Bài Giảng Công Nghệ Đóng Mới Tàu Thủy - Nguyễn Văn Hân

TRng i hc hng hi VIT NAM Khoa ng tu

B mn kt cu tu & cng trnh ni Bin son : Nguyn Vn Hn - Ng Hng Qun

THNG 02 nm 2007

bi gingbi gingbi gingbi ging Cng nghCng nghCng nghCng ngh ng mi ng mi ng mi ng mi tu thutu thutu thutu thu

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Chng 1 : KHI QUT V CNG NGH NG TU V NH MY NG TU 1 1.1 Qu trnh thi cng ng mi 1 1.2 Phn loi nh my ng tu 2 1.3 Phn loi phn xng ca nh my ng tu 2 1.4 Chn a im nh my ng tu 3 1.5 S b tr cc phn xng trong nh my 3 1.6 Nhng vn c bn khi thit k phn xng gia cng chi tit 4 Chng 2 PHNG DNG 5 2.1 Phng php phng dng 5 2.2 Sn phng dng c in 6 2.3 V tuyn hnh tu 6 2.4 Dng v khai trin cc ng cong dng v 8 2.5 Khai trin bn thnh cc c cu bn trong thn tu 8 2.6 Khai trin tn v bao 9 Chng 3 LM DNG, LY DU V CHUN B NGUYN VT LIU 10 3.1 Lm dng 10 3.2 Ly du 10 3.3 Chun b v x l vt liu 11 Chng 4 CC PHNG PHP THI CNG NG MI 12 4.1 Nguyn tc phn chia tu thnh cc phn, tng on 12 4.2 Cc phng php lp rp thn tu trn trin 12 4.3 Cc phng php t chc thi cng ng mi 14 Chng 5 GIA CNG CH TO CHI TIT 15 5.1 Phn loi nhm chi tit 15 5.2 Cng ngh ct kim loi 15 5.3 Cng ngh un tn v thp hnh 16 Chng 6 QUY TRNH LP RP V HN CM CHI TIT 18 6.1 Phn loi cm chi tit theo nhm 18 6.2 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cm chi tit thanh 18 6.3 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cm chi tit khung 19 6.4 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cm chi tit tm 19

Chng 7 QUY TRNH LP RP V HN PHN ON 29 7.1 Thit b lp rp phn on 20 7.2 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cc phn on phng 21 7.3 Quy trnh lp rp v hn phn on khi 23 Chng 8 QUY TRNH LP RP V HN TNG ON 24 8.1 Thit b lp rp tng on 24 8.2 Quy trnh lp rp v hn tng on t cc phn on 24 8.3 Quy trnh lp rp v hn tng on mt 25 Chng 9 QUY TRNH LP RP V HN THN TU TRN TRIN 26 9.1 Lp rp thn tu t cc tng on 26 9.2 Kim tra cht lng ng hn v th kn nc 26 9.3 Sn tu 27 Chng 10 H THU 29 10.1 Cc phng php h thu 29 10.2 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh h thu 29 10.3 Cc thit b h thu bng trt, mng trt 30 10.4 Cc phng php hn ch dch chuyn ca tu trong qu trnh h thu 31 10.5 Nhng s c c th xy ra trong qu trnh h thu tu 32 10.6 Quy trnh h thu tu trn trt mng trt 32

Ti liu tham kho

TRNG I HC HNG HI VIT NAM KHOA : NG TU

B MN : KT CU TU & CNG TRNH NI

BI GING : CNG NGH NG MI NGNH : NG TU THU H : CHNH QUI

Bin son: Nguyn Vn Hn Ng Hng Qun Mobile: 0903.203877 0904.230693 Email: [email protected]

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CHNG 1 KHI QUT V CNG NGH NG TU V NH MY NG TU

1.1 QU TRNH THI CNG NG MI

1.1.1 Nhng yu cu khi thit k thi cng ng mi. 1.1.2 Qu trnh thi cng ng mi :

Hnh 1.1: S qui trnh thi cng ng mi





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1.2 PHN LOI NH MY NG TU

1.2.1 Phn loi theo vt liu ng tu gm : Nh my ng tu v thp. Nh my ng tu v g. Nh my ng tu v xi mng li thp. Nh my ng tu v hp kim nhm. Nh my ng tu v bng cht do (compozit)

1.2.2 Phn loi theo vng hot ng ca tu : Nh my ng tu chy bin (tu vin dng). Nh my ng tu chy sng h (tu ni a). Nh my ng tu chy h.

1.2.3 Phn loi theo phng php t chc sn xut : Nh my ng tu tng hp : Thc hin vic thi cng lp rp phn v tu v cc

thit b trn tu. C kh nng gia cng c mt s loi thit b cn cc thit b khc do ch tu cp hoc mua theo ch nh ca ch tu. Cc nh my ng tu Vit Nam a s u p dng theo phng thc sn xut ny.

Nh my ng tu lin hp : Phi lin hp vi cc nh my khc hon thnh vic ng mi mt con tu. Ti cc nc c ngnh cng nghip ng tu pht trin nh Nht Bn, Hn Quc u p dng phng thc sn xut ny, thi gian u trn trin rt xung rt ngn (7-10 ngy). Phng thc ny i hi trnh k thut cao, s dng cc phn mm m phng 3D v ng tu theo phng php Module.

1.3 PHN LOI PHN XNG CA NH MY NG TU

1.3.1 Cc phn xng chnh. Phn xng gia cng chi tit. Phn xng lp rp v hn phn on, tng on (phn xng v 1, 2 v.v...) Phn xng trin . Phn xng c kh (phn gia cng c kh). Phn xng my in. Phn xng trang tr (lm sch, sn, mc). Phn xng c, rn.

1.3.2 Cc phn xng ph. Phn xng dng c. Phn xng sa cha my mc trong nh my. Phn xng sa cha in ca nh my. Phn xng xy dng sa cha nh ca, kho tng trong nh my.

1.3.3 Cc b phn phc v. Kho chnh. B phn vn chuyn. B phn m bo nng lng : in nng, kh t . . .

Tu theo mc ca tng nh my m c cu cc phn xng chnh, phn xng ph v cc b phn phc v s khc nhau. Nh my cng ln th s phn chia chc nng ca cc phn xng cng chi tit v s lng phn xng trong nh my cng nhiu.





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1.4 CHN A IM NH MY NG TU

1.4.1 iu kin v mt a hnh . a hnh phi thun li cho tu ra vo, cng ca a tng ln nht ng thi

mch nc ngm thp nht (di 2m). a hnh ni b tr phn xng phi tng i bng phng, nghing u v khu vc h thu, nghing nh v khu vc cao trnh ngp nc vo ma ma hoc khi nc thu triu ln. 1.4.2 iu kin v lung lch.

Chiu rng v chiu su lung lch ti nh my phi c tho mn h thu cc c tu d kin s c ng ti nh my. Nu trn lung tu vo nh my c cc cu ngang lung th cng phi ch m bo chiu cao cc loi tu s ng ti nh my.

Nu nh my chn phng n h thu dc th chiu rng lng sng phi ln hn t (2 2.5) L ( L l chiu di con tu ln nht s ng ti nh my).

Nu nh my chn phng n h thu ngang th chiu rng lng sng phi ln hn t nht 4B (B l chiu rng con tu ln nht s ng ti nh my) v mc nc ca dng sng phi m bo h thu c 4 ma trong nm. 1.4.3 Cc iu kin phc v sn xut.

Ngun nguyn vt liu cng nh ng ti in, kh gas, ng dn nc v cc yu cu khc phi c m bo cung cp y v nhanh nht.

iu kin sinh hot cho ngi lao ng phi thun li, gn cc khu cng nghip, gn ng giao thng, nh my cn thp, nh my sn. . . c bit l gn cng c th c nhng hp ng sa cha thun li i vi nhng con tu ra vo cng.

Din tch nh my c xc nh theo kh nng cng sut ca nh my hoc theo s lng cng nhn .

1.5 S B TR CC PHN XNG TRONG NH MY

1.5.1 Yu cu b tr cc phn xng. Phi chia ton b a phn nh my thnh cc vng khc nhau. Ti mi vng cn

b tr cc phn xng c cng c tnh sn xut, ging nhau v iu kin phng chng chy n v v sinh nh cc khu vc cha g, khu vc phn my, khu vc phn v . . .

V tr cc phn xng, nh ca ca phn xng, trang thit b ca phn xng phi p ng yu cu ca qu trnh cng ngh.

Cc phn xng ph, kho tng, thit b cung cp nng lng phi c b tr gn nhng phn xng sn xut m chng phc v.

Khong cch gia cc nh xng phi m bo yu cu phng chng chy n v yu cu v sinh mi trng.

ng di chuyn nguyn vt liu phi thng nht v ngn nht. ng giao thng phi ngn nht v khng nn ct ngang ng di chuyn vt liu. 1.5.2 S b tr nh xng, phn xng trong nh my : 1.5.2.1 B tr s theo hng dc : 1.5.2.2. B tr s theo hng ngang :





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1.6 NHNG VN C BN KHI THIT K PHN XNG GIA CNG CHI TIT

1.6.1 V tr b tr phn xng. 1.6.2 Din tch phn xng. 1.6.3 Tnh khi lng hng nm ca phn xng.

Khi lng hng nm ca phn xng c tnh ton theo khi lng st thp c gia cng trong mt nm. y l mt i lng c bn tnh s lng cng nhn, s lng my mc thit b v din tch mt bng ca phn xng.

