgma ni suf. N tn da joona suf.

Interrogative form:

Suj + b+ Pron + V (wa)? Suj + t+ Pron + V (wa)?

I b'i ko sgma ni wula f(wa)? Aw tawda joona suf?

NB: The reflexive pronoun always immediately precedes the reflexive verb in the infinitive:

Nbtaa nyaala. I am going to take a walk.

Awbtaa awnaj. You are going to amuse yourself.


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d)- The intransitive verbs:

e.g: I bbmin? Where are you from?

N bbAmeriki. I come from Amerika.

I btaamin? Where are you going?

N btaasugu la. I am going to the market.

NB: In Bambara, the indirect object (object + postposition) occurs after the verb.

e.g. : ka b ka taa ka segin ka kuma ka sung ka wuli ka yaala


Suj + b+ V + indirect Obj + postp Suj + t+ V + indirect Obj +postp

Sali btaa sugu la. Sali tsegin joona so.

Interrogative form:

Suj + b+ V + indirect Obj + postp (wa)? Suj + t+ V + indirect Obj +postp (wa)?

Amadu bkuma kalandenw fwa? I ba ttaa sugu la don go don?

e)- The verb k

The verb khas many meanings: to do, cause, happen, occur.Here, it was used as a transitive verb, meaning do.

e.g: ka kalan k(ka kalank) to do studying (to study)

ka baara k(ka baarak) to do work (to work)

NB: In the above two examples kalan is a noun meaning studying and baara is a noun meaning work.Both are direct objects of the verb k.


Suj + b+ Vk+ Obj + postp Suj + t+ Vk+ Obj +postp

N bbaarakkridelapla U tsnkdon go don.

Interrogative form:

Suj + b+ Vk+ Obj + postp (wa)? Suj + t+ Vk+ Obj +postp (wa)?

A bbaroka somgw fsu o su wa? I tsbnnikkalanso kn?

f)- The verb ko

e.g: I komun? What do you say?

N ko, n btaa so. I say, I am going home.


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The verb kothat appaeared once in these sentences means to say. It is a defectiveverb (one wich does not have all tenses) very frequently used in Bambara. It does not take anyauxiliary elements in Present tense.

g)- The postpositionla

Lais a preposition used for a place. It comes always after the place in thesentence.

Therefore, it is called a postposition.

S + b + Verb + Place + la

e.g: N b taa lakli la.

A bkalankUniversity la.

La become nain front of nasal sounds.

e.g: An btaagnna.

La is not used in front of so (specific place)e.g: N btaa so.

La is not used with geographical names (except for Mali).

e.g: An bbAmeriki.U ttaa Bamako.

A bbNew-York.

But: U bna Mali la.


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IVIVIVIV---- EXERCISESEXERCISESEXERCISESEXERCISES

1- Write the possible answers:I ni sgma ________________

I ka kn? ___________/__________/___________

I bdi? __________/__________/____________

Hrb? ________________/_________________

Somgw bdi? ________________/_________________

I fa n'i ba bdi? ________________/_________________

Hrsira? ________________

2- Create a conversation between Amadu and Bakari.

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:


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3- Match the words in A with those in B.A B

1- n btaa a- amen

2- lakli b- see you

3- k'an b'u fo c- they will hear it

4- amiina d- I leave

5- u n'a mn e- have a nice day

6- ka tile hrcaya f- school

7- k'an sni g- see you soon

8- k'an bn h- tell them hello

TDATDATDATDA 1- Greet at least two (2) to three (3) persons on your way:

Obseve the acts and gestures; Get informed on their identity and where they are from; Use at least three (3) expressions to take a leave in this real situation; Note down the new expressions.2- With a family members help:

Identify at least 5 objects of your choice in the court yard; Identify at least 5 objects in your room; Identify at least 5 objects in the kitchen.

SELF EVALUATIONSELF EVALUATIONSELF EVALUATIONSELF EVALUATION I can:

G : E: E Introduce myself: YES___ NOT YET ___ Introduce someone: YES ___ NOT YET ___ : YES ___ NOT YET___


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Communicative Task:FNW TGININKALIASKING THE WORD FOR SOMETHING

Objectives:

1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to ask, at least, three (3) typesof questions to find out the name and the use of five (5) different objects in a

real situation.

2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to identify, at least, five (5)different objects in his/her sector.

3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell the use of, at least, five(5) different objects in his/her community.

4. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to use three (3) expressions ofpossession.

Cultural Notes:

1. Always greet people before asking them.2. It is not advised to name intimate body parts.


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IIII---- VOCABULARYVOCABULARYVOCABULARYVOCABULARY

kalanso classroom duloki shirtkulisi shorts tabulo chalkboard

saki (br) bag segi basket

lakr chalk taji (pitrli) keroseneso house ssi (sigilan) chair

palan (shiyo) bucket trsi flash lightbiki pen dbn matfuralan broom kaye copy bookdilan (dalan) bed birifini blanketgafe (liburu/kitabu)book li beddara bed sheet kiriyon pencilsange (sanke) mosquito net pili batteryksu trunk safin soap

te (dute) tea sukaro sugarbutiki shop finfin (saribon) charcoalalimti matches fini clothsamara shoes salidaga kettlefifalan fan lanpan kerosene lampka furannik to sweep ka x furan to sweep xka x fifa to fan x ka x ko to washka x don to wear x ka x mn/ka x tugu to light

ka x ta to take x ka xkykn/la to put x(liquid) in y

ka xdon ykn/la to put x(solid) in y ka x siri to tie x/to fasten x

ka x sbn to write x ki fifa to fan one selfka x faga to put off (light) ka x tig to cut xka x (da) yl to open x ka x (da) tugu to close x / to shut x

ka xininka to ask x ka x jaabi to answer x

ka xf to explain x ka x laj to look at x/to watch xki biri ni xye to cover oneself with x


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IIIIIIII---- GRAMMARGRAMMARGRAMMARGRAMMAR

The possessive case:

The possessive adjective: The only Bambara word katranslates the possessive

adjectives my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their in English.e.g: i-

S + ka + obj. Subj s obj.

N ka saki my bag.

John ka so Johns house

U ka kalanso Their classroom

ii-

S + ka+ obj. + don Its Subj.s obj.

N ka duloki don Its my shirt.

A ka sigilan don Its his chair.

iii-Nin ye + S + ka+ Obj. ye This is Subj.s Obj

Nin ye jn ka saki ye? Whose bag is this?

Nin ye n ka saki ye. This is my bag.

N.B.: Ka never varies. It is the possessed object which takes the plural form.

e.g: A ka sigilanw His chairs.An ka sakiw Our bags.

N.B.: We dont use Ka with the family or intimate relations and the parts of the body.

e.g: N fa don Its my father.

Nin ye n ba ye. This / that is my mother.

A tericdon. Its his/her friend.

I da Your mouth.


