BALKANS AND THE PONTIC STEPPE - Lurkio

Version 2021.01: 1st January 2021 © Simon Hall

Army Lists BALKANS AND THE PONTIC STEPPE Edited by Richard Jeffrey-Cook. Contributions from Simon Hall, Simon Clarke, Nik Gaukroger and Lance Flint. Front image by Simon Clarke.

Contents The lists are divided into three sections, Maximus, Magna and Pacto. Within each section are the following lists:

Early Scythian or Saka 680 to 301 BCE Quadi 166 to 406 CE Thracian Lowland Tribes 680 BCE to 25 CE Early Vandal 166 to 442 CE Paeonian 512 to 265 BCE Tervingi 220 to 376 CE Early Sarmatian 350 BCE to 100 CE Taifali 220 to 380 CE Bosporan 348 BCE to 375 CE Scirii 220 to 493 CE Later Scythian 300 BCE to 50 CE Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth 220 to 497 CE Scordisci 240 BCE to 80 CE Heruli 220 to 508 CE Bastarnae 179 BCE to 300 CE Gepid 220 to 567 CE Dacian or Carpi 82 BCE to 318 CE Hunnic 375 to 454 CE Thraco-Roman 20 BCE to 46 CE Gothic 377 to 419 CE Alan 60 to 650 CE Early Langobard 380 to 488 CE Later Sarmatian 100 to 390 CE


Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists Use the army lists to create your own customised armies using the Mortem et Gloriam Army Builder.

There are few general rules to follow: 1. An army must have at least 2 generals and can have no more than 4. 2. You must take at least the minimum of any troops noted and may not go beyond the maximum of any. 3. No army may have more than two generals who are Talented or better. 4. Unless specified otherwise, all elements in a UG must be classified identically. Unless specified otherwise, if an optional characteristic is

taken, it must be taken by all the elements in the UG for which that optional characteristic is available. 5. Any UGs can be downgraded by one quality grade and/or by one shooting skill representing less strong, tired or understrength troops. If any

bases are downgraded all in the UG must be downgraded. So Average-Experienced skirmishers can always be downgraded to Poor-Unskilled. 6. Points are shown for troops with all mandatory characteristics applied. Points have been rounded to the nearest whole number. If quality or

shooting skill is downgraded, then the points (including the points for any optional characteristics) will need to be adjusted. 7. An army entirely of Cavalry, Chariots, Camelry or Infantry with the Dismounted characteristic may choose the No Camp option.

Where allies are allowed, they must conform to the following rules:

1. They must be a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 UGs. 2. They must take enough UGs to get them to at least 50% of the minimums in the list being used. 3. They can thereafter take any troops up to the maximum to create the rest of the allied contingent. 4. Unless specified in the notes, the general must be the same type as the army commander in the main list but cannot be legendary.

Usually this results in 1-3 UGs being compulsory and you having full flexibility on the rest. Where an internal ally is allowed, and no contingent is specified they must conform to the following rules:

1. They must be a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 UGs. 2. The total number of troops taken of each type in the entire army must not exceed the maxima for that troop type. 3. They must take enough UGs to get them to at least 50% of the minimums in the list if there is enough allowance for a UG after the core army

itself has taken the minimum. For example: An army has 4-12 cavalry (UG size 4,6) and 18-32 spearmen (UG size 6,8,9) as compulsory troops with 2 internal allies. The core army must take 4 cavalry and at least 18 spearmen. The first ally must take 4 cavalry and at least 9 spearmen. The second ally must take 4 cavalry but cannot take the 9 spearmen as this would exceed the 32 spearmen limit for the army.

4. They can thereafter take any troops up to the maximum to create the rest of the allied contingent. Usually this results in 1-3 UGs being compulsory and you having full flexibility on the rest.


Poor quality TuGs in Pacto must start with 2 or 3 elements. TuGs downgraded from Average quality must start with 2 elements, except where they are already allowed 3 elements. Poor quality SuGs or Average quality downgraded to Poor may start with 1, 2 or 3 elements. As a courtesy to your opponent, when you deploy your troops you should describe it fully; type, training, quality, protection, melee weaponry, shooting skill and weaponry, characteristics, and which ally if appropriate. You should also explain how any unusual troop types in your army function and any special rules including Stakes, Caltrops, Barricades and Obstacles and troop types such as Battle Wagons.

Friendly and Scenario Games Feel free to vary the troop classifications for friendly and scenario games. An interesting aspect of scenario games can be to see what the effect is from representing troops in a different manner.


Historical Introduction The Pontic-Caspian or Ukrainian steppe is a vast grassland extending from Moldova and western Ukraine to western Kazakhstan. At the start of our period it was dominated by the Scythians. Gradually the Sarmatians displaced the Scythians such that by the 1st century CE the Scythians ruled a kingdom extending from the lower Dneiper to the Crimea.

The Sarmatians were at their most powerful around the 1st century CE. Their dominance of the western Pontic steppe was broken by the Germanic Goths. With the Hunnic invasions of the 4th century CE many Sarmatians joined the Goths and other Germanic tribes in the settlement of the Western Roman Empire. A related people to the Sarmatians known as the Alans survived in the North Caucasus.

The Balkans north of Greece and Macedon was dominated by the Dardanians, Paeonians and Thracians. The Celts moved south leading to the Galatian invasion of Macedonia in 281 BCE. In the aftermath of the invasion a new tribal confederation, the Scordisci emerges. At around the same time the Bastarnae emerge in the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dneiper.

South of the Danube, the Thracian kingdoms survived. By 212 BCE an Odrysian king, Pleuratus, destroyed the Celtic kingdom of Tylis that had dominated Thrace after the Galatian invasions. In 146 BCE the Romans established the province of Macedonia. Over the next 200 years the Romans would expand until the frontier was the river Danube. Under Trajan the Roman empire would reach its greatest extent with the conquest of Dacia.

Sometime around the 1st century CE Germanic peoples migrated from the Baltic Sea through present-day Poland. Upon arriving on the Pontic Steppe, the tribes started to adopt the ways of the Sarmatians and other nomads. Around 160 CE these movements led to the Marcomannic Wars along the whole length of the river Danube. It led to an invasion of Italy but by 171 CE the invaders had been evicted from Roman territory.

The first incursion of the Roman empire that can be attributed directly to the Goths occurred in 238 CE. Between 255 and 275 A.D the Goths carried out major raids around the Black Sea. In 267CE the Heruls sacked Byzantium and invaded Greece through the pass at Thermopylae.

Around 370 CE the Goths came under pressure from the Huns. In 376 CE Fritigern appealed to the Roman emperor Valens to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube. A famine broke out and Rome was unwilling to supply them with the food they were promised, nor the land and open revolt ensued. The subsequent defeat of the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 CE weakened the Roman empire. the Visigoths, a group derived either from the Tervingi or from a fusion of mainly Gothic groups, eventually invaded Italy and sacked Rome in 410 CE, before settling in Gaul. They were followed into Roman territory by a confederation of Herulian, Rugian, and Scirian warriors, under Odoacer, that deposed Romulus Augustulus on 4 September 476 CE.

Version 2021.01: 1st January 2021 MAXIMUS © Simon Hall

Maximus Army Lists Calculating points Army points are calculated as follows:

Generals - Maximus

Type of generalArmy Commander Sub-general Ally general

Professional Instinctive Professional Instinctive Professional Instinctive Legendary 1600 1400 n/a n/a 800 700

Talented 1150 900 850 700 650 600 Competent 700 550 600 450 300 250

Mediocre 400 250 400 250 100 50

Camps Type of camp Poor Average Superior

Unfortified 126 210 294 A flexible camp is deployed as a fortified camp when defending and a mobile camp when invading. No camp deploys a poor mobile camp when defending and no camp at all when invading.

Fortified 288 480 672 Flexible 252 420 588 Mobile 198 330 462

No camp 486 N/A N/A

UGs For each UG multiply the cost shown in the list (adjusting for any optional characteristics) by the number of bases.

Notes 1. Points values for skirmishers in Magna and Pacto are greater than in Maximus as SuGs shoot at full effect with only two ranks. 2. For further details on how points are calculated visit the Mortem et Gloriam website.

Army Commander 1 Dates

Sub-Generals 1-3 Terrain

Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Superior Experienced 0Protected Bow 12Average Experienced 12

Unprotected Bow 48Average Skilled

Unprotected Bow Up to halfPoor Experienced 0

Unprotected Bow 36Poor Unskilled 0

Protected Javelin 18

Average Experienced Unprotected Bow All or none

Average Experienced =Unprotected Bow =

Average Experienced 0Unprotected Bow 12


Upgrade skirmishing horse archers

CAVALRY- Cantabrian 73 Combat Shy (-4) 4,6

Skirmisher

Tribal Loose

-----

Skirmishing horse archersCAVALRY

- - 57 Combat Shy (-4) 4,6Skirmisher

Tribal Flexible

Rear rank sparabaraINFANTRY

- Pavise 56

6,8,9Tribal Loose

Replace foot archers and spearmen with sparabara

Front rank sparabaraINFANTRY

- Pavise 62 - 6,8

Foot spearmenINFANTRY

Short Spear - 37 -

-

4,6Formed Flexible

Foot archersINFANTRY

- - 35 Combat Shy (-8) 6,8Tribal Loose

Upgrade horse archersCAVALRY

- - 129 -

4,6Formed Loose

Horse archersCAVALRY

- - 94 - 4,6Formed Flexible

Nobles and followersCAVALRY

- - 147 Melee Expert (32)

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry Melee Weaponry UG Size

Training and

Formation

Early Scythian or SakaAny Instinctive 680 BCE to 301 BCE

Any Instinctive Plains

Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Version 2021.01: 1st Janaury 2021 MAXIMUS © Simon Hall

Early Scythian or SakaPoor Experienced 0

Unprotected Bow 18Poor Experienced 0

Unprotected Sling 9

Historical EnemiesLater Vedic Indian; Early Iranian; Cimmerian; Urartian; Median Empire; Early Scythian or Saka; Thracian Lowland Tribes; Early Sarmatian; Bosporan; Alexandrian Macedonian; Alexandrian Expeditionary; Thraco-Macedonian; Achaemenid Persian - Satrapal Army; Later Achaemenid Persian; Asiatic Greek; Asiatic Successor

Changes from last versionRegarded sparabara.

Notes This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesThe Scythians dislodged the Cimmerians from power on the Pontic steppe. In the west they are generally known as Scythians whilst in the east they are known as Saka. Around 650 to 630 BCE they dominated the Median empire. They defeated an Achaemenid Persian invasion ordered by Darius I. The western Scythians were defeated in 335 BCE by Alexander the Great and gradually became dominated by the Sarmatians. Alexander met eastern Scythians during his conquest of Bactria and defeated them by the Jaxartes in 329 BCE.

Troop NotesThe Scythians were renowned for their light horse archers, who were supported by separate bodies of better armed noble led cavalry. Most armies were all cavalry, relying on their mobility, but on occasions the Scythians could field considerable numbers of infantry.

SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 27 - 6,9Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY





0-3 Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Superior Unskilled 4Protected Javelin 12Average Experienced 0

Unprotected Bow 12Average Unskilled 4

Protected Javelin 12Average Unskilled 18

Protected Javelin 108Average Experienced 0

Unprotected Javelin 24Average Experienced 0

Unprotected Bow 12Average Experienced

Unprotected Bow All or noneAverage Experienced 0


Unprotected Bow 18Average Experienced 0

Unprotected Sling 9

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

Thracian Lowland TribesAny Instinctive 680 BCE to 25 CE

Any Instinctive Standard, Coastal

Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified; Poor or Average

4,6Formed Loose



Best cavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 131 Shoot & Charge (14)

4,6Formed Loose

Warriors with spears and javelins

INFANTRYShort Spear - 60 Shoot & Charge (6) 6,8,9

Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


4,6Skirmisher



Light horse with javelinsCAVALRY

- - 47Cantabrian (16), Combat Shy (-4)

4,6Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY

- - 29 Shoot & Charge (6) 6,9Skirmisher


- Cantabrian 73 Combat Shy (-4)

6,9Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 40 -

AlliesGreek mercenary allies - Mercenary Greek (from 400 to 399 BCE and 386 to 357 BCE)Bastarnae allies (from 62 to 60 BCE)Thracian highland allies - Thracian Hill Tribes (up to 3 contingents)


Thracian Lowland Tribes

Changes from last versionNone.

Historical NotesDivided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not form any lasting political organizations until the founding of the Odrysian state in the 4th century BCE. The Odrysians (Odrysae or Odrusai) were one of the most powerful Thracian tribes that dwelled in the plain of the Hebrus river.The Getae were several Thracian tribes inhabiting the regions to either side of the Lower Danube. From the 7th century BCE onwards, the Getae came into economic and cultural contact with the Greeks, who were establishing colonies on the western side of Pontus Euxinus, nowadays the Black Sea. Between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE, the Getae were mostly under the rule of the flourishing Odrysian kingdom. In 313 BCE, the Getae formed an alliance with Callatis, Odessos, and other western Pontic Greek colonies against Lysimachus. In 72 to 71 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus became the first Roman commander to march against the Getae. This was done to strike at the western Pontic allies of Mithridates VI, but he had limited success. A decade later, a coalition of Scythians, Getae, Bastarnae and Greek colonists defeated C. Antonius Hybrida at Histria. Augustus aimed at subjugating the entire Balkan peninsula, and used an incursion of the Bastarnae across the Danube as a pretext to devastate the Getae and Thracians. He put Marcus Licinius Crassus in charge of the plan. In 29 BCE, Crassus defeated the Bastarnae with the help of the Getic prince Rholes. After Crassus had reached as far the Danube Delta, Rholes was appointed king . In 16 BCE, the Sarmatae invaded the Getic territory and were driven back by Roman troops. The Getae were placed under the control of the Roman vassal king in Thrace, Rhoemetalces I. In 6 CE, the province of Moesia was founded, incorporating the Getae south of the Danube River. The Getae north of the Danube continued tribal autonomy outside the Roman Empire.

Troop NotesThracian armies were essentially made up of cavalry, warriors, javelinmen and archers. The Getae fought as horse archers. The Odrysian king in 171 BCE had 1,000 elite cavalry, probably royal bodyguards, nobles and followers.Infantry adopted the thureos before the Greeks did, probably from contact with either the Celts or Illyrians.Light armed javelin units were attached to the cavalry.

Historical EnemiesCimmerian; Early Scythian or Saka; Thracian Lowland Tribes; Paeonian; Early Sarmatian; Scordisci; Bastarnae; Dacian or Carpi; Classical Greek; Thracian Hill Tribes; Illyrian; Alexandrian Macedonian; Macedonian Successor; Thraco-Macedonian; Later Macedonian; Mid Republican Roman; Later Republican Roman; Early Imperial Roman; Achaemenid Persian - Satrapal Army

NotesThis list would cover tribes such as the Odrysae and Getae.Hill tribes may be taken with another external ally.




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Superior Experienced 0Protected Javelin 8Superior Experienced 0Protected Javelin 18Average Experienced 18



Unprotected Javelin 48Average Experienced

Protected Javelin Up to halfAverage Experienced 0


Unprotected Sling 9

UG Size

Training and

Formation

PaeonianAny Instinctive 512 BCE to 265 BCE

Any Instinctive Mountains


-

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry Melee Weaponry

-

6,8Tribal Loose

Best warriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 86 - 6Tribal Loose

HypaspistsINFANTRY

Short Spear Melee Expert 109

Shoot & Charge (6)

6,8,9Tribal Loose

Light horseCAVALRY


4,6Skirmisher

WarriorsINFANTRY

- - 56

-

6,9Skirmisher

Upgrade javelinmenINFANTRY

- - 35Melee Expert (10),

Shoot & Charge (7)

Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY

- - 29

6,9Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 40

AlliesIllyrian alliesMacedonian allies - Macedonian Successor (only in 310 BCE)

NotesA command may not have more than one TUG of best warriors.Only one external ally may be chosen.


PaeonianHistorical Notes

None.

Paeonia lay to the north of Macedonia and consisted of a number of tribes, most notably the Agrianes who fought in Alexander the Greats campaigns. The Paeonians were forced to submit to the Persians by Darius I but then coalesced into a kingdom that in 360 BCE was raiding Macedonian territory in support of an Illyrian invasion. The Paeonians were reduced by Philip II of Macedon to a subordiante status. In 310 BCE the Paeonian king Audoleon co-operated in a preventative attack against the Autariatae. The kingdom gradually became hellenized and absorbed into Macedonia.

Troop NotesThe Paeonian tribes included the Agrianians who were renowned for their javelinmen.

