13

* ‚\d ‚L$fZ ** ‚\d ‚L$fZ ** ‚\d ‚L$fZ ** ‚\d ‚L$fZ ** ‚\d ‚L$fZ *

`qfQep–dL$ :-`qfQep–dL$ :-`qfQep–dL$ :-`qfQep–dL$ :-`qfQep–dL$ :-

1:1 i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p° k¨rn· `qfQe :-1:1 i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p° k¨rn· `qfQe :-1:1 i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p° k¨rn· `qfQe :-1:1 i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p° k¨rn· `qfQe :-1:1 i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p° k¨rn· `qfQe :-

`Xm `Xm oh Y_©Ò` ΩbmoZ^©doV ^maV $&

A‰`wÀWmZ_Y_©Ò` VXm@À>_mZß g•OmÂ`h_≤ $&&

[naÃmUm` gmYyZmß odZmem` M XwÓH•$Vm_≤ $&

Y_©gßÒWm[ZmWm©` gß^dmo_ `wJ `wJ $&&*

Ac°]$Í$`1 ‚geL$pm kdp· \[p¨ c°]$deu2 k©rÙ$_u D–`r— \pe

R>°. ÏephlpqfL$ ◊rÙ$A° D–`r— dp” D–`fl L$[pÆ rkhpe Aiºe R>°. Ap

Aÿcy[ rhipm k©rÙ$_p¨ L$pfuNf AhZÆ_ue R>°. L$p°B [°_° ≈°B ApÚeÆ dp¨ gu_

\pe R>°, [p° L$p°B A°_y¨ ApÚeÆÍ$`° hZÆ_ L$f° R>°, [p° L$p°B hmu A°_y¨ ApÚeÆıhÍ$`°

ÓhZ L$f° R>°. A_° L$p°B [p° hmu ÓhZ L$epÆ R>[p¨ `Z kd∆ iº[p¨ _\u

dp_yju r_edp° [\p ıhcph\u [° Arg· R>°, R>[p¨ ≈Z° [°_° hi lp°e [°hp¨

A°_p¨ ApQfZ [\p Ïehlpf lp°e A°hp° ]°$Mph L$f° R>°. k©rÙ$_p¨ L$pfuNf Bf

`Z ƒepf° ƒepf° A°_u k©rÙ$_p¨ d|mdp¨ ^dp£√R>°]$ Í$`° rh_piS>_L$ ‚lpfp° \pe

A_° k©rÙ$_u sı\r[ cedp¨ Aphu `X°$ –epf° –epf° `p°[° `p°[p_y Akg S>fidfrl[

- Ahehfrl[ (AS>fidp, r_fheh) ıhÍ$` –e∆ ^dÆ_u kyı\p`_p L$fhp

‚L$V$ \pe R>°. kpdpfie fu[° Aphu dpfie[p ‚–e°L$ ^dÆ_u R>°.

S>° ^dÆ dpV°$ k©rÙ$r_e¨[p ApV$gu L$pm∆ fpMu `p°[° lpX$dp¨k_p° ApL$pf

^pfZ L$fu kyM ]y$:M, V$pY$ - [p` kl_ L$fhp [•epf \pe R>° [° ^dÆ L$ep° A_°

[°_y¨ ıhÍ$` iy¨ R>° ? r_Û`n`p[`Z° dp_h[p_u rhipm ◊rÙ$A° [p° [° ^dÆ

14

d_yÛeifuf dp¨ fl°g, d_yÛeifuf_° ^pfZ L$f_pf, V$L$phu fpM_pf, khÆ

‚h©r—_p¨ Ap^pfÍ$` Adf[“h_p° S> R>°. A° Adf[“h_° A_°L$Í$`° A_° _pd°

Ap°mMhpdp¨ [\p `|S>hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. kdN∞ b∞˚p¨X$, S>X$ Q°[_, `iy `nu,

d_yÛe hN°f°dp¨ A° Ïep`u f¸y¨ R>°. A° kdN∞ S>N[ ◊Ìe - A◊Ìe, Ïeº[ -

AÏeº[_p¨ Aœ f°œdp¨ R>°; A° khÆ” R>°. [°_p¨ rkhpe L$p°B`Z S>¡ep _\u. A°

AM|V$ isº[de R>°; [°\u S> ‚ge `R>u _hu k©rÙ$ fQ° ≈e R>°, A° S> L$pfZ°

A° `|ZÆ L$l°hpey¨ R>°. L°$ S>°dp¨\u `|ZÆ_p° ‚ge \pe [p° `Z `|ZÆ S> bpL$u fl°

R>°.3 Ap Adf[“h S> khÆ ^dÆ_p° `pep° ep d|m R>°.

d_yÛe_p¨ ıhp\Æde L$dp£\u A_°L$ ‚L$pf_p¨ AphfZp° `X$mp° L°$ `X$]$p

`X$u S>hp\u Ap Adf“h Ap√R>pq]$[ \B ≈e R>°, Y¨$L$pB ≈e R>°. QdÆQny_°

ANp°Qf A°hy¨ Ap Adf[“h_y¨ rhıdfZ \pe R>°. kde S>[p¨ Aphy¨ L$p°B

Adf[“h R>° L°$ L°$d A° rhj° `Z i¨L$p DW°$ R>°, A_° Adf[“h _\u S> A°hy¨

‚r[`p]$_ L$fu `p°[° A° dpfie[p_° A_ykfu [pdku ∆h_ ∆h° R>°. JVmZwJoVH$m

bmH$ï $& `⁄XmMaoV l>ï VŒmXdVam OZmï $& A° fiepe\u A°V$g° L°$ rhQpf L$peÆrh_p

S> D—d hNÆ_p¨ Óud¨[ ]°$Mp[p gp°L$p°_p¨ ApQfZ_° A_ykfhp_p° S>_ıhcph

lp°hp\u ^ud° ^ud° Apkyfu - fpS>ku [\p [pdku ^dÆ_y¨ kpd∞pƒe h^[y¨ ≈e

R>°. `qfZpd° gp°L$p°_° hpı[rhL$ ‚h©r—, hpı[rhL$ r_h©r— L°$ L$[ÆÏe - AL$[ÆÏe_y¨

cp_ fl°[y¨ _\u. S>N[_° Ak–e, r_epdL$ rh_p_y¨ A_° ˜u-`yfyj_p¨ L°$hm

k¨ep°N_p¨ amıhÍ$` dp_u _psı[L$ d[_p° Ap^pf gB L$pdæ$p°^ hN°f° ]$p°jp°\u

Y¨$L$pe°gp, kp^y dlp–dpAp°_p¨ i”yAp° A°hp Apkyfu d_yÛep° S>N[_p° _pi

L$fhp A\£ dp°V°$ cpN° D–`fl \pe R>°. A_° D–`fl \ep bp]$ A°d_p Apkyfu

ıhcph_° A_ykfu S>N[_p° _pi L$fhp ‚h©— b_° R>°.

15

Aphp° L$V$p°L$V$u_p° kde D`sı\[ \[p¨ Ap Adf[“h `p°[° S>N[_p¨

A¨^L$pf ]|$f L$fu ıh‚L$pi ‚kpfhp, Apkyfu ‚h©r—_° lZhp A_° A° Adf“h

dpV°$ ∆h_ A`ÆZ L$f_pf kp^y k¨[p°_p fnZ L$fhp ‚L$V$ \pe R>°. d_yÛeÍ$`°

‚L$V$ \[p Ap [“h_° L$p°B Bf, ep Bfph[pf L$l° R>°. ÓuL©$ÛZ, dl¨d]$,

S>f\yıV≤$, ∆kk æ$pBıV$, hN°f° Aphp L$pep£ dpV°$ ‚L$V$ \ep A_° `p°[`p°[p_p

eyN_° A_ykfu S>Í$fu L$pep£ gp°L$rl[p\£ L$fu QpÎep Nep.

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ `Z A° S> L$p°qV$_p¨ dlp_ eyN`yfyj l[p. [°Ap°_y¨

‚pL$V$È `Z rhi°j L$peÆ dpV°$ \ey l[y. [° L$peÆ_u ı`Ù$[p dpV°$ [° kde° ‚h[Ædp_

^prdÆL$ - kpdprS>L$ fu[qfhp≈°_u kdpgp°Q_p L$fhu ep°¡e NZpi° L°$ S>°_p\u

Ap dlprhc|r[_p ep°N]$p__u AphÌeº[p_p° øepg Aphu iL°$.

* Óudÿ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ‚p]y$cpÆh kde_u cpf[_u sı\r[ :-* Óudÿ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ‚p]y$cpÆh kde_u cpf[_u sı\r[ :-* Óudÿ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ‚p]y$cpÆh kde_u cpf[_u sı\r[ :-* Óudÿ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ‚p]y$cpÆh kde_u cpf[_u sı\r[ :-* Óudÿ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ‚p]y$cpÆh kde_u cpf[_u sı\r[ :-

]hyoZ _ Ï`VrVmoZ O›_moZ Vd MmOw©Z $&

Vm›`hß dX gdm©oU Z Àdß dÀW [aßV[ $&&4

khÆ ^dp£dp¨ ^dÆ_p¨ dyøe b° rhcpN lp°e R>°. A°L$ cpN rhr^rh^p_5

[\p kpdprS>L$ kyÏehı\p_p°6 A_° bu≈° cpN [“hop__p°. S>°dp¨ ‚\d cpN

S>° rhr^rh^p_ L°$ kpdprS>L$ kyÏehı\p_p° R>° [° ‚≈_p¨ A°L$ Mpk hNÆ_° gpNy

`X°$ R>°, ƒepf° bu≈° [“hop__p° rhcpN S° >rh_u kdN∞ `∞≈_° - kdN∞

k©rÙ$_° D`ep°Nu \B `X°$ R>°. [“hop_ L$p°B A°L$ hNÆ ep gp°L$p°_p° hpfkp° _\u

lp°[p°, `f¨[y [°_p° khÆ ‚Nr[dp_ d_yÛe D`ep°N L$fu iL°$ [°hp Myâp `yı[L$

kdp_ R>°. [“hop_ A°L$ A°hp° Ad|Îe M≈_p° R>° S>°_p S>° L$p°B B√R>° [°

hpfk]$pf \B iL°$ R>°, A° A°L$ A°hy¨ L$Î`h©n R>° L°$ S>°_p° ApÓe g°_pf_° ny^p,

[©jp L°$ Aip¨r[ _u Ïe\p fl°[u S> _\u. ^dÆ_p¨ Ap Dce A¨Np°_° ky◊Y$ L$fhp

16

A\£ A_° Mpk [p° hpı[rhL$ [“hop_ A°V$g° S>°dp¨ dpfp¨-[pfp¨ rh_p_p A‹•[

Ac°]$_p°, r_ÛL$pd ‚°d_p° ‚kpf L$fhp S>Nrfi_e¨[p Agp•qL$L$ rhc|r[Í$`° ‚L$V$

\pe R>°. i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ `Z Aphp A_pq]$ OV$_p_p¨ A°L$ Aÿcy[ OV$Í$`° ‚L$V$

\ep.

B.k. 320 \u 500 _p° Ny· kde cpf[_p° kyhZÆeyN l[p°. rlfi]y$

^dÆ [°_u L$ur[Æ A_° k—p_p¨ riMf° l[p°. Ny· kpd∞pƒe_u `X$[u \[p [°d_u

`R>u Aph°gp lZp°_p¨ kdedp¨ ]°$i fpS>Lu$e, kpdprS>L$, ^prdÆL$ A_° _•r[L$

T¨Tphp[dp¨ k`X$pep°. R>Ã$u - kp[du i[pÂ]$u dp¨ cpf[]°$i rhrcfi_

d[d[p¨[fp°_u ‚Qpf c|rd b_u f¸p° l[p° i|fiehp]$, A_°L$pfi[hp]$ [\p d¤dp¨k

- blzg[p¨r”L$ D`pk_p dpNÆ_u M¢QpM°Qudp¨ d|m h•q]$L$^dÆ fl¢kpB f¸p°

lp°B dlp_ k¨L$V$_p¨ L$p°B DŸpfL$_° T¨Mu f¸p° l[p°.

S>° eyNdp¨ Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° ‚p]y$cpÆh \ep° [° eyN Ap›eps–dL$ A_°

kpdprS>L$ k¨OjÆ_p° eyN l[p°7. cpf[ fpS>Lu$e, kpdprS>L$ A_° ^prdÆL$ ◊rÙ$A°

rR>fi_ rcfi_ \B Ney¨ l[y¨8. Ap kde]$frdep_ i•hk¨‚]$pe A°L$ isº[ipmu

k¨‚]$pe [fuL°$ ApNm ApÏep°. hmu isº[ k¨‚]$pe L°$ S>° [°_u Apfp›ep [fuL°$

_pfu ıhÍ$r`Zu ]°$hu_° ıhuL$pf[p°, [° ‚kf[p° S>[p° l[p°. ipº[ k¨‚]$pe_u

`|S>_ rhr^Ap°dp¨ `Z A_°L$ N°ffur[Ap° ‚h°iu Q|L$u l[u, ]•$hu isº[_° b]$g°

gp°lu [fku ]°$hu_u D`pk_p \[u l[u.

Apd isº[, c•fh, L$p`prgL$, `piy`[, NpZ`–e hN°f° A_°L$

`¨\p° ]°$idp¨ ‚Qrg[ l[p, S>°Ap° Óyr[hpºep°_° `|hpÆ`f k¨b¨^\u rR>fi_rcfi_

L$fu Nd° [°d ep°∆ `p°[p_p r_¤dpNp£ _° k‚dpZ ]$ipÆhhp_p° ‚e–_ L$f[p

l[p. bp•Ÿ ^dÆ `Z `[__p dpN£ l[p°. bp•Ÿ^dÆdp¨ Atlkp, ]$ep L°$ _ur[_p¨

S>° khÆN∞p¸ A¨ip° l[p [°dp¨ _psı[º[p_° gu^° bp•Ÿp°dp¨ ]y$fpQpf `°W$p°.

17

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ S>fid kde° bp•Ÿ^dÆ_p¨ hm[p`pZu l[p. h•q]$L$ rhr^Ap°

r[fıL©$[ b_u l[u. h°]$p°_° ‚dpZc|[ _ dp__pfpdp¨ bp•Ÿp°_u dlpep_ ipMp_p°

dp°V$p° ‚cph l[p°. ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ S>fid `l°gp_p¨ k•L$pdp¨ op__u k¨hp]$p–dL$

‚°fZp A_° ‚cph _pi `pd°gp. ]°$hp°_u AQÆ_p Apfp^_p bpb[° d[c°]$p°

‚h[Æ[p l[p. Apd _•r[L$ A_° bp•qŸL$ N|¨QhpX$p° a°gpe°gp° l[p°. i•hp° A_°

h•ÛZhp° A¨^ÓŸpdp¨ fpQ[p l[p. bp•Ÿ _psı[L$hp]$_° a°gp[p° AV$L$phhp

L$dÆdpNwAp° L$dÆ D`f cpf d|L$u_° op_ [\p k¨fiepk_u V$uL$p L$f[p l[p.

A°L¨$]$f° Ap fu[° h•q]$L$ ^dÆ rhkpf° `X$Èp°. Ap ^dp£dp¨ `Z

A_r^L$pfuAp°_°, L$ydmuhe_p¨ bpmL$p°_° `Z k¨fiepkdpNÆdp¨ gpgQp° Ap`u

g°hpdp¨ Aph[p¨ gp°L$p°_° Ap ^dp£ ‚–e° Acph D–`fl \ep° A_° ‚–epOp[ue

ıhÍ$`° afu gp°L$p° `p°[p_p ‚pQu_ h°]$ - D`r_j]π$_p¨ ^dÆ [fa h˛ep. Ap

‚L$pf_p¨ k¨æ$p¨r[ kde_p¨ Apf¨cdp¨ Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_y¨ rhr_ed A_pq]$Qæ$_°

A_ykf[p h°]$-D`r_j]π$ ^dp£_p¨ DŸpfp\£ ‚pL$V$È S>Í$fu bfiey¨9.

Ah[p¨f dudp¨kp :-Ah[p¨f dudp¨kp :-Ah[p¨f dudp¨kp :-Ah[p¨f dudp¨kp :-Ah[p¨f dudp¨kp :-

ƒepf° ƒepf° d_yÛep° `f ]y$:Mp° L°$ Apa[p° Aphu `X°$ R>°, –epf°

F>rjdyr_Ap°, k¨[ dlp–dpAp° hN°f°_° rh_p¨ ep°Nn°d_u tQ[p k[phhp gpN°

R>°. crhÛep°—f `yfpZdp¨ rihflıe _pd_p¨ A›epedp¨ L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ L$rmeyNdp¨

rhr_edÍ$` A_ykf[p h°]$, D`r_j]π$ [\p ıd©r[_p¨ ^dÆ_u fnp L$fhp [\p

cº[p° - kp^yAp°_p¨ fnZ dpV°$ `fd°f _uggp°rl[ dlp]°$h `p°[° i¨L$fpQpeÆ

Í$`° Ah[pf g°i° A_° op_ dpV°$ [gk[p dydynyAp°_° h°]$rhrl[ ^dp£ [\p

h°]$p¨[_p kpfc|[ b∞˚ıhÍ$`_p¨ op__p° D`]°$i L$fi°10.