Ngi ta da vo nh mc tng hp c c rt kinh nghim t nhiu nm ng cc loi tu khc nhau.

T trng lng tu khng ca tu ta s xc nh c tng thi gian cn thit ng mt con tu.

Nh vy khi bit c tng trng lng tn st thp ca con tu ta s s b tnh theo c thi gian tiu chun cn thit cho phn xng gia cng chi tit v thi gian tiu chun cho cc phn xng khc. T nhng s liu tnh ton ta c th b tr lc lng cng nhn, s lng thit b v din tch mt bng ca tng phn xng.

nh gi hiu qu sn xut ca phn xng, ngi ta da vo cc ch tiu kinh t k thut tng i sau y :

+ S lng st thp c gia cng ti phn xng trong thi gian 1nm tnh cho 1 m2 mt bng phn xng - Thng l 2 4 Tn/1m2.

+ S lng st thp c gia cng trong 1 nm tnh bnh qun cho mt cng nhn. Thng l 90 130 T/1 ngi th.

+ Thi gian cn thit gia cng cho 1 tn thp thnh phm. Ch tiu ny nh gi mc cng ngh, s hon thin v t chc sn xut ca phn xng.

+ Din tch mt bng ca phn xng tnh cho mi thit b hoc cho mi cng nhn lm vic trong phn xng . 1.6.4 Tnh thit b my mc ca phn xng. 1.6.5 Tnh din tch mt bng phn xng.

Din tch sn xut gm: Din tch t my mc, thit b, ni lm vic ca cng nhn, li i li gia cc thit b, ch vt liu trc v sau gia cng, phn ny chim 60 70%

Din tch sn xut ph gm: din tch li i gia cc phn xng, din tch kho, din tch khu vc cp in, ni lm vic cho cng nhn sa cha my, phn ny chim 30 40%





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CHNG 2 PHNG DNG

2.1 PHNG PHP PHNG DNG

2.1.1 Mc ch ca vic phng dng. 2.1.2 Cc phng php phng dng 2.1.2.1 Phng php phng dng c in. 2.1.2.2 Phng php phng dng quang hc. a. c im :

Phng php phng dng quang hc c nhim v phng dng ng hnh dng thn tu, khai trin cc chi tit kt cu thn tu t l 1:10 hoc 1:5 trn sn phng hoc trn giy; sau tin hnh chp nh trn phim vi t l 1:100 ln cc phim knh kh 9x12 cm hoc 6x15 cm. Sau ra phim v dng n chiu chuyn dng phng i cc hnh nh cc chi tit thnh kch thc thc 1: 1 ln trn mt vt liu cn ly du hoc tin hnh lp bng to sau a ln mt vt liu ct. b. Yu cu :

Theo tiu chun ca cc nh my ng tu v ng kim c. u nhc im :

Rt ngn c chu k thit k v chun b sn xut do c th phng dng vi t l 1: 10 ngay trong phng thit k.

Din tch sn phng nh, gn khng qu ph thuc vo kch thc ca con tu c ng do b c nh kho cha dng, b b phn vch du c in.

Gim c cng lao ng, tng nng sut cng vic. Tit kim c nguyn vt liu, cng vn chuyn. chnh xc cao do iu kin lm vic tt, phm vi nh d so snh v lin h

cc phn vi nhau. i hi phi u t thit b rt tn km.

2.1.2.3 Phng php phng dng bng my tnh in t. a. c im :

Ngy nay, ngoi vic thit k tu thu bng my tnh in t, ngi ta bt u s dng my tnh in t vo cng vic phng dng v khai trin tn v cc c cu thn tu. Trong nc hin ang p dng cc phn mm Autoship, Auto Structure, Tribon, CadMatic cc phn mm ca Canada, Nauy, Nht, Trung Quc . . . b. u nhc im :

T ng ho vic v ng hnh dng, v cc bn v chi tit kt cu thn tu v lp cc phiu ct ti u thng qua cc chng trnh iu khin.

Ri tn bao thn tu bng phng php s hc, d chia thnh cc file ct ring l sp xp tt u file ct cho tit kim nguyn vt liu.

Tnh ton chnh xc v nhanh chng to ca cc im trn ng hnh dng ca cc kt cu dc v ng bao ca cc chi tit khung xng v tu.

D dng chuyn t bn v CAD sang cc my ct CNC. Phng php ny cho chnh xc rt cao nhng i hi phi u t rt nhiu

v thit b v phn mm. Khi phng dng bng phng php ny vic kim tra phng dng l khng cn thit.





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2.2 SN PHNG DNG C IN

2.2.1 Yu cu. Phi t gn phn xng gia cng chi tit ( thng t trn tng 2 ca phn

xng gia cng chi tit vi chiu cao 3.5m.). Ni lm vic ca sn phng dng phi m bo c nh sng t nhin, phi

m bo thong mt v ma h v m p v ma ng, m bo iu kin phng chy cha chy.

Din tch sn phng dng phi v 3 hnh chiu. Thng thng din tch sn phng tnh theo cng thc A = ( 1,2 1,3 ) A0 trong A0 l tng din tch tri tuyn hnh con tu ln nht nh ng ti nh my.

2.2.2 Kt cu ca sn phng dng. Sn phng dng phi m bo bn chc, bng phng, nhn v t b bin dng do

nh hng ca thi tit, m bo cc tiu chun v gc nghing, li lm. kim tra nghing ngang ca mt sn, ngi ta dng ng thu bnh kt hp vi cc cc mc hoc dng my trc a, kim tra li lm ca mt sn, ngi ta dng ci lt g di thng.

Mt sn phng dng c th lm bng tn, bng g, bng cht do hoc cc tm hp kim nhm, c sn mt lp sn mu xm nht. Sau mi ln v xong cho mt con tu trnh nhm ln ngi ta li sn li.

Ngy nay nhiu nh my ngi ta khng lm sn phng dng bng g m lm bng cht do. Lp mt sn ny chu ma st tt v khng b nh hng ca thi tit v tt nhin gi thnh s cao. Thng cc nh my ng tu c nh th sn phng dng lm bng tn, hp kim nhm hoc bng cht do. 2.2.3 Dng c phng dng.

Thc vung gc ch T, thc thng, thc thp cun. Cc lt g mng u c tit din 30x20 mm; 40x80 mm v 40x100 mm. Compa c khu ln, dy bt. Qu ri. Cc vt (con cc). Cc dng c v nh bt ch, sn, phn v. v...

2.2.4 Mt s lu khi phng dng. C gng s dng t ng chun nht. Khi ly du nn s dng mt loi thc v ch nn mt ngi ly du. Nt v phi nh, trnh t i t li nhiu ln. Cc ng khc nhau dng cc loi mu khc nhau v. Ghi ch gii cc phn r rng.

2.3 V TUYN HNH TU

2.3.1 Yu cu. Th phng dng phi tht t m, cn thn, c trnh hiu bit v hnh dng v

kt cu tu. 2.3.2 C s v tuyn hnh tht trn sn phng dng :

Bn v tuyn hnh ca nh thit k. cong dc v cong ngang boong ca tng loi tu.





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2.3.3 Nguyn tc chung khi phng dng V nguyn tc: Tt c cc ng v tuyn hnh tu l cc ng l thuyt.

ng l thuyt ca sng chnh y (boong) nm ng tm ca sng chnh . ng l thuyt ca ng sn chnh l n chn sn (giao tuyn gia tn

bao v sn). ng l thuyt ca cc c cu dc y (dc boong) c tnh t mt phng

dc tm n mp gn nht ca cc c cu . ng c bn l ng nm ngang i qua giao im ca sn gia v sng

chnh. ng l thuyt ca sng dc mn c tnh t mp di tn thnh sng dc

mn xung ti mt phng c bn. ng l thuyt ca y i, boong, sn c tnh t mp di ca tn y

i, tn boong, tn sn xung mt phng c bn. ng l thuyt ca cc c cu ngang ( ngang y, x ngang boong ) c

tnh t mt phng sn gia n mp gn nht ca cc c cu . Nu cc c cu ngang nm trng vi v tr mt phng sn gia th ng l

thuyt c tnh ti mp sau ca cc c cu . 2.3.4 Cc bc v tuyn hnh trn sn phng dng nh sau : 2.3.4.1 V mng :

mng c v tr rt quan trng. S chnh xc ca mng s a n kt qu chnh xc khi v cc ng cong hnh dng thn tu. Do khi v mng phi tht cn thn, t m v chnh xc. mng v tuyn hnh tu phi lu cc vn sau y : a. Yu cu :

sai lch cho php i vi chiu di gia hai ng vung gc mi v li, khong cch gia ng nc thit k v mt phng c bn, chiu rng ln nht, khong cch gia cc ng sn , ng nc, mt ct dc phi nm trong tiu chun cho php (cc tiu chun ca ng kim Vit Nam v IACS)

vung gc gia cc ng vung gc i vi cc ng c bn phi tuyt i chnh xc. vung gc c kim tra bng cch so snh di ca hai ng cho ca cc ch nht.

song song vi ng c bn c kim tra bng cch o khong cch ti cc im khc nhau hoc o ng cho ca hnh ch nht

b. Cch thc hin : V ng c bn (mn nc 0). V cc ng vung gc vi ng c bn ti 3 v tr. V ng mn nc cao nht v ng tm ca mt phng ng nc. V ng thng song song vi mt phng dc tm hnh chiu mt phng

sn gia. Ly du v v tt c cc ng sn l thuyt, ng sn kt cu (sn

thc), ng nc, mt ct dc khc trn cc mt chiu m chng l ng thng.

c. Phng php kim tra chnh xc ca mng li : 2.3.4.2 V ng bao thn tu : 2.3.4.3 V ng hnh dng trn mng li : 2.3.4.4 V sn thc ca tu : 2.3.5 Kim tra :





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2.4 DNG V KHAI TRIN CC NG CONG DNG V

2.4.1 Khai trin cc ng cong dng v nm song song vi mt trong 3 mt phng chiu.

Cc ng cong dng v nm song song vi mt trong ba mt phng c bn (v d cc sn thc, sng dc mn nm ngang, sng ph y, sng ph boong) th hnh dng tht c xc nh bng cch chiu cc ng cong vo hnh chiu m chng song song. 2.4.2 Khai trin cc ng cong dng v khng nm trong mt phng song song vi mt trong 3 mt phng chiu.

