8-1

Bagian 8

Akuntansi Piutang

Tujuan Belajar1. Memahami Klasifikasi dan Pencatatan Piutang

2. Memahami Pengendalian Piutang

3. Memahami Akuntansi untuk Piutang Tak Tertagih

4. Memahami Karakteristik Wesel Tagih

5. Memahami Akuntansi untuk Wesel Tagih

8-2

Piutang individu dan perusahaan lain yang diharapkan dapat dikumpulkan dalam bentuk tunai.

Jumlah yang terhutang oleh

pelanggan yang dihasilkan dari

penjualan barang dan jasa.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

LO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.

Janji tertulis (yang dibuktikan dengan instrumen formal) untuk jumlah yang

akan diterima.

“Nontrade” (interest, loans to officers,

advances to employees, and

income taxes refundable).

Notes Receivable

Notes Receivable

Other Receivables

Other Receivables

Types of Receivables

8-3

Piutang individu dan perusahaan lain yang diharapkan dapat dikumpulkan dalam bentuk tunai.

LO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.

Illustration 8-1

Types of Receivables

8-4

Tiga masalah akuntansi untuk Accounts Receivable:

1. Pengakuan (Recognizing) accounts receivable.

2. Penilaian (Valuing) accounts receivable.

3. Pelepasan/Penjualan (Disposing) accounts receivable.

LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.

Perusahaan Jasa - dicatat saat jasa diberikan secara

kredit.

Perusahaan Dagang – dicatat pada titik penjualan barang

persediaan yang dilakukan secara kredit.

Recognizing Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

8-5

Ilustrasi: Asumsi Hennes & Mauritz (SWE) pada 1 Juli, menjual barang dagangan secara kredit pada Polo Company sebesar $1,000 dengan syarat 2/10, n/30. Siapkan jurnal untuk mencatat transaksi tersebut pada pembukuan Hennes & Mauritz.

Accounts receivable 1,000Jul. 1

Sales revenue1,000

Accounts Receivable

LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.

8-6

Ilustrasi: Pada 5 Juli, Polo mengembalikan barang dagangan senilai $100 pada Hennes & Mauritz (SWE).

Sales returns and allowances 100Jul. 5

Accounts receivable100

Pada 11 Juli, Hennes & Mauritz menerima pembayaran sisa hutang Polo Company.

Cash 882Jul. 11

Sales discounts ($900 x .02) 18

Accounts receivable900

Accounts Receivable

LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.

8-7

Interest receivable4.50

Ilustrasi: Beberapa pedagang (retailers) mengeluarkan kartu kreditnya sendiri. Misal Anda menggunakan kartu kredit JCPenney (USA) Anda untuk membeli baju $300. Catatan JCPenney:

Accounts receivable 300

Sales revenue300

Misal sampai akhir bulan Anda belum melunasi dan JCPenney mengenakan bunga 1.5% per bulan. Catatan JC Penney :

Accounts receivable 4.50

Accounts Receivable

LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.

8-8

Valuing Accounts Receivable

Current asset.

Valuation (net realizable value).

Uncollectible Accounts Receivable

Penjualan secara kredit meningkatkan resiko

ketidaktertagihan.

Penjual mencatat kerugian dari perpanjangan kredit

pada Bad Debt Expense.

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

Accounts Receivable

8-9

Allowance Method

Losses are estimated:

Better matching.

Receivable stated at cash

realizable value.

Required by IFRS.

Metode mencatat Uncollectible Accounts

Direct Write-Off

Theoretically undesirable:

No matching.

Receivable not stated at

cash realizable value.

Not acceptable for financial

reporting.

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

8-10

How are these accounts presented on the Statement of Financial Position?

Accounts ReceivableAllowance for

Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 500 25 End.

Accounts Receivable

8-11

Accounts Receivable

Current Assets:

Supplies 40$

Inventory 812

Accounts receivable 500

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (25) 475

Cash 330

Total current assets 1,657

Statement of Financial Position (partial)

ABC Corporation

8-12

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 500 25 End.

Accounts Receivable

Journal entry for credit sale of $100?