18

""H$bm° È–m _hmXdm bmH$mZm_rúaï [aï $&&

H$naÓ`À`dVmaß Òdß eßH$am ZrbbmohVï $&

lm°VÒ_mV©‡oV>mW™ ^∑VmZmß ohVH$mÂ``m $&&

C[X˙`oV VO≤kmZß oeÓ`mUmß ]´˜gßo_V_≤ $&

gd©dXm›Vgmaß M Y_m©›dX oZXe©ZmZ≤'' $&& crhÛep°—f `yfpZ

hmu A°d `Z kdS>hpdp¨ Aph° R>° L°$ -

ƒepf° ƒepf° ^dÆ_y¨ ıhÍ$` b]$gpe R>° –epf° –epf° e_≤ H$amoV BoV

eßH$a ‚pZudp”_° kyM D–`fl \pe [° dpV°$ Ah[pf ^pfZ L$f° R>°. ^dÆ_y¨

ıhÍ$` k¨kpf_p¨ [p`p°\u R|>V$L$pfp° d°mhhp_y¨ R>° A_° [° op_ ‹pfp \pe R>°.

^dÆop_ ‹pfp Adgdp¨ d|L$pe R>°. [°dp¨ f≈° NyZ L°$ [dp°NyZ Í$`u L$pep£

L$pd Aph[p _\u. gp°L$p°_p¨ Ap¨[qfL$ rhQpfp°_° op_ ‹pfp S> b]$gu iL$pe

R>°. A°dp¨ f≈°NyZ Í$`u bm≈°fu L°$ [dp°NyZÍ$`u M|_pdfL$u L$pd Aph[p¨

_\u. ^dÆ_p¨ ıhÍ$`_° b]$ghpdp¨ op_ S> AL$kuf D`pe R>°. Aphp

op_ıhÍ$` [°S>ıhu cNhp_ i¨L$f `pk° rh k¨Qpg__u tQ[p k°h_pf

khÆ ]°$hp° ‚p\Æ_p¨ L$fhp gp¡ep :-

""bp•Ÿp°A° i|fiehp]$ ]$pMg L$fu h°]$_p¨ L$dÆL$p¨X$, D`pk_pL$p¨X$ A_°

op_L$p¨X$_p° _pi L$ep£ R>°, [°Ap°A° `p°[p_p¨ ^dÆip˜p° fQu [°_p° a°gphp° iÍ$

L$ep£ R>°. Ap\u h°]$pq]$^dp£ _° lpr_ `lp¢Qu R>°. dpV°$ S>N[_p¨ DŸpf dpV°$

h°]$pq]$^dÆ_y¨ fnZ L$fp°'' ]°$hp°_u ı[yr[ kp¨cmu cNhp_ i¨L$f bp°Îep L°$

l° ]°$hp° ! Ap khÆ lz¨ ≈œ¨ Ry>¨ A_° h°]$^dÆ_p¨ k¨fnZ dpV°$ lz¨ d_yÛe ]°$l

^fu_° [dpfu d_p°L$pd_p `|ZÆ L$fui, `pM¨X$ d[_y¨ M¨X$_ L$fui.

XwÓQ>mMmaodZmem` Edß Y_©gßÒWm[ZmWm© ]´ gyÃÒ` VmÀ[ © oZUm© ^mÓ` L$fui

19

A_° Qpf riÛep° kql[ e[ufi÷ i¨L$f_° _pd° `©’hu`f ‚NV$ \Bi. [d°

`Z d_yÛe]°$l ^pfZ L$fu_° d_° A_ykfip° [p° [dpfp° d_p°f\`|ZÆ \i°

A°d L$lu `p°[p_p `y” L$pr[ÆL$ ıhpdu_° L$¸y¨ L°$ - "l° kp•Áe ! S>N[_p¨

DŸpf dpV°$ lz¨ L$lz¨ [° kp¨cmp° r”L$p¨X$ h°]$_p° DŸpf L$fhp\u q‹≈°_p° DŸpf

\i°, b∞p˚Zp°_p¨ DŸpf \u S>N[_p° DŸpf \i°. L$pfZ L°$ hZpÆÓd_y¨ fnZ

L$fhy¨ A° [°d_p¨S> ApÓe° R>°. rhÛœ A_° i°j S>°hp dpfp l°[y_° ≈Z° R>°

[°d_° h°]$_p¨ D`pk_p¨ L$p¨X$_p° DŸpf L$fhp d¢ S> Apop L$fu l[u. [°\u

i¨L$$jÆZ A_° `[¨S>rg A° _pd\u [°Ap°A° D`pk_p L$p¨X$_p N∞fi\p° f√ep¨

R>°, op_L$p¨X$_p° DŸpf L$fhp lz¨ ıhe¨ Ah[pf ^fui A°d d¢ ]°$hp°_° L$¸y¨ R>°.

[d° kyb∞˚ŒeL$ydpqfg cÀ$ - cÀ$`p]$ A° _pd\u L$dÆL$p¨X$_p° DŸpf L$f≈°

[°dS> S>° S>° bp•Ÿp° h°]$^dÆ_° AX$QZ L$f[p¨ lp°e [°d_° ∆[u _° h°]$^dÆ_u

depÆ]$p_y¨ ı\p`_ L$f≈°. [d_° klpe \hp b∞˚p d¨X$_rdÓ _pd° ‚NV$

\i° A_° Bfi÷ ky^fihp fp≈ [fuL°$ Ah[fi°'. Apd L$pr[ÆL$ıhpdu Ly$dpqfg

cÀ$_p _pd° ©’hu`f ‚NV$ \ep. b∞ p d¨X$_rdÓ_p¨ _pd° A_° Bfi÷ ky fihp

fp≈_p¨ _pd° `©’hu `f ‚NV$ \ep. Bfi÷ ky^fihp fp≈_p° Ah[pf gB ‚°d

`|hÆL$ bp•Ÿp° kp\° lmhp dmhp gp¡ep. L$pr[ÆL$ ıhpdu L°$ S>°Ap° cÀ$`p]$_°

_pd° Ah[epÆ l[p [°Ap° h°]$p°_p¨ L$dÆL$p¨X$_p° bp° L$f[p¨ L$f[p¨ ky fihp fp≈_u

kcpdp¨ ApÏep. fp≈A° [°d_° dp_ Ap`u kp°_p_p¨ tklpk_ `f

b°kpX$Èp. bu∆ [fa bp•Ÿp°_° b°kpX$Èp –epf`R>u cÀ$`p]$ fp≈_° h°]$_p¨

L$dÆL$p¨X$_p° bp°^ L$fhp gp¡ep, A_° bp•Ÿp°_p¨ rkŸp¨[p°_p° _pi L$fhp

gp¡ep11.cÀ$`p]$ ‚\d h°i b]$gu_° riÛe [fuL°$ bp•ŸpQpep£ `pk° flu

[°d_p¨ rkŸpfi[p° iuøep l[p. A°V$g° A°d_p¨ S> rkŸp¨[p° ‹pfp A°d_p S>

20

d[_y¨ M¨X$_ L$f[p¨ l[p¨. R>°hV°$ fp≈_° h•q]$L$^dÆ `f ÓŸp \B, [°Ap° h•q]$L$

^dÆ_° dp_hp gp¡ep Ap\u bp•Ÿp°_° M°]$ \ep° [°Ap° `p°[p_y¨ A`dp_

kdS>hp gp¡ep. Aphu fu[° cÀ$`p]°$ L$dÆL$p¨X$_u ‚h©r— iÍ$ L$fu ]$u^u

A°V$g° lh° cNhp_ i¨L$f_p¨ ‚p]y$cpÆh_u iÍ$Ap[ \B.

∆h_ep°N :-∆h_ep°N :-∆h_ep°N :-∆h_ep°N :-∆h_ep°N :-

dp_h∆h__° dpNÆ]$iÆ_ Ap`_pf L°$V$gpL$ ]•$hu ∆hp–dpAp°12 `Z

dp_h b_u_° Aph° R>°. A_° kdy÷ d›e° fl°gu ]$uhp]$p¨X$u_u S>°d k¨kpf

kdy÷dp¨ Aphu `X°$gp k¨L$V$p°_p¨ MX$L$p°\u dp_h_° bQphu g°hp op__u

q]$Ïe ƒep°r[ ^pfZ L$f° R>°. `f¨[y Aphp ]•$hu ∆hp–dpAp°_° Aphhp dpV°$

`l°g°\u ep°S>_p L$fhu `X°$ R>°. k¨L$Î`, h∞[ L°$ [`_u kp^_p L$fhu `X°$ R>°.

cpf[ c|rdA° L$dÆc|rd R>°.

]$rnZ ]°$idp¨ L°$fg‚p¨[dp¨ `|ZpÆ _]$u_p¨ [uf° h©jpq÷ `hÆ[ `f

ıhe¨c|tgN Í$`° i¨L$f `p°[° ‚\d ‚NV$ \ep. [°d_u ‚°fZp\u fpS>i°Mf

_pd_p L$p°B fp≈A° –ep¨ A°L$ ]°$hpge (Q¨÷dp•guf) b¨^pÏey¨ A_° [°_u

|≈ L$fhp dp¨X$u, A° ]°$hpge `pk° lpgfu _pd_y - fp≈A° |≈\£ brnk

Ap`°gy¨ A°L$ Npd l[y¨ –ep¨ `¨qX$[p°dp¨ rifp°dqZ rh¤pr^fpS> _pd° A°L$

rihcº[ b∞p˚Z fl°[p° l[p°. [°_° –ep¨ `y”Í$`° Ah[fhp_u i¨L$f° B√R>p

L$fu. A° rh¤pr^fpS>_° –ep¨ |hÆS>fid_p¨ D—d k¨ıL$pf\u A°L$ b∞ [°S>hpmp°

y” D–`fl \ep°. A° rih_p¨ S>°V$gp¨ S> op_hpmp° l[p°. hpZudp¨ b©lı`r[

S>°hp° l[p°. [°\u [°_p r`[pA° [°_y¨ _pd rihNyfy `pX$Èy¨. [°_u Jdf°

rihA¨iph[pfu rihNyfy_° D`_e_ k¨ıL$pf L$fu rh¤p cZhp Nyfy_° –ep¨

dp°L$Îep. –ep¨ [°dZ° Nyfy_u ‚ur[ k¨`p]$_ L$fu, h°]$, D`r_j]π$, fiepe,

21

hN°f° ≈Zu gB A_° Np•[d, L$Zp]$, L$r`g, `[¨S>rg Apq]$ F>rjAp°_p¨

d[p° rhj° `p°[p_p Nyfy kp\° M¨X$_-d¨X$_ L$fhp gp¡ep. rh¤pÊepk `|ZÆ

\[p¨ [°dZ° S>ZpÏey L°$ Nyfy∆, dpfp° rhQpf [p° _•rõ$L$ b˚Qpfu flu Ap`_u

k°hpdp¨ ∆h_ Ïe[u[ L$fhp_p° R>°. Nyfy_u kd≈hV$ \[p¨ ıhN©l° ‚epZ13

\[p d¤ ¨qX$[_u L$fiep ApepÆÁbp (k[u) kp\° [°d_p¨ g¡_ \ep¨. rihNyfy

A_° k[u N©lı\pÓddp¨ flu ıh^dÆ `pm[p¨ A_° eoepNpq]$L$ `Z L$f[p¨

fl°[p Apd A_°L$ hjp£ hu[u Nep bp]$ `Z [°d_° L$p¨B k¨[p_ \ey¨ _rl.

Ap\u `r[-`s–_ b¨fl° cNhp_ i¨L$f_y¨ [` L$fhp¨ gp¡ep¨ L°$V$g°L$ L$pm°

i¨L$fcNhp_ ‚kfl \ep. [°dZ° L$¸y¨ L°$ - ""[dpf° OZp¨ hjÆ ∆h° [°hp°

AkhÆo y” ≈°BA° R>° L°$ AÎ`pey R>[p¨ khÆo y” ≈°BA° R>° ?'' rihcº[

]¨$`r[ Ly$im A_° rhh°L$u l[p [°dZ° _d∞[p\u L$¸y¨ L°$ - l° L©$`p_p\,

Adpf° dpV°$ A_° ApMpe rh_° dpV°$ S>° kpfy¨ lp°e, BÙ$ lp°e [°_p° r_ZÆe

Ap` S> L$fp°. Ap` S>° BÙ$ NZp° [° Ad_° dpfie R>° - Apd [°d_p¨

rh_ecepÆ hQ_p°\u L$kp°V$u dp¨\u `pf D[pf_pf rihNyfyA° R>°hV°$ AÎ`pey

R>[p¨ khÆo `y” ‚pr·_u B√R>p ]$ipÆhu. Apd cNhp_ rih° rihNyf y_ °

–ep¨ `y”Í$`° Ah[pf gu^p°. ‚\d rh¤pr^fpS>, bu≈ rihNyfy A_° ”u≈

i¨L$f Apd ”Z `°Y$uA° rihS>fid_u k¨`|ZÆ[p \B.

S>fidAh[pf :-S>fidAh[pf :-S>fidAh[pf :-S>fidAh[pf :-S>fidAh[pf :-

V[m _ ˆX`ß gmjmXmÀ_mhß V[gm@ZK $&&

g•Omo_ V[g°dXß J´gmo_ V[gm [wZï $&

o]^o_© V[gm odúß dr`™ _ Xw¸aß V[ï $&&14

gp°L$p°`ep°Nu `yrÙ$L$pfL$ ^pfie k[πn°” - kpfp M°[f dp¨, kpfu

22

L°$mhpe°gu S>du_dp¨ \pe R>° [°d kpdpfie fu[° dlp_ yfyjp° `Z k]$pQpfu,

ÓŸpmy csº[dp_p°_° –ep¨ Ah[f° R>°. Ap rkŸp¨[_u [’e[p ≈Z° kprb[

L$fu Ap`hp cNhp_ i¨L$f° [`ıhu h•fp¡eiug h°]$`fpeZ rihNyfy_° –ep¨

S>fid gu^p° [° kp\° [°d_p¨ L$peÆ_° klpe L$fhp rhÛœ rhdm _pd_p

b∞p˚Z `¨X$u[_° –ep¨ `⁄$`p]$_p¨ _pd\u Ah[epÆ A° khÆip˜p° dp¨ r_`|Z

l[p. hpey]°$h_p° Ah[pf lı[pdgL$Í$`° \ep°. hpey_p¨ ]$ip¨iph[pf [fuL°$

[p°V$L$pQpeÆ Ah[epÆ rigp]$ y” _¨q]$L°$f D]$L$ _pd° Ah[epÆ. b∞ p kyf°f

_pd° (A°V$g° L°$ d¨X$_rdÓ_° _pd°) A_° b©lı`r[ Ap_¨]$rNqf_° _pd°,

AÍ$Z k_¨]$_ A_° hfyZ rQ—kyM - _p¨ _pd° `©’hudp¨ D—d b∞p˚Zp°_°

–ep¨ Ah[epÆ.

b∞˚pA° Ah[pf g°hp\u [°d_p¨ `–_u kfıh[uA° [°d_° klpe L$fhp

dpV°$ Dcecpf[u _pd° ip°Z_]$u_p¨ qL$_pf° Aph°gp Npddp¨ rhÛœrd”

_pd_p¨ b∞p˚Z_° –ep¨ Ah[pf gu^p°. [°d_p¨ A`|hÆop__° gu^° [°Ap°

gp°L$p°dp¨ kfıh[u_p¨ _pd\u S> Ap°mMpep¨14. dp^hue ip¨L$f q]$s¡hS>e

[°_° ]y$hpÆkp \L$u ipr`[ ]°$hu kfıh[u_p° Ah[pf L$l° R>°. Ap ip`_u

Ahr^ i¨L$f_p¨ ]$iÆ_ ky^u _u R>°16.

i¨L$f A°S> i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-i¨L$f A°S> i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-i¨L$f A°S> i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-i¨L$f A°S> i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-i¨L$f A°S> i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-

Óu i¨L$f Ah[pfu `yfyj l[p L°$ L°$d A° rhj° ≈° L$p°B_° i¨L$p \pe [p°

[°_p kdp^p_dp¨ L$lu iL$pe A°d R>° L°$ - [°d_p¨ ∆h__y¨ rhl¨Nphgp°L$_

L$f[p¨ Ap bpb[ ı`Ù$`Z° kd≈i° L°$ b”uk hjÆ S>°V$gu AÎ`peydp¨

[°dZ° d°mh°gu A‚r[d rkqŸAp°, q]$s¡hƒe A_° 32 hjÆ_u AÎ`peydp¨

]°$lrhge - Ap b^yy iy¨ ApÚeÆS>_L$ A_° A]π$cy[ _\u ? Ah[pf L$p°qV≠$_p¨

23

dlp`yfyj S> Aphy¨ ‚Q¨X$ A_° rhfpV$ L$peÆ L$fu iL°$. A° ◊rÙ$A° ≈°BA° [p°

Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° Ah[pf `y_: h°]$^dÆ A_° A‹•[ rkŸpfi[_p¨ ı\p`_

L$fhp dpV°$ S> \ep° l[p°.