Tham kho ti liu [3] v [1]

2.5 KHAI TRIN BN THNH C CU BN TRONG THN TU

Trong kt cu thn tu c rt nhiu chi tit l mt b phn ca mt phng nh ngang y, sng ph y, sng dc mn v.v... Sau y ta nu mt s phng php khai trin ca chng. 2.6.1 Khai trin tm tn bn thnh sng dc mn :

C 2 trng hp : mt l sng dc mn nm song song vi mt phng c bn (nm ngang) v hai l sng dc mn khng song song vi mt phng c bn (nm nghing). 2.6.1.1 Khi sng dc mn nm ngang.

Sng dc mn nm ngang song song vi mt phng ng nc, do vy xc nh kch thc thc v hnh dng thc ca tm tn thnh sng dc mn ta ch cn chiu xung mt phng ng nc c. 2.6.1.2 Khi sng dc mn nm nghing.

Tham kho ti liu [3] v [1] 2.6.2 Khai trin tm tn thnh sng ph y khng song song vi mt phng i xng.

Nu sng ph y song song vi mt phng dc tm th chiu vo mt phng dc tm l xc nh c hnh dng thc

Nu sng ph y khng song song vi mt phng dc tm tham kho ti liu [3] v [1]

Trong trng hp tm bn thnh sng ph y b xon (tc l cc tm bn thnh khng song song vi nhau) th tin hnh khai trin tng t nh khai trin tm sng hng sau y. 2.6.3 Khai trin tm tn sng hng. 2.6.3.1 Xc nh ng chun : 2.6.3.2 Tin hnh khai trin cc ng cong: (theo phng php thng thng) 2.6.3.3 V hnh dng thc ca tm tn: (da vo tng quan khong cch t ng mp trn, mp di tm tn ti ng chun)

Phng php khai trin ny l chnh xc nu vn ca tm tn sng hng l nh. Nu vn ln ta phi lm dng m hnh xc nh kich thc v hnh dng thc ca n.





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Tn bao tu thu c hnh dng rt phc tp. n gin nht l nhng tm tn phng nh tn mn, tn y khu vc phng cc tm tn ny khng cn phi khai trin v ta c th xc nh ngay kch thc thc ca chng. Loi n gin th hai l cc tm tn cong mt chiu c bn knh khng i nh cc tm tn hng vng on thn ng. Cc tm tn cn li c th tin hnh khai trin theo nhiu phng php. Cc phng php khai trin tn bao c th chia lm 2 loi :

Da vo mt ng gi l ng chun i dc theo tm tn v ct tt c cc ng sn trong phm vi tm tn.

Da vo cc ng cho gc. 2.6.1 Phng php khai trin tn bao ca k s -g-rp.

Phm vi p dng : Phng php khai trin tn bao ca k s -g-rp tng i n gin v thng c p dng nhiu. Nhng phng php ny ch p dng i vi cc tm tn c cong dc v ngang nh. Gi s chng ta cn khai trin tm tn bao t sn 41 n 45 nh hnh v. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau : 2.6.1.1 Xc nh ng chun : 2.6.1.2 Xc nh lch sn : a. Xc nh lch sn da vo thc chuyn dng

Hnh 2.1 : Xc nh lch sn bng thc chuyn dng b. Xc nh lch sn da vo hnh khai trin:

Hnh 2.2: Xc nh lch sn bng da vo hnh khai trin c. Xc nh lch sn gn ng (phng php dng bng tnh) 2.6.1.4 V hnh khai trin tm tn: 2.6.2 Phng php khai trin tn bao ca Trenacp. 2.6.3 Phng php khai trin ng trc a.





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CHNG 3 LM DNG, LY DU V CHUN B NGUYN VT LIU

3.1 LM DNG 3.1.1 Mc ch

Tt c cc kch thc cng nh hnh dng chi tit sau khi c phng dng hoc khai trin u c a ly du trn nguyn liu, gia cng chi tit, lp t v kim tra cc qu trnh gia cng . . . bng dng mu. 3.1.2 Phn loi

Dng o chiu di (cc lt g hoc thanh g). Dng phng. Dng khung. M hnh (mu).

3.1.3 Cch ch to. 3.1.3.1. Dng o chiu di : 3.1.3.2 Dng phng :

Phng php n gin nht l dng lt g : Phng php dng thit b v song song chuyn dng . Phng php dng inh l : Phng php dng tm tm nha c l hoc cc khung li kim loi.

3.1.3.3 Dng khung. 3.1.3.4 M hnh.

3.2 LY DU

3.2.1 Mc ch yu cu ca cng vic ly du. Ly du gia cng chi tit. Ly du kim tra. Ly du lp rp. Ly du phc v cho vic ch to phn, tng on thn tu. Ly du phc v qu trnh h thu

3.2.2 Cc hnh thc ly du. Ly du da vo sn phng Ly du da vo cc bn v Ly du ti ch ( Thng s dng trong cng ngh sa cha )

3.2.3 Cc phng php ly du. Ly du da vo bn v, sn phng, dng v m hnh. Ly du theo nh chiu

3.2.4 Dng c ly du. 3.2.5 Nguyn tc ly du

3.3 CHUN B V X L VT LIU

3.3.1 Xp kho nguyn vt liu 3.3.1.1 Thp tm hay nhm tm :

i vi thp tm hoc nhm tm c 2 phng n xp : xp ng v xp nm. a. Xp ng :





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b. Xp nm : 3.3.1.2 Thp hnh hoc nhm hnh : 3.3.1.3 Vn chuyn v bc xp trong kho nguyn liu : 3.3.2 Lm phng tn v thp hnh

Thng nguyn liu khi a v nh my u b cong vnh, li lm. Trc khi a i gia cng ta cn lm cho cc tm tn phng li, cc thp hnh thng u. Cho nn cng ngh lm phng tn v thp hnh c cc mc ch sau:

Loi tr cc vt li lm trn b mt tm do vic ngui khng ng u trong qu trnh nhit luyn, cn thp hoc do vic vn chuyn, bc xp.

Loi tr ng sut d cn li trong vt liu. Loi tr mt phn cc oxit st bm trn b mt tm boong khi tm sau mt

thi gian di nm ngoi tri. 3.3.3 Lm sch b mt vt liu

Vt liu c dng trong ch to cc c cu v tn v bao thn tu (thng c lm bng tn tm hoc thp hnh) trc khi a vo gia cng thng c s l theo qui trnh nh sau :

Lm tan bng tuyt trong thi gian ma ng (i vi nc c kh hu lnh). Lm sch cc cht bn trn tn tm. Lm phng. Sn lt bo v. Mc ch ca vic lm sch b mt vt liu trc khi a vo gia cng l loi

tr lp oxit st, du m v cc tp cht khc trn b mt nguyn vt liu. C 3 phng php lm sch b mt vt liu, l phng php c hc, phng

php ho hc v phng php nhit. 3.3.3.1 Cc phng php c hc a. Phng php th cng: b. Phng php phun ct: c. Phng php phun ht thp: 3.3.3.2 Phng php ho hc: 3.3.3.3 Phng php nhit.

Quy trnh cng ngh ca phng php nhit l : Lm sch bi bn s b (trong cng ngh sa cha) t nng b mt vt liu bng n oxy-axtylen c nhiu ngn. nh sch bng phng php th cng. Sn lt chng g.

3.3.3 Sn chng g Vic sn lt chng g sau khi lm sch l mt vic rt cn thit v bt buc. Nu

khng tin hnh sn lt th vt liu nhah chng b oxy ho li trong mi trng t nhin. Cht liu sn lt phi m bo mt s yu cu sau :

C th phun v kh trong vng vi pht. Sau khi kh phi to thnh mt lp bo v chc chn, khng b nt chn chim

Khng gy kh khn cho cc qu trnh cng ngh tip theo nh ct hi, hn v.v... Phi tng i bn trong sut thi gian ng tu v chu c nhng va p c hc trong khi vn chuyn, xp d hoc trong cc cng on sn xut.

