Baitap Linux CoBan

Hng dn thc hnh - Lp trnh M ngun m

Hng Dn Thc Hnh

Chng: Linux C BnKhi: i hc Lin thng. 2011-2012

Hng dn: Bi tp thc hnh da trn gio trnh: CompTIA Linux Plus Certification Study Guide Bi tp thc hnh c chia theo lm nhiu Module Mi Modu le c thit k cho thi lng 3 tit thc hnh ti lp vi s hng dn ca ging vin. Ty theo s tit phn b, mi tun hc c th thc hin nhiu Module. Sinh vin phi lm tt c cc bi tp trong cc Module tun tng ng . Nhng sinh vin cha han tt phn bi tp ti lp c trc h nhim t lm tip tc nh. Cc bi c du (*) l cc bi tp nng cao dnh cho sinh vin kh gii.

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Module 1: Ci t H iu hnh Fedora Core (FC 10)Ni dung kin thc thc hnh: + Ci t HH Fedora Core (FC 10) song song vi HH Windows. Sau khi ci t xong, SV c th boot ng thi 2 HH.

Bc 1. Chun bChun b: - SV ci t HH Windows vo phn vng a cng C trc khi ci t HH Fedora Core 10, dnh 1 phn vng a cng dng ci t FC ( a D, dung lng khong 10GB) + 1 phn vng dng lm SWAP (dung lng bng 2 ln RAM gi a E ).

Yu cu phn cng:- SV tham kho trn website. - Ring i vi FC 10: cu hnh ti thiu dng ha v chy cc ng dng. - i vi CPU x86 + CPU Intel Pentium, ti u nu dng Pentium 4 hoc Dual Core + RAM: 256 MB + HDD: 9 GB - i vi CPU x86_64 yu cu ca RAM l 512 MB

Bc 2. Ci tKhi ng li my tnh, cho a CD (hoc DVD) thc hin cc bc sau y (SV c cc hng dn trn mn hnh lc ci t).

ci ny lm sau

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Module 2: Cc lnh v file-directoryNi dung kin thc thc hnh : + Nm vng h thng cy th mc trong linux + Nm vng - vn dng 2 khi nim c bn ng dn tuyt i + Mt s lnh c bn v file-directory

ng dn tng i

v

Cy th mc trong linuxLu : Cy th mc bt u bng du: / (root directory)

/

bin boot

dev

etc

home

media

var

root

sbin

User1

User2

Desktop

ng dn tuyt i ng dn tng i

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- ng dn tuyt i ca mt tp tin hay th mc lun bt u bi / (root directory) v tip theo sau l chui cc th mc m n i xuyn qua cho n khi ti ch. Tm li, mt ng dn tuyt i l ng dn bt u bi / . V d: 1. Khi bn ang ng trong th mc tuantub, th mc con ca home hay cn c th ni home l th mc m ca tuantub th ng dn tuyt i ca ca th mc tuantub s l /home/tuantub. 2. ng dn tuyt i ca tp tin abc l: /home/tuantub/Desktop/abc - ng dn tng i i vi ng dn tng i th ngi s dng khng i hi phi bt u t / m c th tip cn c vi cc th mc hay tp tin bn trong th mc hin hnh (working directory). Mt ng dn tng i thng bt u vi : -Tn ca mt th mc hoc tp tin -Mt du . (du chm) biu th cho working -Mt du .. (hai chm) biu th cho th mc m ca th mc hin thi. 1.Gi s l bn ang ng trong th mc /home/tuantub trong cy th mc, t y th ng dn Desktop/abc s l ng dn tng i ca tp tin abc. 2.T /home/tuantub th ng dn tng i n th mc /lib s l ../../lib (th mc lib l th mc con ca th mc m ca th mc m ca /home/tuantub) 3.T /home/tuantub, nu mun di chuyn n /lib th ta dng lnh cd vi : ng dn tuyt i : cd /lib ng dn tng i: cd ../../lib

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Bi 1.Mc ch: Khng s dng giao din ha, s dung command line thc hin cc lnh c bn v file-folder . 1. Login vo h thng . S dng lnh cho bit user hin ti l g? 2. M terminal. 3. Login vo Linux di quyn root s dng lnh su . 4. Cho bit th mc hin hnh . 5. Lit k danh sch file , folder trong th mc hin hnh 6. To cu trc cy th mc nh sau:

7. To file vi.txt folder tc1 c ni dung bi th Hng Thm. 8. Delete folder ncd2 9. Copy 3 file bt k trong folder /etc vo folder ncd1 10. Copy ton b folder ncd1 vo cb 11. Di chuyn file vi.txt (yu cu 7) vo th mc cd 12. Chuyn v tr th mc hin hnh v cd 13. Chuyn v tr th mc hin hnh v /root 14. Hin th n i dung file vi.txt s dng lnh more, less, cat 15. To file log_time rng trong th mc cd 16. Hin th ngy gi t o file log_time ni trn. 17. i tn file log_time thnh log_time.txt v cha trong tc2 18. To file my_friend.txt trong th mc tc1 ch a danh sch tn 2 sinh vin ngicnh trong lp. (s dng l nh cat tn_file , bm Ctrl+D kt thc 19. Log out. Bm thot . Gi : Thng xuyn s dng lnh pwd v ls kim tra. C th s dng nhiu tham s trong qu trnh to th mc. )

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Bi 2:Mc ch: S dung command line thc hin cc lnh c bn v xem thng tin h thng.

1. Login vo h thng. Dng lnh su chuyn sang root. 2. Cho bit tn ca h iu hnh ang s dng.3. Cho bit version ca kernel ca HH hin ti 4. Cho bit bao nhiu user ang login vo h thng 5. Cho bit ngy thng nm hin ti ca h thng 6. Hin th lch ca thng hin ti 7. Hin th lch ca nm 2009, lch ca thng 3 nm 2009 8. Cho bit ngy 1 thng 1 nm 1990 l th my? 9. Hin th thng tin chi tit v user hin ti 10. S dng lnh man h in th cc lnh m man page cha cc t kha: find, search, read, hostname, connect system calls 11. S dng lnh apropos hin th cc lnh cc trang cha ni dung lin quan n group

Bi 3:Mc ch: S dung command line thc hin cc lnh c bn v file. Thit lp b danh cho lnh. tm kim thng tin-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Login vo h thng. Dng lnh su chuyn sang root. Hin th tn my tnh hin ti Hin th thng tin v lnh passwd Hin th cc lnh m man page cha cc t kha: passwd Hin th v tr ca file lnh, source, manual page ca lnh ifconfig, locate Hin th th mc/file no s thc thi khi dng ln passwd Tm tt c cc file c cha t passwd . Trc khi thc hin lnh ny, nn s dng updatedb mt ln. Thit lp lnh dir l b danh ca lnh ls la, lnh m l b danh ca lnh mkdir. S dng lnh m ny to cu trc th mc m t bi 1. S dng lnh find tm ton b v tr file my_friend.txt tnh t /root To command f l b danh ca lnh find, tm t /, tm theo tn file. S dng lnh f ny tm v tr file password.config Tm nhng hng trong ni du ng file /etc/passwd cha t root . Tm v hin th thng tin chi tit cc file trong /etc m tn file c cha t config Tm tt c nhng file trong h thng cha t root.

Bi 4:Mc ch: S dung command line thc hin cc lnh c bn v file permis sion.

1. Login vo h thng. Dng lnh su chuyn sang root. Trang 6/18


2. To ti khon user1 vi password user1 3. Dng su Login vi ti khon user1. Hin th th mc lm vic hin hnh. 4. Chuyn v th mc ngi s dng. Lit k chi tit file-folder c trong th mchin ti.

