1.1. Tng quan v phn mm lingo Khi nim v quy hoch tuyn tnhQuy hoch tuyn tnh l mt m hnh ton hc dng tm gi tr nh nht hoc ln nht ca mt hm tuyn tnh theo mt s bin cho trc,tha mn mt s hu hn cc rng buc c biu din bng h phng trnh v bt phng trnh tuyn tnh, n c th gii quyt nhiu vn lin quan n qu trnh sn xut. Cc thnh phn chnh ca mt bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh: Bin: biu din cc i lng m ta c th iu chnh. Mc ch ca bi ton l tm cc gi tr ca cc bin cho gi tr hm mc tiu t ti u Hm mc tiu: l biu thc ton hc, lin kt cc bin biu th mc tiu cn t ti u. Cc rng buc: l cc ng thc hay cc bt ng thc th hin gii hn ca cc phng n c th, hoc gii hn gi tr ca cc bin. Cc dng c bn ca quy hoch tuyn tnh: Dng chnh tc: Cc rng buc dng ng thc. Tm gi tr ti u :x* = [ x1 *, x 2 *,..., x n *]

sao cho hm mc tiu:Z = c.x = ci xi maxi =1 n

Vi cc rng buc: Ax = b x 0

Dng chun: Cc rng buc dng bt ng thc.

Tm gi tr ti u :x* = [ x1 *, x 2 *,..., x n *]

sao cho hm mc tiu:

Z = c.x = ci xi maxi =1

n

Vi cc rng buc Ax b x 0

Chuyn i bi ton t dng chun sang dng chnh tc:

Thm vo bin ph:w = [ x n +1 *, x n + 2 *,..., x n + m *]

Vi cc rng bucAx b Ax + Ew = b

ng dng ca quy hoch tuyn tnh: Quy hoch tuyn tnh c s dng nhiu trong cng nghip. Xc nh cc hp kim trong cng nghip luyn kim Ti u ha nhng hn hp trong cng nghip thc phm Ti u ha sn xut trong cng nghip t Ti u ha s cung cp, s sn xut v s phn phi trong cng nghip lc du. V c rt nhiu ng dng khc na: vn c bit trong vn chuyn ,cc vn v ti chnh...

Quy hoch tuyn tnh trong lc du Yu cu v ti u ha trong nh my lc du:a phn cc nh my lc du u c s hu bi nhiu cng ty khc nhau, lin kt vi nhau trong nhiu hot ng nh thm d, khai thc, mua bn, lc du, ha du Tt c cc cng vic ny din ra rt phc tp ,cng nh phn ln cc nh my cng nghip trong mi trng cnh tranh, nh my lc du cn phi ti a ha li nhun trong qu trnh sn xut.

lm c iu ny, cn phi ti a gi tr marge ca n, c ngha l, s khc nhau gia s thu v bn nhng sn phm c sn xut, n ph thuc vo: Vic mua nguyn liu ban u: du th v cc nguyn liu khc.Du th chim phn ln trong chi ph u vo ca nh my lc du, do vic la chn hn hp du th x l nh hng rt ln n li nhun thu c.C rt nhiu la chn trong vic mua du th, c th mua theo hp dng di hn vi cc nh cung cp ln hay mua ngay ngoi th trng du m, cc phng n vn chuyn du t ni mua v nh my cng c xem xt n. Gi vn hnh: Chi ph c nh (nhn cng, bo tr), chi ph bin i (sn phm ha hc, xc tc). Nhng c trng cho hot ng ca nh my lc du l nhng sn phm c sn xut t nhiu loi du th khc nhau. Vi nhng cng c x l v chuyn ha nhng nguyn liu du m , hp thnh nhng phn xng trong nh my lc du c in, n khng th sn xut ch mt loi sn phm, chng hn nh l xng khng sn xut trong cng mt thi im v cch lm khng th trnh c mt s lng kt hp, nhiu hoc t ln, kh, gasole, fuel, Tt nhin quan h t l gia nhng sn phm sn xut cng ph thuc vo: S a dng ca nguyn liu c x l Nhng phn xng m bo c vic x l Nhng s iu chnh c th c ca cc phn xng Vi mt cng c cho, ton b nhng phn xng trong nh my lc du, v vin cnh ca th trng tiu th nhng sn phm khc nhau, nhng nh lc du s tm kim cng mt loi nguyn liu v cch thc x l n, t ti a li nhun. Ngi ta hiu rng c rt nhiu phng n chn la nguyn liu v cch thc x l c th t c nhng sn phm, nhng ngi ta bit rng, c ch ca quy hoch tuyn tnh c kh nng tm c, trong bi cnh kinh t c, mt li gii , v ch mt li gii ti u ha v chc nng kinh t. Bng cch: Chuyn ton b s vn hnh ca nh my lc du v nhng phng trnh tuyn tnh;