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The possessive pronoun ta

The word ta replaces the object possessed. It translates the English words: mine,yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs according to the subject.

i-Subj. + ta+ don It is Subj.s

Subj. + ta+ t It is not Subj.s

e.g: N ka saki don. It is my bag.

N ta don It is mine.

Aw ta t. Its not yours.

ii-Nin + ye + Subj.+ta+ ye This is Subj.s

Nin + t

+ Subj.+ta+ ye This is not Subj.se.g: Nin ye n ka samara ye. This is my shoe.

Nin ye n ta ye This is mine.

Nin tJohn ka samara ye. This is not Johns shoe.Nin tJohn ta ye. This is not Johns.

N.B.: ta always replaces an object possessed which we mentioned before.When objects possessed are many, ta becomes taw ( plural form. ).

e.g: John ka bikiw don.

A taw don.

The emphatic personal pronouns

Simple pronouns Emphaticsn ne I mei e youa ale he, him; she,her; itan anw we usaw aw youu olu they them


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The emphatic de

It is used when we want to insist on the situation. It always goes with the emphaticpronouns.

e.g: Jn ka biki don? Whose pen is it?

Ne deka biki don. It is mypen.

Ne deta don. It is mine.

N.B.: The emphatic pronouns can be subjects too whenever we put an emphasis on a factor or situation.

e.g: Ne debbAmeriki. Its mewho comes from USA.

Ale debtaa Bamako. Its himwho goes to Bamako.

Using the structure:

Subj. + b+ Obj. + V + ni + x + ye Subj. + V + with the Obj.

e.g: N bso furan ni furalan ye. I sweep the house with the broom.

A bji ta ni shiyo ye. He/she takes water with the bucket.

N.B.: This structure can be used only with the objects we can take easily with our hands work with.

The above structure is used to answer to the question below

Subj. + b+ mun + k+ ni + x + ye? hat does Subj. do with x?

e.g: I bmun kni alimti ye? What do you do with the matches?

N blanpan mnni alimti ye. I light the kerosene lamp with the matches.

But when the object is not taken to work with the question is:

Subj. + b+ mun + k+ Obj. + la/na?

e.g: I bmun ktaji la? What do you do with the kerosene?

N btaji klanpan kn. I put the kerosene in the kerosene lamp.


When in trouble, knowing the names of things may be helpful.


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IIIIIIIIIIII---- EXERCISESEXERCISESEXERCISESEXERCISES

Translate the following sentences in Bambara:1. No it is not his. _________________________________2.

It is ours. _________________________________3. No they are mines. _________________________________

4. It is mine. _________________________________5. Its me who comes from USA. _________________________________6. Its him who goes to Bamako. _________________________________ Ask your brother or sister the name of things you want to know.

TDATDATDATDA With a family members help:

Identify at least five (5) objects of your choice in the court yard; Identify at least five (5) objects in your room; Identify at least five (5) objects in the kitchen.


Formulate questions t .: YES __ NOT YET __

Give the name of certain current objects: YES __ NOT YET __


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Communicative Task: DENBAYA/SOMGWTALKING ABOUT THE FAMILY

Objectives:

1. Without help, each trainee will be able to cite six (6) family relationships inhis/her host family.

2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell exactly the professionof three (3) family members and where they live.

3. Without help, each trainee will be able to tell the social status and the age of,at least, three (3) family members in the target language.

Amadu ka denbaya fil.

A muso tgAssa

A denw tgFanta, Madu, Awa ani Seku.


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Cultural Notes:

1. In Mali, when we talk about family, we refer to the extended one.2. Cousins are considered as siblings and there is a joking relationship

between them as well as between sisters-in-law and brothers-in-law, or

grand parents and grand children.3. Parents can beat their children, just to discipline them; also some

husbands beat their wives.

IIII---- VOCABULARYVOCABULARYVOCABULARYVOCABULARY

FAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY MEMBERS

bangebaa/mansa parent fa fatherba mother c man/husbandmuso woman/wife den childdenc/denk son denmuso daughterbalima sibling balimak brother

balimamuso sister kr elder

krc/krk older brother krmuso older sister

dg younger dgc/dgk younger brother

dgmuso younger sister mk grandfather

mmuso grandmother mden grandchildbnk uncle tnmuso aunt

SOME EXPRESSIONSSOME EXPRESSIONSSOME EXPRESSIONSSOME EXPRESSIONS

x sigilen don + place/x sigilen b+ place x is settled + placen tn bangebaaw bara I dont live at my parentsx balolen don x is alivex balolen t x isnt alivex sara/x bana x is deadx furulen don x is marriedx furulen t x isnt marriedx furu salen don x is divorcedx ye cganan ye x is a bachelor/singlex ye musoganan ye x is single

x krlen don x is oldx san ye + number ye/x ye san + number x is number year old


1. The concept of privacy is restricted in Malian families.2. Belongings are considered as common. (Beware: take care of your

stuff)


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IIIIIIII---- GRAMMARGRAMMARGRAMMARGRAMMAR

Possessive F

i- Possessive have in English is commonly expressed in Bambara by what we call

a locative construction. These constructions do not contain verbs. They consist of a noun (ornoun phrase) followed by the auxiliary bor t, ffollowed by a postpositional phrase (anoun or noun phrase followed by a postposition). A postposition is much like a prepositionwith the exception that it follows its object rather than preceding it.

Locative construction:Noun + Aux. + Noun + Post.

ii- The most common postposition for expressing possession is F,which translatesvery roughly into English as "with". But here it means have. e.g.:

a)- Affirmative form:

Object + b+ Subject + f Subject have the Object

Biki b n f. I have a pen.

b)- Negative form:

Object + t+Subject + f Subject have not the Object

Den t n f. I have not a child.

c)- Interrogative form:

Object + b+Subject + f(wa) ?Den b i f? Do you have a child?


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IIIIIIIIIIII---- EXERCISESEXERCISESEXERCISESEXERCISES

Answer the following questions in full sentences.1- Balima joli bi f? ____________________________________________________________

2- Den joli bi bangebaw f

? _____________________________________________________3- I balimaw bmin? ___________________________________________________________

4- I balima jumn sigilen b'i bangebaw bara? ______________________________________

5- I bangebaw bmun baarak? _________________________________________________

6-Jn ye kalanden ye ekliba la aw ka so? ________________________________________

7-Jn bsoknbaara kaw ka so?______________________________________________

8- I balimaw ye san joli ye?____________________________________________________

9- I ni mkani i mmuso sigilen bdugu kelen knwa? _________________________

Translate into Bambara.1- My sister has a daughter.____________________________________________________

2- They have too many children._______________________________________________3- My brother is not yet married._______________________________________________

3- His father is a teacher._____________________________________________________5- My mother works at the hospital. ____________________________________________

6- Their sisters live in England.________________________________________________

7-She has ten brothers and five sisters._________________________________________

8-We have good trainers._____________________________________________________

9-Youre my brother._________________________________________________________

10-My aunt is divorced._______________________________________________________

Get the family tree of your host family by asking a member. You may have to reportto the class.

TDATDATDATDA 1- Get informed the identity and profession of some of your host family members.

2- Draw your host family tree.


Describe my family: YES___ NOT YET___


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Communicative Task: SANNISHOPPING

Objectives:

1. Each trainee will be able to use efficiently the local money in a Malian marketwithout his/her notes.

2. Without his/her notes or any other help, each trainee will be able to buy two(2) or three (3) items in a market or a shop.

Mun ni mun bsrnin sugu la?

Cultural Notes:

1. In Mali, prices are not fixed in the markets, so, bargaining is practiced.2. People get informed about prices before going to the market.3. Sellers are often aggressive in marketing their goods.


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IIII---- DIALODIALODIALODIALOGGGG

: ! ! ! B !

: I ! , !

: , . . .

: ii ye joli ye?

: ! .

,

: A! A , .

: A . I ?

: A . .

: A . , .

: I ! . H! .

: F . I !

: A! !


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MONEYMONEYMONEYMONEY SYSTEM:SYSTEM:SYSTEM:SYSTEM:

In malian monetary system the unity is drmkelen. It equals five francs.

e.g: 5F = drmkelen 10F = drmfila

25F = (drm)duuru 50F = (drm)tan

100F = (drm)mugan 250F = (drm)biduuru

500F = (drm)km 1000F = (drm)kmfila

2500F = (drm)kmduuru 5000F = (drm)waa kelen

10.000F = (drm)waa fila

butigi the shop butigitigi the shop keeper

sugu the market feerekla the seller

sannikla the buyer wari money

warimisn change/coins sng/da price

sanni shopping feere selling

falen change trmli bargaining

BUTIGI KBUTIGI KBUTIGI KBUTIGI KNNNNFFFFNWNWNWNW(THINGS IN THE SHOP)(THINGS IN THE SHOP)(THINGS IN THE SHOP)(THINGS IN THE SHOP)

safin soap safinmugu soap powder

kafe coffee alim

ti matchestulu oil sigrti cigarette

te tea buru bread

shokola chocolate pili battery

buru kala (kelen) loaf of bread ltiriforoko envelop

sukaro sugar pati tooth paste

kaye note book brsi tooth brosh

bnbn candy biki pen

nn milk nnmugu milk powder

nnjiman concentrated milk shfan eggs

SUGULAFSUGULAFSUGULAFSUGULAFNWNWNWNW ( THINGS IN THE MARKET)( THINGS IN THE MARKET)( THINGS IN THE MARKET)( THINGS IN THE MARKET)

yiriden fruit lenburukumun lemon

lenburuba orange namasa banana

mangoro mango jabibi pine apple

manje papaya


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NAFNAFNAFNAFNWNWNWNW (INGREDIENTS)(INGREDIENTS)(INGREDIENTS)(INGREDIENTS)

sogo meat jg fish

jaba onion lenburuba orange

tigadg peanut butter tamati tomato

namasa banana shu cabbage

foronto pepper ngan ocra

ngy egg plant layi garlic

OTHER THINGSOTHER THINGSOTHER THINGSOTHER THINGS

bagi material fini cloth

tafe pagne sanbara/samara shoes

duloki a shirt kulusi pants

mnturu a watch

HAKHAKHAKHAKWWWW (MEASURES)(MEASURES)(MEASURES)(MEASURES)

sara pile (tiga sara/a pile of peanut ) litiri a liter

litiri tilanc a half of litre pake a pack

SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAININGSOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAININGSOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAININGSOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAINING

ayiwa o.k. hn take it

ka x san to buy x ka x feere to sell x

ka x falen to make change ka x trm to bargainka x segin to give back x x bana x is finished

xye joli ye? how much is x x da/sngka gln x is expensive

x + b+ place (la) x is at place dba la reduce it

a barika reduce or increase it a san x (la) buy it at ...price

a di yan x (la) give it to me at ... price wariko don I have no money

i kari kari ye joli ye? what is your last price? o t'a sr you can't have it at this price

xda/sngka ngn /ka di/man gln x is cheap

x+ b+ Pers + bolo/x + bPers + f to have

objet + bsrplace (la) object is found at place


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1. Take care of your handbags and pay attention to people who get too closeto you in the market.

2. Dont put all your eggs in one basket. Avoid exposing a lot money andcheck your change after buying.

3. Dont accept any help except you know the person.

Personal health Notes:

Avoid buying unprotected market food and drink because of sanitation

conditions.


THE PAST DEFINITETHE PAST DEFINITETHE PAST DEFINITETHE PAST DEFINITE

The past in bambara is grouped into categories: Regular verbs and irregular Verbs.

All verbs requiring an object, all verbs ending by kand all reflexive verbs are regular.

In transitive constructions the past is indicated by the auxiliary ye.

In the negative, the past is formed in the same way for both transitive and intrasitiveconstructions: the auxiliary is main regular auxiliary position.

Here are their structures:

1- Regular Verbs

Transitive Constructions:

Ex: Don go don sgma, n bkafe min. (Present tense) Ex: Bi sgma, n yemni min. (Past definite) Ex: Kunun, n taarasugu la.

i)Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + y+ Obj + V Subj + ma+ Obj + V

Bi sgma, n yesafinsan butigi la. Bi sgma, n masafinsan butigi la.This morning I bought soap in the shop. This morning I didn't buy soap in the shop

Interrogative form:

Subj + y+ Obj + V (wa)? Subj + ma+ Obj + V (wa)?

Bi sgma, i ba yeji kalaya joona wa? Suri madute min wa?Did your mom heat water earlier this morning? Didnt you drink tea last night?


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ii)Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + ye+ Vk+ Obj + postp Subj + ma+ Vk+ Obj +postp

A yebaarakkridelapla U masnkforo la.

Interrogative form:

Subj + ye+ Vk+ Obj + postp (wa)? Subj + ma+ Vk+ Obj +postp (wa)?

I yebaroki somgw fsurwa? I masbnnikkalanso kn?

iii)Affirmative form: Negative form:

Subj + ye+ Pron + V Subj + ma+ Pron + V

N yen ko bi sgma. N man da joona sur.I washed myself this morning I did not lie down early last night.

Interrogative form:

Subj + ye + Pron + V (wa)? Subj + ma + Pron + V (wa)?

I y'i ko bi sgma (wa)? Aw mawda joona sur?

2- Irregular Verbs

Intransitive Constructions:

In intransitive constructions the auxiliary is the suffix raor naor laattached to the verb.a) SuffixRa rais the basic form


Subj + Vra+ Compl + postp Subj + ma+V + Compl + postp

Kunun, n taarasugu la Aw mataa sugu la kunun.Yesterday I went to the market. Yesterday I didn't go to the market.

Interrogative form:

Subj + Vra+ Compl + postp (wa)? Subj + ma+V + Compl + postp (wa)?

Aw sungrajoona sur? Aw masungjoona sur?Did you sleep early last night? Didnt you sleep early last night?

b)- SuffixNa na: after nasal consonants


Subj + Vna+ Compl + postp Subj + ma+V + Compl + postp

An kununnajoona Aw makuma u f.


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Interrogative form:

Subj + Vna+ Compl + postp (wa)? Subj + ma+V + Compl + postp (wa)?

Aw kumanau fwa? Aw makuma u f?Did you talk to them? Didnt you talk to them?

c)- SuffixLa la: if the consonant immediately preceding is an l


Subj + Vla+ Compl + postp Subj + ma+V + Compl + postp

Kunun wula fan boliladugu sira krf. Aw maboli bi sgma.Yesterday afternoon we ran by the road. You did not run this morning.

Interrogative form:

Subj + Vla+ Compl + postp (wa)? Subj + ma+V + Compl + postp (wa)?

Aw wulilajoona bi sgma? Aw maboli bi sgma?Did you wake up early this morning? Didnt you run this morning?

3- Time expressions

Here are some time expressions going with the past definite.

sur_> last night kunun_> yesterday kunasinin_> the day before yesterday

dgkun tmnen_> last week kalo tmnen_> last month salon_> last year


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Do the following matching game:1- km a- 9355F

2- kmsaba b- 5500F3- kmwrni biduuru c- 70F4- wa kelen ni kmsegin ni biwolonfila ni kelen d- 110F5- wa kelen ni km e- 45F6- mugan ni fila f- 3250F7- tan ni naani g- 500F

8- drmknntn h- 1500F

Do the following matching game:1- d ba la/a barika a-what do you have on you?

2- i b'a san joli? b- what's your last price?3- o t'a sr. c- how much is the shirt?4- ikari kari ye joli? d- have it.

5- hn. e- how much do you pay for it?6- safinbanna. f- reduce the price.7- duloki ye joli ye? g- that cannot afford it.8- wari di yan. h- give the money.

9- safinbsrbutigi la. i- give the change back.

10- nnbanna. j- can you change 500F?11- buru tyan. k- you can find soap in the shop.

12- tiga drmtan na di yan. l- there is no bread.13- kmfalen b'i bolo wa? m- soap is finished.14- warimisn segin. n- give me peanut for 50F.15- mun b'i kun? o- milk is finished

Change the following sentences into the past definite N bnamasa san sugu la. _____________________________________

An bna kalanyrla sgma joona. ____________________________ A tsannikbi. ______________________________________________ N bwuli joona ka boli. _______________________________________

I tfoyi knakla. ___________________________________________ An bdumunikyan dimasi. __________________________________


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Refering to this picture complete this dialogue between Amadu and Samba.

Amadu: ___________ Samba: Nba i ni sgma

Amadu: ___________ Samba: fini mtiri ye wa kelen ye

Amadu: ___________ Samba: I b'a san joli?

Amadu: ___________ Samba: O t'a sr

Amadu: ___________ Samba: Kmsegin

Amadu: ___________ Samba: Wari di

Amadu: ___________ Samba: K'an b'u fo

Amadu: ___________


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TDATDATDATDA 1- In the host village, identify at least five (5) products of your choice from the placesbelow:

At the market; In a shop; From a street seller.

NB: Use the board below:

Shop items Market itemsFruits/jiridenw Sauce ingredients/nafnw Others/fn wrw

2- Buy two (2) or three (3) items of your choice in a shop or in the market.

Observe the sellers attitudes before and during buying; Bargain the prices of items (what were the proposed prices and the ones at which you

bought your articles?)


Use efficientlythe local money: YES: __ NOT YET: __ Ask about the availibility of something: YES: __ NOT YET: __ Buy in a market or a shop: YES: __ NOT YET: __


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Communicative Task: YRW TAMASERECOGOASKING/GIVING DIRECTIONS

Objectives:

1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to locate, at least, two (2)places.

2. Without any help, each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3)expressions to ask and give directions.

Cultural Notes:

1. Greet people before asking them for directions.2. In small villages, people prefer leading you to the place rather than

giving you directions.

3. People refer to common well-known places to indicate directions insteadof referring to the cardinal points.

IIII---- DIALOGDIALOGDIALOGDIALOG

: A !

: , ! D!

: B ! A ! .

: D , A .

: I ! A , .

: A! I . I , , .

D . .

: I ! !

: ! !

: A!


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There are some places people refer to locate a given point ( common or public places orbuildings,wellknown people... )

dgtrso hospital pn bridgeyirisunba the big tree dugutigi ka so the chief of the villages house

siraba the main road pnpe pump

worodugu south kkdugu north

krn east tilebin west.fan side of x x fan f at x sideyan here yen there.

The following expressions are used to lead someone to a certain point.

i tilen ka taa.(fo...) Go straight.(until...) fara i numan f Turn left.

fara i kini f. Turn right. sira tig. Cross the roadtmn so la. Pass over the house se so ma. Reach the house.

These other expressions are very polite used by someone who wants a help to findhis/her way.

n ma! Please, help me! i bse kan ma? Can you help me?haketo! Excuse me! x bfan jumn f? Where is x ?

x yrka jan wa? Is x far? a ma jan (wa)? Isnt it far?

a ka ja dni Its fairly far x sira bmin? Where is the way to x ?

i bi tilen nin sira f

You go straight on this road. i ni baraji Thanks.Here are some useful prepositions for giving or receiving directions.

xf in front of x xkf behind x

xkn in x xkan on x

duguma on the ground xKr under xxkrf next to x xni yc between x and y.xkuna above x xcmancla at the center of xxsanf above x

The are other common words you meet in the context of giving or receiving directions.ka xinin to look for x ka xjira pers. la/na to show x to pers.ka fili to make an error ka tunun to be lostxtununnen don x is lost xka jan yla/na x is far from y

ki munumunu xkf to go around x


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The Ordinal numbers are built on the cardinal numbers by adding nan, except for fl(first) and laban (last).Here are some examples:

Cardinal numbers Ordinal numbers

kelen fl firstfila filanan secondsaba sabanan thirdnaani naaninan fourthx laban laban last.


1. In big cities, people hesitate to indicate somebodys house. (Because ofsecurity issues)

2. Always double-check when you are given a direction.3. He who asks doesnt get lost.


The Imperative

a)- The Imperative in Bambara is used for making polite requests, suggestions orcommands.


(obj) + Verb kana+ (obj) + Verb

e.g: -Jimin! (Drink water!) kanaji min!- Iko! (Wash!) kani ko!- Taa!(Go!) kanataa!

b)- This is formed by using the auxiliary kain the affirmative and kanain the negative.


Suj + ka+ (obj) + Verb Suj + kana+(obj) + Verb

e.g: An kajimin! (Lets drink water!) Aw kanaklnnaji min!An kanko! (Lets wash!) I kani kokji la!An kataa!(Lets go!) An kanataa!


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c)- The second person plural imperative (you all) is frequently formed by using thepronoun aand the auxiliary ye.


Suj + ye+ (obj) + Verb Suj + kana+(obj) + Verb

e.g: A(w) yejimin! Aw kanaklnnaji min!

A(w) yawko! Aw kanaw kokji la!A(w) yetaa! Aw kanataa!


Translate the following sentences into Bambara1- Come here. _____________________________________

2- Turn left. ______________________________________3- Go straight. _____________________________________

4- Cross the third road. _______________________________

5- Come and eat. ___________________________________

6- Dont speak English. _______________________________

7- Speak Bambara.__________________________________

8- Dont laugh. ____________________________________

Translate the following sentences into Bambara1- We are in the classroom.__________________________

2- The blackboard is in front of us.______________________

3- My book is on the wall.____________________________

4- The mosque is in the center of village__________________

5- My house is near the shop.__________________________

6- The book is under the table._________________________

7- Segu is between Bamako and Mopti._______________

8- Sometimes we study outside._________________________

9- The bag is on the floor._____________________________


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Translate these sentences into bambara.1- Excuse me. Can you show me the way to Bamako.

_______________________________________________

2- Good morning brother. I am lost. Do you know where the hospital is?

_______________________________________________

3- It is not far from here_______________________________________________

4- Go straight. Cross the fifth road and turn right_______________________________________________

5- Yes, I know him. Do you see the big house other there? It is behind that one._______________________________________________

6- Is Segou far from Bamako?________________________________________________

7- Turn around over this red car then turn left and go straight.The mosque is in front of you._____________________________________________

Use the command or the imperative form of these sentences below.Please follow the modeles.

Modeles: I btaa sugu la. taa sugu la.

An b

mangoro dun. An ka mangoro dun.Aw tbiyri min. A kana biyri min.

1- Aw bltrci aw teriw ma. ____________________

2- Aw t'aw ko baji la. ____________________

3- I bbaroki somgw f. ____________________

4- Aw bkuma bamanankan na tuma b ____________________

5- I tkuma Angilkan na. ____________________

6- Aw taw sigi duguma ____________________

7- I b'i ko don o don ____________________8- I tmgw neni dugu kn. ____________________

9- I btaa dute min i teriw bara ____________________

10-Aw bna kalanso la joona ____________________


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TDATDATDATDA 1- Make a map of your town and show:

Your family; Every trainees family in this town; Public places.

2- Ask directions to two (2) or three (3) persons to find out the house of the chief of thevillage.

With the chief, get informed about the geographic location of the neighbouringvillages.

3- Or, ask for directions to find out the house of a village chiefs consellor.

Get informed from him about different public interest places and their location inthe village.

4- From the school master/a pupil, get informed about the geographic location of thebordering countries with Mali.

5- With a younger sister/brothers help:

Identify at least 10 body parts.


Indicate a place to someone by using appropriate expressions: YES __. NOT YET __

Thank someone after he gives me indications: YES__. NOT YET __.


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Communicative Task:MGNI FNW TAMASERE COGODESCRIBING A PERSON, AN OBJECT AND A PLACE

Objectives:

1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to name, at least, ten (10)parts of human body.

2. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to describe a person by pointingout, at least, five (5) physical and five (5) moral traits.

3. Each trainee will be able to describe, in five (5) correct sentences, his/hertraining site without notes.

4. Each trainee will be able to describe an object by giving two (2) or three (3)characteristics without his/her notes.

IIII---- TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT

Nin muso in man jan, a man surun. Akisw ka kunba, ainw jlen don. A ckai. A

nison ka di tuma b. Mgsbdon.


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Cultural Notes:

1. In public, talking about/touching intimate body parts is culturallyinappropriate in Mali.

2. In general, we dont talk about a womans pregnancy in front of her.3.

Talking about someones physical and mental infirmities is embarrassingfor him/her.

4. Being fat is a sign of wealth and good health; but being skinny is a signof problems.


PARTS OF THE BODY:PARTS OF THE BODY:PARTS OF THE BODY:PARTS OF THE BODY: FARIKOLO:FARIKOLO:FARIKOLO:FARIKOLO:

nun nose kn stomach/belly da mouthdisi chest senkala leg kunbere kneekan neck kamankun shoulder bolo(kala) arm


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COLORSCOLORSCOLORSCOLORS

Please note the different forms of expressing colors in Bambara.

Jman ---nin ye jman ye ---- nin jlen don ----- a ka jwhite

Finman--- nin ye finman ye ----nin finnen don ---a ka finblack

Bilenman--- nin ye bilenman ye -----nin bilennen don

Binknman/ugujiman-- nin yeugujiman ye -- ugujima don

Nrmuguman---- nin ye nrmuguman ye ---- nrmuguman don

Lankiriman ----- nin tbilenman ye ------ lankiriman don

Worojima

Siklma

baga

NB: In Mali for most people, mainly with old, rural or illiterate people there are only two concepts of colors:WHITE ( for bright ) and BLACK ( for dark ).


Touching or naming intimates parts in front of opposite sex can expose

to harassment.

Bulaman------ nin ye bulaman ye -------- x bulaman don


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1. ka auxiliaryThe kaauxiliary is used to express the english is/are in the affirmative.

The manis the negative form of kaand it expresses is/are not.


Subject + ka+ adj Subject + man+ adj

e.g: Mike Tyson ka surun. Magic Johnson man surun.Mike Tyson is short. Magic Johnson is not short.

Chart of exception

Chart of exception

As the title indicates, these are exception to the formation of adjectives in Bambara

S V Adj S V N Adj. (man) S Adj. (man) V

Bob Ka bon Bob ye den belebele(ba) ye mg belebele don

a Ka dgn a ye c fitini ye c fitini don

i Ka jan i ye --- amanjan ye --- jamanjan don

a Ka i a ye --- uman ye --- uman don

n Ka kunba n ye --- kunbaba ye --- kunbaba don

a Ka di a ye --- duman ye --- duman don

--- Ka --- --- ye --- -------- ye --- -------- don

When you used a substantive ( noun ) to express is, the following is used:


Subject + ye+ noun + adj(man) + ye Subject + t+ noun + adj(man) + ye

e.g: Mike Tyson yecsurumanye. Mike Tyson tmgjman ye.Mike Tyson is a short man. Mike Tyson is not a white person.

NB: The ye...yeis negated in t...ye.

2. The donis used to express is/are ( or it is, they are ) as in the followingexamples:

e.g: Mobili bilenman don________ It is a red car.

Amerikn finman don ______ He/She is a black american.

NB:The negative of donis t

e.g: Mobili jman t____________ It is not a white car.

Muso juguman t___________ She is not a mean woman.


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3. Passive voice len/nen In this Communicative Task you have been briefly introduced to the Bambara

Passive voice. In the following sentence occurred:Karamgjlendon kalanso kn.Jis the

root of the verb stand. jlenis a Passive voice.

Passive voiceare not used to describe actions, but to describe the state achieved

upon completion of the action. The Passive voiceis formed for all verbs without exception

with the verb root plus the suffix len(which becomes nenin nasal environments.)

e.g: kaj___jlen ka sgn ___ sgnnen


Subject + Verb + len/nen+ don Subject + Verb + len/nen+ t

Karamgjlendon kalanso kn. Kalandenw sgnnent.

Interrogative Form:

Subject + Verb + len/nen+ don (wa)? Subject + Verb + len/nen+ t(wa)?

Kalandenw jlendon kalanso knwa? Kalandenw sgnnent?


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Identify each part of the body according to the following indications: .

1__ bolokala 4__ nnkn 2__ senkala 3__ bolokan5__ tulo 6__ nun 7__ kunbere 8__ kamankun

9__ senkniw 10__ woro 11__ da 12__

15__ kn 13__ senkuru 14__ bolonkni 16_ k17__ sentgw 19__ ten 18__ tgk 20__ kan


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Do as in these examples( using the modified adjectives).EX.: Nin dute ka gonin. ___ Dute gonin(man) don

1-Nin muso kai ________________________________

2-Nin c

ka surun ________________________________3-Nin jiri ka jan. ________________________________

4-Nin ji ka suman ________________________________

5-Nin namasa ka di _______________________________

6-Nin jiriden ka kumun ____________________________

7-Nin sgn ka ca _________________________________

8-Nin so ka bon _________________________________

9-Nin mobili ka dogon _______________________________

10-Nin cka kunba ________________________________

Do as in these examples( using the passive voice).EX: A fa ka kr___________A fa krlen don.

Bob kunsigi man fin_____A kunsigi finnen t.

1.I ka mobili ye bilenman ye wa? ______________________________

2.A cman kr. _________________________________________

3.Madu fari ka fin.___________________________________________

4.Umaru kunsigi man j. _____________________________________

5.Nin lenmuru ka kumun wa? ________________________________

6.Nin so man fr. ___________________________________________

7.N nison ka di bi.__________________________________________

Translate these sentences into bambara.1-She's a tall, dark woman. _____________

2-She and her husband are really good people. ______________

3- They have a blue car. ______________________________

4-They are always happy. _____________________________


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Describe your charming prince/the lady you dream of. Describe a person of your choice. Then, draw him/her respecting your

description.

Make the portrait of the following persons:- The chief of the village or the iman, or the womens or youths leader;- One or more trainers of the pre-service training.

Describe the tastes of two foods and two drinks. One of each that you like andone of each that you don't like. Present your description.

Visit 2 or3 different places in Bamako. For each place, record whether it's a bigor small one, whether there are lots of people there or not. In short, describe eachone of the places visited. Present the results to the class and ask questions on thesubject.

TDATDATDATDA With the help of a family member:

Identify at least two (2) or three (3) child frequent sicknesses in this season.SELF EVALUATIONSELF EVALUATIONSELF EVALUATIONSELF EVALUATION I can:

Name some parts of the body: YES___ NOT YET ___ Describe a person, using both physical and moral aspect: YES__ NOT YET _ Name the main characteristics of an object or a thing: YES__ NOT YET __

Describe a place: YES___ NOT YET ___


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Communicative Task:FARIKOLO LAHALAWDESCRIBING ONES MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATE

Objectives:

1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, five (5) common sicknesses in Maliwithout his/her notes.

2. Each trainee will be able to ask, at least, one accurate question to getinformation about someones physical state without help.

3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to formulate two (2) or three(3) blessings to a sick person.

__Ablo ni Musa bmin?

__Ablo ye jn ye?__Mun bMusa la?

Cultural Notes:

1. We care about sick people and say them blessings. Its very important topay visit to a sick person like a friend, a relative, a colleague or a

neighbour.

2. Usually we dont talk openly about sexual diseases and we talk aboutpregnancy only with women we joke with.

3. Gaining weight is a sign of wealth and health while loosing weight is asign of problems.

4. We generally use natural/traditional medicine before going to the healthcentre.


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IIII---- DIALOGDIALOGDIALOGDIALOG1-

: I ni , Bakari. I nisn man di, mun b'i la?

: N fari man di n na.

: I yrjumn b'i dimi?

: Nin de bn dimi kojugu bi.

: I ye fura ta wa?

: Ayi, n bna taa dgtrso la.

: Ala ka ngyak, k'a ban pewu!

: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min.

: Amiina.

2-

: I ni , Bakari. Munna an mi ye sur?

: N tun man kn.

: Ee! Mun tun bi la?

: N kungolo ye n dimi kojugu kunun wulada.

Suf, n ma se ka sung, n fari btun ka kalan.

: O bsrsumaya ye d?

: N hakili la, a bsro ye. N bna taa dgtrso la.

: I .

: Ti! N bna sange sulen damadinin n ka denbaya ye.

Ola, sumaya ni bana misnw tna an tr.

: Ala ka ngyak, ka trdgya!

: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min.

: Amiina.


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bana Sickness/disease banabagat(banabaat) a sick person

knya (Good)health bolodimi sore-arm kdimi backache

kndimi stomachache kandimi stiffneck dimi sore-eye

indimi toothache sendimi sorefootkungolodimi bx la/na x has a headache

NB: In these expressions it says: sickness is at the person

dimitranslates - ache

kungolo ba dimi x head is aching him/her

Nin bn dimi my tooth is aching me

NB: This means person's part of body is hurting : him/her

MOST COMMON DISEASES:MOST COMMON DISEASES:MOST COMMON DISEASES:MOST COMMON DISEASES:

knboli diarrhea tktkni dysentery sumaya malariamurafariganflu

SgsgbPaul la Mura bTom la Kungolodimi bJohn laPaul has a cough Tom has a cold John has a headache

Kndimi bLucie la Farigan bSarah laLucie has stomachache Sarah has a fever


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n man kn I am sick

i yrjumn b'i dimi? Which part of your body is hurting you?i fan jumn b'i dimi? Which part of your body is hurting you?mun bi la ? What is the matter with you?

kngbx la/na x is hungrysalaya lazyn sgnnen don I am tired

n trlen don I am painedn degunnen don I am sufferingn dusukasilen don I am sad

n nisn ka di I am happy

n nisn diyalen t I am not happyfosi/Foyi tx la x has nothing

SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES:SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES:SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES:SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES:

kng hungry ming thirsty

funteni hot nn cold

DUGAWDUGAWDUGAWDUGAW BLESSINGSBLESSINGSBLESSINGSBLESSINGS

Ala ka ngyak May God grant relief.

Ala k'a trdgya... May the pain lessen.Ala ka sini fisaya ni bi ye May tomorow be better than todayAla k'i segin i yrma May you come back to yourselfAla k'a kjurumu kafari ye May it be a sin expiator.Ala ka dugaw jabi May God answer the blessings


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SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY:SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY:SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY:SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY:

banakis microbebanaba leprosybanakunbn prevention

k

n

yaji oral rehydration waterknyaba(ga)t a healthy persondusukundimi palpitationkumabin migrainesumu dental decaysumuni boiljoli a woundn pus

kankndimi/mimi sorethroatkaba ringworm

fa madnessjawuli scatteredbrainhakiliwuli mental fatigue

x ksalen (don) x is energylessx walakalen (don) x open, extravert

mun ye x sr? what happened to xmun binna/cunna x kan? what struck x?

mun grgrye x sr? what unexpected thing (mishap) happened to xk'i mun to apply an ointmentk'i digidigi to get a massage

k'i wusu to transpire through smoke or vapourk'i furak to cure oneselfka sogolik to get an injection

ka bituru to give an injection(muso) jiginninso maternity

dktr doctor

dktrso hospitalka fura ta to take pillska furakiskunun to take a pillka furaji min to drink (a drinkable)

k'i boloci to get vaccinatedka pikirik to get an injection


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Here are some ways to say that someone is (not) sick.Affirmative form: Negative form:

Part of body + dimi +b+ Pers. +la/na Part of body + dimi +t+ Pers. +la/na

Kungolo dimi bJohn la. Kdimi tSarah la.

Interrogative Form:

Part of body + dimi +b+ Pers. +la(wa)? Part of body + dimi +t+ Pers. +la(wa)?

Kungolo dimi bi lawa? Mura tTom la?

THE IMPERFECT TENSE: Tun bNB: tun b/tun tis the auxiliaryelement for theImperfect tensein Bambara.


Suj + tun b+ obj + Verb Suj + tun t+ obj + Verb

Soso tun bBakari cin su o su. Bakari tun tsange sulen siri.

Kalandenw tun bkalankdon go don. U tun tbaaraksanu ka na Mali la.

Interrogative Form:

Suj + tun b+ obj + Verb (wa)? Suj + tun t+ obj + Verb (wa)?

Soso tun bBakari cin su o su? Bakari tun tsange sulen siri wa?

Kalandenw tun byaala Ameriki ksbwa? U tun tsungjoona suf?

NB: tun ka/tun manis the auxiliaryelement for theImperfect tensewith adjectives in Bambara.


Suj + tun ka+ Adj Suj + tun man+ Adj

A tun kadi It was good/pleasant. A tun mandi.


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Here are some ways to say that someone was sick.Affirmative form: Negative form:

Part of body + dimi +tun b+ Pers. +la/na Part of body + dimi +tun t+ Pers. +la/na

Kungolo dimi tun bJohn la. Kdimi tun tSarah la.

Interrogative Form:

Part of body + dimi +tun b+ Pers. +la (wa)? Part of body + dimi +tun t+ Pers. +la?

Kungolo dimi tunbi la wa? Mura tun tTom la?

THE FUTURE TENSE: bna(b)NB: bna (b)/tna(t) is the auxiliaryelement for theFuture tensein Bambara.


Suj + bna+ obj + Verb Suj + tna+ obj + Verb

Soso bnaBakari cin su o su. Bakari tnasange sulen siri.

Suj + bna+ Verb + Obj Suj + tna+ Verb + Obj

Kalandenw bnakalankdon go don. U tnayaala drn Mali la.

Interrogative Form:

Suj + bna+ obj + Verb (wa)? Suj + tna+ obj + Verb (wa)?

Soso bnaBakari cin su o su? Bakari tna sange sulen siri?

SumayabnaBakari min? Bakari tnaknya sr(wa)?

Suj + bna+ Verb (wa)? Suj + tna+ Verb (wa)?

Kalandenw bnabarokdugumgw fwa? U tnataa Ameriki sisan?

Here are some ways to say that someone will be sick.Affirmative form: Negative form:

Sickness/disease +bna+ Pers. +min Sickness/disease +tna+ Pers. +min

Farigan bnaTom minbarisa mura ba la. Sumaya tnaSarah minbarisa a bfurata.

SumayabnaBakari min.

Interrogative Form:

Sickness/disease +bna+ Pers. +min(wa)? Sickness/disease +tna+ Pers. +min?

Farigan bnaTom minwa? Sumaya tnaSarah min?


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Translate these sentences into bambara.A: Are you sick? ________________?

B: Yes, I am sick. _________________.

A: What do you have? __________________?

B: I have a cold. ______________.

A: Do you need pills? ________________?

B: No, thank you. ___________. I am tired. ____________. I am sleepy. ____________.

A: May the pain lessen. ___________________.

B: Amen. ____________________________.

Refering to the picture make a dialog between Fanta and Ablo

: I ni , Fanta. I nisn man di, mun bden na?

: A fari man da la.

:

:

:

:


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Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary.Tuma min, n_______camanclakli la, n_______ kegun dni.

N_______ marabatiga cimin kalanso kn.

N_______ (neg) taa farikoloanajkyrla tuma b.

Ne ni n teriw_______ taa kalanso kfka sigarti min.N_______ basikti ton na, nka n_______ npogotigininw lajdrn.

N_______ (neg) kalankksbnka n_______ko di karamgye.

N_______ karamgw dmka kalansow labn. O ksn, u hakili la n_______

kalandenuman ye.

Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary.Surn____dakabana sogo k. N____mobili kura dboli la.

N____ ckrnin dye sira kan nf. A_______ ka sira tigfali kan.

Ckrnin___n ye nka a tmn__a ka sira f.

N___ainin ka mobili lajnka a frnw____(neg) sn.N______a fka kule nka n da____(neg) se ka yl.

Mobili______ ka girin. N_______ ckrnin faga wa?

Yrnin kelen, mobili jnsn__.

N___n yr sr, n sigilen dugumakolo kan; mobili walan___n bolo kn.

Ckrnin___n laji na ffoyi___ (neg)k.

A___nininka, E___taa min tan?


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Say how the person in each of these picture is feeling.

1. _______________________________________________________________2. _______________________________________________________________3. _______________________________________________________________4. _______________________________________________________________5. _______________________________________________________________6. _______________________________________________________________7. _______________________________________________________________8. _______________________________________________________________9. _______________________________________________________________10._______________________________________________________________


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Refering to the picture do the following matching:

Treated mosquito net Sange sulen

1 Sange su ji la, a ylma sicaman fa ka ji min miniti 5 kn.

2 I t

g

w ni tasaba ko ku j

ni safin

ye.

3 Sange fnsn sumaman yrla, ka laja.

4 Sani ka damin, ganw don.

5 Ji tni ganw kdingkn, walima u filign kn.

6 I ka sange sulen siri, i ka sungi lakananen.

7 Ji litiri 1 ktasaba kn.

8Bulku kiskji la, a ka yelen.

9 Ji ni bulkuagami.


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TDATDATDATDA With the help of a family member:

Identify at least four (4) activities of a man and five (5) activities of a womanduring day time.