Apd Óu ]$rnZpd|r[Æ `∞cyA° cpf[ hjÆ_p¨ ]$rnZ rhcpNrhj°,

dgbpf ‚p¨[dp¨ `rh” `|ZpÆ_]$u_° L$p¨W°$ Aph°gp L$pgV$u_p¨17 `rh” Npddp¨

_¨b|f opr[_p18 `rh” b∞p˚Z Óu rihNyfy_p19¨ ıh^dÆ`fpeZ ^dÆ`–_u

k[u A¨bp_p¨ D]$f\u Apif° hjÆ B.k. 78820 A_° h•ipMky]$ `p¨Qd_u

d›efpr”_p¨ kde° `p°[p_p¨ ı\|m ifuf_p° AprhcpÆh ‚[u[ L$fpÏep°.

bpmL$_p¨ S>fid kde° khÆ hı[yAp° d¨Ngk|QL$ \B `iy`¨Mu hN°f°

d¨Nm›hr_ D√Qpfhp gp¡ep. q]$ipAp° ‚kfl \B, kyN¨^u hpey hphp

gp¡ep°. A^dÆ`fpeZ Apkyfu k¨`r—hpmp d_yÛep°_p¨ ˘]$edp¨ A°L$pA°L$

np°c \hp gp¡ep°. A_° k–e ^dÆ`fpeZ kà>_p°_p¨ ˘]$edp¨ Ap_¨]$p°rdÆ

DR>mhp gpNu. ÓuÏepk_y rQ—L$dm ‚azrâ[ \ey. ]°$h[pAp°A° ıhNÆdp¨\u

`yÛ`_u h©rÙ$ L$fu. gp°L$L$ÎepZp\£ S>N[dp¨ L$p°B dlp_ rhc|r[ S>fid^pfZ

L$f° R>° –epf° khÆ” d¨Ngde gnZp° S> ]°$Mpe R>°. Ap bpmL$_p° S>fid

dl°f (i¨L$f) _u L©$`p\u \ep° l[p°. Ap\u [°d_p dp[p - r`[p_u

`|ZÆÓŸpÍ$`° [°Ap°A° [°d_y¨ _pd i¨L$f `pX$Èy¨.

S>fid_p¨ N∞lp° A_° crhÛe L$\_ :-S>fid_p¨ N∞lp° A_° crhÛe L$\_ :-S>fid_p¨ N∞lp° A_° crhÛe L$\_ :-S>fid_p¨ N∞lp° A_° crhÛe L$\_ :-S>fid_p¨ N∞lp° A_° crhÛe L$\_ :-

S>fid_p¨ bu≈ q]$hk° rihNyfyA° ƒep°r[rhÆ]$p°_° bp°gphu y”_p¨ crhÛe

k¨b¨^u lL$uL$[ `|R>u –epf° [°Ap°A° S>fidL$pm_p¨ N∞lp° rhj° L$¸y¨ - Ap

bpmL$_p° S>fid Ar[ iycN∞lp°dp¨ \e°gp° R>°. L$LÆ$ g¡_dp¨ D√Qı\p_ dp¨

Nyfy R>° [\p k|eÆ, cp•d A_° ir_ ”Z°e D√Qı\p_ dp¨ lp°hp\u Ap

24

[dpfp° y” kd\Æ \i°. khÆo lp°B hp]$kcpdp¨ dp°V$p rh‹p_p° A_° ¨qX$[p°_p°

`fpS>e L$fi°. A_° Qpf°e q]$ipAp°dp¨ rhS>e d°mhu A^dÆ_p° _pi L$fu,

Apq]$ h°]$^dÆ_y¨ ı\p`_ L$fi°. `©’hu `f_p¨ A_°L$ A^dp£_° A_°

rd’ephp]$p°_° `fprS>[$ L$fu Qpf° q]$ipAp°dp¨ rhS>e ‚p· L$fu S>N]π$Nyfy

[fuL°$ L$ur[Æ d°mhi°$.*

rhriÙ$ gnZ :-rhriÙ$ gnZ :-rhriÙ$ gnZ :-rhriÙ$ gnZ :-rhriÙ$ gnZ :-

bpm i¨L$f_p¨ dı[L$ D`f Q¨÷_y¨ rQå l[y¨. L$`pmdp¨ _°”_y¨ A_°

McpAp° D`f r”i|m_y¨ rQå l[y¨. i¨L$f_p° f¨N iyŸ ıaqV$L$_p¨ S>°hp° DS>mp°

l[p°. R>p[udp¨ _pN, QfZdp¨ Qpdf, L$`pmdp¨ buS>_p° Q¨÷, lp\dp¨

Qæ$, N]$p, ^_yj, X$dfy, dp\p `f r”i|m Apq]$ f°MpAp° hpmp¨ kpdyq÷L$

gnZp°\u eyº[ i¨L$f_y¨ ıhÍ$` dp°l `dpX°$ [°hy¨ ApL$jÆL$ l[y¨.

Agp•qL$L$ bpÎeL$pm :-Agp•qL$L$ bpÎeL$pm :-Agp•qL$L$ bpÎeL$pm :-Agp•qL$L$ bpÎeL$pm :-Agp•qL$L$ bpÎeL$pm :-

bpm i¨L$f_p¨ ∆h__u iÍ$Ap[ kpdpfie _ l[u. A° A°L$ Ah[pfu

`yfyj_u bpmgugp l[u. bpÎehe\u S> i¨L$f° Agp•rΩ$ byqŸbm_p¨ rQåp°

]$ipÆÏep. Óui¨L$f khÆo R>[p¨ bpmL$_p¨ S>°hy¨ ApQfZ L$f[p¨ A_° d^yf

hQ_p°\u dp[p r`[p [\p kp•_° Ap_¨]$ Ap`[p. ‚\d hjÆ°S> Anfop_

‚p· L$eyØ A_° cpjp bp°g[p iuøep. [°d_u byqŸ A°hu [°S>ıhu l[u

[\p ıd©r[ A°hu [uh∞ l[u L°$ NyfydyM°\u A°L$hpf ÓhZ L$fhp\u S> b^y¨

iuMu S>[p¨. buS>° hj£ gM[p¨ hp¨Q[p¨ iuøep ”uS>° hj£ L$pÏe ip˜ A_°

AÙ$p]$i `yfpZp° iuøep. ”u≈ hjÆdp¨ bpmi¨L$f_p° r`[pA° rhr^`|hÆL$

Qp•gk¨ıL$pf L$ep£. A° `R>u ep°¡e he° A°d_p° D`_e_ k¨ıL$pf L$fhp_u

r`[p rihNyfy_u B√R>p l[u. `f¨[y L$pm_u Nr[ rhrQ” R>°. i¨L$f_p¨ r`[p_u

25

Ap B√R>p `|fu \pe [° `l°gp¨ S> A°L$pA°L$ [°d_y¨ Ahkp_ \ey¨. `y”_y¨

kyM [\p [°_p¨ ∆h__p° D]$eL$pm ≈°hp_y¨ r`[p_p¨ A◊Ù$dp¨ OX$pey¨ _rl.

i¨L$f_u S>__u_y¨ A°L$ _pd kyc÷p l[y¨. ip°L$dî rQ—° opr[_p¨ dpZkp°

`pk° [°Z° `p°[p_p `r[_u A¨–e°rÙ$ qæ$ep L$fphu. d©[ `r[_u `pR>m S>°

L$[ÆÏe^dÆ L$fhp_y¨ l[y¨ [° `Z Apf¨cu ]$u^y. `r[rhep°N_y¨ ]y$:M Ak¸

l[y¨ `f¨[y `p°[p_° A°L$ Agp•qL$L$ `y”f–__u ‚pr· \B R>° A° rhQpf\u [°

`p°[p_y¨ ]y$:M c|ghp gp¡ep. A°L$ hjÆ_u d©[pip•Q_u ]$ipdp¨\u dyº[ \B

i¨L$f_p° D`_e_ k¨ıL$pf L$fhp dp[p Ap[yf bfiep. `p¨Qd° hj£ ipL°$ 615

_p¨ Q•” ky]$ _hdu_p¨ q]$hk° [°dZ° `y”_p° D`_e_ k¨ıL$pf L$fpÏep°.

–epf`R>u [f[ S> dp[pA° i¨L$f_° Nyfy_° –ep¨ cZhp dpV°$ dp°L$Îep.

26

-: rinp‚pr· A_° NyfyLy$m r_hpk :--: rinp‚pr· A_° NyfyLy$m r_hpk :--: rinp‚pr· A_° NyfyLy$m r_hpk :--: rinp‚pr· A_° NyfyLy$m r_hpk :--: rinp‚pr· A_° NyfyLy$m r_hpk :-

oed Ed JwÈï gmjmV≤ JwÈad oedï Òd`_≤ $&

C^`ma›Vaß oH$o¸›Z kmVÏ`ß _w_wjwo^ï $&&

bpm i¨L$f rh¤pÊepk dpV°$ NyfyN©l° f¸p. Nyfy `pk°\u h°]$p¨N kp\°

Q[yh£]$_y¨ A›ee_ L$ey¨. ”Z S> dpkdp¨ Nyfy_p¨ S>°V$gu rh¤pAp° A°dZ°

‚p· L$fu. ÏepL$fZ Apq]$ h°]$ip˜p°_y¨ `W$_ L$fu `pf¨N[ \[p [°d_° hpf

_ gpNu. [°d_y¨ A]πcy[ op_ ≈°B Nyfy`Z ApÚeÆ `pd[p `f¨[y i¨L$f[p°

S>fid\u S> khÆo l[p. S>°Ap° ÓhZ `W$_ L$epÆ rkhpe `Z khÆrh¤p

kÁ`fl l[p S>. b° hjÆ S>°V$gp¨ AÎ` kdedp¨ [p° i¨L$f [dpd ip˜p°dp¨

`¨qX$[ \B Nep. ApW$ hjÆ `|ZÆ \[pdp¨ [p° [°d_° dpV°$ ≈Z° ]$iÆ_p° kp¨L$X$p

`X$hp gp¡ep. ≈Z° N¨Np_p [u\pÆq]$L$ `pk° Ly$hp. rh¤p rh‹p__° ip°cph°,

i¨L$fpQpeÆ rh¤p_° ip°cph[p.

i¨L$f NyfyLy$mdp¨ f¸p [° ‚k¨N_u A°L$ ky¨]$f hp[ R>°. A°L$ h°mp Nyfy_p¨

ApÓddp¨ fl°gp kdp_he_p¨ klp›epeu rh¤p\wAp° kp\° i¨L$f rcnp

dpV°$ A°L$ ]$qf÷ b∞p˚Z _° O°f S>B QY$Èp. A_° "o^j›Zß Xoh' A°hp°

D√Qpf L$ep£. Ap kp¨bmu b∞p˚Z `–_u blpf Aphu L$l°hp gpNu L°$ -

""l° b∞ Qpfu bVy$L$! Ap`_p S>°hp dlp–dpAp°_u S>°Ap° |≈ L$f° R>° [°Ap°_°

^fie R>°. `f¨[y rh^p[pA° Ad_° ^_ rh_p_p¨ fpøep R>°. Ad° cp¡elu_

]$qf÷u R>uA°. Adpfp Ofdp¨ rcnp Ap`hp S>°hy¨ L$p¨B kp^_ _\u. r^Ω$pf

R>° Adpfp S>fid_° ! N©lı\pÓd ^dÆ ‚dpZ° Aph°gp Ar[r\_° rcnp

AhÌe Ap`hu ≈°BA°.'' Ap fu[_p¨ L$fyZpS>_L$ hQ_p° bp°g[p¨ bp°g[p¨

b∞p˚Z_u `–_u Ofdp¨ Qpgu NB. A_° rcnp dpV°$ L¨$BL$ ip°^hp gpNu.

27

Ofdp¨ Afi__p° ]$pZp° `Z _ l[p°, `f¨[y ip°^ L$f[p¨ A°L$ Apdmp_y¨ am

lp\ ApÏey¨. [° gphu i¨L$f_° rcnp A\£ A`ÆZ L$eyØ. b∞p˚Z `–_u_u

Aphu ]$u_]$ip r_lpmu i¨L$f_° ]$ep Aphu. [°dZ° gˇdu∆_u ı[yr[ L$fu.

A° [°d_u ‚\d L$pÏe fQ_p L$_L$^pfp ı[p°”. gˇdu∆ ‚NV$ \ep A_°

‚kfl \B _° L$¸y¨ - ""l° i¨L$f ![dpfp° d_p°cph d¢ S>pŒep° R>°, `f¨[y Ap

b∞p˚Z° `|hÆS>fiddp¨ L¨$B `Z iyc L$dÆ L$eyØ _\u, [°\u Ap S>fiddp¨ dpfu

A°_p D`f L©$`p iu fu[° \B iL°$ ? Ap kp¨cmu i¨L$f° L$¸y¨ - "l° gˇdu

]°$hu, [dpf° Ap b∞p˚Z_p¨ L$peÆ [fa ≈°hp_y¨ _\u, `Z dpfp D`f [dpfu

L©$`p lp°e [p° Ap b∞p˚Z_u ˜uA° d_° ldZp¨ A°L$ Apdmp_y¨ am Ap‡ey¨

R>°, [°_y¨ am [d° [°_° Ap`p°', i¨L$f_p¨ hQ_p°\u k¨[p°j `pdu gˇdu∆A°

Ap ]$qf÷ b∞p˚Z_y¨ Of kyhZÆ_p¨ ApdmpAp°\u cfu ]$u^y¨.'' A° Of kyhZÆ

N©l L$l°hpey¨. S>° ApS>° `Z A°S> _pd ^fph° R>°. Óu dlp]°$h_π$_u _p¢^

dyS>b Ap A_pd _pfu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ‚\d k°hp L$peÆ - ]$pqf÷e r_hpfZdp¨

A_° ‚\d L$pÏe fQ_p L$_L$^pfp ı[p°”dp¨ r_rd— b_u R>°. ^fie R>° A°

_pfu f–__° $$&*

b° hjÆ NyfyLy$mdp¨ flu kp[ hjÆ_u he° i¨L$f k¨`|ZÆ rh¤pÊepk L$fu

`p°[p_p¨ O°f ApÏep. kp[ hjÆ_p° Ap bpmL$ Aq‹[ue rh‹p_ R>° A°kdpQpf

Qpf° q]$ipdp¨ ‚kf[p¨ [°_p¨ ]$iÆ_ dpV°$ gp°L$p°_p¨ V$p°m° V$p°mp Aphhp gp¡ep.

L°$V$gp¨L$ gp°L$p° `p°[p_u kp\° c°V$ `Z gph[p ƒepf° L°$V$gp¨L$ rh‹p_p° Ap

bpmL$_u `funp L$fhp Aph[p A_° bpmL$_u Akp^pfZ byqŸ ‚r[cp\u

`fp∆[ \B dy¡^ b_u_° `pR>p S>[p¨21. L°$V$gp¨L$ gp°L$p° bpm i¨L$f_u `pk°

rh¤pÊepk dpV°$ `Z Aphhp gp¡ep. i¨L$f Aphp rh¤p\wAp°_° cZphhp

28

A_° dp[p_u k°hp L$fhp gp¡ep. dp[p-`y” h√Q°_p° ı_°l ‚bm l[p°.

dp[p `y”_y¨ ky¨]$f ifuf, d^yf hQ_ A_° Ly$im byqŸ ≈°B Ap_¨]$ `pd[p¨

l[p¨. A_° Aphp ky`y”_u dp[p \hp dpV°$ `p°[° `p°[p_° cp¡eipmu

dp_[p.

bpm i¨L$f_u Aphu A]π$cy[ ‚r[cp ≈°B_° gp°L$p° A_pepk° [°d_p¨

[fa ApL$jÆZ A_ych[p. [°d_u cÏe byqŸ ‚r[cp A_° Qd–L$pf isº[_p¨

hMpZ kp¨cmu L°$fm ]°$i_p¨ rh‹p_ A_° kà>_ dlpfpS> fpS>i°Mf° [°d_°

dmhp Apd¨”Z kp\° c°V$-kp°Np]$p° A_° `pgMu dp°L$gu. –epf° i¨L$f° [°

c°V$ A_° `pgMu_p° AıhuL$pf L$ep£. –epf° A–e¨[ _d∞ A_° r_fprcdp_u

A°hp fp≈ fpS>i°Mf ıhe¨ bpmi¨L$f_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fhp [°d_p¨ N©l° `^pepÆ.

fpS>i°Mf° `Z bpmi¨L$f kp\° h°]$p¨[ A¨N° QQpÆ L$fu. `p°[° fQ°gp ”Z

_pV$L$p° `Z [°d_° k¨cmpÏep. fpS>i°Mf_u k¨[p_ A¨N°_u B√R>p ≈Zu

[°d_° ApiuhpÆ]$ Ap`[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$22 - ""[d_° [dpfu S>°hp° S> `fpæ$du

A_° rh‹p_ `y” \i°.'' ApiuÆhp]$ gB fp≈ `pR>p aepÆ. `R>u \p°X$p S>

hM[dp¨ Óui¨L$f_u L©$`p\u [°d_p° d_p°f\ `|ZÆ \ep° A_° `y” f–__u

‚pr· \B.

i¨L$f_y¨ AÎ`ApeyÛe :-i¨L$f_y¨ AÎ`ApeyÛe :-i¨L$f_y¨ AÎ`ApeyÛe :-i¨L$f_y¨ AÎ`ApeyÛe :-i¨L$f_y¨ AÎ`ApeyÛe :-

Óu k]$prih° h°]$p°_p° DŸpf L$fhp `©’hu D`f Ah[pf ^ep£ R>° A°hy¨

≈Zu ANı–e, Np•[d, D`dfiey, ]$^urQ Apq]$ F>rjdyr_Ap° i¨L$f_°

dmhp ApÏep. dp[pA° [°Ap°_y¨ kfidp_ L$eyØ. A_° `y”_p¨ crhÛe rhj°

‚Òp° |Rπ>ep¨, dp[p k[uA° ANı–e dyr__° `p°[p_p¨ y”_y crhÛe |Rπ>ey.