5. To 3 th mc vd1, vd2, vd3 trong th mc hin ti. Dng lnh cat to file 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.monhoc.txt trong th mc vd1 cha danh sch cc mn hc -tn gio vin ging dy (ang hc trong hc k hin ti ). c permissions ca folder vd1 Thay i permissions ca folder vd1 thnh dr-xr-xr-x Xa file monhoc.txt trong th mc vd1 ? To file monhoc1.txt trong th mc vd1 vi ni dung bt k ? Thay i permissions ca folder vd1 thnh drwxrwxrwx To file monhoc1.txt trong th mc vd1 vi ni dung bt k M thm 1 terminal. To ti khon user2 vi password user2. Dng su Login vi ti khon user2 . T ti khong user2, hin th c ni dung th mc ca user1 hay khng ? (/home/user1) Dng lnh locate tm v tr file monhoc.txt. Nu khng tm thy, hy gii thch ti sao v thc hin lnh g locate c th tm thy file ny. Thay i permissions ca folder /home/user1 cho php user2 c th truy xut vo folder ny. Kim tra bng lnh ls. To cu trc th mc cho h thng nh hnh sau (tnh t sau th mc home)

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Module 3: CC LNH V FILE DIRECTORY (TT)Ni dung kin thc thc hnh: + Cc lnh theo tc trn file, th mc: find, locate, grep + Nn-gii nn tp tin th mc , backup + Thay i u ra, vo, thng bo li

Bi 1:Mc ch:

- S dng lnh tm kim find v locate

Module 4: Bash Shell-Ci t phn mm-Qun tr ngi dngNi dung kin thc thc hnh: +K thut Ci t phn mm trn Linux +Nn-gii nn tp tin th mc +Qun l user-group v phn quyn : .rpm, .tar.gz, .tar.z2 , t source code

Bi 1:Mc ch: S dng Bash SHELL.

1. Login vo h thng. Dng lnh su chuyn sang root. 2. c thng tin cc file sau (nu tn ti): /etc/profile, ~/.profile, ~/.bashrc,3. 4. 5. 6. ~/.bash_profile, ~/.login, and ~/.cshrc. T cc thng tin ny xc nh gi tr shell environment variables: PATH, p ath, LINES, HOME, v home. Kim tra gi tr ni trn bng cch s dng echo $variable (PATH, path, LINES, HOME, home). Xc nh search path (dng cho default shell tm kim chng trnh). M rng ng dn ny vi folder: /sbin v /ttcntt1_hui Thay i du nhc (prompt) hin ti thnh --> Thay i du nhc (prompt) hin ti thnh 2 hng: Done Next command> Thay i du nhc (prompt) hin ti lun hin th th mc lm vic hin ti. M thm 1 terminal kim tra du nhc c thay i theo hay khng? Thc hin thay i PROMT thnh duongdanhientai> v PATH c m rng vi /sbin v /ttcntt c nh cho tt c cc shell c m. Thc hin restart my o Linux v kim tra s thay i ca cc thng s ny. To lnh m l b danh cho lnh mkdir, v dir cho lnh ls la. Thit lp cc lnh b danh ny s dng c ngay c khi khi ng li my.

7. 8.

9.

10. Cho bit cc shell no c ci t v sn sng s dng trn h thng.Chuyn qua mt shell khc t shell hin ti.

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Gi : S dng cc lnh (hoc bin): chsh, c hsh l, echo, $PATH, $PS1, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bashrc PS1='type something! ' Mt s m s dng cho prompt l: \d the date (day-of-the-week month day) \h the hostname (without the domain) \n start a new line \u the current username \w the working dir ectory

Bi 2.Mc ch: Khng s dng giao din ha, s dung command line thc hin cc lnh c bn v file-folder. 1. Kim tra menu Applications/Game cha cc thnh phn no. S dng rpm c i t gi phn mm gnome-games-2.22.1.1-4.fc9.i386.rpm. Sau tm trong menu Games xem c chng trnh mi hay khng? Chy th 1 hay 2 chng trnh. Sau remove gi phn mm ny ra khi my o. Kim tra trong danh sch cc gi ci vo my s dng RPM c cha gi gnome-games khng? S dng rmp remove gi ny ra khi my o. Kim tra cn cc game trong my hay khng? 2. Kim tra menu Applications/Education cha cc thnh phn no. S dng rpm c i t gi phn mm kdeedu-4.0.3-3.fc9.i386.rpm. (vi kha chuyn --nodeps) Sau tm trong menu Education xem c chng trnh mi hay khng? Chy th 1 hay 2 chng trnh. Gii thch ti sao nu c chng trnh khng chy . Sau remove gi phn mm ny ra khi my o. 3. Ci t gi phn mm t source john-1.7.3.1.tar.gz. c file hng dn km theo phn mm (readme, install) s dng phn mm ny b kha v tm ra password ca cc ti khon ca Linux. Bi tp c xem l hon tt khi thc hin gi lnh john thnh cng (ty h thng , ty vo config cho phn mm john c th b c password hay khng) . 4. Ci t gi phn mm t source units-1.74.tar.gz. y l phn mm tin ch chuyn i n v o lng. Xem hng dn ci t v s dng phn mm ny. 5. Ci t phn mm wine (phn mm dng thc thi ng dng MS Windows trn Linux) s dng yum (ci t t local pak ages). c hng dn s dng wine km theo phn mm chy chng trnh putty.exe ca MS Windows. Chp phn mm notepad.exe vo my o Linux v thc thi. Gi : S dng cc lnh: rpm vi kha i,-e,--nodeps ,-q

Bi 3.Mc ch: S dung command line thc hin cc lnh c bn v permission trn usergroup. 1. To 3 group G1, G2 v G3. To 3 user u1, u2, u3 tng ng thuc 3 group G1, G2, G3 v thit lp password tng ng trng vi tn user .

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2. Thay i group chnh ca user u2 t G2 thnh G3. 3. Thit lp u1 thuc thm 2 group G2, G3, u2 thuc thm group G1 4.

. Dng lnh

5. 6. 7.

g kim tra tng ti khon u1, u2, u3 thuc ng cc group thit lp? To folder /test. Trong folder ny c 2 folder con: tets1, test2. Trong mi folder c 1 file: test1.txt v test2.txt. Phn quyn test1.txt c ch l u1 v G2 s dng lnh chmod vi cch nh s nh phn . Phn quyn test2.txt c ch l u2 v G1. Kim tra kt qu tng file dng lnh g? Kim tra th mc test c ch hin ti l user no v group no.? Thc hin thay i ch ca th mc test v tt c file-th mc trong n l u2 v g1. Kim tra li thay i ny. Phn thm quyn group ch file test2.txt c th c,ghi, execute s dng php gn quyn trc tip (g=rwx) . Kim tra bng lnh vi sa ni dung vi ti khon u1, u2 v u3 . Thc hin thay i shell ca u1 v u2 thnh nologin. Restart Linux (bng command line v login vo vi ti khon u1, u2 v u3.

Bi 4.Mc ch: S dung command line thc hin cc lnh c bn v permission trn usergroup. 1. Trung Tm CNTT gm 2 t: LapTrinh v Mng. Mi t c 2 Gio vin. Ti file foldder /tailieu c 2 file: dethimang.txt va dethilaptrinh.txt. Thc hin cc yu cu sau: a. To th mc /backup, v chp ton b th mc /tailieu vo trong th mc /backup. T th mc /backup: i. Thc hin nn file dethimang.txt thnh dethimang.txt.gz ii. Thc hin gii nn file dethimang.txt.gz thnh dethimang.txt iii. Thc hin nn ton b th mc tailieu tnh fle tailieu.tar.gz. b. T ti khon root, to 2 group LapTrinh v Mang. Trong m i group c 2 user gio vin. To user GiamDoc. c. To 2 file dethimang.txt va dethilaptrinh.txt trong folder /tailieu. d. Cc Gio vin thuc t LapTrinh c php xem, sa, xa file dethilaptrinh.txt nhng khng c xem, sa file dethimang.txt . Ngc li cho cc gio vin thuc t Mng. e. Ti khon Gimc c quyn xem (khng c sa) 2 file thi ni trn. f. M ng thi 3 terminal v login vo vi ti khon tng ng: GiamDoc, gio vin lp trnh, gio vin mng. Thc hin chnh sa cc file thi ni trn (s dng vi) kim tra vic phn quyn.

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Module 5: Kt gn thit b vi Linux.Ni dung kin thc thc hnh: +Giao tip gia my o v host +S dng lnh mount

Bi 1:Mc ch: S dng Vmware Tools h tr thc hin trao i dch v gia host XP v VM Linux.