Accounts receivable 100

Sales 100

Accounts Receivable

8-13

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 600 25 End.

Accounts Receivable

Journal entry for credit sale of $100?

Accounts receivable 100

Sales 100

Sale 100

Accounts Receivable

8-14

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 600 25 End.

Sale 100

Accounts Receivable

Collected $333 on account?

Cash 333

Accounts receivable 333

Accounts Receivable

8-15

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 267 25 End.

Sale 100

Accounts Receivable

Collected $333 on account?

Cash 333

Accounts receivable 333

333 Coll.

Accounts Receivable

8-16

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 267 25 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.

Accounts Receivable

Adjustment of $15 for estimated bad debts?

Bad debt expense 15

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 15

Accounts Receivable

8-17

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 267 40 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.

Accounts Receivable

Adjustment of $15 for estimated bad debts?

Bad debt expense 15

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 15

15 Est.

Accounts Receivable

8-18

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 267 40 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.

15 Est.

Accounts Receivable

Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10?

Allowance for Doubtful accounts 10

Accounts receivable 10

Accounts Receivable

8-19

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 257 30 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.

15 Est.

Accounts Receivable

Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10?

Allowance for Doubtful accounts 10

Accounts receivable 10

W/O 10 10 W/O

Accounts Receivable

8-20

Accounts Receivable

Current Assets:

Supplies 40$

Inventory 812

Accounts receivable 257

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (30) 227

Cash 330

Total current assets 1,409

Statement of Financial Position (partial)

ABC Corporation

8-21

Ilustrasi: Misal Warden Co. menghapus (writes off) saldo

hutang M. E. Doran’s sebesar HK$1,600 balance karena

ditetapkan sebagai tak tertagih pada 12 Desember 12. Jurnal:

Bad debts expense 1,600

Accounts receivable 1,600

Direct Write-off Method for Uncollectible Accounts

Accounts Receivable

Theoretically undesirable: No matching. Receivable not stated at cash realizable value. Not acceptable for financial reporting.

LO 3

8-22

Allowance Method for Uncollectible Accounts

1. Perusahaan memperkirakan accounts receivable

yang tidak tertagih (uncollectible).

2. MenDebit Bad Debt Expense dan mengKredit

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (kontra-akun aset-

Account Receivable).

3. Perusahaan mendebit Allowance for Doubtful

Accounts dan mengkredit Accounts Receivable

pada saat menghapus (writte off) karena ditetapkan

sebagai tak tertagih.

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

8-23

Ilustrasi: Hampson Furniture memiliki penjualan kredit

€1,200,000 pada 2014, yang mana €200,000 belum terbayar

per 31 Desember. Manajer kredit memperkirakan €12,000

tidak tertagih.

Bad debt expense 12,000Dec. 31

Allowance for doubtful accounts 12,000

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

8-24

Illustration 8-3Presentation of allowancefor doubtful accounts

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

8-25

Ilustrasi: Wakil presiden Keuangan Hampson Furniture

mengotorisasi penghapusan €500 saldo piutang balance R. A. Ware

pada 1 Maret 2015. Jurnalnya:

Allowance for doubtful accounts 500Mar. 1

Accounts receivable 500

Illustration 8-4

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

Recording Write-Off of an Uncollectible Account

8-26

1

July 1

Ilustrasi: Pada 1 Juli, R. A. Ware membayar €500 yang sudah

dihapus pada 1 Maret. Jurnal yang dibuat Hampson:

Accounts receivable 500

Allowance for doubtful accounts 500

Recovery of an Uncollectible Account

Cash 500

Accounts receivable 500

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

8-27LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases

companies use to value accounts receivable.

Illustration 8-6

Accounts Receivable

Estimating the Allowance

Emphasis on Income Statement Relationships

Emphasis on Statement of Financial Position Relationships

8-28

Manajemen mengestimasi bebrapa persen dari penjualan kredit yang akan tidak tertagih. Persentase ini berdasarkan pengalaman di masa lalu dan kebijakan kredit

Mengestimasi Allowance

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

Illustration 8-6

Menekankan pada hubungan Income Statement

8-29

Ilustrasi: Misal Gonzalez Company memilih menggunakan basis persentase penjualan (percentage-of-sales). Diputuskan 1% penjualan kredit bersih akan tidak tertagih. Bila penjualan kredit bersih 2014 €800,000, jurnal penyesuaian adalah:

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

Bad debts expense 8,000Dec. 31

Allowance for doubtful accounts 8,000

Percentage-of-Sales

* €800,000 x 1%

*

Accounts Receivable

8-30

Menekankan pada penandingan expenses dg revenues.