Historical EnemiesThracian Lowland Tribes; Thracian Hill Tribes; Early Macedonian; Illyrian; Alexandrian Macedonian; Thraco-Macedonian; Later Macedonian; Achaemenid Persian - Royal Army; Achaemenid Persian - Satrapal Army; Galatian

Changes from last version




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 8Protected - 54Average Unskilled

Protected Bow AnySuperior - Protected - Up to half

Superior Unskilled 8Protected Bow 40Average - 0

Protected - 12

Poor Experienced 0Unprotected Bow 24

Poor Unskilled 0Protected Javelin 9Average Experienced 0


Unprotected Bow All or nonePoor Experienced 0

Unprotected Bow 18

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

Early SarmatianAny Instinctive 350 BCE to 100 CE


Internal Allied Generals Mobile or Flexible; Poor or Average

Siracae or Iazyges only

Siracae or Iazyges lancersCAVALRY

Charging Lancer - 105 Melee Expert (23) 4,6Formed Loose

4,6Formed Loose

Upgrade Siracae or Iazyges lancers

CAVALRYCharging Lancer - 147 - 4,6

Formed Loose

Regrade Siracae or Iazyges lancers

CAVALRYCharging Lancer - 119 -

Rhoxolani only

Rhoxolani cavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 140 Shoot & Charge (14) 4,6Formed Loose

Tribal Loose

JavelinmenINFANTRY

Short Spear - 37

4,6Formed Loose

------


- - 35 Combat Shy (-8) 6,8

Rhoxolani lancersCAVALRY

Charging Lancer - 105 Melee Expert (23)

Skirmisher


- Cantabrian 73

- 6,8,9Tribal Loose


- - 57 Combat Shy (-4) 4,6

Skirmisher

Combat Shy (-4) 4,6Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 32 - 6,9


Early SarmatianPoor Experienced 0

Unprotected Sling 18Poor Experienced 0

Unprotected Javelin 18

SlingersINFANTRY


JavelinmenINFANTRY



Historical NotesThe Sarmatians were a group of tribes who came to dominate the Pontic steppe from the mid 4th century BCE onwards. At their greatest extent they ruled from the river Volga to the Danube and the Hungarian plain.

Troop NotesLike all Nomads, the Sarmatians relied heavily on cavalry. The Siracae were semi-nomadic with hill forts. The Rhoxolani seem to have made more the use of the bow longer than the other Sarmatian tribes whose nobles appear to have relied more on the lance.

Historical EnemiesEarly Scythian or Saka; Thracian Lowland Tribes; Early Sarmatian; Bosporan; Later Scythian; Bastarnae; Dacian or Carpi; Thraco-Roman; Alan; Early Imperial Roman; Asiatic Greek; Armenian; Pontic

Skirmisher

AlliesScythian allies - Early Scythian or Saka (from 350 to 301 BCE)Scythian allies - Later Scythian (from 300 BCE to 50 CE)

NotesAn army must be either of the Siracae, Iazyges or Rhoxolani. Only options belonging to one tribe may be used.




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max


Protected Bow AnySuperior - Protected - Up to halfAverage Experienced 6

Unprotected Bow 30Poor - 0

Protected - 18Poor Experienced 0

Protected Javelin 18Average - 0

Protected - 18Average - 0


Protected - 9Average Experienced 0



Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

BosporanAny Instinctive 348 BCE to 375 CE

Any Instinctive Plains, Coastal


4,6Formed Loose

Regrade lancersCAVALRY

Charging Lancer - 119 - 4,6Formed Loose

LancersCAVALRY


4,6Formed Loose



Upgrade lancersCAVALRY

Charging Lancer - 147 -

6,8,9Formed Close

City militia (from 42 CE)INFANTRY

Short Spear - 50 - 6,8,9Formed Close

City militia (before 42 CE)INFANTRY

Long Spear Shove 57 Orb (1)

6,8Drilled Close

Thracian mercenaries (before 11 CE)

INFANTRY- Devastating Chargers 70 Melee Expert (16) 6,8,9

Formed Loose

Greek mercenaries (before 11 CE)

INFANTRYLong Spear Shove 99 Orb (2)

6,8,9Formed Close



Celtic mercenaries (from 108 BCE to 10 CE)

INFANTRY- Devastating Chargers 75 -

6,8,9Tribal Loose

SpearmenINFANTRY

Short Spear - 60 -


BosporanAverage Experienced 0








4,6Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY



CAVALRY- Cantabrian 73 Combat Shy (-4)

6,9Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 27 -

Historical EnemiesEarly Scythian or Saka; Early Sarmatian; Later Scythian; Alan; Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Hunnic; Later Republican Roman; Asiatic Greek; Pontic


AlliesSiracae allies - Early Sarmatian (before 10 BCE)

Historical NotesThe Bosporan Kingdom was located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus (modern day Strait of Kerch). The prosperity of the Kingdom was based upon the export of wheat, fish and slaves. A number of Greek cities were located on the coast.The kingdom was ruled by the Spartocid dynasty until c 110 BCE. The last Spartocid king faced increasingly severe attacks from the Scythians and Sarmatians and called in the help of Diophantus, general of Mithridates VI of Pontus. The Bosporan kingdom became a client of Pontus. Pharnaces, the youngest son of Mithridates, rebelled against his father and acquired the kingdom on the death of Mithridates. He then supplicated to Pompey but was defeated by Julius Ceasar at Zela in 47 BCE when he tried to acquire Pontus.The Bosporan Kingdom then became a client state of the Roman empire. From the mid-3rd century the kingdom came under increasing pressure from the Goths and declined rapidly in the mid-4th century.

Troop NotesThe Bosporan kingdom was influenced by Greek and later Roman fighting styles but adapted to the threat of mobile armies from the steppes.




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 0Protected - 12Superior - Protected - Up to halfAverage Experienced 12








Unprotected Sling 9

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

Later ScythianAny Instinctive 300 BCE to 50 CE



4,6Formed Loose

Upgrade nobles and followers


Formed Loose



4,6Formed Flexible




- - 94 -

6,8Tribal Loose


Short Spear - 37 - 6,8,9Tribal Loose


- - 35 Combat Shy (-8)

4,6Skirmisher



Skirmisher



6,9Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 32 -

AlliesRoxolani allies - Early Sarmatian (from 108 to 106 BCE)

NotesThis army may use Feigned Flight.


Later Scythian

Troop NotesThe later Scythian nobles appear to have adopted the lance like their Sarmatian neighbours. The horse archers remained the predominant troop type.

Historical EnemiesEarly Sarmatian; Bosporan; Pontic


Historical NotesOn the Pontic steppe the Scythians were dominated by the rise of the Sarmatians. By the 1st century CE the Crimean Scythians had created a new kingdom extending from the lower Dnieper to the Crimea. Palacus was the last Scythian king whose name is attested in classical sources. He succeeded his father Skilurus who died fighting Pontic forces. He enlisted the aid of the Roxolani. He was defeated by Pontic forces under Diophantus. The capital city, Neapolis, was destroyed by the Goths in the mid-3rd century CE.




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average Unskilled 6Protected Javelin 24Average - 20

Protected - 120Superior - 0Protected - 18Average Experienced 0



Unprotected Sling 6

UG Size

Training and

Formation

ScordisciAny Instinctive 240 BCE to 80 CE

Any Instinctive Standard, Forest

Internal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4,6Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

-Devastating

Chargers70 - 6,8,9

Tribal Flexible

CavalryCAVALRY


6Tribal Flexible

JavelinmenINFANTRY



-Devastating

Chargers98 -

6Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 35 - 6Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 40 -

Historical EnemiesThracian Lowland Tribes; Dacian or Carpi; Early German; Thracian Hill Tribes; Illyrian; Mid Republican Roman; Later Republican Roman


NotesA command may not have more than one TUG of best warriors.

Historical NotesThe Scordisci were a Celtic tribe that occupied Moesia and lands between Thrace, Illyria and Dacia. They were a threat to the Roman province of Macedonia during the 1st century BCE.

Troop NotesThe Scordisci were a Celtic tribe and fought in a similar style to the Gauls.




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average Unskilled 0Protected Javelin 12Superior - 0Protected - 18Superior - Protected - AnyAverage - 18





UG Size

Training and

Formation

BastarnaeAny Instinctive 179 BCE to 300 CE



Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4,6Formed Loose

Nobles and followersINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 98 - 6Tribal Flexible

CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 95Melee Expert (23),

Shoot & Charge (10)

Tribal Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 70 - 6,8,9Tribal Flexible

Upgrade nobles and followers with falx

INFANTRY- Devastating Chargers 84 Melee Expert (22)

6,8,9Tribal Loose

ArchersINFANTRY


Warriors with falxINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 60 Melee Expert (16)

A command may not have more than one UG of nobles and followers.