1. Ci t Vmware Tools. Ch :

Ghi li hng dn khi ng dch v ko th file. 2. Khi ng dch v ko th file. T Host XP ko th mt vi file sang Desktop ca Linux v ngc li.

Bi 2:Mc ch: T my o Linux truy xut ton b cng C, D ca my host (s dng MS Windows XP)

1. T Vmware workstation, thm 2 harddisk vo my o l a C v a D . 2. T Linux, to 2 th mc /mnt/diac v /mnt/diad. Thc hin mount tng ng 2a C v D ni trn vo 2 th mc mi ny. 3. T Linux, thc hin c opy file /etc/passwd vo a C v D ca my host XP. 4. T Linux, thc hin copy file notepad.exe t my host XP vo mn hnh Desktop ca user hin ti.

Bi 3:Mc ch: S dng folder share ca Vmware chp thng tin t my host XP sang Linux.

1. T my host XP to 2 foldervidu.doc trong c 2 folder ny.

d:\temp\ttcntt_public

v d:\temp\ ttcntt_doc. To file

2. T Vmware workstation thit lp share 2 th mc ny vi yu cu: a. d:\temp\ttcntt_public : read-write b. d:\temp\ttcntt_doc : read-only 3. T Linux thc hin mount 2 th mc ny. T Linux, c opy file /etc/ pam.d/gdmvo ttcntt_public, xa file vidu.doc ca ttcntt_public. Th xa file vidu.doc ca th mc ttcntt_doc. Copy file vidu.doc ca th mc ttcntt_doc vo mn hnh Desktop ca user hin ti. Kim tra li bng cch m cc folder ny trong Explorer ca host XP.

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Bi 4:Mc ch: S dng chc nng mount vi CDROM thng qua file ISO to file

1. T my host XP , s dng phn mm MagicISO hay PowerISO Linux_soft.ISO cha cc file . rpm c chp . 2. T Vmware workstation thi lp CDROM tr n file ISO ny. 3. T Linux to folder /mnt/cdrom_iso v thc hin mount CDROM vo ny. T Linux, copy tan b file .rpm t file ISO vo folder /tmp

th mc

Bi 5:Mc ch: S dng chc nng LINUX. Share vi Samba coy file t host XP sang my o

1. T my host XP to folder c:/temp1 cha file vidu.doc v thc hin share folderny vi tn l temp1. 2. T Linux, t menu Places-Network, s dng chc nng Open Location ca m folder share temp1 ca my host XP. Copy file vidu.doc vo mn hnh Desktop ca user hin ti

Bi 6:Mc ch: S dng dch v SSH copy file gia host XP v VM Linux.

1. T Linux kim tra xem sshd c cng dch v ny .

khi ng chy cha? Nu cha th khi .

2. c a ch eth0 hay eth1 ca Linux bng cch dng lnh ifconfig trong linuxThc hin ping t Linux quan my ch XP v ngc li kim tra kt ni thnh cng. 3. T Host XP, dng WinSCP kt ni vi Linux. Thc hin copy file wordpad.exe t host XP vo mn hnh Desktop ca Linux user hin ti. Thc hin copy file /etc/passwd vo Desktop ca host Xp hin ti.

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Module 6: Remote conect vi Linux.Ni dung kin thc thc hnh: +Remote login vi Linux +Permission bit: SUID, SGID, Sticky bit