Lp chng g khng c nh hng xu i vi cc lp sn tip theo.





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CHNG 4 CC PHNG PHP THI CNG NG MI

4.1 NGUYN TC PHN CHIA TU THNH CC PHN TNG ON

4.1.1 iu kin nh my. 4.1.1.1 Sc nng cn cu.

Sc nng cn cu ln s cho kch thc ca cc phn on, tng on ln, s lng phn on, tng on gim i, s bin dng trong qu trnh lp rp s gim, thi gian thi cng nhanh hn. 4.1.1.2 Mt bng v trang thit b.

Mt bng thi cng ln cho php b tr s lng ln k, khung dn lp rp l iu kin thi cng mt lc nhiu phn tng on, kch thc cc phn tng on c th ln.

Trang thit b hn, ct, lp rp . . . cng c kh ho, hin i ho s cho cht lng thi cng tt, rt ngn thi gian cng ngh. N cn quyt nh ti qui trnh lp rp, qui trnh hn ca cc phn tng on cng nh cc chi tit lin khp. 4.1.1.3 Trnh cn b k thut v cng nhn.

Khi phn chia kch thc cc phn tng on ln th i hi trnh cn b k thut v cng nhn c tay ngh cao. 4.1.2 c im kt cu ca tu. Khi phn chia phn, tng on phi cn nhc nhiu phng n. Phng n tt nht phi m sao cho chu k sn xut ngn nht, gim khi lng ngy cng, gim gi thnh xut xng, gim vn u t. t c iu ny phi thc hin cc iu kin:

Trng lng tt c cc phn on nh nhau. Thi gian lp rp v hn cc chi tit nh nhau. Thi gian lp rp v hn mi phn on nh nhau.

4.2 CC PHNG PHP LP RP THN TU TRN TRIN

4.2.1 Phng php lp rp thn tu trn trin t cc phn on. 4.2.1.1 Phng php hnh thp:

Thn tu c hnh thnh trn trin bt u t vic lp rp v hn hnh thp u tin, thng l khu vc gia thn tu. Vic to thp c tin hnh t gia ra hai pha v ln ti chiu cao mt boong. Sau a dn cc phn on t hai pha vo lp rp thnh cc hnh thp tip theo. Phng php ny gim c bin dng chung ca thn tu, vic lp rp n gin v thng c s dng ng cc con tu ln. 4.2.1.2. Phng php hnh o:

Theo phng php ny, cng mt lc ta lp rp cc phn on theo phng php hnh thp t 2, 3 n 4 khu vc theo chiu di tu. Sau tin hnh lp rp cc cm phn on li vi nhau. Phng php ny cho php tn dng ht chiu di ng trin v c th ng nhiu tu khc nhau trn trin, tuy nhin theo phng php ny s c kh khn trong khi lp rp cc khu vc li vi nhau v yu cu chnh xc rt cao. 4.2.1.3 Phng php xy tng: Trc ht lp t ton b cc phn on di cng dc theo chiu di thn tu sau n cc phn on mn, vch, cui cng l cc phn on boong, phn on mi, li....





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Phng php ny khc phc nhc im ca c hai phng php trn c v phm vi lm vic trong giai on u theo phng php hnh thp v kh khn trong vic lp rp cc c o cui cng theo phng php hnh o. Phng php ny hin ang c s dng rng ri trong vic ng mi tu c ln ti Vit Nam 4.2.2 Phng php tng on: Phng php ny c s dng rng ri thi cng hng lot cc con tu c trung v nh. Phng php ny va m bo din tch lm vic ln li m bo thi gian lp rp thn tu trn trin cho ti khi h thu trn trin ngn v gim c bin dng hn. Theo phng php ny, cc phn on c lp rp ti xng lp rp v hn, cng ti y cc phn on c ni ghp vi nhau thnh cc tng on ring bit hon chnh. Cc tng on ny c chuyn ra mt trin lp rp ton b thn tu. 4.2.3 Phng php lp rp tu t cc chi tit. (Lp p hoc nga) Theo phng php ny th thn tu hay tng on c hnh thnh bng cch lp rp theo th t cc chi tit bng phng php lp p hoc lp nga. Nhc im ca phng php ny l thi gian con tu nm trn trin kh lu v sai s trong thi cng ln, do vy n thng p dng vi cc tu c nh hoc tng on mi , ui cng nh cc c s ng tu c trang thit b th s. Trnh t chung ca phng php ny nh sau : 1. Phng dng 2. t ky 3. Ri tn y 4. Dng y i nu c hoc c cu y 5. Dng cc vch ngang, vch dc (nu c) 6. Dng sn t li n mi 7. Ghp tn mn vi sn 8. Lp cc c cu boong 9. Ri tn boong 10. Dng thng tng v lu 11. Lp h ng lc, cc trang thit b v sn tu 12. H thu 12. Lp t cc trang thit b v trang tr ni tht 13. Sn ton b tu 14. Th tu ti bn v th tu ng di 15. Bn giao tu. 4.2.3.1 Lp p:

u im l ca phng php ny l khung dn lp rp n gin, cc ng hn vi tn bao ca c cu phn ln l ng hn bng. Nhc im ca n l phi cu lt mi tip tc thi cng c v phi c bin php gim bin dng trc khi cu lt. 4.2.3.2 Lp nga: Nhc im l kt cu khung hn phc tp nht l cc tng on mi, ui cc ng hn cc v tr, t th phc tp, dn n cht lng khng tt.

u im l khng phi cu lt, chnh xc cao, thng p dng cho tu cao tc. 4.2.4 Phng php lp rp tu t cc Module

V c bn phng php ng tu theo module l vic lp rp con tu t cc tng on khi (Block) trn lp t sn cc trang thit b c nh. Cc cng on ch to phn tng on hon ton khng c g mi, nhng phi m bo chnh xc cao





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hn v lng d gia cng, v tr lp t h ngv c bit cc thit b trn tu c lp rp ngay t nhng cng on u. Do i hi nh my phi c iu kin c s vt cht t n mt trnh nht nh, ng b gia khu thit k cng ngh v thi cng, trnh ca ngi thphi c trang b cng ngh t ng ho nh trin khai tn v bng phn mm chuyn dng kt hp vi vic trang b cc trang thit b: cu ln nng c mt n v l module ln nht ca con tu c ng (thng trn 150 tn i vi tu c 15.000 DWT), my s ch tn, my hn ct t ng, bi lp rp tiu chun Ngoi hiu qu nng cao cht lng cng trnh, thay th dn lao ng th cng bng lao ng my mc c hiu qu kinh t cao phng php ny cn m bo an ton lao ng v hn ch c bnh ngh nghip cho ngi th.

Hnh 4.1: Lp rp tu theo phng php Module

4.3 CC PHNG PHP T CHC THI CNG NG MI

4.3.1 Phng php t sn xut dch chuyn. Theo phng php ny, con tu trong qu trnh lp rp trn trin c c nh.

Cc t cng nhn cng trang thit b sn xut c iu n hon thnh cc cng vic nht nh trong thi gian nht nh.

Loi vic, s cng nhn ca mi t khc nhau, nhng thi gian hon thnh phi nh nhau. Khi do m nhn mt loi cng vic, nn cht lng cng vic tt hn, d dng trang b cc dng c, thit b c gii ho. Do tu c c nh trong qu trnh lp rp nn khng cn cc thit b vn chuyn. Nhc im ca phng php ny l cng tc t chc sn xut kh phc tp v kh phn bit ranh gii cng vic gia t sn xut ny vi t sn xut khc. 4.3.2 Phng php t sn xut c nh.

Theo phng php ny, mi t cng nhn s c c nh ti mt v tr lm vic, con tu lp rp v c dch chuyn t v tr u n v tr cui trong dy truyn thi cng ng mi. Ti mi v tr, cc t cng nhn s hon thnh cc cng vic nht nh trong thi gian nht nh. Do vy phi c thit b vn chuyn con tu ti cc v tr khc nhau. N ch p dng vi phng tin nh, ng hng lot c iu kin vn chuyn t v tr ny n v tr khc.





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CHNG 5 GIA CNG CH TO CHI TIT

5.1 PHN LOI NHM CHI TIT

Chi tit l mt b phn kt cu khng th phn chia., thng c ch to bng cch gia cng cc tm hoc thp hnh bng dp, ct, un Cc chi tit kt cu thn tu c nhiu hnh dng phc tp, kch thc khc nhau. Do gia cng mt chi tit, nguyn liu phi qua nhiu nguyn cng khc nhau ca dy truyn cng ngh. c th t chc qu trnh gia cng mt cch hp l, cc chi tit kt cu c phn ra theo cc nhm cng ngh. Tu thuc vo c im ca tng nh my ng tu ngi ta c th phn nhm cng ngh theo nhiu cch khc nhau. Bng 5.1 sau y nu mt v d v cch chia cc chi tit theo cc nhm cng ngh.