JavelinmenINFANTRY


AlliesRoxolani allies - Later Sarmatian (161 to 180 CE)

Notes


Bastarnae


Historical NotesThe Bastarnae inhabited the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper between 200 BCE and 300 CE They were probably a Germanic tribe but were influenced by the Celts, Scythians and Sarmatians. The Bastarnae first came into conflict with the Romans in the 1st century BCE when they were allied with the Dacians and Sarmatians. In the late 2nd century and mid-3rd century CE they contributed to invasions of Roman territory in the Balkans. In the late 3rd century many Bastarnae were resettled in Moesia. In 299 CE the emperor Diocletian defeated a coalition of Bastarnae and Carpi. They then disappear from the historical record, probably being assimilated by the Goths.

Troop NotesThe Bastarnae appear to have influenced or been influenced by Celtic, German and Thracian styles of fighting.

Historical EnemiesThracian Lowland Tribes; Early Sarmatian; Dacian or Carpi; Later Sarmatian; Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Illyrian; Early Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Superior - 0Protected - 12Average - 0

Protected - 18Average Unskilled 24






UG Size

Training and

Formation

Dacian or CarpiAny Instinctive 82 BCE to 318 CE

Any Instinctive Mountains, Forest


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


6Tribal Loose


- Devastating Chargers 60 Melee Expert (16) 6,8,9Tribal Loose

Nobles and followers with falx


WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 60


- - 48Tribal Loose

- 47Cantabrian (16), Combat Shy (-4)

6,8,9Tribal Loose

Combat Shy (-14) 6,8

Shoot & Charge (6)

Iazygae allies -Later Sarmatian (from 100 to 107 CE)

NotesA command may not have more than one UG of nobles and followers.Only one external ally may be chosen.After 318 CE this army may only be taken as an ally.

4,6Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


CavalryCAVALRY

-

Iazygae allies -Early Sarmatian (from 60 to 99 CE)

JavelinmenINFANTRY


AlliesScordisci allies (from 60 to 15 BCE)Bastarnae allies (from 60 to 107 CE)


Dacian or Carpi


Historical NotesThe Dacians lived in and around the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are believed to have been related to the Thracians but also received Celtic and Sarmatian influences. The Dacian kingdom reached its maximum extent under king Burebista (ruled 82 to 44 BCE). After his death the kingdom disintegrated. The Roman advances in the Balkans and the incorporation of Moesia into a Roman province by Augustus led the Dacians into conflict with Rome. In 86 CE the Dacians attacked Roman troops leading to the Emperor Domitian conducting an inconclusive campaign against them. Trajan fought two wars against the Dacians (101 to 106 CE) resulting in large parts being incorporated into a new Roman province of Dacia. The remaining areas were controlled by the Carpi who were probably a Dacian tribe. By 238 CE the Carpi emerge as a major threat to Roman borders and between 250 and 270 CE launched a series of invasions. The Romans in turn inflicted multiple defeats on the Carpi between 273 and 317 CE. Many Carpi were forcibly relocated to Pannonia. The Carpodacae, "Carpi from Dacia" apparently survived on the borders of the empire and are mentioned being defeated by the Emperor Theodosius along with the Scirii and Huns.

The Dacians and Carpi may have been influenced by both Thracian and Bastarnae styles of fighting.

Historical EnemiesThracian Lowland Tribes; Early Sarmatian; Scordisci; Bastarnae; Thraco-Roman; Tervingi; Illyrian; Later Republican Roman; Early Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman

Troop Notes




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max











Unprotected Sling 9

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

Thraco-RomanAny Instinctive 20 BCE to 46 CE


Internal Allied Generals Unforitified; Poor or Average

4,6Formed Loose



Best cavalryCAVALRY


4,6Formed Loose


INFANTRYShort Spear - 60 Shoot & Charge (6) 6,8,9

Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


6,8Formed Flexible



4,6Skirmisher

Upgrade warriors with Roman equipment

INFANTRYShort Spear - 80

Melee Expert (16), Shoot & Charge (6)

4,6Skirmisher



Skirmisher



6,9Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


JavelinmenINFANTRY

- - 29 Shoot & Charge (6)

6,9Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 35 -


Thraco-Roman

None.

The Odrysian kingdom of Thrace became a Roman client kingdom around 12 BCE under the rule of Rhoemetalces I. He trained some of his warriors to fight in the Roman fashion. Thrace remained a Roman client kingdom until incorporated into the Roman empire as a province in 46 CE.

Troop NotesThe Odrysian army was little changed except for troops trained to fight in the Roman fashion.

Historical EnemiesEarly Sarmatian; Dacian or Carpi; Thracian Hill Tribes


AlliesRoman allies - Early Imperial RomanThracian allies - Thracian Hill Tribes (to 25 CE)

Historical Notes




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Unprotected Bow 18

UG Size

Training and

Formation

AlanAny Instinctive 60 CE to 650 CE


Internal Allied Generals Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4,6Formed Loose


Charging Lancer - 147 - Formed Loose

LancersCAVALRY


4,6Skirmisher


- Cantabrian 73 Combat Shy (-4) 4,6Skirmisher



6,9Skirmisher

Historical NotesThe Alans (or Alani) are first mentioned invading Parthia in c 61 CE. By the early 2nd century CE the Alans were in firm control of lands around the Lower Volga and Kuban rivers. These lands had earlier been occupied by the Aorsi and the Siraces, whom the Alans apparently absorbed, dispersed and/or destroyed, since they were no longer mentioned in contemporaneous accounts. In 135 CE, the Alans made a huge raid into Asia Minor via the Caucasus, ravaging Media and Armenia. They were eventually driven back by Arrian, the governor of Cappadocia, who wrote a detailed report ('War Against the Alans') that is a major source for studying Roman military tactics. Between 215 and 250 CE, the Germanic Goths expanded south-eastwards and broke the Alan dominance on the Pontic Steppe. Around 370 CE the Huns attacked the Alans. Some Alans accompanied the Huns in their westward expansion. Other Alan groups fought with the Goths. The Alans subsequently split into various groups, some joining the Vandals and the Suebi in their invasion of Roman Gaul. Yet other Alans remained in their original area of settlement north of the Caucasus.

Troop NotesThe Alans fought like other Sarmatian tribes. Arrian assumes that all Alans will charge.

ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 32 -


AlanHistorical EnemiesEarly Sarmatian; Bosporan; Later Sarmatian; Early Vandal; Tervingi; Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Hunnic; Early Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman; Parthian; Early Sassanid Persian; Middle Sassanid Persian; Armenian; Sabir; Sassanid Persian; Daylamite; Avar; Early Bulgar; Early Khazar





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Unprotected Bow 18

UG Size

Training and

Formation

Later SarmatianAny Instinctive 100 CE to 390 CE



Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4,6Formed Loose



LancersCAVALRY


Formed Loose





4,6Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY




AlliesAlan allies (only Rhoxolani)Taifali allies (Iazyges in 358 CE)Quadi allies (Iazyges from 373 to 375 CE)

Historical NotesThe Sarmatians remained dominant on the Pontic Steppe until the Gothic ascendancy in the Black Sea area. The Goths were amongst a significant migration by Germanic tribes of Scandinavian origin in the mid-2nd century CE. In 332 CE Constantine helped the Sarmatians to settle on the north banks of the Danube to defend against the Goths' attacks. In the 4th and 5th centuries, the Huns expanded and conquered both the Sarmatians and the Germanic tribes living between the Black Sea and the borders of the Roman Empire.

Troop NotesAlthough carrying a weak bow, Sarmatian cavalry depended on their formidable charge with a heavy lance, the kontos (“barge pole”).


Later Sarmatian

None.

Historical EnemiesBastarnae; Alan; Later Sarmatian; Tervingi; Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Limigantes; Early Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman; Armenian





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 0Protected - 12Superior - Protected - AnyAverage - 0






Historical NotesThe Quadi were a Suebian Germanic tribe who lived approximately in the area of modern Moravia in the time of the Roman empire. In the 4th century, the emperor Valentinianus spent much of his reign defending the Rhine frontier against a mixed horde of Sarmatians, Goths, and Quadi.

Troop NotesThe Quadi accepted Sarmatian exiles. Some Quadi may have fought with the kontos.