S dng phn mm tm ra gii php ti u v kinh t. Trong nh my lc du, cng vic ti u ha c t ra nhiu kha cnh: Ti thiu chi ph nhp du th Ti u ha vic pha trn cc loi du th x l Ti thiu nhng tiu chun quy nh cn phi tha mn Ti u ha tiu th nhin liu, ti thiu lng hao ht. Ti u ha qun l tn tr Ti a li nhun

Vi s hot ng rt rng v phc tp ca lnh lc lc du th cc nh my lc du cn phi s dng nhng cng c h tr cho vic ra quyt nh, chn ra t nhiu phng n mt phng n ti u sao cho li nhun thu c l cao nht. Quy hoch tuyn tnh l mt trong nhng cng c tuyt vi thc hin tt cng vic ny.

ng dng quy hoch tuyn tnh trong hot dng ca nh my lc duTrong cng nghip lc du, quy hoch tuyn tnh c p dng trong cc lnh vc: Thit k cu hnh c s ca nh my lc du La chn nh gi ngun du th nguyn liu Ln k hoch vn hnh di hn v ngn hn nh gi chi ph u t cho cc thit b trong quy trnh Qun l hot ng ca nh my lc du iu khin vic pha trn sn phm Qun l vic tn tr

M hnh quy hoch tuyn tnh c trng cho mt nh my lc duMt m hnh quy hoch tuyn tnh c trng cho mt nh my lc du cn c: D liu cu trc: Cu hnh nh my lc du, vi nhng m t chi tit v cc n v x l s cp v th cp, phn xng phi trn, nng lng v cc hng mc khc.

D liu bin i: Gi du th tng thi im, tr lng ca du th, gi bn sn phm, nhu cu ca th trng cho tng loi sn phm, kh nng sn xut ca cc phn xng x l, kh nng tn tr, cc quy nh v tiu chun, cht lng sn phm.

c trng ca mt m hnh quy hoch tuyn tnh cho nh my lc duHm mc tiu: ti a li nhun Li nhun = ( gi tr ca sn phm) - ( chi ph nguyn liu th)- (Chi ph vn hnh). Cc rng buc: Rng buc v nguyn liu: lng nguyn liu tn tr Rng buc v kh nng sn xut ti a ca cc phn xng Rng buc v tn tr: dung tch ca cc bn cha Rng buc v sn phm: nhng tiu chun quy nh v cht lng sn phm Rng buc v tiu th nng lng

Gii thiu v phn mm LingoPhn mm lingo l mt chng trnh h tr vic gii cc bi ton ti u trong quy hoch tuyn tnh mt cch kh hiu qu, cho ra kt qu nhanh chng. Lingo bao gm cc tnh nng chnh sau y: Lingo h tr mnh m, thit lp da trn ngn ng m hnh, cho php ngi s dng din t cc m hnh ton hc mt cch hiu qu v cht ch. Lingo qun l d liu ca bn rt linh hot, n cho php bn xy dng nhng m hnh m n ly thng tin mt cch trc tip t c s d liu hoc t bng tnh. Tng t nh vy, Lingo c th cung cp ng thng tin ca gii php vo c s d liu hay bng tnh gip bn d dng to ra cc bn bo co. Bn c th xy dng v gii quyt cc m hnh bn trong Lingo, hoc bn c th gi Lingo trc tip t ng dng bn vit. pht trin cc m hnh lp, Lingo cung cp mt mi trng y cc m hnh xy dng, gii quyt v phn tch nhng m hnh ca bn. Lingo c th c gi trc tip t Macro trn Excel hay t mt ng dng c s d liu. Lingo hin ti tp hp nhng v d cho nhng chng trnh nh C/C++, FORTRAN, Java, C#.NET, VB.NET, ASP.NET, Visual Basic, Delphi, v Excel.