Bng 5.1 : Phn loi cc chi tit kt cu theo nhm cng ngh Nhm Cc chi tit kt cu trong nhm

I Cc tm phng, ln nh y trong, y ngoi, tn mn, tn boong, vch, thng tng

II Cc tm cong mt chiu c th vch du v gia cng hon ton trc khi un nh tn y, tn mn, tn boong, tm gc kt cu thng tng

III Cc tm cong hai chiu, phi vch du s b trc khi un, sau khi un mi vch du quyt nh v gia cng tinh : cc tm phn mi, li

IV Cc chi tit c ct bi m ct hi hoc my ct hi c kh nh cc m hng, m boong, vch y, b my, sn chnh, sng ph V Cc chi tit gia cng thng nh gia cng vch, sn mn, x boong

VI Cc chi tit gia cng c bn knh cong ln nh : sn mn, x boong, sng ph, sn, hm ng trc

VII Cc chi tit gia cng c bn knh cong nh nh ng sn vng mi, li

5.2 CNG NGH CT KIM LOI

Trong cng ngh ng tu thng s dng 2 phng php ct kim loi : Ct c kh v ct hi. 5.2.1 Ct c kh : 5.2.2 Ct hi. 5.2.2.1 iu kin c th ct kim loi bng hi: 5.2.2.2. Hi dng ct: 5.2.2.3. Thit b ct hi. a. M ct hi : b. My ct hi: Bao gm my ct t ng v my ct bn t ng. 5.2.2.4. Cng ngh ct hi: 5.2.2.5. Cht lng cng tc ct hi.

Bao gm cht lng mt ct v chnh xc ca chi tit c ct. Cht lng mt ct trc ht l nhn b mt v n ph thuc vo :

T l pha trn kh oxy v axetylen. Kh t chy thch hp





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Tc ct. tinh khit ca oxy. Thit b ct, vt liu ct.

5.2.2.6. Cng tc an ton khi ct hi. 5.2.2.7. Mt s quy nh v an ton khi s dng chai hi t.

5.3 CNG NGH UN TN V THP HNH

Mt s ln cc chi tit kt cu thn tu phi c un trc khi lp rp chng thnh cc phn on, tng on hoc lp trc tip vo thn tu. Hnh dng cong ca cc tm v tu c th chia thnh cc nhm khc nhau tu theo mc phc tp ca qu trnh cng ngh v d nh sau :

Hnh 5.1 : Cc dng cong ca mp tm 5.3.1 Un tn trn my cn nhiu trc. 5.3.1.2 My cn kn : 5.3.1.3 My cn h :

My cn h c kh nng nng mt u trc ln v tho mt trong 2 u trc do phm vi s dng c m rng hn. C th s dng my cn h vo vic un trn, un hnh cn, lm phng, ng thi cng c th dng gp mp tm.

Hnh 5.2 : S my cn h 3 trc b tr i xng





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5.3.1.4 Cng ngh un tm trn my cn : Khi un theo hnh tr ta t mp tm song song vi trc cn, nng trc cn trn

ln mt on sao cho tm tn lt vo gia cc trc cn. Sau ta h trc cn trn xung tng bc mt sau mi ln cn. Cn trnh h qu su trc cn trn ngay t u, nh vy c th gy rn nt b mt tm tn. Khi un tm c dng cong hnh cn ta c th tin hnh theo 2 phng php: a. Phng php th nht: trc cn trn c t nghing mt gc tu thuc vo loe ca hnh cn. Do c nghing nn phn b lc cn dc theo trc khng u nhau : phn u trc cn thp c lc cn ln v bn knh cong s nh. b. Phng php th hai: Dng tm lt t dc theo chiu rng tm b un vo gia trc cn trn v vt cn, ng thi vo pha c bn knh cong nh nht.

Hnh 5.3 : Phng php un mp tm dng vt chm 5.3.2 Un tn trn my p

i vi cc tm tn c hnh dng cong phc tp ngi ta un trn my p bng cc chy v khun mu chuyn dng. Tu thuc vo khun v chy trn my c th un c cc dng sau:

Gp khc tm. Lm phng tm. H mp tm. Dp gn tm (vch sng). Dp cc gai phng.

Hnh 5.4 : Un tm trn my p vn nng 5.3.3 Un tm bng phng php th cng

un cc tm theo phng php th cng, phi vch du cc ng nh ba. i vi cc tm cong mt chiu hoc hai chiu nh ba dc theo cc ng un vch sn. Khi nh ba cn t tm ln cc m mm nh g hoc ct, nht l khi tm cong, v tr nh ba nht thit phi nm trn vt k. 5.3.4 Un nng tm. 5.3.5 Un thp hnh : Thp hnh c th un ngui hoc un nng 5.3.5.1 Un nng : 5.3.5.2 Un ngui :





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CHNG 6 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN CM CHI TIT

6.1 PHN LOI CM CHI TIT THEO NHM

Cm chi tit l mt b phn ca phn on hoc kt cu ca thn tu c lp rp t hai hoc nhiu chi tit ring bit. Tu thuc vo c im kt cu, c tnh cng ngh m cm chi tit c th phn chia thnh 6 nhm c bn sau :

1. Cc dm hn thit din ch T phng lm t thp tm: Sng chnh tu y n, ngang y, sng mn, sng vch...

2. Cc dm ch T cong lm t thp tm: X ngang boong kho, sng boong, sng dc mn ti vng tuyn hnh c cong thay i, sng mi, sng ui . . .

3. Khung ngang c ng vin khp kn: Gm ngang, sn, x ngang v cc m lin kt.

4. ngang y, cc m, np gia cng (tu y i). 5. Cc chi tit phng : sng chnh, sng ph y ca tu y i, cc tm phng

ca vch kn nc, sn, boong.... 6. Cc phn ca b my (cc b my ring bit ), cc chi tit gia cng cho

chng.

6.2 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN CM CHI TIT THANH (DM)

Vic lp v hn cm chi tit kt cu thn tu ni chung c th gm nhng bc c bn nh sau :

B1. Ly du kch thc cc chi tit. B2. Ct, di, mi phng mp. B3. Ly du v tr B4. Lm sch ch cn hn. B5. Hn nh cc chi tit vi nhau (trc khi hn nh cn c nh v tr cc c cu) B6. Hn chnh thc. B7. Kim tra nghim thu. B8. Sa cha khuyt tt (nu c).

6.2.1 Lp rp v hn dm phng ch T phng 6.2.1.1 Lp rp trn b bng: 6.2.1.2 Lp rp dm ch T nh thit b lp rp: 6.2.2 Lp rp v hn dm ch T cong.

Chun b b lp rp : Mt b l tm thp dy c khot l c nh chi tit. t bn thnh trn b v c nh n. t bn cnh ln v tr nh v trn bn thnh. Dng m hoc thit b chuyn dng c nh bn cnh vi bn thnh sau khi

c nn p, cn chnh. Hn nh mt pha ( bn c m, thit b c nh ). Hn chnh thc pha i din vi m, thit b c nh. Dng m, thit b c nh pha bn va hn sau hn pha cn li. Kim tra v s l bin dng nu c.





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6.3 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN CM CHI TIT KHUNG

6.3.1 Lp rp cc khung ngang, ngang y v tm gia cng. Lp rp v hn dm ch T hoc un thp hnh theo dng. t cc chi tit ln b, k kch cho chng nm ng v tr thnh khung kn. Kim tra b mt khung, ng vin, hn nh cc u mi chi tit li vi nhau. Kim tra li qu trnh lp rp. t cc m lin kt v hn nh vi khung. Hn chnh thc. Nghim thu b khung : Nu c bin dng th cho tin hnh nn ngay trn b.

Trong qu trnh lp rp v hn, chng bin dng c th hn nh hoc dng thit b nh v khung vi b chc chn. i vi tt c cc chi tit, k c khi hn th cng hay hn t ng, ta cn phi ty sch lp g st bn ngoi ti mi ni v vt mp hn theo qui nh.

Tho khung ra khi b, khi tho khung cn phi gia cng trong trng hp cn thit nhm trnh bin dng trong qu trnh vn chuyn;

nh du s hiu sn, cc ng, cc v tr kim tra. . . bng mi t c bi sn khc mu chi tit.

Vn chuyn cc khung ti ni bo qun. 6.3.2 Lp rp b my tu y n. Kt cu ca b my thng thng bao gm bn thnh v bn cnh b my, cc ngang (ch yu l cc ngang nm gia hai bn thnh b my), cc m lin kt. Cc b my thng c lp rp trong phn xng sau c vn chuyn v a vo lp rp trn tu. Quy trnh lp rp v hn b my thng thng c tin hnh nh sau : 6.3.2.1 Cc yu cu v cng tc chun b : 6.3.2.2 Qu trnh lp rp: 6.3.2.3 Quy trnh hn : 6.3.2.4 Kim tra :

6.3 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN TM PHNG

Vch dc, vch ngang knh nc, vch thng tng ... phn ln ta lp rp v hn tm phng trn b bng bnh thng. S dng phng php hn t ng hai pha. 6.3.1 Yu cu: 6.3.2 Hn : 6.3.3 Kim tra nghim thu

Theo tiu chun ca nh my hoc IACS





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CHUONG 7 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN PHN ON

7.1 THIT B LP RP PHN ON 7.1.1 B lp rp : 7.1.1.1 B bng: .1.1.2. B t tnh:

Dng c nh cc tm tn xung mt b m khng phi dng cc thit b lp rp khc, n ch yu dng trong phng php hn t ng. 7.1.2 Khung dn : 7.1.2.1 Khung dn thanh cong c nh:

Dng lp rp cc phn tng on c hnh dng b mt cong nh phn on boong, phn on y. N c ch to t cc tm, thanh cong ghp li thnh kt cu

dn vng chc, bn trn c khot cc rnh dng c nh t tn xung mt b. 7.1.2.2 Khung dn quay:

Trong qu trnh hn cc phn tng on c cc loi mi hn sau : hn ng, hn bng, hn ngang, hn trn, hn leo . . .nhng mi hn c cht lng cao nht th phi to iu kin sao cho cc mi hn bng nhiu nht. Khung dn quay cho php quay phn on quanh trc quay to iu kin cho t th hn bng l ch yu. Tuy nhin phi c thit b phc tp quay dn. 7.1.2.3 Khung dn vn nng:

Hnh 7.1 : Khung dn vn nng u lp phn on





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7.2 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN CC PHN ON PHNG

7.2.1 Phn loi phn on Cc phn on c chia ra t thn tu s khc nhau v kch thc, hnh dng,

trng lng v c mc phc tp. C th phn chia chng thnh hai loi l phn on phng v phn on . 7.2.2 Nguyn tc chung lp rp cc phn on phng

Ly du v tr c cu ln b mt tm tn sau khi c ri v hn chnh thc. Lm sch v tr lp rp vi c cu. t c cu theo hng chnh. hn nh ri hn chnh thc ngay bng my hn

t ng, hn cc c cu t gia ra hai u ca phn on. t cc dm hng ph ri hn nh xung tm phng. Hn chnh thc trc

vi tm phng bng phng php hn bn t ng hoc th cng. Hn chnh thc cc dm dc v dm ngang vi nhau bng phng php th

cng hoc bn t ng. Cu lt, ly du li ng bao phn on, chun b mp hn ca phn on

ni vi phn on khc. Trong trng hp cn thit t cc np gia cng mp tm ca phn on cch

mp 150 100mm v pha mt i din vi b khung. 7.2.3 Qui trnh lp rp v hn phn on vch ngang 7.2.3.1 Chun b : 7.2.3.2 Phng php lp rp: C 2 phng php

Phng php 1 : Lp rp cc tm tn vi nhau, sau lp tng c cu vo tn. Phng php 2 : Lp rp tn vi nhau, sau lp rp ton b khung lp vi

nhau trc vo tn. 7.2.3.3 Lp rp v hn vch phng. a. Ri tn: b. Ly du: c. Lp rp v hn: d. Kim tra nghim thu : Theo tiu chun ca ng kim hoc IACS. 7.2.3.4 Vch sng. a. Dp sng: C hai phng php:

Dp cc tm tn to thnh cc sng ring bit sau hn chng vi nhau to thnh phn on vch sng. u im ca phng php ny l khng cn thit b chuyn dng dp sng nhng gy ra bin dng hn tng i ln, thng ch p dng cho cc nh my nh, khng c thit b.

Hn cc tm tn vi nhau, sau a ton b tn vch vo my dp sng. u im ca phng php ny l s lng ng hn t nn bin dng sinh ra nh, nhc im l cn phi c thit b dp sng (c th t ch to m hnh dp sng). b. Lp rp v hn:

Sau khi dp sng cho tm, tin hnh ly du v t cc sng vch theo ng v tr trn tn vch v tin hnh hn sng vch vi tn vch. Sng vch c ct theo hnh dng Prophin sng. c. Kim tra v nghim thu : Tham kho tiu chun IACS47 7.2.4 Qui trnh lp rp v hn phn on boong 7.2.4.1 Chun b :





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7.2.4.2 Cc bc chnh : Lp rp v hn tn boong. Ly du ng bao phn on, ng t c cu v t cc chi tit kt cu gia

cng khc ca phn on. Lp rp v hn cc c cu. Ly du v ct li ng bao phn on, lu c lng d u lp cc

phn tng on. Kim tra nghim thu phn on.

7.2.4.3 Qui trnh lp rp v hn phn on boong. a. Ri tn: b. Ly du c cu: c. Lp rp v hn nh c cu .

Trng hp boong kt cu h thng ngang : Lp rp sng chnh boong. Lp rp cc x ngang boong (x ngang boong thng v x ngang boong kho). Lp sng ph boong . Lp cc x ngang boong 2 u phn on Trng hp boong kt cu h thng dc : Lp rp sng chnh boong. Lp rp cc x dc boong. Lp rp cc x ngang boong kho. Lp sng ph boong .

d. Hn phn on boong: Hn c cu - c cu bng phng php hn th cng hoc bn t ng. Hn c cu - tn boong bng phng php t ng hoc th cng. Hn ni vi tn vi tn . Lp t v hn cc chi tit ph khc theo cc v tr ly du. Cu lt phn on v t chng ln cc gi , di cc mi ni dc v ngang

ca tn boong, hn mt sau cc mi ni dc ngang ca tn boong. e. Kim tra v nghim thu:

Kim tra kn nc ca phn on bng phng php th cng hoc siu m. Kim tra cht lng mi hn. Kim tra cc sai lch ca phn on : Tham kho IACS

7.2.5 Qui trnh lp rp v hn phn on mn 7.2.5.1 Chun b : 7.2.5.2 Qui trnh cng ngh : a. Ri tn : b. Ly du :

Ly du ng chun ca phn on. Ly du v tr ng kim tra (trng vi v tr mt ng nc) Ly du cc v tr t khung xng ca mn.

c. Lp rp v hn : t cc c cu dc v ngang, tin hnh hn nh chng vi tn bao (th t

tng t nh khi lp rp dn boong). Hn c cu vi c cu theo phng php hn th cng v hn c cu vi tn

mn bng my hn bn t ng. Lp rp v hn cc chi tit kt cu ph theo v tr ly du trn tm tn mn.





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Cu lt phn on, sau hn mi ni dc, ngang ca mt sau tm tn mn. d. Kim tra nghim thu : 7.2.6 Qui trnh lp rp v hn phn on y n

7.3 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN PHN ON KHI

7.3.1 Phng php lp nga : 2 cch 7.3.1.1 Cch th nht

Gi thit tn bao ( tn y ngoi ) v cm khung xng c gia cng sn ( thng i vi vng y tng i bng phng v tn khng dy)

t khung xng ln tn bao, sau hn nh, hn chnh thc khung xng vi tn bao theo phng php th cng hoc bn t ng (hn theo phng php hn theo hng hoc phng php hn mt sng). Trong :

Phng php hng : Tin hnh cc mi hn theo tng hng (hn t gia ra i vi tng hng).

Phng php hn mt sng : Hon thnh cc mi hn theo tng mt v c xu hng lan to t tm ca phn on ra pha ngoi

7.3.1.2 Cch th hai Lp t v hn trc cc sng chnh v dm dc y di vi tn bao bng my hn t ng hoc bn t ng, sau lp t v hn ln lt cc c cu ngang, sng ph, dm dc y trn v tip tc lm cc cng vic cn li nh cch th nht. ( phng php lp rp tng phn khung xng 7.3.2 Phng php lp p : 2 cch 7.3.2.1 Cch th nht :

Tn y trn c lp rp v hn chnh thc hai mt trc theo phng php hn t ng. t tn y trn ln b, ly du v tr ng tm, cc c cu, ng bao phn on, ng kim tra . . . sau t khung xng c gia cng sn ln tn y trn.

Hn nh khung xng vi tn v hn chnh thc cc c cu ca khung xng vi nhau theo phng php hn th cng hoc bn t ng.

Hn chnh thc khung xng vi tn y trn (hn bn t ng hoc th cng). Lp rp tn bao v hn nh vi khung xng theo trnh t tm sng nm, tm

hng sau ln lt lp cc tm cn li. Hn cc tm tn bao vi nhau theo tun t hn mi hn dc trc, mi hn ngang sau (hn bn t ng).

Cu lt phn on, hn mi ni dc v ngang ca mt trong tn bao theo phng php hn bn t ng hoc th cng, hn khung xng vi tn bao bng phng php bn t ng hoc th cng. 7.3.2.2 Cch th hai :

Tn y trn c lp rp v hn chnh thc hai mt t trc. Tin hnh g lp v hn trc cc sng chnh v dm dc y trn vi tn y trn bng my hn t ng hoc bn t ng, sau lp t v hn ln lt cc c cu ngang, sng ph, dm dc y di v tip tc lm cc cng vic cn li nh cch th nht. ( phng php lp rp tng phn khung xng ).





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CHUONG 8 QUI TRNH LP RP V HN TNG ON

8.1 THIT B LP RP TNG ON

8.1.1 Xe vn chuyn v nng h phn tng on

Hnh 8.1: Xe vn chuyn phn tng on 8.1.2. Khung dn. 8.1.3. k.

8.2 QUY TRNH LP RP V HN TNG ON T CC PHN ON

8.2.1 Mt s lu khi u lp tng on. Vi tng on c kt cu vch ngang cch mt u tng on qu 2 khong sn

th m bo cng vng ca tng on ta phi lp thm cc vch gi hoc h thng ct chng, sau khi u lp tng on v tng thnh xong ta s ct b cc ct chng hoc vch gi . Vch gi c lp vo tng on theo theo quy trnh lp vch ngang v c tin hnh ng thi vi cc phn on khc. 8.2.2 Quy trnh lp rp v hn tng on t cc phn on.