Historical EnemiesEarly Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman

6,9Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


Skirmishing archersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 40 -

4,6Formed Loose

Foot warriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear Devastating Chargers 77 - 6,8,9Tribal Flexible

Sarmatian exile cavalryCAVALRY


4,6Formed Loose

Regrade cavalryCAVALRY

- Devastating Chargers 131 Melee Expert (32) 4,6Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90 Melee Expert (23)

UG Size

Training and

Formation

QuadiAny Instinctive 166 CE to 406 CE


Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 0Protected - 8Superior - 0Protected - 6Average - 30




Historical NotesThis list covers the Asding and Siling Vandals from their first appearance until Gaiseric’s consolidation of their African conquests. During this time, they crossed the Rhine into Gaul in 406 CE. They continued on across the Pyrenees into Spain in 409 CE. The Siling Vandal state in Spain was destroyed in 416 CE by the Visigoths on behalf of Rome. The Asding Vandals and an Alan remnant crossed to Africa in 428 CE, capturing Carthage in 439 CE.

AlliesGepid allies (only in 291 CE)Alan allies (from 406 to 420 CE)Moorish allies - Later Moorish (from 428 CE)


4,6Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


Remnant Alans (from 428 CE)

CAVALRY- - 57 Combat Shy (-4)

6,8,9Tribal Close

Best foot warriorsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 91 - 6Tribal Close

WarriorsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 65 -

4,6Formed Loose

Upgrade cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

Early VandalAny Instinctive 166 CE to 442 CE


Internal Allied Generals Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average


Early Vandal


Troop NotesUnlike later in Africa, the Vandals at this time fought almost exclusively on foot.

Historical EnemiesAlan; Tervingi; Hunnic; Early Franks; Suevi; Early Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman; Foederate Roman; Tolosan Visigoth




0-2 Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 0Protected - 12Superior - 0Protected - 6Superior Unskilled 0Protected Javelin 18Average Unskilled 18





UG Size

Training and

Formation

TervingiAny Instinctive 220 CE to 376 CE


Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4,6Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


6Tribal Flexible

WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 70 Shoot & Charge (6) 6,8,9Tribal Flexible



6,8Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

Carpi allies - Dacian or Carpi (from 253 CE)

JavelinmenINFANTRY


AlliesGepid allies (from 253 to 290 CE)Taifali allies (from 253 CE)



Tervingi

Historical EnemiesDacian or Carpi; Alan; Later Sarmatian; Early Vandal; Tervingi; Taifali; Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Gepid; Burgundi; Early Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman


Historical NotesThis list covers the Tervingi “men of the forest” from their arrival on the Dniester. There were two main Gothic groups, the Tervingi in the west and the Greuthingi in the east. Both groups raided Roman territory during the chaos of the 3rd century. During the 4th century they defeated the Vandals and expanded westward at the expense of the Sarmatians in the middle Danube.In the summer of 376 CE, a large number of Goths arrived on the Danube River, requesting asylum from the Huns. The Goths were admitted but so many people in so small an area caused a food shortage. Led by Fritigern they defeated a Roman army at Marcianople. Roman troops of Gothic origin joined the revolt as did Gothic slaves, Roman prisoners and Roman slaves. This new force has its own Gothic list.

Troop NotesThe Tervingi may have differed from the Greuthing by fighting mostly as infantry with javelins and swords.




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 12Protected - 36Superior - 0Protected - 18Superior - Protected - Up to halfAverage Experienced 12


Unprotected Bow 18

Remant Italian forces - Later Foederate Roman (from 470 to 493 CE)

NotesCapodacae and Hunnic allies must be taken together. Suevi and Gepid allies must be taken together. Herul, Rugii and remant Italian allies may be used together.At least half the TuGs in an Italian ally must be downgraded to Poor. None may be upgraded to Superior.

Suevi allies (only in 469 CE)



AlliesCarpodacae allies - Dacian or Carpi (only in 380 CE)Hunnic allies (only in 380 CE)

Gepid allies (only in 469 CE)Heruli allies (from 470 to 493 CE)Rugii allies (from 470 to 493 CE)

4,6Formed Loose

ArchersINFANTRY


Upgrade best cavalryCAVALRY


4,6Formed Loose

- 4,6

Melee Expert (23)

Best cavalryCAVALRY

- Devastating Chargers 131Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90

UG Size

Training and

Formation

SciriiAny Instinctive 220 CE to 493 CE

Any Instinctive Plains, Standard


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill



Scirii


Historical NotesThe Scirii or Sciri were neighbours of the Ostrogoths and Heruli. Their origins and movements are obscure. In around 380 Zosimus records a coalition of Huns, Scirii and Carpodacae invaded over the Danube. The Scirii then appear as subjects of the Huns and fought for Atilla. They regained independence when the Hunnic empire collapsed. In 469 they formed an alliance with the Gepids and Suevi against the Ostrogoths. Odoacer, who deposed the last western Roman emperor, may have been a Scirian. From around 470 CE he commanded a group of Germanic foederatii including Heruls and Rugii. After the murder of Odoacer by Theodoric, the Scirii following Odoacer appear to have been subjugated.

Troop NotesThe Scirii are assumed to fight in a similar fashion to the Heruli and Ostrogoths.

Historical EnemiesGreuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Hunnic; Rugii; Early Imperial Roman; Imperial Roman; Later Foederate Roman; Langobard




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max



Unprotected Bow 18

Tervingi; Gepid; Hunnic; Imperial Roman


6,9Skirmisher

NotesThis army may be taken as an ally after 380 CE.

Historical NotesOne of the earliest mentions of the Taifali puts them in the following of the Gothic king Cniva around 250 CE. A group of Taifali were defeated by Constantine the Great in 328 CE. By 358 CE the Taifali were independent foederati of Rome. Some Taifali allied with the Huns as early as 378 CE and Taifali fought for Atilla in 451 CE. Other Taifali remained with the Visigoths and fought against the Huns in 451 CE. Taifali were absorbed into the Merovingian Frankish empire.


- Combat Shy 40 -

Troop NotesThe Taifali were associated with the Goths, but apparently were mainly cavalry.

Historical Enemies

4,6Formed Loose

ArchersINFANTRY




4,6Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY

- Devastating Chargers 131 - 4,6Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear -


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

TaifaliAny Instinctive 220 CE to 380 CE


Melee Weaponry

90 Melee Expert (23)

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 12Protected - 36Superior - 0Protected - 18Superior - Protected - Up to halfSuperior - Protected - AnyAverage Experienced 0




Unprotected Bow 18

AlliesHerul allies (from 253 CE)

6,8Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

4,6Formed Flexible

WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 65 Shoot & Charge (6) 6,8,9Tribal Close

Alan or Hun mercenaries (from 370 CE)

CAVALRY- Melee Expert 109 Shoot & Charge (7)

4,6Formed Loose

Regrade best cavalry (from 440 CE)


Formed Loose



4,6Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


UG Size

Training and

Formation

Greuthingi or Early OstrogothAny Instinctive 220 CE to 497 CE



Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill



Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth

Historical EnemiesBosporan; Bastarnae; Alan; Later Sarmatian; Tervingi; Scirii; Heruli; Gepid; Hunnic; Southern Slav


Historical NotesThis list covers the Greuthingi/Greutungi (“men of the steppes”) Goths from arrival in the Ukraine until the organisation of the Italian Ostrogothic kingdom. The first incursion of the Roman Empire that can be attributed to Goths is the sack of Histria in 238 CE. Seaborne raids followed from around 255 CE onwards. Initially raiding in the Black Sea, the Goths soon broke out into the Aegean Aea, sacking several Greek cities. Pressure on the Romans caused them to abandon the province of Dacia beyond the Danube. In 336 CE Constantine restored Dacia to the Roman Empire but it was abandoned following his death.Hunnic domination of the Gothic kingdoms began in the 370s. The Greuthingi seem to have split up under attack from Attila’s Huns. Part of the Goths remained independent and invaded Italy under Radagaisus in 405 CE, this is covered in the Gothic list.The largest part became Hunnic subjects from 441 CE until the break-up of the Hunnic empire in 454 CE. After Attila’s death, they unified as the Ostrogothic nation. The Eastern Roman Emperor Marcian recognised Ostrogothic control of Pannonia.

Troop NotesThe Gothic cavalry used spears. Unlike Germanic tribes there is little evidence for javelins. At the Battle of Nedao in 454 CE, Jordanes describes the Ostrogoths as using the kontos.Huns were hired by Vithimer to fight other Huns in around 370 CE.