–epf° [°dZ° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ - ""Ap [dpfp° `y” kpnp[π i¨L$f_p° Ah[pf R>°.

29

`|h£ [dpfp `r[A° [` L$fu i¨L$f_° ‚kfi_ L$epÆ l[p. [°\u i¨L$f° ‚kfl

\B hf]$p_ dp¨Nhp_y¨ L$l°[p [dpfp `r[A° khÆo R>[p¨ AÎ`pey¨ `y” dp¡ep°

l[p°. Ap `y”_y¨ ApeyÛe 16 hjÆ_y¨ R>°. `Z L°$V$gp¨L$ L$pfZp°\u bu≈ kp°m

hjÆ Ap `©’hu `f fl°i°. Ap fu[° 32 hjÆ_y¨ ApeyÛe R>°''. Ap `R>u

i¨L$f_u Apop gB khÆdyr_Ap° `p°[p_° ApÓd° Nep. `y”_y¨ AÎ` ApeyÛe

≈Zu dp[p tQ[p L$fhp gp¡ep.

ip°L$p[yf dp[p_° D`]°$i :-ip°L$p[yf dp[p_° D`]°$i :-ip°L$p[yf dp[p_° D`]°$i :-ip°L$p[yf dp[p_° D`]°$i :-ip°L$p[yf dp[p_° D`]°$i :-

1. gd™ dÒVw ^`mp›dVß ^wod Z•Umß d°amΩ`_dm^`_≤ $&&

2. AdÌ`_d ^m∫$Ï`ß H•$Vß H$_© ew^mew^_≤

Zm^w∫ß$ jr`V H$_© H$Î[H$moQ>eV°ao[ $&& 23

i¨L$f° ip°L$p[yf dp[p_° D`]°$i Ap‡ep° L°$ - dp[p ! Ap k¨kpf A_°

[°_p¨ khÆ k¨b¨^p°nZc¨Nyf R>°. `nuAp° S>°d kp¨S> `X$[p¨ h©n `f A°L$W$p¨

\pe R>° A_° ‚cp[ \[p¨ –ep¨\u rhM°fpB ≈e R>° [°d [°hp° Ap k¨kpf R>°.

l° dp[p, op_u \B Ap Ası\f ºg°hf_° rhi° sı\f lp°e A°hp° rhQpf

ip dpV°$ gphp° R>p° ?

AhoZ©eß qH$ [naqMVZr`ß

gßgma o_œ`mÀdoedmÀ_VŒd_≤ $&

H$m XrY©amJm ^d Ed gmYm

oH$_m°fY VÒ` odMma Ed $&&

Ap k¨kpfdp¨ OZuhpf [dpfp [\p dpfp S>fid \ep R>°. ‚–e°L$ S>fiddp¨

blz `y”p° A_° L$fiepAp° \ep li°. bfpbf rhQpf L$fu Sy>Ap° Ap k¨kpfdp¨

[d° OZp¨ y”- y”u_p¨ dp[p \ep¨ lip° A_° d¢ OZu ˜uAp°_p¨ `prZN∞lZ

30

L$epÆ li°. [° kOmp¨ `y”p°, L$fiepAp°, ˜uAp° ApS>° ºep¨ R>° ? Ap k¨kpfdp¨

˜u-`y”_p° kdpNd hV°$dpNy¨_p¨ kdpNd S>°hp° R>°. Aop_hi S>°Ap°

k¨kpfdp¨ r_e[ `qfc∞dZ L$f° R>° [°Ap° g°idp” kyM_p° A_ych L$f[p¨

_\u. k¨kpf_u ƒepf° Ap ‚L$pf_u ]y$]$Æip R>° –epf° lz¨ k¨kpfdp¨ Apkº[

b_u fl°hp_u B√R>p fpM[p° _\u. Ap chb¨^_ dp¨\u dyº[ \hp k¨fiepk

g°hp_u dpfu B√R>p R>°. S>° Ly$mdp¨ k¨fiepk g°_pf `y”_p° S>fid \pe, [°_p¨

A°L$p°[°f Ly$m_p° DŸpf \pe. op__° dpN£ S>_pfp [p° kp•_y¨ L$ÎepZ kp^°

R>°, Ap`_u k¨dr— dm°, [°_u S> lz¨ fpl ≈°D Ry>¨. dp[p i¨L$f_p° Ap

rhQpf ≈Zu A–e¨[ ÏepLy$m bfiep¨. `f¨[y i¨L$f dp[©cº[ l[p¨. dp[p_u

A_ydr[ rh_p [°Ap° L$iy¨ S> L$fhp B√R>[p _lp°[p¨.

dp[©cº[ i¨L$f :-dp[©cº[ i¨L$f :-dp[©cº[ i¨L$f :-dp[©cº[ i¨L$f :-dp[©cº[ i¨L$f :-

i[ hfk k°h° dp[_° f°, ≈° L$_L$ [p°m° L$pe;

[p° r_ip A°L$ iu[L$pm_u f°, `y” Ap°kuL$m _h \pe24.

A°L$ q]$hk Npd_u _∆L$_u _]$uA° dp[p `p°[p_p r_–e r_ed ‚dpZ°

ı_p_ L$fhp Nep `f¨[y `pR>p Aph[p rhg¨b \[p¨ - N∞uÛdF>[y_p° ApL$fp°

[p`-h©Ÿphı\p_u Aisº[ A_° `N° ]$pT[p dp[p_p¨ rhQpf\u i¨L$f ÏepLy$m

bfiep. i¨L$f\u ^•eÆ _ fl°[p [°Ap° _]$uA° ]$p°X$u Nep. dp[p_° ]$pT[p ≈°B

[°Ap° ]y$:Mu \ep. A_° dp[p_° O°f gpÏep. ]$ffπ≈° dp[p_° Ap ‚dpZ°

_]$uA° S>[p¨ L$Ù$ `X$[y¨ ≈°B_°, [° S> q]$hk°, _]$u_° `p°[p_p¨ Of _∆L$

`^pfhp [°dZ° rh_¨[u L$fu. i¨L$f° ÓŸp`|hÆL$ _]$u_u ı[yr[ L$fu. [°d_p `f

‚kfl \B_° _]$uA° - Aph[u L$pg° ‚p[: L$pg° [dpfp Of _∆L$ lz Aphui

- A° ‚dpZ° i¨L$f_° hf]$p_ Ap‡ey¨. buS>° S> q]$hk° ‚p[:L$pm \[p¨

31

kykhpV$p dpf[u _]$u i¨L$f_p¨ Of ApNm \B_° hl°hp gpNu. Ap ÷Ìe\u

_NfS>_p° ApÚeÆ `pÁep. Ap rh^hpdp[p_p° i¨L$f S> A°L$ dp” ""A¨^°

L$u gL$X$u'' kdp_ Ap^pf l[p. \pL°$gu dp[p_° Appk_Í$` i¨L$f_p¨

cprhL$\_\u A_° i¨L$f_u bpmgugp_p¨ Qd–L$pfp°_u ‚i¨kp [\p [°d_u

ep°NrkqŸAp°_u L$ur[ÆQp°d°f ‚kfu flu.

h•fp¡e_p¨ rhQpfp° :-h•fp¡e_p¨ rhQpfp° :-h•fp¡e_p¨ rhQpfp° :-h•fp¡e_p¨ rhQpfp° :-h•fp¡e_p¨ rhQpfp° :-

dlpL$rh c[©Ælqf h•fp¡e iL$[dp¨ L$l° R>° -

aÂ`ß hÂ`©Vbß Z qH$ dgV` lmÏ`ß Z J`moXHß$

qH$dm ‡mUg_mg_mJ_gwIß Z°dmoYHß$ ‡rV` $&

qH$VyX≤^´mßV[VÀ[VßJ[dZÏ`mbmbXr[mßHw$a-

¿N>m`mß MßMb_mH$bÊ` gH$bß gßVm dZm›Vß JVmï25

i¨L$f k¨fiepk g°hp_u A]$Áe B√R>p L°$ ‚°fZpdp¨ [Zp[p l[p¨ [p° dp[p

y”- y”h |_p¨ Arcfpd idZpdp¨ fpQ[u l[u. i¨L$fpQpe£ k¨fiepkpÓd_p°

drldp Npep°. "S>° Ly$mdp¨ k¨fiepk g°_pf `y”_p° S>fid \pe; [°_p¨ A°L$p°[°f

Ly$m_p° DŸpf \pe. op__° dpN£ S>_pf [p° kp•_p¨ L$ÎepZ kp^° R>°, Ap`_u

k¨dr— dm°, [°_u S> lz fpl ≈°J Ry>¨. Ap` ‚kfl \B d_° Apop Ap`p°.'

`p°[p_p A°L$_p A°M ‚°dpm bpmL$_u A° hp[ kp¨cmu dp[p∆ [p° AhpL$

\B Nep¨. [° ifuf° ∆ZÆ \B Nep¨ l[p¨. kp\° A°L$ dp[p_° S>° cph ≈N°

L°$, `p°[p_p° `y” N©lı\ b_° A_° ‚≈k¨[r[\u Of qL$Îgp°g L$f° A_° `R>u

L$pg_p æ$d° h_u b_u k¨fiepk ıhuL$pf°, A° ip˜_p Ap]°$i_° `Z [°

≈Z[p¨ l[p¨. dp[pA° M|b S> ^ufS> ^fu, `p°[p_p rh‹p_ `y”_° [°

hp[_u ≈Z L$fu, A° ∆h__p æ$d ‚dpZ° [p° k¨fiepk Qp°\p° Aph°, [°_u

32

≈Z [p° Ap rhŸp_ b∞˚Qpfu_° lp°e S> ! `Z A° [p° ∆h__p° kpdpfie

æ$d l[p°. S>°Z° Akp^pfZ ‚r[cp d°mhu gu^u lp°e A_° S>°_p ∆h_dp¨

L$p°B Ïesº[N[ gpc A\hp ı\p\Æ lp°e, [°Z° [p° ∆h_dp¨ `fdp\Æ S>

kp^hp_p° f¸p°. [°_p\u [p° A°L$ nZ `Z h°W$u _ g°hpe.

Ap k¨kpf [p° A°L$ b¨^_Í$` R>°. [°_u`L$X$dp¨ ApÏep° [° [p° iu fu[°

R|>V°$ ! bpmL$ i¨L$f Ap b^y¨ ≈Z[p l[p, `Z dp[p_u L$p°dm gpNZu

A_° Ap[yf ]$ip_u ApNm [° L$p¨B bp°gu iL°$ A°d _lp°[p. [°dZ° ∆h_

rhi° Aph°gu D]$pku_[p M¨M°fu _pMu A_° dp[p∆_° ‚kfi_ L$fhp [°dZ°

[°d_u k°hp ıhuL$pfu gu^u. dp[p_p l•epdp¨ [p° lfM dp[p° _lp°[p°.

[°d_° [p° \ey¨ L°$ bpmL°$ `p°[p_u hp[ ıhuL$pfu gu^u R>°.

Óu bg]°$h D`p›epe _p¢^° R>°26 - A°_p¨ (i¨L$f_p¨) ˘]$edp¨ A°L$

dlp_ ‹fi‹eyŸ dQu f¸y¨ l[y¨. A°L$ [fa rh^hp dp[p_p° ı_°l L°$ S>°_p

∆h_p° Ap^pf i¨L$f rkhpe bu≈° L$p°B _ l[p°. A_° bu∆ [fa l[u

`fdp\Æ ‚p· L$fu g°hp_u ÷Y$ Arcgpjp S>°\u dp_h∆h_ kam \B

≈e. Alv dp[p-`y” bfl°_u d_p°q]$ip D—f-]$rnZ S>°hu dp[p_u ]$ip

h y rhjd l[u. NS>b_p° k¨OjÆ l[p°. dp[p_u sı\r[ rhjd l[u. A°L$[p°

[p`k `r[\u AL$pg rhep°N, buSy>¨ A°L$dp” eiıhu `y”_p¨ rhep°N_p°

ce. [°_p¨ ˘]$e_p¨ Vy$L$X°$ - Vy$L$X$p¨ \B Nep. i¨L$f° l≈f hpf kd≈Ïep

R>[p¨ dp[pA° i¨L$f_p¨ ‚ı[ph_° `p°[p_u k¨dr— _ Ap`u. A_° dp[p_u

k¨dr— rh_p A°L$ L$]$d `Z Qpg° [° i¨L$f _lv $! Apd Alv NS>b_p°

k¨OjÆ l[p°. Ap k¨]$cÆ° Óu dlp]°$h_ A°L$ hpºe gM° R>° lh° L$p°B Qd–L$pf

\hp° ≈°B[p° l[p° !

33

A°hpdp¨ A°L$ q]$hk r_–eæ$d dyS>b ƒepf° bpm i¨L$f Agp°ep_]$udp¨

ı_p_ L$fhp D[epÆ –epf° L$l°hpe R>° L°$ A°L$ dNf° Aphu [°_p° `N `L$X$Èp°.

i¨L$f° d]$]$ dpV°$ Mp°V$p° `p°L$pf L$ep£ –epf° –ep¨ Ec°gp d_yÛep° A° L$p°gplg

L$fu d|ºep°. Ap L$p°gplg kp¨cmu i¨L$f_p dp[p ]$p°X$[p ]$p°X$[p Agp°ep_]$u

qL$_pf° Aphu `lp¢√ep. [° kde° dNf i¨L$f_° KX$p S>mdp¨ M¢Qu S>[p°

l[p° A_° i¨L$f `p°[p_u dp[p_° b|d `pX$u L$lu f¸p l[p L°$ Apdp¨\u

bQhp_p° L$p°B dpNÆ S>Zp[p° _\u. d©–ey _∆L$ R>° Ap`Zp BÙ$]°$h i¨L$f_°

ep]$ L$fu d_° k¨fiepk g°hp_u `fhp_Nu Ap`hp_p° k¨L$Î` L$fu Sy>Ap°

L$]$pQ Apd L$fhp\u dNf d_° R>p°X$u ]°$, l° dp[p S>g]$u L$fp°. Alv A°d

gpN° R>° L°$ dp[p_° \ey li° `p°[° L°$hu dp[p, ! A°L$_p A°L$ `y”_u ‚bm

B√R>p `Z _ k¨[p°ju iL$u ! _° Ap[p° OX$uL$dp¨ dNf _p° L$p°rmep° b_u

S>i° ! Af° L$p°B`Z rlkpb° bQu ≈e [p° k¨fiepk `Z L$b|g ! `p°[p_p°

`y” L$]$pQ bQu `Z ≈e A° ApipA° A_° d©–ey `pd° [° L$f[p¨ [p°

k¨fiepku b_u_° ∆h° [p° Alp°cp¡e L$l°hpe27 A°hu cph_p\u dp[p∆A°

i¨L$f_° k¨fiepk N∞lZ L$fhp_u f≈ Ap`hp_p° k¨L$Î` L$ep£. dp[p∆_u

Apop dm[p¨ S> bpmi¨L$f° d_dp¨ S> k¨fieı[ \hp_p° k¨L$Î` L$ep£. A°

k¨L$Î` L$f[p¨ S> ApÚeÆ L$pfL$ OV$_p b_u L°$ dNf° bpm i¨L$f_p° `N R>p°X$u

]$u^p°. ºepf°L$ ]°$Mp[p° Qd–L$pf28 L$pL$[pgue OV$_p `Z b_° R>°. S>°_° gp°L$p°

cp¡eNZ° R>°. dNf_p¨ dyMdp¨\u Ry>V$p \[p¨ S> bpmi¨L$f _]$u qL$_pf° Aphu

`lp¢√ep. `p°[p_p y”_° k¨fiepk dpV°$ A_yd[u Ap`hp_p¨ dp_rkL$ Ap^p[

\u dp[p `Z _]$u qL$_pf° b°cp_ `X$Èp l[p. qL$_pf° fl°gp gp°L$p°A°

kpfhpf L$fu [°d_° cp_dp¨ gpÏep. [° S> nZ° _S>f a°fh[p [°dZ° `y”

34

i¨L$f_° `Z n°dLy$im Aph°gp°A_° `p°[p_u `pk° b°W°$gp° ≈°ep°. [°\u dp[p_°

Ap_¨]$ A_° ip¨r[ ‚p· \ep. Alv k¨kpf S>m_p° dp°lÍ$`u dNf `fdp\Æ

dpNw i¨L$f_° M¢Q° R>°. Ap ‚k¨N_° L°$V$gpL$ [LÆ$V$u i¨L$f_u k¨fieı[^pfZ

L$fhp_u eysº[Í$`29 NZph° R>°. S>° ep°¡e _\u. bp]$ Of° `pR>p af°$gp

bpmi¨L$f° opr[b¨^yAp°_° c°Np L$fu `p°[p_u kOmu k¨`r— ^_ ]$p_ L$fu

]$u^u. A_° `p°[p_u dp[p_y¨ k¨fnZ_y¨ L$peÆ [°d_° kp¢‡ey¨. `y” rhep°N_p¨

]y$:M\u ]y$:Mu \[p¨ i¨L$f_p¨ dp[p∆_° kp•A° kp¨–h_ Ap`hp ‚epk L$ep£.

i¨L$f° `Z `p°[p_u dp[p_° M|b kd≈Ïep. `Z dp[p_y¨ ]y$:M Ap°Ry>¨ _

\ey¨ A°d ƒepf° [°dZ° ≈°ey¨ –epf° i¨L$f° ”Z ‚r[opAp° L$fu30.