Qui trnh lp rp tng on bao gm mt phn on y, hai phn on mn, mt phn on vch v mt phn on boong c tin hnh nh sau : 8.2.2.1 t phn on y.

Hnh 8.2 Kim tra phn on y chun theo chiu cao bng ng thu bnh 8.2.2.2 t phn on vch ngang. 8.2.2.3 t phn on mn. 8.2.2.4 t phn on boong. 8.2.2.5 Quy trnh hn.





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Hn cc mi ni dc ca phn on boong vi phn on mn Hn cc mi ni ngang gia phn on y v phn on mn. Hn cc mi ni ngang gia phn on mn v phn on boong.

8.3 QUI TRNH LP V HN TNG ON MT

8.3.1 Lp rp tng on mi (lp p) Ri tn boong, c nh tn boong vi khung dn lp rp, hn i u cc tm

tn boong vi nhau. Ly du v tr ng sng boong, x ngang boong, ng kim tra, ng bao . Lp vch ngang vo v tr ly du. Lp sng mi Lp x ngang, sn v ngang y cho mi bn mn. Khi lp cn c vo v tr

sn ly du trn sng v trn boong (nu c khung sn kho th phi lp trc ri mi lp sn)

Hn c cu boong theo trnh t : c cu vi c cu, c cu vi tn. Ri tn bao : Ri tn mp mn v tn ky y ng thi sau lp cc tm cn

li theo nguyn tc i xng. Hn nh, lm vng c nh chng bin dng. Hn cc mi hn dc, ngang, lm i xng hai bn mn. Cu lt v hn tt c cc ng hn cn li. Lp cc thit b ph v cc c cu cn li ca tng on v hn li. Ly du ng bao ca tng on, ng tm trn tn boong, ng kim tra

nm nm ngang trn tn mn, sng mi, vch ngang phc v qu trnh u tng thnh trn trin.

8.3.2 Lp rp tng on li (lp p) Khi lp rp v nh tm ky li v lp rp sng ui phi m bo ng tm

ca gt ky li vi tm l khot trn sng ui vi tm trc li trn sn sect. Mun vy dng di th t tm gt ky li xung mt boong, sau o c v so snh vi tr s thit k v iu chnh.

C nh sng ui bng tng hoc thanh chng. Kim tra t th ca tng on, kim tra kn nc.

Hnh 8.3 Lp rp tng on mi qu l Hnh 8.4 Lp rp tng on li





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CHNG 9. QUI TRNH LP RP V HN THN TU TRN TRIN

9.1 LP RP THN TU T CC TNG ON

9.1.1 Nguyn tc chung. Vic lp rp tng on c tin hnh theo ba bc sau :

nh v chnh xc tng on gc da vo cc du vch sn trn trin, trn cc m ky, cc hng k . . .

nh v chnh xc v c nh v tr cc tng on tip theo so vi tng on gc. Kim tra v tr theo chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao, kim tra nghing ngang, chi, khe h lp rp gia cc tng on.

Hn cc tng on li vi nhau. 9.1.2 Qui trnh lp rp: 9.1.2.1 Lp tng on gc.

Nu tu c lp trn k th tng an gc phi c t trn hng k nm ti sng chnh v mt s hng k hai bn mn. Nu tu c lp trn xe gong th trn xe c b tr mt s k g v mt s kch nng iu chnh tng on. Cc k t di cc c cu kho ca thn tu. 9.1.2.2 t hai tng on tip theo. 9.1.2.3 Hn ni cc tng on trn trin:

Hn ni tn bao vi tn mt trong. Ty x hn pha i din v hn chnh thc tn bao pha ngoi. Hn boong ph, y i (nu c) Hn ni c dc ca 2 tng on vi nhau. Khi hn cc c cu dc th hn mp

t do trc, sau hn tm bn thnh sau.

9.2 KIM TRA CHT LNG NG HN V TH KN NC

Th kn nc l cng vic bt buc trong cng ngh ng tu. c thc hin sau khi lp xong v hn hon chnh phn on, tng on v hon chnh con tu. 9.2.1 Cc hin tng c th xy ra sau khi hn.

Hnh dng kch thc ng hn khng t yu cu k thut. Nguyn nhn do khe h hn khng hp l, cc ch hn khng c m bo hoc tay ngh th hn khng ph hp vi yu cu mi hn.

Mi hn b nt do cht lng que hn km, ch hn khng m bo. Mi hn b ngm x. C l hng trong ng hn (bt kh trong mi hn) Mi hn khng m bo v hnh dng v b bin dng do qui trnh hn khng

hp l 9.2.2 Cc phng php kim tra kn nc v cht lng mi hn 9.2.2.1. Phng php thm thu: 9.2.2.2 Phng php th p lc:





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Hnh 9.1 Hp kim tra theo phng php chn khng

9.3 SN TU

Sau khi th kn nc xong ton b v bao thn tu v cc khoang kt, ta tin hnh lm sch v bao thn tu, sau tin hnh sn v trang tr. C 3 lp sn chnh l sn chng g, sn chng h (cho phn ngm nc) v sn trang tr (cho phn khng ngm nc). 9.3.1 Cng tc an ton khi sn : - Sn l cht d gy chy phi trnh cc ngun la. - Phi thng gi trong khi sn, sau khi sn. Trong khi sn phng chng chy n, kh chy do hi dung mi trong sn v phi tin hnh kim tra nng kh chy bng thit b o. Khi thng s thit b o ch qu 0,05% phi ngng thi cng. - Trong khi sn ngi thi cng phi mang cc trang b bo h nh mt n kh, gng tay. - Thit b phun chn khng phi c tip t khi sn. 9.3.2 Quy trnh sn c tin hnh nh sau :

Ty du m bng dung mi thch hp. Lm sch b mt: phn bn ngoi v tu lm sch ti tiu chun Sa 2.5, phn

cn li t tiu chun ST2. B mt trc khi sn phi kh, sch, khng bi bn nhim mui hoc cc cht

bm dnh khc. Khng ct bi, du m hoc nc bn vo b mt sn cn t. Lm sch, nhn cc cch, g sc trn b tn v cc ng hn. iu kin sn: m khng kh khng qu 85%. Nhit thn tu cao hn

im sng ti thiu 3o C. Sau khi lm sch tin hnh sn theo quy trnh. Tt c cc chng loi sn s dng sn tn kho phi mua b sung dung mi.

Lu : Kim tra cht lng cc thng sn trc khi sn, sn khng c vn cc, bin

mu, bin cht...





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Khi sn ph cc chng loi sn ln chng loi sn khc phi th s ph hp khng c bong, dp lp trong.

Nhng khng gian kn phi m bo thng thong t iu kin an ton khi sn.

Tn Sn/Khu vc sn Chng Loi ng gi

(thnh phn) dy mng sn kh

DFT()

y Tu

BANNOH 500 Sn chng r gc Epoxy 2 125

BANNOH 500 Sn chng r Epoxy 2 125

SILVAX SQ-K Sn lp trung gian gc Vinyl 1 75

TFA 10 LIGHT RED Sn chng h khng c 1 100

TFA 10 DARK RED Sn chng h khng c 1 100

Mn thay i



EPICON MARINE FINISH Sn ph mu gc Epoxy 2 50

Mn kh



EPICON MARINE FINISH Sn ph mu gc Poly Urethane 2 50





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CHNG 10 H THU

10.1 CC PHNG PHP H THU

H thu l qu trnh cng ngh a tu xung nc sau khi kt thc cng vic ng mi hoc sa cha. Tu c th h thu xung nc nh cc phng php sau :

Nh trng lng ca tu : V d h thu trn trin dc hoc trin ngang. Nh lc nng ca nc: V d h thu bng u tu v ni, cc pngtng ni Nh cc lc c gii khc: Dn nng thu lc, cn cu, ti ko, kch, ti kh . . .

10.1.1 H thu bng trin . 10.1.1.1 H thu dc 10.1.1.2 H thu ngang 10.1.2 H thu nh tu.

Nguyn tc h thu: Bm nc vo cho ti khi no mc nc ti ky tu th dng li kim tra li ln cui k kh nng kn nc ca v bao tu, kim tra cc van thng bin, kim tra cc t th ca tu xem c nghing hay chi khng. Sau bm y nc vo tu c th iu ng c ra ngoi. 10.1.2.1 kh: (u tu) u im : Cng tc chun b cho qu trnh h thu nhanh, an ton, t xy ra s c. Nhc im : Thi gian tu nm trn u lu, h s quay vng tc dng ca tu nh. 10.1.3.2 nc ( ni)

ni c cu to t mt hoc nhiu phao ni c mt boong phng v cc phao mn cao m bo bn dc v n nh cho .

ni c hai loi: dng ch U v dng ch L 10.1.4 H thu nh cn cu hay ti ko (tham kho ti liu) 10.1.5 H thu nh thit b thu lc - y l phng php hin i, chuyn phc v cho vic ng v sa cha cc tu c nh v trung bnh nh tu cao tc, tu khch . . . v c xu hng s dng ngy cng tng

Hnh 10.1 : H thu bng gin nng thu lc

10.2 CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNH H THU

10.2.1 nh hng ca mc nc ni h thu.