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 12Protected - 36Superior - 0Protected - 18Superior - Protected - Up to halfAverage Unskilled 0



Historical EnemiesGreuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Hunnic; Imperial Roman; Eastern Later Roman; Langobard


6,9Skirmisher

Historical NotesThe Heruli or Heruls were amongst the Gothic tribes that ravaged the coasts of the Black Sea and entered the Aegean in the 3rd century CE. The Heruli later moved from an area north of the Black Sea to the Roman frontier at the same time as the Goths. Conquered by the Huns they appear to have rebelled with the Gepids after the death of Atilla and established a kingdom on the Danuble. The Heruli king Rodulph lost his kingdom to the Lombards at some point before 508 CE. Heruli are mentioned serving in the armies of the Gepids and East Romans into the second half of the 6th century.

Troop NotesThe Heruli were renowned for their swift-footed light infantry. Their cavalry was said by the eyewitness Procopius not to have worn metal armour or helmets, but to be protected only by shields and thick jackets.

JavelinmenINFANTRY

Short Spear Combat Shy 29 -

4,6Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 65 Shoot & Charge (6) 6,8,9Tribal Close



4,6Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


UG Size

Training and

Formation

HeruliAny Instinctive 220 CE to 508 CE



Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 24Protected - 36Superior - 0Protected - 18Superior - Protected - Up to halfAverage - 0



Unprotected Bow 18

The Gepids were closely related to the Goths. In the 4th century, they were incorporated into the Hunnic Empire. Under their leader Ardaric, the Gepids united with other Germanic tribes and defeated the Huns at the Battle of Nedao in 454 CE. The Gepids then founded a kingdom centred in Pannonia.The Gepids reached the zenith of their power after 537 CE, settling in the rich area around Singidunum. in 552 CE the Gepids suffered a disastrous defeat from Alboin, king of the Lombards, in the Battle of Asfeld. The Gepids were finally overrun by the Avars in 567 CE.

AlliesRugii allies (only in 454 CE)Thuringian allies (only in 454 CE)

NotesRugii and Thuringian allies must be taken together.

Historical Notes

6,8Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

4,6Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY




4,6Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

GepidAny Instinctive 220 CE to 567 CE




Gepid

None.

Troop NotesThe Gepids may have had three classes - a rich upper class fighting as cavalry, a less wealthy class of infantry spearmen whose weapons included heavy throwing spears, and a poor class fighting as archers.

Historical EnemiesTervingi; Taifali; Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Hunnic; Eastern Later Roman; Langobard; Italian Ostrogothic; Early Byzantine; Southern Slav; Avar





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max


Unprotected Bow 48

Average Experienced

Protected Bow Any

Average Skilled Unprotected Bow Up to half

Average - 0Protected - 6Average - 0



Unprotected Bow All or none

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

HunnicAny Instinctive 375 CE to 469 CE



4,6Formed Loose


- Melee Expert 109 Shoot & Charge (6) 4,6Formed Flexible


Short Spear Melee Expert 194 Shoot & Charge (14)

4,6Formed Flexible



Regrade horse archers with Roman armour (from 428 to 454 CE)

CAVALRY- - 125 Shoot & Charge (10)

4,6Formed Loose

Alan lancersCAVALRY


Heruli or Scirii subjectsCAVALRY


4,6Skirmisher

Upgrade Alan horse archersCAVALRY


Alan horse archersCAVALRY



Hunnic



Protected - 9

Attila from 433 to 453 CE

Frankish or Rugian subjectsINFANTRY


6,8,9Tribal Close

Thuringian subjectsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 70 - 6,8,9Tribal Flexible

Burgundian subjectsINFANTRY


Changes from last versionOption to regrade horse archers. Extended end date to 469 CE.

Historical NotesThe Huns may have included descendants of the Hsiung-nu who had threatened the Han chinese. During the 3rd century they were present north-west of the Caspian Sea. From 370 CE onwards they moved westwards subjugating tribes including the Alans, Ostrogoths and Gepids. In 395 CE a major raid pillaged Armenia and Syria. In 408 CE the Huns and Scirii invaded Moesia but were defeated by the Romans. Under Rua and then Atilla the Huns were unified as a single entity and extracted an annual tribute from the Roman empire. In 447 CE Attila led an invasion that reached as far as Thermopylae but failed to take Constantinople. In 451 CE Attila invaded Gaul but was defeated by an alliance of foederate kings and the Romans at Campus Mauriacus. The following year he invaded Italy and sacked several cities.After the death of Attila the Hun empire quickly broke up. The Ostrogoths and Gepids rebelled and defeated the Huns. Remnant tribes were absorbed by the Bulgars and Avars by the mid-6th century CE.

Troop NotesThe Huns appear to be distinct from other steppe tribes in their willingness to engage in close combat.

Historical EnemiesBosporan; Alan; Early Vandal; Scirii; Taifali; Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth; Heruli; Gepid; Hunnic; Early Langobard; Early Franks; Rugii; Burgundi; Alamanni; Foederate Roman; Middle Sassanid Persian; Armenian; Eastern Later Roman; Sabir; Tolosan Visigoth

AlliesScirii allies (only in 408 CE)Gepid subject allies (from 433 to 454 CE)Ostrogothic subject allies - Greuthingi or Early Ostrogoth (from 433 to 454 CE)

NotesA command may not have more than one TUG of nobles.




0-1 Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 0Protected - 6Average Unskilled 18



Unprotected - 30Average Experienced 0



Average - 6Protected - 12Superior - 0Protected - 6Average Experienced 4

Unprotected Bow 6

4,6Formed Loose

AlansCAVALRY


4,6Skirmisher

Best cavalryCAVALRY


Allied Greuthingi and Alans under Alatheus and Saphrax (only in 378 CE)

CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90 Melee Expert (23) 4,6Formed Loose

6,9Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 40 -

6,8Tribal Loose

Eescaped slaves and ill equipped warriors

INFANTRYShort Spear - 25 - 8,9,10

Tribal Close

ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

4,6Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 70 Shoot & Charge (6) 6,8,9Tribal Flexible

CavalryCAVALRY


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation

GothicAny (see note) 377 CE to 419 CE

Any (see note) Standard, Coastal, Mountains

Internal Allied Generals Any (see note) or Any Instinctive (Alatheus and Saphrax in 378 CE)

Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average


Gothic

Average Unskilled 0

Protected Javelin 6

Superior Experienced 0Protected Darts 8

Average Unskilled 0


Average Experienced

Protected Darts Any

Average Unskilled 0Protected Javelin 48


Unprotected Bow 9Average - 12



Unprotected Javelin 96,9

SkirmisherGerman javelinmen

INFANTRY- Combat Shy 25 -

6,8,9Tribal Flexible

German archersINFANTRY


German warriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear Devastating Chargers 77 -

4,6Formed Loose

Additional archersINFANTRY


Upgrade additional cavalryCAVALRY


Only under Radagaisus from 401 to 406 CE

Additional cavalryCAVALRY


6,8Drilled Flexible

Any except the army of Radagaisus

Warriors with Roman training and equipment

INFANTRYShort Spear Melee Expert 96 - 6,8,9

Regrade legiones comitatenses or pseudocomitatenses

INFANTRYShort Spear Shield Cover 97 Orb (2)

Formed Flexible

6,8Drilled Flexible

Legiones comitatenses or pseudocomitatenses


Melee Expert (16), Shoot & Charge (6),

Orb (2)6,8

Drilled Flexible

Auxilia palatinaINFANTRY

Short Spear Shield Cover 132 Orb (3)

Only Alaric from 395 to 407 CE

EquitesCAVALRY


Shoot & Charge (10), Dismountable (5)

4,6Drilled Loose


Gothic

Imperial Roman; Foederate Roman


If Alaric is the Army Commander and drilled troops are taken then all generals must be professional, if Alaric is the Army Commander and no drilled troops are taken then generals may be professional, otherwise all generals must be instinctive.

Historical NotesAfter the victory at Adrianople in 378 CE, the Goths were settled by treaty and provided recruits for Roman regular units. Alaric became Magister Militum per Illyricum first on behalf of the Eastern Empire 395 to 399 CE, then on behalf of the Western Empire 403 to 407 CE. Losing the post after Stilicho’s murder in 408, he was joined by Greuthingi, by ex-prisoners from the army of Radagaisus and by escaped slaves, and plundered Rome. His successors invaded Gaul, then Spain and fought on behalf of the Romans against rebels, Suevi and Vandals, before settling as foederati in south Gaul.