Bi 1:Mc ch: Remote login vo Linux

1. T Linux, khi ng dch v sshd . 2. T host XP, dng phn mm Putty remote login vo Linux vi ti khon root . 3. T host XP, tip tc m tip 2 ca s Putty remote login vo Linux vi tikhon u1 v u2 (nu Linux cha c th to v t password cho 2 user u1, u2) . K t thi im ny ch s dng putty lm vic vi Linux, khng lm vic trc tip trn my o Linux. T mn hnh root, cho bit cc user no ang login vo h thng? T mn hnh root gi thng ip cho user u1 v u2, v ngc li. T u1 gi thng ip cho tt c user trong h thng . Cho bit 2 lnh gi thng ip s dng c lu th mc no? Cho bit phn quyn trn 2 file lnh ny theo user-group-other. User u1 khng mun b tip tc quy ry bi cc message. Thc hin lnh g ngn khng nhn thng ip t cc user khc ? T root gi mail cho u1 v ni dung chun b kim tra gia k. T remote login thc hin shutdown v restart Linux trong 2 pht k tip . Dng Putty login vo vi ti khon u1 . c cc email nhn c, tr li cho root v vic nhn c mail. M thm 1 ca s Putty v login vi ti khon root. c tt c cc email hin c. Kim tra tnh trng login vo h thng.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Bi 2:Mc ch: S dng Linux theo nhm. Tt c u s dng command line mode. Ch l, tt c sinh vin trong nhm ch trao i hay hng dn qua chat hay mail, khng di chuyn hay ni chuyn. 1. Chn 1 my tnh lm server Linux. Mt sinh vin qun tr Linux server trn 1 my (SV1) ng vai tr admin h thng , 2 SV cn li (SV2, SV3) ng vai tr user ngi 2 my khc nhau v login vo h thng. Dng lnh who xem xt nhng ngi login vo h thng. Lm th no c ho bit cc user trong h thng ang lm g (s dng chng trnh g) ? 2. SV1 to 1 th m c (baithi ) ch a 2 file text vi ni dung l ngy thng nm sinh, a ch, email v ST ca mnh , s thch, kh nng . Thc hin nn th mc ny thnh 1 file tar v 1 file tar.gz. To th mc khc (chiaxe ) cha 2 file ny sao cho cc SV khc c th c, khng th xa. Thng bo (chat hay mail) cho 2 SV cn li chnh xc tn file (khng thng bo v tr th mc ch file). Cc SV cn li tm kim bit v tr folder cha cc file ny.

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3. SV2 v SV3 chp 2 file (.tar v .tar.gz) v th mc home ca mnh, ng thi 4.gii nn file tar.gz, v file .tar. c thng tin ca bn gi. Th xa cc file ca SV1 c c hay khng? SV1 thc hin thit lp li phn quyn cho th mc chiaxe sao cho SV1 hoc SV2 khng th xa hay i tn file ca file khng thuc v mnh . SV1 v SV2 t to 2 file thng tin ca mnh sv1.txt v sv2.txt (dng cat hoc vi) trn folder chiaxe. Sau th xa file khng phi c a mnh. Nu khng thnh cng th bo cho SV1 bit iu chnh. SV1 v SV2 dng Wordpad ( ca Windows XP) to file sv1.doc v sv2.doc cha thng tin v ngy sinh, qu qun ca mnh . Nn file v chp cho SV cn li. Cc SV chp file thng tin ca bn v my, dng wordpad c file. SV1 gi thng bo cho SV2 SV3 v vic qu gi lm bi. T SV1 (root) thc hin cho SV1 v SV2 logout. SV1 chp file r.rpm t USB. Dng lnh cho bit y l package g? Sau chp cho SV1. SV1 lnh cho bit y l package g, sau thc hin ci v thc thi chng trnh trn server. Root (SV1) mun c cc bo co c a SV2 v Sv3 v danh sch cc file tar trong th mc Home ca m i user. SV2 v Sv3 t to 2 danh sch bo co, t tn l baocao.tar v trong th mc home ca mnh SV1 kim tra. Root (SV1) thit lp sao cho khi tt c user ca h thng ng nhp vo, th du nhc (prompt) hin th dng: TTCNTT [ng dn hin ti] , ng thi ng dn mc nh tr thm n th mc /ttcntt (SV1 to th mc ny) , v to lnh mi ff l lnh tm kim t th mc / theo tn file . Cc Sv2, SV3 ngoi vic s dng cc thit lp chung ny, t ty chnh li du nhc bng cch hin th : TTCNTT-[tn User]-[ng dn hin ti] , v ng dn PATH b sung thm th mc TaiLieuTTCNTT nng trong home c a user (Sinh vin t to) , v to lnh mi myff l lnh tm kim t th m c ~ theo tn file . Ch l, cc thit lp ny phi c lu gi li ngay c khi restart server Linux. Cc SV restart server kim tra. Mi sinh vin t vit 1 script t t i /temp, vi tn l get_infor_SV_i.sh. Script ny thc hin cc cng vic sau , v phn quyn tt c mi ngi u c th s dng script ny a. Hin tn ngi vit sript b. Hin tn user hin ti, thng tin v user hin ti c. Xa th mc /tmp trong ~ v to li th mc /tmp . Trc v sau khi xa phi hin thng bo cho ngi dng bit d. Hin th danh sch cho bit cc user ang log in v ang lm g? e. HIn th IP ca my tnh hin ti SV2 ci t phn mm nmap t file rpm ( nmap-4.76-1.i386.rpm) SV3 thc thi chng trnh ny v cho bit n dng lm g. SV1 remove phn mm ny ra khi my. SV1 hoc SV2 login v dng quyn root shutdown h thng. Trc khi shutdown phi gi thng bo cho tt c mi ngi trn h thng.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

