1- Bone growth is influenced maximally by ? a- estrogen b- thyroxine c- growth hormone d- testosterone e- Paratiroid

2 - Albert schonberg disease is also called as ? a– osteoporosis b- osteodystrophy c- osteopetrosis d- osteitis punctata e- Spina ventosa

Osteopetrosis, literally "stone bone", also known as marble bone

disease or Albers-Schönberg disease, is an extremely

rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser, in

contrast to more prevalent conditions like osteoporosis, in which the bones

become less dense and more brittle, or osteomalacia, in which the bones

soften. Osteopetrosis can cause bones to dissolve and break.[1]

3 - Trident hand is seen in a- achondroplasia b- scurvy c- mucopolysaccaridosis d- rickets e- none of the above

4 - Rocker bottom foot is NOT seen in? a- congenital vertical talus b- CTEV over correction c- grice procedure d- Diabetic foot e- Edwards syndrome

This procedure can be used for calcaneocavus,

calcaneovalgus, talocalcaneal coalition,

congenital vertical talus, and isolated post

Grice procedure is not currently recommended for

varus deformity

5 - ganglion is most commonly seen over ? a- dorsal aspect of wrist b- volar aspect of wrist c- over forehead d- dorsum of the tongue e- plantar foot

6 - calcitonin is secreted by ? a- thyroid gland b- parathyroid gland c- adrenal gland d- ovaries e- Osteoblast

7 - All of the following can cause osteoporosis except a- hyperparathyroidism b- steroids use c- fluorosis d- thyrotoxicosis e- chronic kidney disease

8 - Rugger jersey spine is seen in ? a- fluorosis b- achondroplasia c- renal osteodystrophy d- marfan’s syndrome e- spine tuberculous

Osteosclerosis (9-34%) o One of the most common radiologic manifestations

Most common with chronic glomerulonephritis

o May be the sole manifestation of renal osteodystrophy

o Diffuse chalky density o Thoracolumbar spine in 60% with dense end-plates

produce appearance of rugger-jersey (rugger jersey spine)

9 - spina ventosa is seen in ? a- tuberculosis dactylitis b- meningo myelocele c- malignant melanoma d- Ostegenesis imperfecta e- all of the above

Tuberculous dactylitis, also known as spina ventosa, is a rare skeletal manifestation of tuberculosis where the short tubular bones (i.e. phalanges, metacarpals, metatarsals) are affected

10 - Osgood schlatters disease affects ? a- upper tibia b- lower tibia c- distal femur d- proximal femur e- proximal ulna

11 - Which of the following is the fracture of atlas vertebrae? a- Jefferson’s fracture b- Bennet’s fracture c- Essex loprestti frx d- Green stick fracture e- Hangman

Atlas (C1) fractures are usually the result of high-energy

injury with an axial loading mechanism to the C1 vertebrae

12 - Which bone tumor occurs in the epiphysis ? a- osteoclastoma b- Ewing’s sarcoma c- chondromyxoid fibroma d- osteosarcoma e- Osteoid osteoma

13 - Paget’s disease of bone (a) May present with neurological complications or a

pathological fracture (b) Causes an increase in both serum calcium and phosphate (c) Causes an decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase (d) Malignant change occurs in 25% of patients (e) The commonest malignant tumour in patients with Paget’s

disease is a chondrosarcoma

14. Regarding osteomalacia all are false except; (a) Is due to vitamin A deficiency (b) Can cause a distal myopathy (c) May present with pseudo-fractures (d) Serum calcium is increased (e) A bone biopsy would show an increase in mineralised

osteoid

15. Perthe’s disease all are true except; (a) Usually presents before 10 years of age (b) Is due to avascular necrosis of the distal femoral epiphysis (c) Is more common in boys (d) Plain x-ray may show the capital femoral epiphysis to be

smaller, denser and flatter (e) May require surgical containment with a subtrochanteric

osteotomy

Legg-Calve-Perthes is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of

the proximal femoral epiphysis in children

16. Regarding upper limb peripheral nerve injuries all are true except; (a) Injury to the median nerve results in a wrist drop (b) Injury to the median nerve results in loss of sensation over