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h thu dc th chiu rng ca vng nc ni h thu phi > 2.5 ln chiu di tu.

h thu ngang th chiu rng ca vng nc ni h thu phi > 4 ln chiu rng tu.

Chiu su khu vc h thu > (22.5) chiu chm ca tu khi h thu 10.2.2 nh hng ca gi v dng chy

H thu ch c tin hnh trong iu kin sng gi khng qu cp 5 Bofor Trong trng hp bt buc phi h thu th phi c bin php gim tc ca

dng chy. Khi h thu phi thng bo rng ri cho cc tu thuyn qua li khu vc h thu

c bin php phng trnh.

10.3 THIT B H THU BNG TRT MNG TRT

10.3.1 trt

Hnh 10.2 : B tr trt v mng trt 10.3.2 Mng trt 10.3.3 Bi trn trt, mng trt.

Sau khi lp t trt xong, tin hnh bi trn trt. dy ca lp m bi trn ph thuc vo trng ti ca tu, iu kin h thu v c tnh c l ca cht bi trn. Cht bi trn thng c ch to t hn hp paraphin du nhn hoc vazlin du nhn.

Hnh 10.3 : Cc phng php ghp ni b trt





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10.3.4 k Trong qu trnh lp rp

thn tu trn trin con tu phi c k m mt cch ng u. Nu khng n s gy h hng v bin dng cho tu. Trong cc cn k m th quan trng nht l cc m ky (di tm tn ky). Cc tm ny n 60 % trng lng thn tu, phn trng lng cn li m ky mi v li s .

Hnh 10.4 : m k phn mi

10.4 CC PHNG PHP HN CH S DCH CHUYN CA TU TRONG QU TRNH H THU

Khi tho b thit b gi tu trn trt, tu s trt theo ng dc ca trt, tc dch chuyn xung ca tu khng th khng ch c. Nu chiu rng lung nc ti khu vc h thu b hn ch th tu c th lao sang bn b bn kia. hn ch tc v phm vi dch chuyn ca tu ta c th s dng mt s thit b hm sau :

Nhm thit b hm s dng sc cn ma st (vt nng, neo, dy thng, xch ) Nhm thit b hm s dng sc cn ca nc (tm chn..) Nhm thit b hm c bit

10.4.1 Dng vt nng ri trn trin Khi h thu tu ko theo cc vt nng ( trng lng cng ngy cng ln ) buc

vo cc dy hai bn mn tu lm tng ma st hn ch s dch chuyn ca tu xung nc. 10.4.2 Dng dy thng hoc xch

Cc dy thng c buc hai bn mp mn tu, mt u buc vo tu, u kia buc vo cc c nh trn trin. Pha buc vo tu phi buc gp tng on nh mt dy nh hn, hoc gp dy thng ni vi nhau bng dy. Khi tu lao xung nc, tng mi buc bng dy nh b t, lc lm t dy nh chnh l lc hm s di chuyn ca tu. 10.4.3 Dng neo

t neo sn trn boong tu hoc t trc neo mt v tr no trn trin. th neo t trn boong tu, t 2 hoc 4 neo pha mi hoc 2 neo mi, 2 neo li. Tng trng lng ca cc neo (thng dng neo Hi qun) cn phi m bo sao cho lc hm c th trit tiu c phn ln nng lng ca tu chuyn ng trn mt on ng nht nh. 10.4.4 Dng tm chn

Tm chn lm bng g, thp (c gn cc np gia cng) c c nh pha mn tu hoc li lm tng sc cn ca nc vi v bao thn tu khi tu h thu.





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10.5 NHNG S C XY RA TRONG QU TRNH H THU

10.5.1 Sau khi c lch h thu chng ta gii phng cc thit b gi tu trn trin nhng tu vn khng trt xung c ? 10.5.1.1 Nguyn nhn.

Do lp m bi trn gia trt v mng trt kh lm tng sc cn ma st gia trt v mng trt dn n tu khng trt c.

Trong qu trnh tnh ton thit k dc ca trt qu nh. Do qu lu tu v mng trt trn trt nn l m bi trn b p ht ra

ngoi lm tng sc cn ma st nn tu khng trt xung c. 10.5.1.2 Cc bin php x l.

To rung gia tu v mng trt trn trt bng cch dng ba g trn mng trt khc phc ma st ca tu v mng trt trn trt sau tu c th t dch chuyn xung c.

Cn phi ko tu to ra lc thng ban u (dng tu lai ko ui tu xung di hoc dng dy cp ko tu ngc ln trn).

10.5.2 Khi tu trt n gia trin th dng li 10.5.2.1 Nguyn nhn.

dc ca trin nh Lp m bi trn b kh hoc b y ra khi mt trt mng trt Profin ca trin, hnh dng theo dc theo mt trin khng phng hoc cong

khng u hoc do nn trin b ln 10.5.2.2 Cc bin php x l.

Thay lp m bi trn gia trt mng trt Phi k kch li cc cng to nn mt dc thch hp Dng tu lai ko tu xung di hoc dng dy cp ko tu ln trn

10.6.3 ui tu b chi vo bn tu khng ni c 10.5.3.1 Nguyn nhn.

dc ca trin qu ln Chiu rng lung lch ti khu vc h thu qu hp, chiu su khng m bo Phn ui tu qu nng

10.5.3.2 Cc bin php x l Dng mt tu lai y ngc, y xui Dng nc bm dn vo mi tu m bo cn bng cho tu

10.5.4 Tu b nghing v trt khi trt. 10.5.5 Khi tu xung nc tu khng n nh, b nghing b chi

10.6 QUY TRNH H THU TU TRN TRT MNG TRT

10.6.1 Kim tra tu. Kim tra tt c van thng bin ca tu, cc van ny phi c ng kn, cc l

ngi chui (man hole) phi c ng kn, cc on ng ng cha ni phi c bt kn

Lp ng ten o su, km chng n mn, in cc chng n mn Kim tra tt c mi hn tn bao ca tu, tt c mi hn ny phi c hn kn,

siu m v chp Xray theo ng yu cu ca ng kim.





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Kim tra tt c vt di chuyn trn tu, phi tm cc bin php c nh cc vt vi tu

Phi a neo v xch neo ln tu phc v cho vic hm qu trnh h thu v c nh tu sau khi h thu.

Cc ct buc, cc bch, l lun dy, s ma hng cp ca tu phi c lp rp v hn hon chnh

Bnh li phi c c nh, bnh li v tr 00 so vi mt phng dc tm, c nh bng mt bch hoc hn cht vi tn bao tu bng cc m hn hoc bng tng . Chong chng thng c quay t do nhng phi c bin php chng trc chong chng lao v pha mi bng cc , trong trng hp chong chng dng lm tm chn th phi c bin php c nh cc cnh ca n vi khng gian li.

Trn cc tu ln phi c my pht in bng my n phc v cho ti in hot ng.

Tt c cc khoang kt phi c kim tra kn nc. 10.6.2 Kim tra khu vc h thu.

Kim tra thit b gi trt vi mng trt, gia mng trt v tu, kim tra lp m bi trn gia trt v mng trt.

Kim tra cc thit b chng buc, cc thit b phanh hm Kim tra ng trin ( ln ca ng trin, cc chng ngi vt nm trn

ng trin...) Phi c tu lai tc trt di nc khc phc cc s c trong qu trnh h

thu (nu c) v lai dt tu vo b. Tho r gin gio v di sch cc tai mc hm dng gi gin gio v lp t

cc chi tit kt cu thn tu Kim tra mn nc, tc dng chy trong khu vc h thu, trc v trong khi

h thu phi hn ch s lu thng ca cc phng tin qua khu vc h thu. Chun b cc dng c cn thit cho h thu nh ba g, ba thng, cha vn

cc m , dng c ct cp h thu t kch d phng vo v tr. Chun b cc phng n m bo an ton cho ngi v tu khi h thu.

10.6.3 Cc bc h thu : Kim tra li ton b cc cng vic chun b Phn cng cc nhm lm vic v ng v tr, nhng ngi khng c nhim v

khng vo khu vc h thu. Tin hnh cc nghi l h thu Tu ko khi ng my sn sng lm

vic. Tho cu thang ln xung tu ra khi

tu Gii phng cc hng k theo th t

t trong ra ngoi, t di ln trn. Gii phng thit b gi tu (gia

trt vi mng trt, gia mng trt vi b).

Pht lnh ct cp h thu

Hnh 10.5: Ct cp h thu tu

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] S tay k thut tu thu, tp 3, Nguyn c n, H Quang Long, Dng nh Nguyn, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 1982 [2] Cng ngh ng v sa cha tu thu, Nguyn c n, V Trng Cang, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia TP.H Ch Minh, 2003 [3] Cng ngh ng mi v sa cha v thp, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut 1986 [4] Merchant Ship Construction, D.A. Taylor [5] Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard for New Construction, IACS [6] Ship Construction, D.J. Eyres (Fourth Edition) [7] Reeds Ship Contruction for Marine Students, E.A. Stokoe [8] Hull construction - ANAST- University of Liege - 2000.

Bài Giảng Công Nghệ Đóng Mới Tàu Thủy - Nguyễn Văn Hân

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Transcript of Bài Giảng Công Nghệ Đóng Mới Tàu Thủy - Nguyễn Văn Hân