Cc bc cn tin hnh khi gii bi ton ti u bng phn mm LingoM hnh ha qu trnh sn xut Xc nh cc bin v cc rng buc Xy dng ma trn ca bi ton trn bng tnh Excel Khai bo cc mng cha bin, cc kiu rng buc, RSH v cc h s ca bi ton Lin kt d liu gia Excel v Lingo Gii ti u bng Lingo v trao i kt qu

XY DNG M HNH NH MY

C s qu trnh m hnh ha s hot ng ca nh my lc duNh my lc du thc hin ba hot ng chnh: Hot ng phn tch: du th c to t hn hp phc tp gm rt nhiu cc hp cht, phn ln l hydrocacbon. thu c cc sn phm du m p ng c cc tiu chun k thut thng mi, u tin cn phi thc hin mt qu trnh phn ring du m nguyn khai thnh nhiu phn on khc nhau. Qu trnh chng ct cho php phn on du th thnh cc phn on khc nhau nh kh du m ha lng LPG, xng, kerosene, gasoil, fuel oil Hot ng chuyn ha: nng cao cht lng sn phm (qu trnh x l bng hydro, reforming, isome ha ), tng hiu sut thu sn phm (FCC). Hot ng phi trn: cho ra cc sn phm p ng cc tiu chun v cht lng (Xng, DO, FO, JetA1 ). Hot ng nhp-Xut. Mc ch ca m hnh ha: D dng xc nh cc bin ca bi ton. Xc nh cc dng bn sn phm v sn phm ca nh my.

M hnh ha hot ng phn tch v chuyn haQu trnh chng ct -Nguyn liu: Du th 1 v Du th 2.

RG

LG LN HN CDU DT1 GO1 VGO VR1 KE

RG

LG LN HN CDU DT2 GO2 VGO VR2 KE

Phn xng chuyn ha: Phn xng Isome ha (nguyn liu :Naphta nh)

RG

LN-ISO ISOME ISO

Phn xng reforming (Nguyn liu: Naphta nng)RG LG

HN-R95 REFORMING REF 95 R95

RG LG

HN-R100 REFORMING REF 95 R100

Phn xng FCC (nguyn liu: VGO)

RG FCC

u (km theo trong phtiu l:DT1. cp: HS3SG3. -GOMR100-SP98,CN-SP98VGO-FCC1

LG CN

CGO

RG FCC

u (km theo trong phtiu l:DT1. cp: HS3SG3. -GOMR100-SP98,CN-SP98VGO-FCC2

LG CN

CGO

Phn xng kh lu hunh (hiu sut kh :97%S)RG

GO1-DS DS DSG1

RG

GO2-DS DS DSG2

RG

GO3-DS DS DSG3

Nng lng ni b15.2 Kt FO FO-NB RG-NB LG-NB LN-NB NANG LUONG FO 1.3 TAN FO 1.2 TAN FO 1.1 TAN FO

Hot ng phi trn Kh ha lng:

LG LG

Naphtha nh (LN)

LN LN

Xng super (SP 98)

C4-SP98 LN-SP98 ISO-SP98 R95-SP98 R100-SP98 CN-SP98

SP98

Xng thng (SP 95)

C4-SP95 LN-SP95 ISO-SP95 R95-SP95 R100-SP95 CN-SP95

SP95

Jet A1Jet A1-F1

Jet A1 Jet A1-F2

GOM

KE-GOM GO1-GOM GO2-GOM CGO-GOM DSG1-GOM DSG2-GOM DSG3-GOM GOM

FOCGO-FO

VR1-FO FO VR2-FO

Xy dng cu trc bin v cc rng buc Cu trc bin-Bin phn tch:DT1, DT2. -Bin chuyn ha: Isome ha: LN-ISO. Reforming: HN-R95,HN-R100. FCC:VGO-FCC1, VGO-FCC2. Kh S: GO1-DS, GO2-DS,CGO-DS. Nng lng ni b: FO-NB,RG-NB,LG-NB,LN-NB. -Bin phi trn: LPG: LG-LPG Naphta nh: LN_HD Xng super (SP98): C4-SP98, LN-SP98,ISO-SP98,R95-SP98,R100-SP98,