Jurnal penyesuaian untuk mencatat bad debts expense

mengabaikan saldo yang ada pada akun Allowance for

Doubtful Accounts.

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

Percentage-of-Sales

Illustration 8-7

Accounts Receivable

8-31

Manajemen menetapkan persentase hubungan antara jumlah piutang dan kerugian yang diperkirakan dari piutang tak tertagih

Estimating the Allowance

Accounts Receivable

LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

Illustration 8-6

Menekankan hubungan Statement of Financial Position

8-32

Illustration 8-8

Menghitung umur piutang - saldo pelanggan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan lamanya waktu mereka belum dibayar.

Accounts Receivable

LO 3

8-33

Ilustrasi: Misal unadjusted trial balance menunjukan Allowance for

Doubtful Accounts bersaldo kredit $528. Siapkan jurnal

penyesuaian dengan asumsi estimasi piutang tak tertagih

berdasarkan tabel umur adalah $2,228 .

Bad debts expense 1,700Dec. 31

Allowance for doubtful accounts 1,700

Illustration 8-9 Bad debts accounts after posting

Estimating the Allowance

Accounts Receivable

LO 3

8-34

Alasan utama perusahaan menjual piutang.

1. Piutang mungkin satu-satunya sumber kas.

2. Penagihan sering memakan waktu dan mahal.

LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.

Pelepasan Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

8-35 LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.

Factor

Perusahaan Keuangan atau bank.

Membeli piutang dari perusahaan dan menagih

pembayaran langsung ke pelanggan.

Mengenakan komisi pada perusahaan yang menjual

piutang.

Komisi mulai dari 1-3% dari piutang yang dibeli.

Sale of Receivables

Accounts Receivable

8-36

Ilustrasi: Misal Tsai Furniture menjual NT$600,000 dari piutang pada Federal Factors. Federal Factors mengenakan biaya jasa 2% dari jumlah piutang yang dijual. Jurnal untuk mencatat penjualan piutang Tsai Furniture:

LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.

Accounts receivable

600,000

Cash 588,000

Service charge expense 12,000

(NT$600,000 x 2% = NT$12,000)

Accounts Receivable

8-37 LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.

Dicatat sebagai penjualan tunai.

Pedagang membayar biaya 2 to 6% pada penerbit kartu

untuk memproses transaksi.

Accounts Receivable

Credit Card Sales

8-38 LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.

Illustration: Lee Co. Membeli lagu NT$6,000 untuk restorannya dari Yang Music Co., menggunakan Visa First Bank Card. First Bank mengenakan biaya 3%. Jurnal pada Yang Music :

Sales revenue

6,000

Cash 5,820

Service charge expense 180

Accounts Receivable

8-39

Perusahaan dapat memberikan kredit yang ditukar dengan

promissory note. Promissory note adalah janji tertulis untuk

membayar sejumlah uang pada waktu tertentu.

Promissory notes mungkin digunakan

1. saat persedorangan atau perusahaan meminjam atau

meminjamkan uang,

2. ketika jumlah transaksi dan jangka waktu kredit melebihi

batas normal, atau

3. penyelesaian piutang.

Notes Receivable

8-40

Illustration 8-11

Untuk penerima, promissory note adalah note receivable.

Untuk pembuat, promissory note adalah note payable.

Notes Receivable

8-41 LO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes receivable.

Note dinyatakan dalam

Months

Days

Computing InterestIllustration 8-14

Menentukan Tanggal Jatuh Tempo (Maturity Date)

Notes Receivable

8-42

Saat menghitung hari, abaikan tanggal penerbitan note,

tapi tambahkan tanggal jatuh tempo.