Troop NotesAfter Adrianople, the Romans seem to have been unwilling to face the Goths in open battle.Radagaisus’ army of 401 to 406 CE was mostly Goths, but was also reported to include Rugi, Suevi, Vandals, Burgundians and Alans. The Gothic armies seem to have constantly struggled to find food and forage. This suggests they wouldn't have been able to support large numbers of mounted troops. The cavalry at Adrianople were recent arrivals from across the Danube.

Historical Enemies

AlliesAlan allies (only Radagasius from 401 to 406 CE)Burgundi allies (only in 419 CE)

Notes




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max

Average - 12Protected - 30Superior - 0Protected - 12Superior - 0Protected - 6Average - 0



Unprotected Bow 18


Historical NotesThis list covers the Langobards from their migration from the lower Elbe towards the end of the 4th century CE until their arrival in former territories of the Burgundi.

Troop NotesThe cavalry may have fought in a similar fashion to other Gothic tribes. The foot may have fought in a similar fashion to the Saxons.

Historical EnemiesHunnic; Southern Slav

6,8Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

4,6Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 65 - 6,8,9Tribal Close

Further upgrade cavalryCAVALRY


4,6Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


UG Size

Training and

Formation

Early LangobardAny Instinctive 380 CE to 488 CE



Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill



Version 2021.01: 1st January 2021 MAGNA © Simon Hall

Magna Army Lists Calculating points Army points are calculated as follows:

Generals - Magna




Mediocre 320 200 320 200 80 40

Camps Type of camp Poor Average Superior

Unfortified 126 210 294 A flexible camp is deployed as a fortified camp when defending and a mobile camp when invading. No camp deploys a poor mobile camp when defending and no camp at all when invading.

Fortified 288 480 672 Flexible 252 420 588 Mobile 198 330 462

No camp 486 N/A N/A


Notes 1. Points values for skirmishers in Magna are greater than in Maximus as SuGs shoot at full effect with only two ranks. 2. For further details on how points are calculated visit the Mortem et Gloriam website.



Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max









Average Experienced


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




4Formed Loose


- - 94 - 4Formed Flexible



4Formed Flexible


- - 35 Combat Shy (-8) 4Tribal Loose


- - 129 -

Tribal Flexible


- Pavise 56

4,6Tribal Loose



- Pavise 62 - 4


Short Spear - 37 -

- Tribal Loose

-----


- - 70 Combat Shy (-4) 4Skirmisher


CAVALRY- Cantabrian 86 Combat Shy (-4) 4

Skirmisher

Version 2021.01: 1st Janaury 2021 MAGNA © Simon Hall



Unprotected Sling 6

4,6Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 42 -



Notes This army may use Feigned Flight.






0-3 Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max










Unprotected Sling 6

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation



Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified; Poor or Average

4Formed Loose



Best cavalryCAVALRY


4Formed Loose


INFANTRYShort Spear - 60 Shoot & Charge (6) 4,6

Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


4Skirmisher





4Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY




4,6Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50 -





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max







Unprotected Sling 6

UG Size

Training and

Formation




-

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


-

4Tribal Loose


Short Spear - 86 - 4Tribal Loose

HypaspistsINFANTRY

Short Spear Melee Expert 109

Shoot & Charge (6)

4,6Tribal Loose

Light horseCAVALRY


4Skirmisher

WarriorsINFANTRY

- - 56

-

4,6Skirmisher



Shoot & Charge (7)

Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY

- - 32

4,6Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50




PaeonianHistorical Notes

None.








Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Protected - 8





Unprotected Bow 12

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation






Charging Lancer - 105 Melee Expert (23) 4Formed Loose

4Formed Loose


CAVALRYCharging Lancer - 147 - 4

Formed Loose



Rhoxolani only


Short Spear - 140 Shoot & Charge (14) 4Formed Loose

Tribal Loose

JavelinmenINFANTRY

Short Spear - 37

4Formed Loose

------


- - 35 Combat Shy (-8) 4



Skirmisher


- Cantabrian 86

- 4,6Tribal Loose


- - 70 Combat Shy (-4) 4

Skirmisher

Combat Shy (-4) 4Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY






SlingersINFANTRY


JavelinmenINFANTRY






Skirmisher






Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max











Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




4Formed Loose


Charging Lancer - 119 - 4Formed Loose

LancersCAVALRY


4Formed Loose





4,6Formed Close


Short Spear - 50 - 4,6Formed Close



4Drilled Close


INFANTRY- Devastating Chargers 70 Melee Expert (16) 4,6

Formed Loose



4,6Formed Close





4,6Tribal Loose

SpearmenINFANTRY

Short Spear - 60 -










4Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY




4,6Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 35 -









Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max









Unprotected Sling 6

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




4Formed Loose



Formed Loose



4Formed Flexible




- - 94 -

4Tribal Loose


Short Spear - 37 - 4,6Tribal Loose



4Skirmisher



Skirmisher



4,6Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 42 -




Later Scythian








Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Unprotected Sling 4

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

-Devastating

Chargers70 - 4,6

Tribal Flexible

CavalryCAVALRY


4Tribal Flexible

JavelinmenINFANTRY



-Devastating

Chargers98 -

4Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 43 - 4Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50 -









Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max






UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose


- Devastating Chargers 98 - 4Tribal Flexible

CavalryCAVALRY


Shoot & Charge (10)

Tribal Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 70 - 4,6Tribal Flexible



4,6Tribal Loose

ArchersINFANTRY





JavelinmenINFANTRY



Notes


Bastarnae








Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max








UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Tribal Loose


- Devastating Chargers 60 Melee Expert (16) 4,6Tribal Loose



WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 60


- - 48Tribal Loose


4,6Tribal Loose

Combat Shy (-14) 4

Shoot & Charge (6)



4Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


CavalryCAVALRY

-


JavelinmenINFANTRY




Dacian or Carpi





Troop Notes




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max











Unprotected Sling 6

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation



Internal Allied Generals Unforitified; Poor or Average

4Formed Loose



Best cavalryCAVALRY


4Formed Loose



Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


4Formed Flexible



4Skirmisher




4Skirmisher



Skirmisher



4,6Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


JavelinmenINFANTRY


4,6Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 43 -


Thraco-Roman

None.






Historical Notes




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Unprotected Bow 12

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose



LancersCAVALRY


4Skirmisher


- Cantabrian 86 Combat Shy (-4) 4Skirmisher



4,6Skirmisher



ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 42 -




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Unprotected Bow 12

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose


Charging Lancer - 119 - 4Formed Loose

LancersCAVALRY


Formed Loose





4Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY








Later Sarmatian

None.






Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max






UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose


- Devastating Chargers 131 Melee Expert (32) 4Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


4Formed Loose


Short Spear Devastating Chargers 77 - 4,6Tribal Flexible



4,6Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY



- Combat Shy 50 -








Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





UG Size

Training and

Formation




Melee Expert (23)

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


-

4Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90

Combat Shy (-4)

4,6Tribal Close


- Devastating Chargers 91 - 4Tribal Close

WarriorsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 65

A command may not have more than one TUG of best warriors.

4Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY



CAVALRY- - 70


Notes



Early Vandal







0-2 Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max






UG Size

Training and

Formation



Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


4Tribal Flexible

WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 70 Shoot & Charge (6) 4,6Tribal Flexible



4Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)


JavelinmenINFANTRY





Tervingi








Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max



Unprotected Bow 12

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90

Best cavalryCAVALRY


Devastating Chargers 131 Melee Expert (32)

4Formed Loose

- 4

Melee Expert (23)


4Formed Loose

ArchersINFANTRY



-








Scirii








Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max



Unprotected Bow 12

Melee Weaponry


UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry


4Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY

- Devastating Chargers 131 - 4Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear -

The Taifali were associated with the Goths, but apparently were mainly cavalry.

Historical Enemies

4Formed Loose

ArchersINFANTRY



- Devastating Chargers



4,6Skirmisher




- Combat Shy 50 -

Troop Notes




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Unprotected Bow 12

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


4Formed Loose



Formed Loose



4Formed Flexible

WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 65 Shoot & Charge (6) 4,6Tribal Close



4Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


4Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY






4,6Skirmisher



JavelinmenINFANTRY





Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Unprotected Bow 12

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Melee Expert (23)

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Melee Expert (32)

4Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90

Combat Shy (-14)

4Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY




Historical Notes

4Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48





Gepid

None.







Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max


Unprotected Bow 32

Average Experienced

Protected Bow Any






Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




4Formed Loose


- Melee Expert 109 Shoot & Charge (6) 4Formed Flexible



4Formed Flexible


- Melee Expert 144 Shoot & Charge (6) 4Formed Flexible



4Formed Loose

Alan lancersCAVALRY

Charging Lancer - 105 Melee Expert (23) 4Formed Loose



4Skirmisher


- Cantabrian 86 Combat Shy (-4) 4Skirmisher




Hunnic



Protected - 6




4,6Tribal Close














0-1 Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max








Unprotected Bow 4

4Formed Loose

AlansCAVALRY


4Skirmisher

Best cavalryCAVALRY



CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90 Melee Expert (23) 4Formed Loose

4,6Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50 -

4Tribal Loose


INFANTRYShort Spear - 25 - 4,6

Tribal Close

ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

4Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY


CavalryCAVALRY


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average


Gothic

Average Unskilled 0

Protected Javelin 4


Average Unskilled 0


Average Experienced

Protected Darts Any









4,6Tribal Flexible





4Formed Loose







Short Spear - 90 Melee Expert (23) 4Formed Loose

4Drilled Flexible



INFANTRYShort Spear Melee Expert 96 - 4,6



Formed Flexible

4Drilled Flexible




Orb (2)4

Drilled Flexible




EquitesCAVALRY



4Drilled Loose


Gothic






Historical Enemies


Notes




Camp

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Unprotected Bow 12

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


4Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


4Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

- Devastating Chargers 65 - 4,6Tribal Close



4Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)






Version 2021.01: 1st January 2021 PACTO © Simon Hall

Pacto Army Lists Calculating points Army points are calculated as follows:

Generals - Pacto




Mediocre 160 100 160 100 40 20

Camps Camps are not included in Pacto games.


Notes 1. Points values for skirmishers in Pacto are greater than in Maximus as SuGs shoot at full effect with only two ranks. 2. For further details on how points are calculated visit the Mortem et Gloriam website.



Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Protected Javelin 6





Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation



Internal Allied Generals

1,2Formed Loose





1,2Formed Flexible




- - 129 -

Tribal Flexible


- Pavise 56

2,3Tribal Loose



- Pavise 62 - 2


Short Spear - 37 -

- Tribal Loose

-----





Skirmisher

Version 2021.01: 1st Janaury 2021 PACTO © Simon Hall



Unprotected Sling 3

1,2,3Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 35 - 1,2,3Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 42 -









0-3

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max










Unprotected Sling 4

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation



Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive

1,2Formed Loose



Best cavalryCAVALRY


1,2Formed Loose



Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Skirmisher





1,2Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY




1,2Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50 -




Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max







Unprotected Sling 4



1,2Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50 -

1,2Skirmisher



Shoot & Charge (7)

Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


1,2Tribal Loose

Light horseCAVALRY


1,2Skirmisher

WarriorsINFANTRY

- - 56 -

1,2Tribal Loose



HypaspistsINFANTRY

Short Spear Melee Expert 109 -

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation





Paeonian

None.





Historical Notes




Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Protected - 4





Unprotected Bow 6

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation







1,2Formed Loose



Formed Loose



Rhoxolani only


Short Spear - 140 Shoot & Charge (14) 1,2Formed Loose

Tribal Loose

JavelinmenINFANTRY

Short Spear - 37

1,2Formed Loose

------


- - 35 Combat Shy (-9) 2,3



Skirmisher


- Cantabrian 86

- 2,3Tribal Loose


- - 70 Combat Shy (-4) 1,2

Skirmisher

Combat Shy (-4) 1,2Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 42 - 1,2,3





SlingersINFANTRY


JavelinmenINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 20 - 1,2,3





Skirmisher






Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max











Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




1,2Formed Loose



LancersCAVALRY


1,2Formed Loose





2,3Formed Close


Short Spear - 50 - 2,3Formed Close



1,2Drilled Close


INFANTRY- Devastating Chargers 70 Melee Expert (16) 1,2

Formed Loose



1,2Formed Close





1,2Tribal Loose

SpearmenINFANTRY

Short Spear - 60 -










1,2Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY




1,2,3Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 35 -









Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max









Unprotected Sling 3

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




1,2Formed Loose



Formed Loose



1,2Formed Flexible




- - 94 -

2,3Tribal Loose





1,2Skirmisher



Skirmisher



1,2,3Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 42 -



Later Scythian









Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Unprotected Sling 2

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY


CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Tribal Flexible

JavelinmenINFANTRY




1,2Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50 -









Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max






UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


Shoot & Charge (10)

Tribal Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY




1,2Tribal Loose

ArchersINFANTRY





JavelinmenINFANTRY



Notes


Bastarnae








Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max








UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Tribal Loose


- Devastating Chargers 60 Melee Expert (16) 1,2Tribal Loose



WarriorsINFANTRY

Short Spear - 60


- - 48Tribal Loose


1,2Tribal Loose

Combat Shy (-14) 1,2

Shoot & Charge (6)



1,2Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


CavalryCAVALRY

-


JavelinmenINFANTRY




Dacian or Carpi





Troop Notes




Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max











Unprotected Sling 4

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




1,2Formed Loose



Best cavalryCAVALRY


1,2Formed Loose



Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Formed Flexible



1,2Skirmisher




1,2Skirmisher



Skirmisher



1,2Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


JavelinmenINFANTRY


1,2Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 43 -


Thraco-Roman

None.






Historical Notes




Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Unprotected Bow 6

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose



LancersCAVALRY


1,2Skirmisher





1,2,3Skirmisher



ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 42 -




Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Unprotected Bow 6

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose



LancersCAVALRY


Formed Loose





1,2Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY








Later Sarmatian

None.






Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max






UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Formed Loose





1,2Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY



- Combat Shy 50 -








Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max








1,2Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY



CAVALRY- - 70 Combat Shy (-4)

1,2Tribal Close



WarriorsINFANTRY


1,2Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation





Early Vandal







0-2

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max






UG Size

Training and

Formation



Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Tribal Flexible

WarriorsINFANTRY




1,2Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)


JavelinmenINFANTRY





Tervingi








Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max



Unprotected Bow 6

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90

Best cavalryCAVALRY


Devastating Chargers 131 Melee Expert (32)

1,2Formed Loose

- 1,2

Melee Expert (23)


1,2Formed Loose

ArchersINFANTRY



-








Scirii








Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max



Unprotected Bow 6


UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill



1,2Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear -

The Taifali were associated with the Goths, but apparently were mainly cavalry.

Historical Enemies

1,2Formed Loose

ArchersINFANTRY



- Devastating Chargers



1,2Skirmisher




- Combat Shy 50 -

Troop Notes




Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max





Unprotected Bow 6

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Formed Loose



Formed Loose



1,2Formed Flexible

WarriorsINFANTRY




1,2Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)





Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


1,2Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY






1,2Skirmisher



JavelinmenINFANTRY





Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Unprotected Bow 6

UG Size

Training and

Formation




Melee Expert (23)

Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Melee Expert (32)

1,2Formed Loose

Best cavalryCAVALRY


CavalryCAVALRY

Short Spear - 90

Combat Shy (-14)

1,2Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY




Historical Notes

1,2Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48





Gepid

None.







Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max


Unprotected Bow 16

Average Experienced

Protected Bow Any






Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation




1,2Formed Loose





1,2Formed Flexible





1,2Formed Loose

Alan lancersCAVALRY




1,2Skirmisher






Hunnic



Protected - 4




1,2Tribal Close














0-1

Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max








Unprotected Bow 2

1,2Formed Loose

AlansCAVALRY


1,2Skirmisher

Best cavalryCAVALRY



CavalryCAVALRY


1,2Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY

- Combat Shy 50 -

1,2Tribal Loose


INFANTRY- - 22 - 2,3

Tribal Close

ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

1,2Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY


CavalryCAVALRY


Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill


Training and

Formation





Gothic

Average Unskilled 0

Protected Javelin 2


Average Unskilled 0

Protected Javelin 8

Average Experienced

Protected Darts Any









1,2Tribal Flexible





1,2Formed Loose








1,2Drilled Flexible



INFANTRYShort Spear Melee Expert 96 - 1,2



Formed Flexible

1,2Drilled Flexible




Orb (2)1,2

Drilled Flexible




EquitesCAVALRY



1,2Drilled Loose


Gothic






Historical Enemies


Notes




Mandatory

Characteristics

Base

PTS

Optional

Characteristics

Min

Max




Unprotected Bow 6





1,2Tribal Loose



ArchersINFANTRY

- - 48 Combat Shy (-14)

1,2Formed Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY




1,2Formed Loose



CavalryCAVALRY


UG Size

Training and

Formation




Name

Type

Quality

Protection

Shooting Skill



BALKANS AND THE PONTIC STEPPE - Lurkio

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