Name some diseases: YES___ NOT YET ___ Describe the state of my health. YES __ NOT YET__ Talk about my mental state. YES __ NOT YET__ Give blessings to a sick person. YES __ NOT YET__


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Communicative Task: DELINAKOWTALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES

Objectives:

1.

Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, four (4) daily activities of a man andfour of a woman according to the different periods of the day without his/her

notes.

2. Each trainee will be able to cite five (5) activities of his/her own byhim/herself.

3. Each trainee will able to cite, at least, five (5) daily or seasonal activitiesaccording to the gender, and the age without assistance.

4. Each trainee will be able to tell his/her daily timetable to his/her host familywithout help.

Nin musow bka mun k?

Aw ka dugu musow bji bkln na don go don wa?Dugu kncw bmun kdon go don?

Cultural Notes:

1. In Mali, people refer to periods of time rather than precise hours.2. Habitual activities are related to places and seasons according to gender

and age.


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IIII---- TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT Musow ka baara dugumisnw kn.

Dugumisnw kn, musow ka baara ka ca. U bwuli kabini fajiri. U bflka ji bkln

na. U btasuma mnka koliji kalaya. U byrw furan ka sro ka daraka tobi. Daraka mana

dun, u bminan ngw ko. U bsusulik, u bfini ngw ko, u bdenw ladon.

Mali dugumisn musow sgnnen!


fajiri dawn (sunrise) selifana around 2 PM.tilegan the heat of the day la(g)ansara around 4 PM.fitiri dusk (sunset) saafo around 8 PM.

grn club kI lafi to restki yalayala to have a walk ka taa foro la to go to the field

ka snk to farm ka so j to build a house

ka te wuli to make tea ka marasi b to play cards.

ka baln tan to play football. ka mnnik to fish.

ka nnnik to swim. k'i nn to swim.

k'inaj to have fun ka soli ka to do something early inthe morning.

ka flka to begin by/with ka laban ka to finish by/then

o k after it/that kainin ka to try to

ka srka then ka tila ka to finish bykabini since fo till.

sani (yani) before, since fl/flfl first/at first/longago/formerlyntnn Monday tarata Tuesdayaraba Wednesday alamisa Thursdayjuma Friday sibiri Saturdaykari/dimasi Sunday don o don/don go don every day

sgma o sgma every morning joona early, quickly


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THE HYPOTHETICAL FUTURE: with manaNB: manais the auxiliary that marks what is called the hypothetical futurein Bambara. It is oftenused like a conditionalsentence with if, when or whenever in English.

Manais always found in a subordinate clause in Bambara.

e.g: , .

, .

Affirmative form:

Subj + mana+ (obj) +Verb + Subj + b(na) + (obj) + Verb

Fanta manadaraka dun, a b(na) minan ngw ko.If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes.

Subj + mana+Verb + Subj + b(na) + (obj) + Verb

Fanta manawuli, a b(na) ji bkln na.If Fanta gets up, she will draw water from the well.

Negative form:

NB: manais not used in the negative form. The negative form is used with ni.

THECONDITIONAL TENSE: with niNB: When the past occurs with niin the firts clause, it is not referring to past action but rather tosomething that will have happened in the future.

Affirmative form:

Ni + Subj + (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + b(na) + (obj) + Verb

NiFanta ye daraka dun, a b(na) minan ngw ko..If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes.

Negative form:

Ni + Subj + ma(obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + t(na) + (obj) + Verb

Ni Fanta maminan ngw ko, a t(na) i lafi.If Fanta does not wash the dishes, she will not take a rest.


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CONTREFACTUAL CONDITIONAL:NB: In contrefactual conditional sentences that involve tunplus the completive in the first clause.The second clause can be compled with the future auxiliary bnaor tnapreceded by tun.

Ni + Subj + tun+ (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + tun bna/tna+ (obj) + Verb

Ni n tun yewari sr, n tun bnamobili sanIf I had gotten money, I would have bought a car.

Ni n tuntaara, an tun tnagn ye.If I had gone, we wouldnt have seen each other.


Arrange the scrambled words in the boxes to form complete sentences1

2

3

4

e.g.: , .

, () .

1 , .2 , .3 , .4 , . 5 , .


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Transform the following sentences into the negative form.e.g.: N bmobili sr, n btaa Bamako.

Ni n ma mobili sr, n ttaa bamako.

1- Baara b

jigin, an b

marasi b

______________________________________________2- N bsoli ka wuli, n bfini ngw ko.________________________________________

3- Fitiri bse, u btaa misiri la._______________________________________________

4- Stage bban, an bnisndiya._____________________________________________

5- An bsurafana dun, an bte wuli.___________________________________________

e.g.: B,

, () .

1 , . 2 , .3 , .4 , . 5 B, .

Complete the following sentences according to the structure of conditional:

1- Fanta mana ji bkln na, a (ka minan ngwko)._____________________________

2- Fanta mana minan ngw ko, a (k'i lafidni).______________________________

3- Fanta man'i lafidni, a (ka taa lgini).__________________________________

4- Fanta ka baara mana ban, a (k'i da ka sung).________________________________

3- Ni "stage" banna, a (ka taa an ka duguw la ).__________________________________

4- Ni Fanta denw ye tilelafana dun, u (ka taa lgini).__________________________

Turn the following sentences into the negative form:1- Ni Fanta ye tasuma mn, a bji kalaya._______________________________________

2- A mana wuli joona, a denw bdaraka dun joona.______________________________

3- N'a banna baara la, a b'i lafidni._________________________________________

4- A mana ltiri sr, a bna nisndiya kosb.____________________________________


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Combine according to the following sentences:e.g.: N bsurafana dun, n btaa dnkyrla.

1- N mana surafana dun, n btaa dnkyrla.

2- Ni n ye surafana dun, n btaa dnkyrla.

1- N bsafinsan, n bfini ko.________________________________________________

2- I btaa so; i b'i ko.________________________________________________________

3- Sanji bna; an b'an lafgwa kr._________________________________________

4- Midi bse, an bkalan dabila.______________________________________________

5- Dugu bj,n bsoli ka taa Bamako._________________________________________

Turn the following sentences into the negative form:e.g.: Ni n wulila joona, n bna soli ka taa Bamako

Ni n ma wuli joona, n tna soli ka taa Bamako.

1-Ni ye wari sr, n bna mobili kura san._____________________________________

2-Ni "Stage" banna, an bna baara damin.____________________________________

3-Ni n somgw nana bn ye, n b nisndiya ksb.____________________________

4-N'aw ye baarak, aw bwari sr.___________________________________________

5-Ni n ye bamanankan mn ksb, an bna baarokgnf._____________________

Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary.Flfl, dugumisnw kn, musow ka baara ___ __ ca. U ___ __ soli ka wuli kabini

fajiri. U ___ _

Bambara Manual 2(1)

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Transcript of Bambara Manual 2(1)