(1) Ap`_p d©–ey kde° lz¨ Ap`_p ]$iÆ_ L$fui.

(2) lz¨ Ap`_° cNhp__p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fphui.

(3) lz¨ `p°[° S> Ap`_p° A¨–e°rÙ$ k¨ıL$pf L$fui.

Ap ‚r[opAp° kp¨cmu h©Ÿ dp[p_° L¨$BL$ ^ufS> Aphu ˘]$e lmhy¨

\ey¨. A_° cpf° l•ep kp\° i¨L$f_° N©l–epN A_° k¨fiepk_u `fhp_Nu

Ap`u.

ipº[ rhQpf^pfpdp¨ cv≈e°gp Óu eip°^f dl°[p Of R>p°X$[p i¨L$f_y¨

A_° dp[p_y¨ cphrQ” Apg°M° R>° - k¨fiepku b_u Of R>p°X$[p `p°[p_p¨

A°L$_p¨ A°L$ `y”_° [°dZ° ˘]$e kfkp° Qp¨‡ep° li°. [°_p¨ dı[L$ D`f D_p

AÓy Y$mu f¸p li°, A_° qL$ip°f he_p° Ap k¨fiepku dp_° ≈°[p - ≈°[p¨

L$]$pQ b∞ _p° rhQpf [p° _rl S> L$f[p° lp°e.`p°[p_u dp[p_° kNpk¨b¨ uAp°_°

kp¢`[p° Nep° li° Aphu hp¨Q°gu hp[ d_° ep°¡e gpN[u _\u, `Z kpQu

hp[ L$]$pQ A°d li° L°$ kNpk¨b¨^uAp° kp• fy]$_ L$f[p¨ bpmL$_° ApÔhpk_

35

Ap`u L$l°[p li° L°$ [y¨ [pfu dp_u tQ[p _ L$fui. bpmL$ cNhp h˜p°

^pfZ L$fu Of R>p°X$[p° li° –epf° dp_y¨ L$Îep¨[ kp¨cmu `p°[° `Z Apı[°

L$]$d A_° Qp°^pf Ap¨k| Y$pm[p° Qpg[p dp¨X$[p° li°, dp_p¨ X|$kL$p¨ kp¨cmu

`p¨Q-kp[ hM[ `pR>m _S>f L$f[p° li° A_° kp\°_p¨ k¨fiepkuAp° A°_y¨

L$p¨Xy$ `L$X$u_° Qpg[p¨ \ep li°. Alv Ap D√Q L$p°qV$_p¨ k˘]$e L$gpL$pf°

]$p°f°gp cphhplu rQ” _uQ° A°V$gy¨ S> gMhp_y¨ d_ \pe L°$-_mVm gÀ`ß

OJp›_œ`m $& 31

36

* k]π$NyÍ$ ‚pr· :-* k]π$NyÍ$ ‚pr· :-* k]π$NyÍ$ ‚pr· :-* k]π$NyÍ$ ‚pr· :-* k]π$NyÍ$ ‚pr· :-

dp[p_u `fhp_Nu dm[p¨S> ApW$ hjÆ_p¨ bpmi¨L$f° dp[p_° kpÙ$p¨N

‚Zpd L$fu dp_h∆h__p¨ `fd`yfyjp\Æ dpV°$ ‚epZ L$eyØ. L$l°hpe R>° L°$

bpmi¨L$f_p S>fid `l°gp¨ l≈f°L$ hjÆ ANpD\u `rh” A°hu _dÆ]$p _]$u_°

qL$_pf° A°L$ Nyapdp¨ Óu Np°rhfi]$ep°N°f _pd_p A°L$ k¨[ A°L$ rkŸ dlp–dp

kdpr^N∞ı[ Ahı\pdp¨ rhfpS>dp_ l[p. iyL$]°$h_u riÛe `f¨`fpdp¨

Np•X$`p]$ _pd_p A°L$ ‚rkŸ ep°N°f \B Nep. [°d_p riÛe Ap Np°rhfi]$

ep°N°f l[p32. Ap Np°th]$ ep°N°f dpV°$ A°hu hp[ ‚h[Æ[u l[u L°$ L$p°BL$

dlp_ ]°$hL$peÆ_u `qf`|ZÆ[p dpV°$ Ap dlp–dp kdpr^ d¡_ fl°[p l[p.

ƒepf° L$p°B A°hp° kd\Æ dlp_ riÛe Aphi°, S>° _dÆ]$p_p kdN∞ S>m_°

ANı–eF>rj `°W°$ A°L$ OpV$dp¨ kdphu iL$i° Ap Óu Np°th]$ep°N°f _y¨

riÛe–h ıhuL$pfi° –epf° Ap dlp–dp_u kdpr^ R|>V$i°. Ap Np°rhfi]$

ep°N°f_u øepr[ khÆ” ‚kf°gu lp°hp_° gu^° A_°L$ kp^L$p° op_‚pr·

dpV°$ Ap Nyap‹pf `pk° r_hpk L$f[p l[p.

bpmi¨L$f° `Z Np°th]$ ep°N°f_y¨ _pd kp¨c˛ey¨ l[y¨ –epf\u [°d_p

]$iÆ_ L$fhp_u [°d_u ‚bm B√R>p l[u S>. bpm i¨L$f° d_p°d_ Óu

Np°th]$ep°N°f_° `p°[p_p NyfyÍ$`° ıhuL$pepÆ. A_° L$p°B`Z cp°N° ]°$l V$L°$ ep

`X°$ [p° `Z Óu Nyfy]$iÆ_ L$fhp r_^pÆf L$ep£. R>°L$ ]$rnZ ‚]°$i_p¨ L°$fg_p¨

L$pgX$u\u D—f - `rÚd bpSy>A° Aph°gp _dÆ]$pdV°$ S>hy¨ A–e¨[ L$qW$_

l[y [p° `Z Óu Nyfy_p ]$iÆ_ dpV°$ bpm i¨L$f° ÷Y$ r_^pÆf L$ep°Æ A_° _dÆ]$p[V$_°

gˇe b_phu D—f q]$ip [fa Qpghp_y¨ iÍ$ L$eyØ. A_° A_°L$ q]$hkp° `R>u

Ap bpmL$ _dÆ]$p qL$_pf° Óu Np°th]$`p]$ ep°N°f_u Nyap kdn Aphu

37

`lp¢√ep°. kp• ‚\d [°Z° Nyap_u ‚]$rnZp L$fu A_° `R>u Nyapdp¨ ‚h°i

L$ep£. S>° Nyapdp¨ cNh–`p]$ Np°th]$pQpeÆ ep°NufpS>° r_hpk L$ep£ l[p°, [°

ı\p_° bpmi¨L$f° ≈°ey¨ L°$, _dÆ]$pdp¨ `|f DcfpB f¸p l[p¨. Nyap_p¨ ‹pf

Mygu S>[p¨ A¨]$f S>m cfp[p¨, Dcfp[p¨, hlu, Oku f¸p¨ l[p¨. hmu

Nyfy]°$h[p° kdpr^d¡_ l[p. i¨L$f OX$ucf[p° rhQpfhi \ep¨ A_° bu∆ S

>nZ° [°dZ° r_ZÆe L$fu gu^p°. lp\dp¨ fl°g L$d¨X$my Nyap _p¨ ‹pf° Ofu ]$u^y

A_° d¨”cZu S>g_p¨ Aphpl_ L$fu ]$u^p¨. Nyapdp¨ h°N° Ok°gp¨ S>g `pR>p

afu NpNfdp¨ kpNf kdpe [°d L$d¨X$gdp¨ kdp[p l[p¨. –ep¨ hk°gp¨ ep°Nu

Ap° A_° riÛep°_° Ap_u ≈Z \[p¨ hpf _ gpNu. [°Ap° [° ÿÌe_° r_lpmu

ApÚeÆdy¡^ bfiep¨33 Óui¨L$f Nyfy∆ kdn b° lp\ ≈°X$u Dcp f¸p A_°

csº[ `|hÆL$ ı[yr[ L$fhp gp¡ep. –ep¨ S> Np°th]$ `p]$_u kdpr^ A°L$]$d

D—fu A_° i¨L$f_° ≈°[p S> [°_p Ap_¨]$_p° `pf f¸p° _lv. Óu i¨L$f° Óu

Nyfy]°$h_° kpÙ$p¨N _dıL$pf L$fu ‚°d`|hÆL$ A_fiecph° ifZpNr[ Ïeº[ L$fu

A_° `|Rπ>ey¨ [y¨L$p°Z R>° ? –epf° i¨L$f° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ lz¨ [p° Ap b^p\u Arg·

L°$hm rih,VXH$m@doeÔ>ï oedï H$dbm@h_≤ $& oZdm©UfQ≤>H$Zm A‹•[^pfp_y¨

≈Z° L°$ ^∞yh`]$ kp¨cmu Nyfy ljÆ `pÁep. kÿNyfy A_° k[π$riÛe -

`fı`f_u rQf‚r[np hX°$ S>fiÁey¨ ≈Z° ∆h-rih_y¨ A‹•[rdg_.

Óu Np°th]$`p]$ _p° ep°N°f l[p. bpmi¨L$f_p° Ar^L$pf ≈Z[p [°_°

hpf _ gpNu. A°dZ° ≈°ey¨ L°$ bpmi¨L$f _p° _•rõ$L$ b∞˚Qpfu R>°. h°]$, [LÆ$,

fiepe hN°f° ip˜p°dp¨ `pf¨N[ R>°. Bfdp¨ Ó›^p fpMhp hpmp°, k]$pQpfu,

hpk_p fql[, op_‚pr· dpV°$ [gku fl°gp° rhfg A°hp° ∆hp–dp R>°.

gVmß goÿï gßJï H$W_o[ oh [w `Z ^doV $& Óu i¨L$f° `Z ≈Œey¨ L°$ ip˜p°dp¨

38

k]π$Nyfy_p S>° S>° gnZp° Ap`°gp R>° [° khÆ\u Óu Np°th]$`p]$ Ag¨L©$[ R>°

–epfbp]$ Óu i¨L$f° Nyfy_p QfZ_u `|≈ L$fu D`]°$i L$fhp Óu Nyfy_° rh_¨[u

L$fu. –epf° Óu NyfyA° [°d_° L$¸y¨ L°$................

........... lz ep°N◊rÙ$\u ≈Zu iºep° Ry>¨ L°$ [d° kpnp[π i¨L$f_p Ah[pf

R>p°, R>[p¨ Nyfy-riÛep°_u ‚ZprgL$p Qpgy L$fhp S> [d° A”° ApÏep R>p°.

lz¨ Np°rhfi]$_p\, dpfp Nyfy Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ A_° [°d_p Nyfy iyL$]°$h∆ R>°.

Apd L$¸p `R>u Óu NyfyA° ApQpf dyS>b Qpf° h°]$_p kpfÍ$` _uQ° dyS>b_p¨

dlphpºep°_p° D`]°$i L$ep£.

(1) ‡kmZß]´˜........ (F>¡h°]$)

op_ b∞˚ R>°. khÆ fu[° ‚NV$ \[y¨ rhi°jop_ - [° b∞˚ Í$` R>°.

A•[f°e D`r_j]π$.

(2) Ahß-]´˜mpÒ_......(eSy>h£]$)

lz¨ b∞˚ Ry>¨. S>° b∞˚ rhop_ Í$`° kp• rhdp¨ hk°gy¨ R>° [° b∞˚ lz¨ Ry>¨.

b©l]$pfŒeL$ D`r_j]π$.

(3) VŒd_og ..........(kpdh°]$)

S>° b∞˚ rhop_ Í$`° R>°. [° b∞˚ [y¨ R>°

R>pfi]$p°¡e D`r_j]π$.

(4) A`_mÀ_m]´˜......(A\hÆh°]$)

S>° ‚rkŸ rh_p_y¨ Í$` b∞˚ R>° [° Ap Ap–dp b∞˚ R>°.

dpŒX|$ºe D`r_j]π$.

Óu i¨L$f[p° Ap b^y¨ S> ≈Z[p l[p. `Z dp” `f¨`fp_p rhr^ Í$`°

D`]°$i N∞lZ L$fu A°dZ° riÛe–h A_° k¨fiepk N∞lZ L$ep£ A_°

39

bpmi¨L$fdp¨\u i¨L$fpQpeÆ _pd^pfZ L$eyØ. A_° bpfhjÆ_u Jdf° [°dZ°

`fdl¨k ]$unp gu^u34. A_° Óu Nyfy `pk° f¸p. Óu NyfyA° `Z riÛei¨L$f_°

A›ep–drh¤p_p `fp°n op_ [\p A`fp°n A_ychdp¨ `pf¨N[ L$fhpdp¨

L$Qpi fpMu _lv. –epfbp]$ ]°$hL©$–e dpV°$ S> i¨L$f_p° S>fid \ep° R>° A°d

≈Zu Óu NyfyA° Óu i¨L$f_° L$ y L°$ riÛe Nyfy_u ip° L$f°, A° [p° ıhpcprhL$

R>°, `Z Nyfy ƒepf° ep°¡e riÛe_u ip°^ L$f° [°d_u cph_p `|ZÆ L$f°, [°hp

ep°¡e riÛe_u ‚pr· \pe, –epf° [° Nyfy `p°[p_p ∆h__° ^fie NZ° R>°.

ApS>° d_° `Z Aphp Ar^L$pfu riÛe_u ‚pr· \B R>°. [°dZ° ≈[° i¨L$f_°

dy¨X$_ L$fphu _hu_ h˜, d©NQdÆ Ap`u, D`hu[_p° –epN L$fphu, _hp

]¨$X$_° ^pfZ L$fpÏep°. cNhyh˜ Ar¡__y ‚[uL$ NZpe R>°. k¨fiepk[p° dfu_°

∆hhp_p° dpNÆ R>°, ∆hfidysº[_p° k¨‚]$pe R>°.

rhfg L$p°V$u_p d_yÛep° khÆ\u Sy>]$p `X$u S> ≈e R>°. kpdpfie d_yÛep°

dpNÆdp¨ rh›_ _X$[p¨ L$peÆ d|L$u ]°$ R>°, ƒepf° D—d d_yÛep° [p° hpf¨hpf

dpNÆdp¨ rh›_p° l°fp_ L$f° R>[p¨ D`pX°$gy¨ L$peÆ A^|fy¨ d|º[p _\u. hmu

A›ep–d dpN£ ‚h[Æ_pf ip˜dp¨ E¨X°$$E¨X°$ A°hy¨ Arcdp_ fl°gy¨ lp°e R>°.

L°$ [°Ap° `p°[p_u ≈[_° Afie `yfyj_° kp¢`u Nyfy`]°$ ı\p`[p _\u. [°

lpg_p riÛep° S>°hp _lp°[p L°$ Nyfy_u S>° Apop `p°[p_u fyrQ_° A_yL|$m

lp°e [°V$gu S> dp_° A_° ‚r[L|$m Apop_p° A_p]$f L$f°. D`pıe ]•$h[

‚–e°_u Ap ifZpNr[\u Apop dpfie L$epÆ\u A°d_° kpnp–L$pf \ep° -

"A°L$ `|fZ b∞˚ S>Ndp¨rl' _p° ‚–en A_ych \ep°. Óui¨L$f_° [p°

g°idp” Arcdp_ l[y¨ S> _rl; A°V$g° S>Í$f S>Zpe° Nyfy L$fhpdp¨ A°d_°

[p° L$p¨B hp¨^p° lp°e S> _rl A° hp[ k–e R>°; `f¨[y kpdpfie kp^L$hNÆ ≈°

40

[° kde_p¨ Óui¨L$f_u sı\r[dp¨ `p°[p_° d|L°$ [p° S>Í$f [°d_° Óui¨L$f_u

k–e‚pr·_u kpQu [dflp_u Mp[fu \i°. kpdpfie ‚Nr[ ‚p· \[p¨ S>°

rkqŸAp° Óui¨L$f_° ApV$gu bpÎehedp¨ hfu l[u, S>°_p¨ ÿÙ$p¨[p° Ap`Z°

D`f ]$qf÷u b∞p˚Zu_° Óud¨[pB_u ‚pr·, Apgp°epB _]$u_y¨ ı\p_p¨[f

[\p dlpfpS>p_° ApiuhÆQ_bm\u `y”‚pr· \B l[u [° l°hpgp° `f\u

≈°B Nep R>uA°, [° rkqŸAp° ≈° L$p°B_° ‚p· \pe [p° [° [p° kpdpfie fu[°

A°d S> kdS>° L°$ lh° [°_° rkŸ`]$ ‚p· \ey¨ R>° A_° ApQpeÆ L$fhp_p [p°

bpSy>A° f¸p, `f¨[y `p°[° S> ApQpeÆ b_u ≈e Aphp gp°c L° gpgQdp¨

Ap bpm i¨L$f _ akpep. A°dZ° ≈°ey¨, L°$ Ap b^y¨ kps–hL$h©r—bm°

`|hpÆrS>Æ[ k–L$dÆep°N° b_° R>°, `Z ƒep¨gNu "Ap–dp [“h Qufiep° _rl'

–ep¨ gNu kp^_p khÆ L$pQu R>° dpV°$ kÿNyfy_u k°hp L$fu [°d_u `pk°\u

A`fp°n op_ ‚p· L$epÆ rh_p S>fid kp\ÆL$ \i° _rl.