Illustration 8-15

Computing Interest

Notes Receivable

LO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes receivable.

8-43

Ilustrasi: Calhoun Company menulis ₤1,000, two-month, 12%

promissory note tertanggal 1 Mei, untuk menyelesaikan

piutang pada Wilma Company. Jurnal Wilma Company untuk

mencatat penerimaan note.

Notes receivable 1,000

Accounts receivable 1,000

Recognizing Notes Receivable

Notes Receivable

LO 6 Explain how companies recognize notes receivable.

May 1

8-44

Valuing Notes Receivable

Melaporkan short-term notes receivable pada cash

(net) realizable value.

Estimasi cash realizable value dan bad debts expense

sama seperti pada accounts receivable.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is used.

Notes Receivable

LO 7 Describe how companies value notes receivable.

8-45

Pelepasan Notes Receivable

LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.

1. Notes bisa dipegang sampai tanggal jatuh tempo.

2. Penerbit mungkin gagal bayar dan penerima harus

membuat penyesuaian.

3. Pemegang mempercepat konversi ke kas dengan

menjual note receivable.

Notes Receivable

8-46

Honor of Notes Receivable

LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.

Penerbit membayar penuh pada tanggal jatuh tempo.

Dishonor of Notes Receivable

Tidak dibayar penuh pada saat jatuh tempo.

Tidak bisa dinegosiasikan.

Notes Receivable

Pelepasan Notes Receivable

8-47

Ilustrasi: Wolder Co. meminjamkan pada Higley Co. €10,000

pada 1 Juni, menerima five-month, 9% interest note. Bila Wolder

menyajikan jurnal atas note dari Higley Co. per 1 November,

pada saat jatuh tempo, jurnal Wolder :

Honor of Notes Receivable

LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.

Cash 10,375Nov. 1

Notes receivable 10,000

Interest revenue 375

(€10,000 x 9% x 5/12 = € 375)

Notes Receivable

8-48 LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.

Interest receivable 300Sept. 1

Interest revenue 300

(€10,000 x 9% x 4/12 = € 300)

Illustration 8-16

Notes Receivable

Accrual of Interest Receivable

Ilustrasi: Misalkan Wolder menyusun laporan keuangan per 30

September, jurnal penyesuaiannya adalah.

8-49 LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.

Cash 10,375Nov. 1

Notes receivable 10,000

Interest receivable 300

Interest revenue 75

Notes Receivable

Accrual of Interest Receivable

Ilustrasi: Siapkan jurnal Wolder pada saat pelunasan di tanggal

1 November.

8-50 LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.

Accounts receivable 10,375Nov. 1

Notes receivable 10,000

Interest revenue 375

Notes Receivable

Dishonor of Notes Receivable

Ilustrasi: Misal ada indikasi bahwa Higley Co tidak dapat

membayar pada tanggal 1 November. Jika Wolder Co.

mengharap akan ada penagihan di kemudian hari, maka

jurnalnya adalah (asumsi tidak ada bunga akrual sebelumnya)

8-51

Presentation

Identify in the statement of financial position or in the notes

each major type of receivable.

Report short-term receivables as current assets.

Report both gross amount of receivables and allowance for

doubtful account.

Report bad debt expense and service charge expense as

selling expenses.

Report interest revenue under “Other income and

expense.”

SFP

IS

Statement Presentation and Analysis

LO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.

8-52

Analysis

Illustration 8-17

Statement Presentation and Analysis

LO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.

Illustration: In a recent year Lenovo Group (CHN) had net sales

of $14,901 million for the year. It had a beginning accounts

receivable (net) balance of $861million and an ending accounts

receivable (net) balance of $728 million. Assuming that Lenovo’s

sales were all on credit, its accounts receivable turnover ratio

is computed as follows.

$14,901 ÷$861 + $728

2= 18.8 times

8-53

Analysis

Illustration 8-18

Statement Presentation and Analysis

LO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.

Illustration: Variant of the accounts receivable turnover ratio is

average collection period in terms of days.Illustration 8-17

$14,901 ÷$861 + $728

2= 18.8 times

365 days ÷ = 19.4 days18.8 times