11. 12.

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Module 7: Qun L Process.Ni dung kin thc thc hnh: +c hiu cc thng tin v process +S dng lnh: ps, pstree, kill, killall, fg, bg, nice, renice

, jobs

Bi 1:Mc ch: Qun l process

1. 3 sinh vin s dng chung 1 Linux server, login t 2 my tnh bng putty 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9.

Trn mi my m 2 terminal, login v i user ttcntt v sv tng ng . (SV1 s dng user1, SV2 s dng user2 v SV3 s dng user3) . Cho bit tn lnh no tn g ng vi cc process ca user hin ti (gi s ang s dng terminal ca tcntt). Cho bit process no c trng thi l runable, process no c tr ng thi l sleep. Dng ps h in th tt c cc process ang thc thi trong h thng theo dng y thng tin . Cho bit PID ca lnh ps va mi thc thi? Lit k theo m hnh cy cc process t tin ca lnh ps ny. Cho bit process no l gc ca lnh ps ny? Cho bit dch v v bluetooth c c khi ng trn my tnh hin ti cha? Nu c, cho bit thng tin v priority v nice ca process ny. M mt terminal mi, login vi root. Cho bit cc process no v bao nhiu process c thc hin t ti kho n ttcntt , root v sv1. Cho bit h thng ang s dng b nh nh th no: bao nhiu Ram, swap (tng cng v cn d). Cho bit cc process no s dng nhiu b nht nht. Lit k danh sch cc process thuc user hin hnh. To lnh f l b danh ca lnh find dng tm theo tn file trong h thng tnh t th mc gc /. Dng lnh f tm file ttcntt.txt . Trong qu trnh ang tm, cho dng process ny. Dng lnh kill vi signal SIGTERM hy process ny. Kim tra bng lnh ps xem th process ny cn hot ng hay khng? Dng lnh kill, killall hay pkill dng process ny vi signal no? Kim tra bng lnh ps. Dng lnh kill hy terminal hin ti. Dng lnh killall tt c cc bash shell hin ti.

Bi 2:Mc ch: Remote login vo Linux s dng putty

1. 3 sinh vin s dng chung 1 Linux server, login t 2 my tnh bng putty. 2. To th mc /ttcntt v phn quyn 3 sinh vin c th xem, xa sa trong thmc . To script (tn l loop.sh) hin th danh sch c c user ang login vo my tnh, v c 10 giy th hin th danh sch ny mt ln. Lu script ny vo th m c ni trn. 3. Mi thc thi script ni trn. Sau cho dng script, ri chuyn li foreground. Cho dng script ny, v chuyn v background. Thot lnh ny. Cho bit cc process ang thc hin background bng lnh g? 4. Mi SV thc hin gi lnh loop.sh cu trn ny dng backgound, sau chuyn v foreground. Mi SV t hy lnh ny c a SV khc , theo th t nh

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sau: SV1 hy lnh loop.sh ca SV2, SV2 hy ca SV3, v SV3 hy c a SV1. M t cch hy process loop.sh ca chnh xc user cn h y. Sau khi h y xong, gi thng tin sinh vin tng ng xc nhn vic hy thnh cng. 5. Gi li script ni trn vi gi tr nice l 3. Dng lnh ps kim tra gi tr nice v priority ca process ny. Tng nice t 3 ln 6. Kim tra li gi tr nice v priority. Gim gi tr nice 5 n v. 6. Cc SV xem gi h thng hin ti. Mi SV to mt at daemon dng li t k: (danh sch cc process ang thc hin ca mnh ) v (danh sch cc file, th mc ti v tr ~) vo file reportSv_X.txt ti th mc /ttcntt. Sau kim tra li ni dung file ny ca mnh v cc SV cn li . Thm mt at daemon dng t ng gi email sau 2 pht n tt c user khc vi Subject l Mail t ng t at daemon , khng replay :+ tn sinh vin, message l s thch ca Sv . c email ca mnh kim tra cc SV khc c thc hin c khng. 7. Mi SV to mt cron daemon dng : a. C 1 pht li gi email n 2 user cn vi emial Subject l Mail t ng t cron service, khng replay:+ tn sinh vin, message l s in thoi ca mnh . b. C 1 gi li thc hin backup ton b file trong th mc ~ ca mnh vo th mc /backup (nu cha c th to) c. (i vi root) C 1 ngy phi xa tt c ni dung bn trong th mc /tmp

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Module 8:

SHELL SCRIPT

Ni dung kin thc thc hnh: + Hiu v nm vng cu trc shell - script +S dng lnh shell script thc hin cc bi tp cn bn

nng cao

Bi 1:Mc ch :

-

S dng mt s lnh c b n, ng dng vit mt s shell- script

1. Vit shell-script thc hin cc yu cu sau :- Hin th chui y l chng trnh script s 1 - Hin th ngy thng hm nay v thi gian ti thi im hin ti 2. S dng lnh read. Vit shell script thc hin yu cu sau: - Nhp vo 2 s a , b. Xut ra kt qu a + b, a b, a * b, a / b.

3. Vit Script thc hin yu cu sau, s dng if then - Nhp vo 2 s a, b. Xut ra kt qu Max(a, b), Min(a, b) 4. Thm ng dn tuyt i TH MC cha Shell Script vo PATH

Bi 2:Mc ch :

- Vit Shell Script s dng tham s dng ./Script_name i_s_1 i_s_2 1. Thm ng dn tuyt i TH MC cha Shell Script vo PATH 2. Vit Script thc thi dng Sum2 a b tnh tng 2 s a b (a, b l i s cho trc khi thc thi Script) - V d: Sum2 3 6 => Kt qu = 9 3. Tng t yu cu 2, vit Script thc hin cc php ton Tr, Nhn, Chia 2 s. 4. Vit Script thc thi dng Max2 a b a ra kt qu Max(a, b) vi a, b l cc i s cho trc khi thc thi Script - V d: Max2 -4 8 => Kt qu = 8 5. Tng t yu cu 3, Vit Script cho Min2(a, b).

Bi 3:Mc ch :

1. 2. 3. 4.

S dng cu trc if-elif (cu trc if lng nhau)

Vit Script nhp vo 3 s a, b, c => a ra kt qu Max(a, b, c). Vit Script nhp vo 3 s a, b, c => a ra kt qu Min(a, b, c). Vit Script thc thi dng ./Max3 a b c => a ra kt qu ca Max(a, b, c). Vit Script thc thi dng ./Min3 a b c => a ra kt qu ca Min(a, b, c).

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Bi 4:Mc ch :

-

S dng vng lp hile do done

1. Vit Script nhp vo 1 s nguyn n > 1. Tnh tng 1 + 2 + + n. 2. Tng t yu cu 1, nhng vit theo dng thc thi ./Tng n vi n l s nguyn dng cho trc. 3. Vit Script tnh tng 1 dy s nhp vo t bn phm, kt thc bng s 0. - V d: dy nhp vo 2 -2 4 -2 5 0 => kt qu = 7

Bi 5:Mc ch :

-

Dng Script to cy th mc v thc hin Backup d liu

1. Vit Script to cy th mc sau

/root

DH

CD

TCCN

TCN

Network

Prog

2. Vit Shell Script thc hin : - Xa ton b d liu trong th mc /mnt - Backup d liu folder /root/TCCN vo /mnt , t tn file backup : backup.tar

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Baitap Linux CoBan

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