the palmar aspect of the index finger (c) Injury to the radial nerve results in loss of sensation in the

anatomical snuffbox (d) Injury to the ulnar nerve results in a claw hand (e) Injury to the ulnar nerve results in loss of sensation over

the little finger

17. Regarding osteomyelitis, all are true except; (a) Is most commonly due to a staphylococcus aureus infection (b) Can be due to salmonella infection in patients with sickle

cell anaemia (c) Infection usually involves the metaphysis of long bones (d) It may cause increase or decrease of limb length (e) New bone forming beneath the periosteum is known a the

sequestrum

18. Regarding bone metastases all are true except; (a) Less than 5% of patients with malignant disease develop

bone metastases (b) 10% of patients with bone metastases develop a

pathological fracture (c) Breast cancer is the commonest cause of bone metastases

in women (d) Isotope scan can help early in the disease process (e) Prostate cancer can cause osteosclerotic lesions

19. Regarding osteoid osteoma all are true except; (a) It is a premalignant bone tumour (b) The femur and tibia are the commonest bones involved (c) Presents with severe pain that is typically relieved by

aspirin (d) Radiologically appears as a radiolucent lesion surrounded

by dense bone (e) Local excision or currettage is curative

20. Regarding osteosarcomas all are true except; (a) Affects the metaphyses of long bones (b) Are most commonly seen around the knee and in the

proximal humerus (c) Haematogenous spread can result in pulmonary metastases (d) Is exclusively a disease of adolescence and early adult life (e) X-ray shows a ‘sunburst’ appearance due to soft tissue involvement

21. Regarding rheumatoid arthritis all are true except; (a) Is a disease primarily of the articular cartilage (b) Is associated with the HLA antigens DR4 and DW4 (c) Occurs more often in women (d) The hand, elbows, knees and cervical spine are the

commonest joints involved (e) Extra-articular manifestations occur in 20% of patients

22) Which fracture description does not match its name? A) Lisfranc = dorsal dislocation of tarso-metatarsal joint +/- #

1st cuneiform or 2nd MT B) Monteggia = # proximal third ulna and dislocation of radial

head C) Clay-shoveller’s = avulsion of C3, 4,5 spinous processes D) Bennett’s = intra-articular # base of thumb metacarpal and

proximal, radial and dorsal displacement of distal fragment E) Holstein Lewis is humeral shaft Fracture with radial nerve

palsy

Clay-shoveler's fracture is a stable fracture through the

spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the

lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae, classically at

C6 or C7

23)The following statements are true EXCEPT A) Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture of the fore-arm and hand

may develop despite wrist pulses being present and the forearm skin being well perfused

B) ‘Fat pad’ sign is helpful for diagnosing occult #’s outside the elbow joint capsule

C) On the lateral XR of the elbow, the radio-capitellar line should intersect the middle 1/3 of the capitellum

D) 25 % of supra-condylar #’s are undisplaced and is the most common # involving the elbow in children

E) Pucker sign is a sign of arterial injury

24) In the child with Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE), which statement is FALSE? A) SUFE is a Salter Harris type fracture. B) Bilateral SUFE in a child under 10 years of age is more likely

to be associated with endocrine / metabolic disorders. C) The ‘Klein line’ is helpful in diagnosing SUFE D) A ‘Frog leg’ plain XR view of the hips is a helpful

investigation to diagnose SUFE E) left hip is more common

25) In the child with Leg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD), which statement is TRUE? A) It is a form of capital femoral epiphysis avascular necrosis

secondary to trauma B) CT imaging is preferred above plain ‘frog leg’ XR’s of the

hips C) Patients with suspected LCPD disease require admission for

further inpatient management. D) Is clinically indistinguishable from ‘acute synovitis’ E) treatment is typically observation in children more than 8

years of age

Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, primary or metastatic lesions, Legg–Calve–Perthes disease (LCPD), and

slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Other diagnoses include Lyme arthritis, pyogenic sacroiliitis,

and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis