Bacteria and Virus

Smallest and simplest organisms on the planet. They are called a PROKARYOTE CELL because they have NO nucleus. They also have an ENDOSPORE which is a hard coating that surrounds their cell. They are also the most abundant. A single gram of soil can hold 2.5 billion bacteria.

If bacteria cannot be seen, how do people know they exist?

Bacteria

Bacteria cause sores to be infected and food to spoil.

Parts of a Bacteria Cell

*Turn to pg. A11 in your book – what is missing in this bacteria cell that an animal cell has?

Bacteria

Most bacteria reproduce through binary fission every thirty (30) minutes.

How many bacteria would there be in an hour? Two hours? Three hours? Four hours? Five hours?

1 hour = 4

2 hours = 16

3 hours = 64

4 hours = 256

5 hours = 1024

BacteriaBinary Fission

THE CELL GROWS

DNA REPLICATES AND ATTACHES TO THE MEMBRANE

DNA AND ITS COPY START TO SEPARATE

THE CELL SPLITS INTO TWO

Three basic shapes:1. Bacilli – rod shaped 2. Spirilla – spiral shaped

3. Cocci – spherical (round) shaped

Bacteria

Bacteria

No matter how long we clean or what cleaners we choose to use (bleach, pasteurization), bacteria continue to live and reproduce and are found everywhere….

Check this out…

Bacteria as a ToolRole

Despite making us sick, bacteria play a vital role in our world today.

1. Consume nitrogen in the air and give the material to plants to grow.2. Decompose dead matter (leaves, plants, animals) and create

nutrients for living organisms.3. Used to clean up pollution – bioremediation.4. Used in medicine to kill other bacteria and microorganisms –

antibiotic5. Used to create insulin to help fight diabetes6. Used to make food: bread, pickles, yogurt, etc.7. Bacteria in our large intestine creates Vitamin K8. Some animals use bacteria to hunt prey or other food items and

scientists believe the bacteria helps to begin the process of digestion.

Bacteria as a Tool

Komodo Dragon

Bacteria in the saliva – causes infection

Bacteria as a Tool

Gila MonsterBacteria/venom in the saliva – causes

infection

Bacteria as a Tool

Monitor Lizard

Bacteria as a Tool

Iguana

Bacteria as a Tool

Bioremediation

Antibiotic – a bacteria that kills other bacteria

Bacteria as a Tool

Penicillin

A mold that fights/kills bacteria

Bacteria Some Diseases/Conditions Caused by Bacteria Include:

*Cavities *Food poisoning *Strep Throat

*Botulism *Pneumonia *Leaf Spot

Bacteria

Leaf Spot

Bacteria

Botulism (contaminated food)

Which has MORE bacteria cooked rare (dark red and cold in the

middle)?

OR

Hamburger – because the bacteria gets ground inside the burger, but the steak has bacteria ONLY on the surface…

Bacteria Diseases

Lyme Disease - tick Bubonic Plague - flea

Virus• Discovery Works pgs A50-A57

VirusPathogen – disease causing

agent*5, 000, 000, 000 (billion) can fit in a single drop of blood.

*Because of their size and ability to mutate, scientists do not know how many viruses exist – this number could be in the billions or higher.

*Unlike bacteria, there is no cure for a virus.

*For a virus to “live” it needs a host cell.

*If you enlarged a virus 600, 000 times, it would be as large as a small pea.

If we enlarged a 6’ person 600, 000 times how tall would that person be?

3, 600, 000 feet

Viruses Take MANY Shapes

VirusBasic Shapes

No matter the shape,

the virus is basically

genetic material enclosed by protein

SpacecraftSphere

Cylinder Crystal

VirusCommon Viral Diseases

Influenza (flu) AidsCold

Hepatitis

VirusWhat does a virus look like?

VirusReproduction

- A virus reproduces only when a healthy host cell is present (act like a parasite)…the procedure is grizzly because the cell bursts and dies.

DNAVirus attaches to a healthy host cell

A

BVirus injects its own DNA into a cell’s DNA

C The cell copies the virus over and over

The copied Virus explodes from the host cell and spreads to other cells

D

Bacteria and VirusHow PATHOGENS (what causes

disease) can be spread

*Touch

*Air

*Food/water

*Unclean areas

*Blood to blood contact

*You CANNOT catch a coldby simply being cold…thereneeds to be contact.

*Antibiotics are used to ward off bacteria or viruses

Bacteria and VirusHow to stay healthy…

1. Cover your mouth when

you sneeze or cough

2. Wash your food before cooking

3. Wash your hands thoroughly

4. Prepare your food carefully

5. See the doctor regularly

Plasmodium

Plasmodium~ A form of parasitic protozoa that reproduces in a

host cell; typically transmitted by the female mosquito.

Malaria – spread by the female mosquito, it attacks the red blood cells in the liver and spreads quickly thanks to a plasmodium (single-celled protozoa); a disease typically found in tropical areas.

~ when people dug up Egyptian tombs (pyramids), death would fall upon the archaeologists – often believed to be a curse set by the Pharaoh him or herself, but closer examination found death to be caused by malaria.

~ will be treated with drugs, but prevention starts with protection (mosquito nets) and careful removal of areas where mosquitoes reproduce (standing puddles of water).

PlasmodiumWhere does Malaria begin?

Plasmodium

Plasmodiums found in red blood cells

Plasmodium

http://www.sumanasinc.com/scienceinfocus/plasmodium/plasmodium_fla.html

Life cycle of the plasmodium from infection to transmission

PlasmodiumPrevention

Mosquito net:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4lYtSEkiLc&feature=related

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

*A disease that is spread through blood to blood contact – you have to go out and get it…it is not spread through casual contact (kissing, holding hands, being sneezed or coughed on UNLESS

blood to blood contact is involved)

*Caused by the HIV virus which destroys the white blood cells that control the cells that destroy pathogens.

~ Thus, someone with AIDS will pass away by contracting pneumonia or influenza because the white blood cells designed to kill the pathogen are not being told to do so…

The End