CN-SP98 Xng thng (SP95): C4-SP95, LN-SP95,ISO-SP95,R95-SP95,R100-SP95, CN-SP95 Jet A1: Jet A1-F1, Jet A1-F2. GOM: KE-GOM,GO1-GOM,GO2-GOM,DSG1-GOM,DSG2-GOM,DSG3GOM,CGO-GOM. FO: CG-FO,VR1-FO,VR2-FO. -Bin Nhp-Xut. Nhp: HN-IMP,VGO-IMP,SP95-IMP,JETA1-IMP,GOM-IMP,FO-IMP. Xut: SP95-EXP, JETA1-EXP,GOM-EXP,FO-EXP. Cu trc cc rng buc - Rng buc bn sn phm(RHS=0) Distillate: RG,LG,LN,HN,KE,GO1,GO2,VGO,VR1,VR2. Transformate: ISO,R95,R100,CN,CGO,DSG1,DSG2,DSG3. -Rng buc sn phm v nng lng ni b(RHS 0) LG,LN,SP98,SP95.JETA1,GOM,FO,NB -Cht lng sn phm-lu tr v cung cp: Rng buc ti a: TVSP95Max, TVSP98Max, C4SP98,C4SP95,%S-GOM,IV-FOMax, ,Distilate,Reforming,FCC, DS, DT1. Rng buc ti thiu: TVSP95Min, TVSP98Min,Ron98,Ron95,IV-FOMin, Reforming95, DT2. ,

Phi trn cc bn sn phmSn phm cui lin quan n tiu chun sn phm: Cc rng buc Max, Min ca cc tnh cht vt l.

Cc tiu chun sn phm phi tha mn yu cu khch hng hoc cc tiu chun nh nc. Sn phm cui ca nh my lc du: phi trn t cc bn sn phm Phng php d on cc tnh cht ca sn phm phi trn

(Q1) Z1 Z2 Z3 (Q2) (Q3) Sn phm cui Z (Q)

Z: S lng cc bn sn phm v cc sn phm cui (th tch hoc khi lng) Q : Tnh cht cn kho st hoc cc gi tnh cht Mt sn phm P c tnh cht Q thu c t s phi trn ca I bn sn phm c th tch vi v c tnh cht qi. S phi trn ny tun theo quy tc trn ln theo th tch:

q v Q= vi i i i

i

Nu Q S max :

q v vi i i i

i i

S max

qi vi S max vi (q i S max ) vi 0i i

S phi trn ny tun theo quy tc trn ln v khi lng

d (qi i

i

S max ) vi 0

vCng thc m rng :

i

qi vi S m ax V

v V = 0, q v S m a x V 0i i i

Xy dng ma trn ca bi ton ti u trn bng tnh Excel Cu trc ma trn ca bi ton thng gpCu trc ma trn ca bi ton thng gp

Cu trc bin Gi tr cc bin Du Cn bng sn phm v bn sn phm RSH

Rng buc khng ch cht lng

Cc rng buc c bit

Rng buc v kh nng sn xut, lu tr HM KINH T (MC TIU)

Phng php khai bo v lin kt d liu vi Excel MODEL: SETS: Ban_SP :Zero; SP_NB :Nhu_cau; RB_min :GT_min; RB_max :GT_max; Ten_bien :GT_bien,Chi_phi;

LINKS1(Ban_SP,Ten_bien) :VOLUME1; LINKS2(SP_NB,Ten_bien) :VOLUME2; LINKS3(RB_min,Ten_bien) :VOLUME3; LINKS4(RB_max,Ten_bien) :VOLUME4; ENDSETS MIN=@SUM(Ten_bien(J):GT_bien(J)*Chi_phi(J)); @FOR(Ban_SP(I): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME1(I,J)*GT_bien(J))=Zero(I)); @FOR(SP_NB(K): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME2(K,J)*GT_bien(J))=Nhu_cau(K)); @FOR(RB_min(L): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME3(L,J)*GT_bien(J))>=GT_min(L)); @FOR(RB_max(M): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME4(M,J)*GT_bien(J))