Ap\u Óu NyfyA° Óu i¨L$f_° L$¸y¨ L°$ "l° h–k, ‹p`feyN_p A¨[dp¨

b∞˚rh¤p_p° gp°` \hp\u dlrjÆ bp]$fpeZ Ïepk° [`ÚepÆ L$fu h°]$p›ee_

L$eyØ A_° [° h°]$_p k¨rn· flıeÍ$`° "b∞˚k|”' gMu riÛep°_° [° b∞˚rh¤p

iuMhu l[u. Nyfy `f¨`fpN[ A° Ny· flıeÍ$` [° S> b∞˚rh¤p d¢ ‚p·

L$fu R>°. h°]$_p DŸpf dpV°$ [pfp° S>fid lp°hp\u A° rh¤p_y¨ [_° ]$p_ L$fhp_u

d_° dpfp Nyfy]°$h_u Apop l[u [°\u l≈fp° hjp£ ky^u [pfu fpl ≈°[p° lz¨

Ap Nyapdp¨ kdpr^d¡_ f¸p° l[p°. lh° [_° [° rh¤pd¢ b[phu R>°. [_° [°

‚p· \B R>°. [p° lh° [y Ïepk ]°$h_p Arc‚pe ‚dpZ° h°]$_p N|Y$ flıehpmp

A°L$ cpÛe_u fQ_p L$f. A_° ep°¡e - Ar^L$pfu riÛep°_° [° iuMhu h°]$

rhfyŸ d[_p° _pi L$f. Ap S> [pfp ∆h__p° D]π$°Ìe R>° [° [y¨ `pf `pX$'35.

41

Apd L$lu `p°[p_p riÛep°_p rinZ_p° cpf Óu NyfyA° Óu i¨L$f_° kp¢‡ep°.

A_° `rh” hpfpZku _Nfudp¨ S>B Ap L$peÆ_p° Apf¨c L$fhp_p° Ap]°$i

Ap`u Óu Nyfy `p°[° dlpkdpr^dp¨ r_dî \ep. khÆ” rihp°@l¨_y¨ ]$iÆ_

L$f_pf Óu i¨L$f° Np°th]$pÙ$L$dp¨ Nyfy_° ^∞yhNp_ ‹pfp A¨S>rg Ap`u.

_ßÃ_ybß Jwamdm©∑`_≤ - ]$f°L$ d¨”_y¨ d|m Nyfyhpºe R>° - Nyfy Apop_y¨

`pg_ A° S> ∆h__y¨ k|” R>° A_° ∆h__p° dlpd¨” R>°. gpMp° L$fp°X$p°dp¨_p

dp” A°L$p]$ S> dpZk_° ‚cy `p°[p_p L$pd dpV°$ ep°S>° R>°, [•epf L$f° R>°36.

Nyfy_u Apop_y¨ AQ|>L$`pg_ L$fhp dp¨S> riÛe_y¨ khÆÓ°e$ R>° A°k–e

bpm`Z\u S> k¨`|ZÆ`Z° ≈Z[p i¨L$f° rh_p rhg¨b° ÓuNyfy_p riÛep°_°

gB `rh” hpfpZku _Nfu [fa Nd_ L$eyØ. r_–eL$dÆ\u `fhpfu Ap

bpm `fdl¨k_° ƒepf° A°_p\u he [°dS> ÏephlpqfL$ op_dp¨ h©Ÿ yfyjp°\u

rhV¨$mpe°gp°, h°]$p¨[_p N|Y$ flıep°_y¨ Ïepøep_ L$f[p° L$piu `yfu_pgp°L$p° A°

≈°ep° –epf° [°Ap° kp• ApÚeÆ Qsº[ \B Nep.

oMÃß dQ>Vam_y©b, d•’moeÓ`mï JwÈ`w©dm $&

JwamÒVw _m°Zß Ï`mª`mZß oeÓ`mÒVw oN>›Zgße`mï $&&

Óu i¨L$f_p ]$iÆ_ dpV°$ gp°L$p°_p V$p°m° V$p°mp¨ Aphhp gp¡ep. Ap hM[° i¨L$f°

r_NyÆZ b∞˚_u ‚pr· `f cpf d|ºep°. A_° r_rhÆL$Î` kdpr^ hX°$ r_NyÆZ

b∞˚_u ‚pr· \B iL°$ R>° A° hp[_p° khÆ” ‚Qpf L$ep£. dydynyAp°_° [°Ap°

L$l°[p L°$ b∞˚_p¨ A_° dpfp ıhÍ$`dp¨ L$p°B c°]$ _\u37. S>°d L°$ -

h°]$ [p° A°d h]°$ Óyr[ıd©r[ kpM ]°$,

L$_L$Ly¨$X$g rhj° c°]$ filp°e°,

OpV$ OX$Èp `R>u _pdÍ$` S|>S>hp¨;

A¨[ [p° l°d_y¨ l°d lp°e°38.

42

oZJw©Um oZpÓH´$`m oZÀ`m oZod©H$Î[m oZaßOZï $&

oZod©H$mam oZamH$mam oZÀ`_w∑Vm@pÒ_ oZ_©bï $&& 34$&&

Ah_mH$medÀgd™ ]ohaßVJ©Vm@¿`wVï $&

gXm gd©g_m og’m oZïgßJm oZ_©bm@Mbï $&& 35 $&&

oZÀ`ew’od_w∑V°H$_IßS>mZ›X_¤`_≤ $&

gÀ`ß kmZ_Z›Vß `À[aß ]´˜mh_d VV≤ $&& 36 $&& Ap–dbp°^ $&&

Óui¨L$fdp¨ r_NyÆZb∞˚ rhjeL$ Ap rhQpfcph_p A°V$gu b^u ◊Y$

\B L°$ Ap r_rhÆL$Î` kdpr^ dp°n rkhpe Afie csº[ - D`pk_p hN°f°

D`f A°d_y¨ rbgLy$g gˇe S>[y¨ S> _lv. S>N[πL$ÎepZ_u cph_p S>Í$f

L$hrQ[π$ A°d_p `fd D]$pf ˘]$edp¨ DR>pmp dpf[u Dÿch[u, `Z [° [p°

`pfdpr\ÆL$ ÿrÙ$A° Ak[π$ rhje_u cph_p_p h•fp¡e l°W$m c|¨kpB S>[u.

NyfyApop riÛep°_° D`]°$i Ap`hp_u l[u - NyfyApop c¨N A° [p° dlp_

`p[L$ NZpe. [°\u [°Ap° NyfyApop `pm[p `Z [° [p° efi”h[π S>N[_p

dpreL$ `]$p\p£ A_° [°_p rd’ep–h [fa_u A°d_u cph_p A°hu bm b_u

L°$ S>N[ L$ÎepZ_p° ‚bm ApN∞l fpM_pf Óu i¨L$f_p ˘]$edp¨ S>Nfidp[p

L$piufu Afi_ |ZpÆA° A°L$ rhrQ”eysº[ ‹pfp i¨L$f_° kNyZb∞ isº[[“h

kd≈hhp ‚epk L$fhp° `X$Èp°. Ap bpb[_p° A°L$ ‚rkŸ ‚k¨N R>° L°$.....

A°L$ q]$hk bpmi¨L$f N¨Np ı_p_p\£ S>[p l[p [° hM[° [°dZ° ≈°ey¨

L°$ A°L$ eyh[u `p°[p_p d©–ey `pd°gp ıhpdu_° dpNÆ_u h√Q° d|L$u b°W$u

l[u. [°_p° A¨–e°õ$u k¨ıL$pf dpV°$ –ep¨\u S>_pf-Aph_pf d_yÛep°_° [°

‚p\Æ_p L$fu flu l[u. Afie gp°L$p°_° S>hp Aphhp dpV°$ `Z AX$QZ `X$u

flu l[u. Ap ÿÌe ≈°B Óu i¨L$f° [° eyh[u_° `|Rπ>ey¨ ""[dpfp `r[_y¨ d©–ey

43

`pd°g ifuf [d° ip dpV°$ bpSy> `f Mk°X$[p _\u'' ? –epf° eyh[uA°

L$¸y¨ L°$ -""Af° cpB, Ap ib_°S> [d° [°d L$fhp L$lp°_°'' ? –epf°

Óui¨L$f° L$¸y¨ L°$ "[° ibdp¨ d©[]°$ldp¨ lg_Qg_ L$fhp_u isº[ R>° Mfu ?

[d° S> [°_° ]|f Mk°X$p°. –epf° eyh[uA° L$¸y¨ L°$ "isº[ _ lp°e [p° S>fp

kfMy¨ `Z lpgu iL$pe Mfy¨ L°$' ? i¨L$f° L$¸y¨ L°$ "[d° Ak¨crh[ hp[ L$fp°

R>p°'. –epf° eyh[uA° L$¸y¨ L°$ "dpfu hp[ L°$hu fu[° Ak¨crh[ lp°B iL°$' ?

Apq]$ A¨[ frl[ ‚L©$r[ [p° S>X$ R>°, Q•[fielu_ R>°, R>[p¨ lpguQpgu iL°$

R>°, [p° `R>u Ap ib ]°$l L°$d lpgu Qpgu _ iL°$ ? lh°\u ›ep_ fpM≈°

L°$ S>X$ Q°[_ khÆdp¨ Ap isº[[“h R>°. Ap isº[[“h khÆÏep`L$ R>°.

Ap kp¨cmu i¨L$f rhQpfd¡_ b_u Nep. S>° kNyZ b∞˚_p rhje`f

r_NyÆZ b∞ _u bmh—f cph_p_° gu ° [°dZ° ]y$gÆn L$f°gy, A_ych hNf_p¨

op__° ip˜p°_p¨ ‚dpZ R>[p¨ _ dp_°gy, L°$hm ‚–en `fS> Ap^pf fpMhp°

[° rhQpf [¨÷p dp¨\u ≈N©[ \B Apd [°d ≈°ey¨ [p° –ep¨ [° eyh[u `Z _

l[u. A_° [° ib$ `Z _ l[y¨. i¨L$f_p _°”`f_p° `X$]$p° lV$u Nep°.

S>°_u S>dZu bpSy>A° Ark _]$u A_° X$pbu bpSy>A° hZpÆ _]$u hl°

R>° [°_p d›e ‚]°$i kdy hpfpZku L$piu ıhe¨ op_ A_° ‚L$pi _u c|rd

R>°. L$piu`r[ rh_p\_° ıhe¨ Afi_`|ZpÆ chp_u rcnp `ufk°. L$piu

rh_p\_p¨ kp¨rfi_›edp¨ dfhp\u dyqº[ \pe. H$mÌ`mß _aUmV≤ _wo∑Vï $&

`rh” op__u c|rddp¨ [°d_° cp_ \ey¨ L°$ S>° r_NyÆZ b∞˚_p ge-g°ldp¨

kNyZ b∞˚_u A°dZ° AhNZ_p L$fu l[u [° S> r_NyÆZ b∞˚ rhfpV$ ıhÍ$`°

Ap S>N[dp¨ khÆ” kNyZde b_u rhfp∆ f¸y¨ R>°. Ap ArMg b∞˚p¨X$ S>

A°_p° ]°$l R>°. S>mdp¨, ı\mdp¨ A_° `h_dp¨ [° S> b∞˚_u isº[ A_°

44

[°_y¨ S> L$peÆ ‚NV$ \B f¸y¨ R>°. [° b∞˚ S> gugpÍ$`° k©rÙ$, sı\r[ A_°

ge_y¨ L$peÆ L$fu f¸y¨ R>°. Ap rhQpf\u i¨L$f_y¨ `rh” ˘]$e csº[-ky^p

kdy÷dp¨ ≈Z° L°$ X|$bL$u dpfhp gp¡ey¨. Ap_¨]$ D÷°L$ A_ychhp gp¡ey¨.

ifuf° fp°dp¨Q \ep. ifuf L¨$`pedp_ \ey¨. hpZu N]π$N]π$ b_u. _°”p°dp¨\u

AÓ|^pfp hl°hp gpNu A_° dyMhpV°$ "dp', "dp' _p° D]π$Npf \hp gp¡ep°.

Ap ‚k¨N° i¨L$f_° kNyZ- r_NyZ Dce b∞˚_p° A_ych L$fpÏep°. A_°

i¨L$f° `qf`|ZÆ ]$ip ‚p· L$fu. Bf kp^L$_° rhrh^ ‚L$pf_p¨ A_ychp°

Ap`u [°d_u op_ ƒep°[ l¨d°ip ≈N∞[ fpM[p° S> lp°e R>°. A° k–e_p°

A_ych Ap kde° Óu i¨L$f_° ApÏep°.

L$piu [p° ıhe¨ ‚L$priL$p op__u c|rd, S>°d_p¨ Ar^`r[ ıhpdu

L$piurh_p\ i¨L$f_u ıdip_c|rddp¨ A°L$gp hıep R>°. Aphp L$piu,

hpfpZku_p¨ N¨Np ‚hpl `f A_°L$ OpV$p° b¨ pep R>°. cNhp_ Óu i¨L$fpQpe£

drZL$prZÆL$p OpV$ `f flu H$mer[ßMH$ ı[p°”39_u fQ_p L$fu. Nyfy_p¨ Ap]°$i

‚dpZ° Óu i¨L$f° D`r_jÿp°, b∞˚k|”p° A_° cNh]π$Nu[p `f cpÛep°_u

fQ_p L$fu. S>°_° ‚ı\p_”eu_u ‚rkqŸ dmu R>°. A‹•[ [“hop_40 A°L$

khp£–L©$Ù$ c|rdL$p R>°. ƒep¨ `lp¢Qhp dpV°$ ‚ı\p_ L$fhp `X°$ [° dpN£

Qpghp_p¨ Apg¨b_ [° ‚ı\p_ [°_° Ap^pf ‚dpZdp¨ fpMu A‹•[

[“hop__u `Ÿr[_y¨ ‚]$iÆ_ [° Ap cpjp_u fQ_p. S>° ip¨L$f cpÛe_p¨ Í$`°

ApS>° `Z S>Nrhøep[ R>°. S>°_u ‚pkpq]$L$ A_° d^yf i•guA° rhcf_p¨

rh‹p_p°_° dy¡^ L$epÆ R>°. L$piu dp¨ op__u `fb S> d¨X$pe L°$ ƒep¨ r``pkyS>_

op_ r``pkp k¨[p°jhp rS>opkyS>_p° Aph°, ∆opkp S>NpX°$, i¨L$p L$f°,

[LÆ$ L$f°, A_° kdp^p_ dm[p¨ rQ—_° ip¨[ L$f°, ifZpNr[ ıhuL$pf° A_°

45

riÛe b_u ∆h_ L©$[L©$–e L$f°. Apd cNhp_ Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ `pk° [p°

riÛep° ≈dhp gp¡ep. op__p¨ Ad©[_u gpZu \[u flu A_° kp• S>_p°_°

A_°fu [©r· \[u l[u.

L$piu rh_p\_u Ap dp°n`yfu, dlpıdip_c|rddp¨ AX$hp -

ApcX$hp_p° L°$ ı`©Ìe-Aı`©Ìe_p° c°]$ L°$hp° ? A°dp¨ hmu ıdip_ c|rd_y¨

ipk_ [p° Qp¨X$pgfpS>_p¨ lp\dp¨ S> lp°e Ap L$piudp¨ `Z Í$Y-qfhpS>_°

`pm_pfp L$p°L$ dmu Aph°. cNhp_ Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ∆h_dp¨ `Z Aphu

OV$_p b_u l[u. [°Ap° `p°[° [p° A°L$ S> A‹•[ cphdp¨ k]$p dı[ fl°[p

[° kp\° ]°$l ‚p· \ep° R>° dpV°$ ]°$l ^dp£_° [°Ap° klS> cph° hZu g°[p fp°S>

khpf° drZL$prZÆL$p_p OpV$ `f ı_p_p\£ S>[p. [°d_u ApNm A_° `pR>m

Qpg_pf A_°L$ riÛep° l[p S>°Ap° L$piu_u NuQ NguAp°dp¨\u cNhp__°

`kpf \hp_p¨ dpNÆ `f ApX°$ Aph[p¨ S>_p°_° AV$L$ph[p.

A°L$ hM[° Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ riÛekd|l kp\° d›epå kde° ı_p_ L$fhp

S>[p¨ l[p¨ –epf° A°hpdp¨ Qpf ce¨L$f L|$[fpAp° kp\° Aph°gp° A°L$ Qp¨X$pg

[°_° ı`iÆhp gp¡ep°. Qp¨X$pg_° Aph[p° ≈°B i¨L$fpQpeÆ ıl°S> bpSy> `f

Mku bp°Îep - "f° Qp¨X$pg, ]|$f ≈, lz¨ L$piu rh_p\_p ]$iÆ_p\° ≈J

Ry>¨. d_° AX$L$ui _rl.' - i¨L$f_p¨ Aphp iÂ]$p°_u AhNZ_p L$fu Qp¨X$pg

≈Zu ≈°B_° i¨L$f_° AX$L$u `X$Èp°. Ap\u i¨L$f° æ$p°^\u L$¸y¨ - dpfp L$l°hp

R>[p¨ [y ip dpV°$ d_° AX$ºep°, [° dpfy$ L$¸y¨ dpfiey¨ _tl ? –epf° Qp¨X$pg° L$¸y¨

L°$ - ƒepf° [d° ]|$f ≈; A°d L$lp° R>p° –epf° [d° dpfp ]°$l_° ≈° ]|$f L$fhp_u

B√R>p L$fu lp°e [p° [dpfp ]°$l S>°hp° S> dpfp° Ap ]°$l R>°. S>° ]°$l_p¨

kpnuÍ$`° R>° [°_p\u dpfp° Ap–dp rcfl _\u. lz¨ Qp¨X$pg, _uQ ≈r[_p° Ry>¨

46

A_° dpfp ı`iÆ\u [dpf° ‚perÚ— L$fhy¨ `X°$ A°hy¨ L$\_ [dpfp¨ S>°hp

A‹•[hp]$u dpV°$ ep°¡e R>° ? ]°$l_u rcfi_[p\u Ap "b∞p˚Z' A_° Ap

"Qp¨X$pg' A°hp° Al¨L$pf D–`fl \hp° [dpfp S>°hp dpV°$ ep°¡e _\u. L$]$pQ

gp°L$pQpf_u ◊rÙ$A° [d° A°d dp_[p lp° [p° `Z [dpfp S>°hp b∞˚op_u_°

[y√R> gp°L$Ïehlpf_p° ApÓe L$fhp°A° ep°¡e _\u. k|eÆ_y¨ ‚r[tbb N¨Np_p¨

S>mdp¨ `X°$ L°$ dq]$fpdp¨ `X°$ [°\u ip° a°f `X°$ R>° ? Ap–dıhÍ$` c|gu_°

nZc¨Nyf ]°$ldp¨ Al¨cph fpMhp° Ap`_p S>°hp rhh°L$u_° ip°cpı`]$ _\u.

op_-‚Òp°—f Qp¨X$pg_p¨ Aphp ‚–ercop__p° A_ych L$fph_pfu

rhQnZ hpZu kp¨cmu ApQpeÆÓu rhQpfhp gp¡ep L°$ - Ap L$p°B Agp•qL$L$

op_u `yfyj R>°. L$pfZ L°$ Qp¨X$pg_° Aphy¨ op_ lp°B iL°$ _tl. i¨L$f° rh_d∞

cph° D]π$NpeyÆ L°$ -

OmJ´V≤ÒdflZgwfwo·fw Ò\w$Q>Vam `m gßodXwÇm•Â^V

`m ]´˜moXo[[robH$m›VVZwfw ‡mVm OJÀgmojUr $&

g°dmhß Z M —Ì`dpÒÀdoV —T>‡kmo[ `À`mpÒV M-

ÉmßS>mbm@ÒVw g Vw o¤Om@ÒVwJwÈnaÀ`fm _Zrfm __ $&&1$&&

]´˜°dmho_Xß OJÉ gH$bß oM›_mÃodÒVmnaVß

gd™ M°VX≤od⁄`m oÃJwU`mefß _`m H$pÎ[V_≤ $&

BÀWß `Ò` —T>_oVï gwIVa oZÀ` [a oZ_©b

MmßS>mbm@ÒVw g Vw o¤Om@ÒVw JwÈnaÀ`fm _Zrfm $__ &&2$&&

S>° Q•[fie rih, rhÛœ, Apq]$ ]°$h[pAp°dp¨ ıazfu f¸y¨ R>° A° S>

Q•[fie ny÷ S>¨[yAp°dp¨ `Z ıazfu fl°gy¨ R>°. A°S> Q•[fie_° `p°[p_y¨ ıhÍ$`

kdS>_pf ◊Y$dr[_p° dpZk Qp¨X$pg lp°e L°$ q‹S>lp°e `Z [° dpfp NyfyÍ$`

R>°41.

47

i¨L$fQqf[dp¨ Ap ‚k¨N cNhp_ L$piu rh_p\° Qp¨X$pgh°i° Óu

i¨L$fpQpeØ_u `funp [fuL°$ hZÆhpe°g R>°. Alv rh_p\° i¨L$f_°

A‹•[rhfp°^u `¨qX$[p° `f r]$s¡hƒe L$fu khÆ” A‹•[d[_u ı\p`_p L$fhp

Apop Ap`u. S>°Ap° kpnp[π$ rih l[p. [°d_° ≈Zu i¨L$f° _d∞ hQ_p°

L$¸p

XmgÒV@hß Xh—Ô>`mpÒ_ eß^m. OmVÒV@em Ord—Ô>`mo×Ô> $&

gd©Ò`m@@VmZmÀ_—Ô>`mÀd_`À`dß _ YroZ©o¸Vm gd©emÛ°ï $&&

b]$qfL$pÓdep”p - `yı[L$p°_u fQ_p :-b]$qfL$pÓdep”p - `yı[L$p°_u fQ_p :-b]$qfL$pÓdep”p - `yı[L$p°_u fQ_p :-b]$qfL$pÓdep”p - `yı[L$p°_u fQ_p :-b]$qfL$pÓdep”p - `yı[L$p°_u fQ_p :-

lqflf b∞˚p [|¨ rl, ]$ep^_ ]°$h [|¨ rl.

eyNp_yeyNu Ap[dd°fp, [°fu l• Mp°S> `pB - 42

cNhp_ i¨L$f_° r_rhÆL$Î` kdpr^\u \e°gp r_rÛæ$e r_fpL$pf b∞˚_p

op_dp¨ S>Nfidp[pA° [\p ÓuL$piu rh°f°, kpL$pf, D–`r—-sı\r[-

ge_p rhL$pfÍ`° cpk[p¨ rhb∞˚, kNyZ b∞˚_p° A°hp° [p° ky¨]$f kyd°m

kp^u Ap‡ep° L°$ lh° Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨ d_dp¨\u S>N[π$ ‚–e°_p° h•fp¡e

S>_[pS>_p]Æ$__u k°hp_p¨ Í$`dp¨ Aprhc|Æ[ \ep°. D`f S>Zph°gp `]$p°_u

A_yc|r[ \[u lp°e [°d [°Ap° `p°[p_u ≈[_° r_rd—Í$` kd∆ q]$ÏeL$peÆ

D–kpl`|hÆL$ L$fhp gp¡ep.

NyÍ$]°$h [\p ÓuL$piu rh°f_u Apop_ykpf lh° Óu i¨L$f° cpÛe

gMhp_p° k¨L$Î` L$ep£. `f¨[y L$piun°”_p¨ cprhL$cº[p°_u Óu i¨L$f_p¨

]$iÆ_p\£ cuX$ A°V$gu h^u `X$u L°$ Ap dlp_ cNuf\ L$peÆ dpV°$ S>Í$fu

ip¨r[ ‚p‡e b_[u _lp°[u; Ap\u Óu i¨L$f `p°[p_p¨ riÛep° krl[

b]$qfL$pÓddp¨ `^pepÆ. A_° –ep¨ bpfd° hj£ kdpr^r_õ$ dlrjÆAp° kp\°

48

A_°L$ ‚L$pf° h°]$p¨[_p° rhQpf L$fu b∞ k|”_y d_p°lf cpÛe f√ey. A° ipfufL$ipfufL$ipfufL$ipfufL$ipfufL$

cpÛecpÛecpÛecpÛecpÛe _pd° S>N rhøep[ bfiey¨. A° Jdf° [°dZ° b∞˚k|” D`fp¨[ ]$k

‚pQu_ [“hp°`]° $iL$ D`r_j]π $p ° `f [\p [°Ap°_p ¨ [“hkpfÍ$`

Óud]π$cNh]π$Nu[p D`f, dlpcpf[_p¨ rhÛœklˆ_pd `f [\p

k_–ky≈[ue k¨hp]$ D`f gp°L$p°_p¨rl[p\£ cpÛep° f√ep. S>°_u rhı[©[

QQpÆ Ap ‚L$fZdp¨ ApNm L$fhpdp¨ Aphi°. []y$`fp¨[ D`]°$ikpl˜u Apq]$

h°]$p¨[N∞¨\p° [\p kp^_`¨QL$pq]$ ı[p°”p° f√ep¨, A_° Ap N∞¨\p° `p°[p_p¨

riÛep°_° cZpÏep. [°d_p riÛeh©]$_u QQpÆ ApNm D`f L$fhpdp¨ Aphi°.

–epf`R>u L°V$gpL$ `piy`[d[hpmp kp\° i¨L$f° k¨hp]$ L$ep£. khÆ

`piy [d[hpmp ApQpeÆ_p¨ kd\Æop_ A_° k| d [LÆ$\u dy¡^ \B `p°[p_p°

d[ R>p°X$u [°d_° ifZ° \ep A_° A‹•[dpNÆ_p° ıhuL$pf L$ep£.

hpfpZkudp¨ ‚–epNd_ A_° Ïepk∆_p° d°mp` :-hpfpZkudp¨ ‚–epNd_ A_° Ïepk∆_p° d°mp` :-hpfpZkudp¨ ‚–epNd_ A_° Ïepk∆_p° d°mp` :-hpfpZkudp¨ ‚–epNd_ A_° Ïepk∆_p° d°mp` :-hpfpZkudp¨ ‚–epNd_ A_° Ïepk∆_p° d°mp` :-

Óu i¨L$f_p¨ L$piudp¨ `^pepÆ_p¨ kdpQpf ‚kf[p¨ afu S>_kdpS>_u

cuX$ \hp gpNu. cprhL$ cº[p°_u ]$iÆ_ dpV°$ A_° rh‹p_ kdpS>_u fiepe,

[LÆ$, h°]$p¨[ hN°f° rhjep°_u QQpÆ dpV°$ [\p dydynyAp°_u op_‚pr· dpV°$

cuX$ \hp gpNu. Óui¨L$f° `p°[p_p cpÛep° lh° `p°[p_p riÛep°_° riMÏep¨

l[p¨, [°\u Ap L$peÆdp¨ [°Ap° `Z d]$]$ L$f[p l[p. _psı[L$^dÆ_y¨ M¨X$_,

h°]$_p¨ _pd° Qpg[p¨ `pM¨X$p°_u `p°L$m[p_p° OV$ıap°V$, h°]$-h°]$p¨[_p op__p°

‚Qpf hN°f° lh° `|f≈°idp¨ QpÎey¨. A_°L$ rh‹p_p°A°, ^dpÆQpep£A° A_°

gp°L$p°A° Ap h°]$p¨[_p¨ rkŸp¨[p°, M¨X$_-d¨X$_ `Ÿr[Ap° kd∆ [°_° N∞lZ

L$epÆ A_° A_°L$ gp°L$p°A° Ap kp°m hjÆ_p¨ i¨L$f_y¨ riÛe–h ıhuL$peyØ. Qpf

‚dyM riÛep° `•L$u k_¨]$_ riÛe_u ‚pr· Alv \B l[u.

49

b∞˚k|”, D`r_j]$p° [\p Óud]π$cNh]π$Nu[p (‚ı\p_”eu) D`f

cpÛe gM_pf Óu i¨L$f ‚\d l[p. Ap\u [°d_u øepr[ rh‹p_p°dp¨

OZu h^u. `qfh[Æ_ `pd[p S>N[_u `pR>m AQm-Adf S>° [“h R>°.

[° S> hpı[rhL$ R>°. A_° [° khÆ” R>°, [° rkhpe Ap S>N[dp¨ `pfdpr\ÆL$

÷rÙ$A° L$p¨B S> _\u. [° S> `fd[“h_y¨ - "S|>S>h° Í$`° A_¨[ cpk°' Ap

rkŸp¨[_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_ [°dZ° Ap cpÛep°dp¨ A°hu ‚dpZ`yf:kf cpjp‹pfp

L$eyØ, L°$ dlp_ `¨qX$[p° `Z [°dp¨ ]$p°j b[phu iºep _rl. Ap\u Ap

kpnfhNÆ lh° [°d_° (ApQpeÆdp_u) Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ _pd\u k¨bp°^[p-

Ap°mM[p \ep. Ap_y `qfZpd A° ApÏey¨ L°$ Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ `R>u S>° S>°

k¨‚]$pe_p¨ ApQpep£ \ep [°d_° `Z Ap ‚ı\p_”eu `f cpÛe gMu

`p°[p_p° d[ ‚r[`pq]$[ L$fhp_u S>Í$f S>ZpB A_° gp°L$p° [p° A°dS> kdS>hp

gp¡ep L°$ S>°_pdp¨ Ap dlp_N∞¨\p° `f cpÛe fQhp_u isº[lp°e A_° S>°

Ap cpÛep° fQ° [° S> ApQpeÆ L$l°hpe43, bu≈ _rl.

h°]$Ïepk_p ]$iÆ_ A_° Apey_u ‚pr· :-h°]$Ïepk_p ]$iÆ_ A_° Apey_u ‚pr· :-h°]$Ïepk_p ]$iÆ_ A_° Apey_u ‚pr· :-h°]$Ïepk_p ]$iÆ_ A_° Apey_u ‚pr· :-h°]$Ïepk_p ]$iÆ_ A_° Apey_u ‚pr· :-

S>°_p qL$_pf° h°]$Ïepk° b∞˚k|”p°, dlpcpf[ A_° `yfpZp°_u fQ_p

L$fu R>° A° kfıh[u_p Apq]$ ˜p°[_p° gp°` `yfpZp°dp¨ _p¢^pep° R>°. AÃ

bw·m gaÒdVr `Z h°]$Ïepk° S>° op_Í$`u kfıh[u_p¨ ˜p°[ kdp¨ N∞¨\p°_u

fQ_p L$fu R>° [° N∞¨\p° [p° AS>f Adf bfiep R>°. A° S> N¨NpqL$_pf° cNhp_

i¨L$f° ‚ı\p_”eu`f_p¨ cpÛep°, ı[p°”p° A_° ‚L$fZN∞¨\p° [p° f√ep `Z [°

N∞¨\p°dp¨ fl°g h°]$p¨[ op__p° ‚Qpf L$fhp dpV°$ Nyfy`f¨`fp fQphu ≈°BA°.

kp°m hjÆ `|ZÆ \[pdp¨ [p° Óu i¨L$f ∆h_gugp k¨L°$gu g°hp_p R>° [°_u

≈Z h°]$Ïepk∆_° l[u. cg° [°Ap° ı\|m ]°$l° f¸p _ lp°[p, `f¨[y rQf¨∆h

50

rkqŸ_p ‚[p`° [°Ap° B√R>p ‚dpZ° _hp° ]°$l gB iº[p l[p.

A°L$ kde° N¨NpqL$_pf° [°Ap° riÛep°_° Ïepkk|”_y¨ ipfufL$cpÛe

cZph[p l[p. d›epfil_p¨ Ap kde° riÛe hNÆ `pW$ cZ[p¨ b°W$p¨ l[p¨.

ıhı\ rQ—° ApQpeÆ ı\p_\u DW$hp_u [•epfudp¨ l[p A°V$gpdp¨ AL$ıdp[

A°L$ h©›^ b∞p˚Z –ep¨ ApÏep°. [°Z° i¨L$f [fa ◊rÙ$`p[ L$fu `|Rπ>ey¨ - [d°

L$p°Z R>p° ? ºey¨ ip˜ cZphp° R>p° ? Ap kp¨cmu [°_p¨ riÛep° `•L$u A°L$

L$ y, ""l° q‹S>heÆ ! Ap Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ h°]$p¨[_p¨ flıeÍ$` A‹•[ rkŸp¨[_p¨

ApQpeÆ A_° Adpfp khÆ_p Nyfy R>°. A°dZ° ÏepkfrQ[ b∞˚k|” [\p

Afie ]$k D`r_j]π$p° D`f cpÛep° f√ep¨ R>°. S>°dp¨ L°$hgp‹•[rh¤p_p¨

rkŸp¨[p°_p° e\p\Æfu[° rhQpf L$f°gp° R>°. [°_p° AÊepk L$fu [°_p¨ D`f Ad°

rhQpf L$fuA° R>uA°.'' Ap kp¨cmu h©Ÿ b∞p˚Z° ApQpeÆ_° L$¸y¨ - ""Ap

[dpfp¨ riÛep° iy¨ L$l° R>° ? hmu [dpfu he[p° lSy> OZu _p_u R>°. Ap

kOmp¨ riÛep°, [d° cpÛeL$pf R>p° A°hp° r_]£$i L$f° R>°. S>°_p\u d_° ApÚeÆ

D–`fl \pe R>°. b∞˚k|”_y¨ cpÛe L$fhy¨ A° kpdpfie d_yÛebyqŸ_y¨ L$pd

_\u. A° [p° Oœ¨ S> L$qW$_ R>°. A°L$p]$ k|”_y¨ e\p\Æ rhh°Q_ L$fu b[php°

[p° S>Í$f [d_° ^fiehp]$ Ap`ui.''

ApN¨[yL$ b∞p˚Z_y¨ L$l°hy¨ `|fy¨ \[p¨ i¨L$f° [° rh‚hf_° _dıL$pf L$epÆ.

A_° [°d_u B√R>p ‚dpZ°_p¨ k|”_u e\pisº[ Ïepøep L$fu Ap`hp_p°

‚e–_ L$fui A°d S>ZpÏey. –epf° h©Ÿ b∞p˚Z° b∞ k|”_p¨ [©[ue A›epe_p¨

‚\d `p]$_p¨ ‚\d k|”_u Ïepøep L$fhp_p° A_yfp°^ L$ep£. Ap k|” _uQ°

‚dpZ° R>°.

VX›Va‡oV[Œmm° aßhoV gÂ[naÓd∑Vï ‡˚ZoZÍ$[Um‰`m_≤ $& 44 A\Æ : [°\u

51

A°V$g° `|hÆ ]°$l\u Afie_u A°V$g° D—f ]°$l_u ‚pr·dp¨ ∆h ]°$l_p¨ buS> S>°

k|ˇd c|[ [° hX°$$ `qfh°rÙ$[ \B_° S> ≈e R>° A°d (ip˜p°dp¨ ≈°hp

dm[p¨) ‚Òp° A_° S>hpbp° D`f\u r_Úe \pe R>°.

Ap_p¨ S>hpbdp¨ Óui¨L$f° D—f Ap‡ep° L°$ l• rh‹p_ ! Ap k|”_p°

A\Æ A°hp° R>° L°$ dfZ kde° A°L$ ]°$l_° R>p°X$u_° bu≈ ]°$ldp¨ S>hy¨ `X°$ R>°.

–epf° ∆h ]°$l_p° Apf¨c L$f_pf `¨QuL©$[ `¨Qdlpc|[p°_p¨ k|ˇd cpNp° kp\°

hvV$mpB_° ≈e R>° A°d kdS>hy¨. L$pfZ L°$ Óyr[dp¨45 Np•[d_p¨ ‚Ò\u A_°

S>•rdr__p¨ D—f\u A° ‚dpZ° ‚r[`p]$_ L$f°gy¨ R>°46. Óui¨L$fpQpe£ L$f°gp¨

A\Æ_y¨ h©Ÿ b∞p˚Z° M¨X$_ L$eyØ. A_° rhfp°^u `n_p¨ ApW$ ‚L$pf_p¨ r_Í$`Zp°

A°L$ `R>u A°L$ fS|> L$epÆ. Apd _° Apd bfl°_p° rhhp]$ ApW$ q]$hk QpÎep°.

ApQpeÆÓuA° ip¨r[\u ‚dpZ `yf:kf S>hpbp° Ap`u h©Ÿ b∞p˚Z_y¨

kdp^p_ L$eyØ.

kpdpfie d_yÛedp¨ _ ≈°hpdp¨ Aph[u A° h©Ÿ b∞p˚Z_u rh¤p,

ApV$gu h©Ÿhedp¨ `Z ip˜QQpÆ L$fhp_p° [°d_p° ‚bm D–kpl,

h©Ÿphı\p\u S>fp `Z nuZ[p_° _ `pd°gu A°d_u A`|hÆ ıd©r[, A°d_u

[LÆ$ L$fhp_u [ghpf_u ^pf S>°hu [uˇZ A_° AS>°e eysº[, A°d_p ‚–e°L$

hpºe_p¨ `]$gprg–e hN°f° ≈°B riÛe k_¨]$_ [\p ApQpeÆÓu_p d_dp¨

rhQpf ApÏep° L°$, Ap L$p°B Ap ]y$r_ep_p ≈N©r[, ıh‡_, kyjyr·hpmu

]y$r_ep_p-`yfyj _ lp°B iL°$. "Ap h©Ÿ er[ h°]$p¨[_y¨ flıe S>pZ_pf Ïepk

R>°.' Ap h©Ÿ b∞p˚Z ıhe¨ Ïepk∆ l[p. [°dZ° k¨[p°j `pdu ‚kfl \B

Ap_¨]$ Ïeº[ L$f[p¨ i¨L$f_° L$ y L°$ - "l° i¨L$f [dpfp `p¨rX$–e A_° rh_e\u

d_° OZp° S> k¨[p°j \ep° R>°. [d° dpfp b∞˚k|” `f cpÛe f√ey¨ R>° [°

52

≈Zu Ap cpÛe L°$hy¨ R>° [° ≈Zhp_u B√R>p\u dpfy¨ Alv Aphhy¨ \ey¨ R>°.'

`R>u i¨L$f° `p°[p_y¨ kdN∞ cpÛe Ïepk∆_° b[pÏey¨. [°Ap° ‚kfl \ep.

‚kfl \e°gp Ïepk° L$¸y¨ - [dpfp ∆h__p¨ 16 hjÆ ApS>° `|fp¨ \pe R>°,

A_° lSy> A‹•[dpNÆ_p¨ op_ ‚Qpf_y¨ L$peÆ A^yfy¨ R>°. h°]$p¨[_p¨ k–e [“hp°_°

‚L$pri[ L$fhp dpV°$ [d° k¨`|ZÆ Ar^L$pfu R>p°. hmu `p`uAp°_p° DŸpf L$fu

A‹•[op__p° ‚Qpf [dpfp rkhpe buSy>¨ L$p°Z L$fi° ? Ly$dpqfg cÀ$_p

[_[p°X$ ‚e–_\u L°$V$gpL$ _psı[L$ bp•Ÿp° `fpS>e `pÁep R>° A° Mfy¨, `Z

l∆ [°d_u k¨øep rhi°j R>° A_° [°d_p d[_p° ‚cph l∆ ‚bmÍ$`°

‚h[£ R>°. hmu Ly$dpqfg cÀ°$ dp” h°]$_p L$dÆL$p¨X$_p ‚Qpf\u gp°L$p°_p¨ d_

h°]$^dÆ ‚–e° hpmhp ‚e–_ L$f°gp° R>°; `f¨[y ƒep¨ ky^u op_L$p¨X$_p Ó°õ$

[“h_p° ‚Qpf _rl \pe, –ep¨ ky^u rh‹p_ dydynyAp°-S>_[p_p Mfp

_°[pAp° Ap ^dÆ ‚–e° hmi° _rl. Y$p¢Nu, Ak–ehp]$u, ]y$fpQpfu d_yÛep°

kfm A¨[:L$fZ_p rS>opkyAp°_° ApX°$ fı[° ]$p°fu S>i° A_° A–epf_u

ce¨L$f ^dÆ¡gpr_ ]$|f \i° _rl. [dpfp byqŸdp_ riÛep°\u `Z [dpfy¨

L$peÆ _rl \B iL°$; L$pfZ L°$ Ap khÆ” rhfpS>[p¨ A°L$ S> [–h_p° A_ych

L$fphhp_u S>° dlpisº[ [dpfpdp¨ ‚L$V$ \B R>° [° [°d_pdp¨ _\u A_° ≈°

Ap isº[`p[ hX°$ Ap iyŸop__y¨ rh[fZ S>_kdpS>dp¨ _rl \pe [p°

d_yÛep° Ap L$qW$_ op_dpNÆ iu fu[° kdS>i° ? `p`uAp°_p° DŸpf [dpfp

rkhpe L$p°Z L$fi° ? dpV°$ [dp° l∆ `Z \p°X$p° hM[ d_yÛe]°$l ^pfZ L$fu

flp°. dpV°$ ]•$hbm\u ApW$hjÆ A_° dpfu ep°Nisº[_p¨ bm\u bu≈ ApW$hjÆ

A°d bu≈ 16 hjÆ_y¨ [dpfy¨ ApeyÛe lz¨ h^pfy¨ Ry>¨. A°V$g° khÆc°]$hp]$uAp°_°

∆[u, ©’hu`f q]$s¡hƒe L$fu A‹•[d[_p° ‚Qpf L$fp°. A°hu Apop Ap`u

53

Ïepk∆ A◊Ìe \B Nep.

buSy>¨ Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ b]$qfL$pÓddp¨ f¸p l[p –epf° Np•X$`p]$∆ _° d˛ep

l[p A°d `Z L$l°hpe R>°. Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ∆ i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨ Nyfy_p¨ Nyfy

[fuL°$ ıhuL$pfhpdp¨ Aph° [p° ƒepf° i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ 16 hjÆ_p lp°e –epf°

Np•X$`p]$∆ `p°[p_u D—fphı\pdp¨ lep[ lp°e A_° b¨fi_° d˛ep lp°e A°d

k¨chu iL°$ Mͨ$. Ap d°mp` ‹pfp Np•X$`p]°$ ≈Œey¨ lp°e L°$ Óui¨L$f S>

[°d_p ‚riÛe R>°, A_° `fp°n fu[° `p°[p_p S> A‹•[]$piÆr_L$ rhQpfp°_p°

‚Qpf-‚kpf L$fu f¸p R>°. S>°_u QL$pkZu A\£ L°$ `R>u ‚kfi_[pMp[f

Np•X$`p]°$ `p°[p_u `pk°\u b∞˚k|”_u kdS>Z `pd°gp L$p°B [“ho_°

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u L$kp°V$u A\£ dp°L$Îep lp°e, A\hp L$p°B_° dp°L$Îep rh_p ıhe¨

`Z [“ho i¨L$fpQpeÆ\u ApL$jpÆB_° –ep¨ Nep lp°e A° `Z iºe R>°.

A\hp L$p°B d°Ophu [“hrS>opky i¨L$pAp°_y¨ kdp^p_ d°mhhp L°$ `R>u

`p°[p_y¨ op_ ◊Y$ L$fphhp i¨L$fpQpeÆ `pk° `lp¢Qu Nep lp°e A° Ak¨crh[

_\u.

‚epNNd_ A_° cÀ$`p]$_p° d°mp` :-‚epNNd_ A_° cÀ$`p]$_p° d°mp` :-‚epNNd_ A_° cÀ$`p]$_p° d°mp` :-‚epNNd_ A_° cÀ$`p]$_p° d°mp` :-‚epNNd_ A_° cÀ$`p]$_p° d°mp` :-

cNhp_ Óu h°]$Ïepk° S>° q]$Ïeh°]$ ^dÆ_p¨ ‚Qpf_y¨ L$peÆ kp¢‡ey l[y [°

[fa lh° ApQpeÆÓu ›ep_ Ap`hp gp¡ep. A°d_° gp¡ey L°$ ≈° Ap L$peÆdp¨

Ly$dpqfg cÀ$ S>°hp ‚Mf rh‹p__p° klL$pf d°mhu iL$pe [p° Ap L$peÆ

iu^∞Nr[A° ApNm h^°. `f¨[y Ly$dpqfgcÀ$ L$dÆhp]$u lp°hp\u ƒep¨ ky^u

[°Ap° op_dpNÆ_u Ó°õ$[p ıhuL$pf° _rl –ep¨ ky^u [°d_p L$peÆdp¨ kam[p

dmhu dyÌL°$g R>°. Ap rhQpf\u Óu i¨L$f `p°[p_p¨ riÛep° krl[ rlfi]y$

^dÆ_p¨ DŸpfp\£ ‚epNdp¨ `^pfu ApQpeÆÓu cÀ$`p]$_° d˛ep.

54

‚epNdp¨ `lp¢Q[p¨ A°d_° Mbf d˛ep, L°$ Ly$dpqfg cÀ$ [p° A°dZ°

bp•Ÿp° `pk° op_ d°mhu [° op_hX°$ A°d_p° S> `fpS>e L$fu Nyfy÷p°l_y¨

`p[L$ L$eyØ l[y¨. [°_p ip˜rhrl[ ‚perÚ[Í$`° ApNdp¨ bmu dfhp_u

[•epfudp¨ R>°. Ap\u [°Ap° A°d_p riÛe krl[ A°L$d –ep¨ Nep, Ap

L$qW$_ ‚perÚ—_p° rhQpf R>p°X$u ]°$hp ApQpeÆÓuA° cÀ$_° blz kd≈Ïep

`Z [° Ïe\Æ _uhX$Èy¨. ^dÆ depÆ]$p kpQhhu A° dpfy¨ ∆h_k|” R>° A°V$gy¨

S> L$¸y¨. `R>u ApQpeÆÓuA° A°d_u kp\° hp]$-rhhp]$ L$fhp_u Arcgpjp

]$ipÆhu; `f¨[y Ly$dpqfg cÀ$ `p°[p_p ‚perÚ— L$fhp_p r_Úe\u X$¡ep

_rl. A°dZ° L$¸y¨, dpfp° riÛe d¨X$_rdÓ dpfp L$f[p¨ rhi°j rh‹p_ A_°

byqŸdp_ R>° [°\u [°_u kp\° hp]$rhhp]$ L$f≈°. A°_p° S>e [\p `fpS>e [°

dpfp° S> kdS>≈°. Z oZo¸VmWm©o¤a_p›V Yramï $&

cÀ$`p]$ `pk°\u S> A‹•[dpNÆ_p° ‚Qpf L$fhp dpV°$ kp• ‚\d `¨qX$[

kdy]$pe_p¨ d¨X$_Í$` b_°gp A°hp d¨X$_ rdÓ_° ip˜\Æ ‹pfp `fp∆[

A‹•[op__y¨ kpd∞pƒe ı\p`hp_u ‚°fZp gu^u. Óu bg]°$h D`p›epe

_p¢^° R>° L°$ - "d¨X$_rdÓ_° ip˜p\Ædp¨ ∆[hp A° cpf[_p kdı[ `¨qX$[p°_°

∆[hp bfpbf l[y¨. L$p°B `Z d[ a°gphhp° lp°e L°$ L$p°B ]$piÆr_L$ rkŸp¨[

‚ı\pr`[ L$fhp° lp°e [p° [° dpV°$ [°d_u klpe[p A_° klp_yc|r[ ‚p·

L$fhu r_[p¨[ AphÌeL$ b_[y. [°\u i¨L$fpQpeÆ° kp•‚\d [°d_° S> ip˜p\Ædp¨

∆[hp DrQ[ dpfiey¨. A° ip˜p\Æ A_°L$ ◊rÙ$A° dl“h`|ZÆ lp°B M|b

‚rkŸ R>°. i¨L$fpQpe£ q]$s¡hS>e_p° Alv\u S> ‚pf¨c L$fu `p°[p_p¨ rkŸp¨[p°_p°

‚Qpf iÍ$ L$ep£. A° ip˜p\Æ `R>u i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° ‚cph kpfp e cpf[

D`f ≈du Nep°.47'

55

d¨X$_rdÓ kp\° ip˜p\Æ :-d¨X$_rdÓ kp\° ip˜p\Æ :-d¨X$_rdÓ kp\° ip˜p\Æ :-d¨X$_rdÓ kp\° ip˜p\Æ :-d¨X$_rdÓ kp\° ip˜p\Æ :-

‚epN R>p°X$u i¨L$f dprlÛd[u48 _Nfudp¨ `^pepÆ. fı[pdp¨ dm°gu

`r_lpfuAp°_° d¨X$_rdÓ_y¨ Of `|Rπ>ey¨. `r_lpfuAp°A° L$¸y¨ - "dlpfpS>,

S>° ch__p¨ ‹pf° V$p¨N°gp `p¨S>fpdp¨ b°W°$gp d°_p-`p° V$ k¨ıL©$[dp¨ h°]$hpZu_p°

D√Qpf L$f[p¨ lp°e L°$'-

ÒdVï ‡_mUß [aVï ‡_mUß H$samßJZm `Ã oJaß oJao›V $&

¤maÒWZrS>m›VagßoZÈ’>m OmZroh V›_ßS>Z[ßoS>Vm°H$ï $&&

OJX≤ Y´wdß Ò`mV≤ OJXY´wdß Ò`mV≤ H$samßJZm `Ã oJaß oJap›V $&

¤maÒWZrS>m›VagßoZÈ’m OmZroh V›_ßS>Z[ßoS>Vm°H$ï $&&49

h°]$ ıh[: ‚dpZ R>° L°$, bu≈_p¨ ‚dpZ_y¨ Ahg¨b_ g° R>° ?

‚pZuAp°_° L$dÆ_p¨am Ap`_pf L$dÆ R>° L°$ Bf ? S>N[ r_–e R>° L°$ Ar_–e?

[° Of d¨X$_rdÓ_y¨ R>° A°d ≈Z≈°. d¨X$_rdÓ_y¨ Of Ap°mMu [°d_p¨

‹pf° i¨L$fpQpeÆ° ep°Nbm\u50 ‚h°i L$ep£. d¨X$_rdÓ L$dÆL$p¨X$_p¨ ‚bm

rldpe[u l[p. S>°d ‚p[:L$pm ]°$h`|S>_ dpV°$, [°d d›epfilπ$L$pm

r`[©S>_p°_p¨ [`ÆZ dpV°$ iycNZpe R>°. [° q]$hk° r`[p_y¨ ÓpŸ lp°hp\u

_mO©`mo_ V[©`mo_ _p¨ rhq^\u r`[©Ap°_p¨ `|S>_-AQÆ_ L$peÆdp¨ `¨qX$[

`p°[p_p¨ ^dÆ`–_u kp\° Ïeı[ l[p. L$dÆ–epNu k¨fiepku_° ≈°B_°[°d_°

æ$p°^ D`ƒep°51. ÓpŸqæ$ep dpV°$ `^pf°gp S>•rdr_ F>rjA° ApQpeÆ_°

Ap°møep. [°dZ° i¨L$f_p° Ap]$fk–L$pf L$fu Apk_ Ap‡ey¨. d¨X$_rdÓ_°

ip¨[ L$epÆ. ip¨[ b_°gp d¨X$_rdÓA° AoVoW Xdm ^d _p N©lı\^dÆ_° ep]$

L$fu ndpepQu A_° rcnp dpV°$ r_d¨”Z Ap‡ey¨. –epf° i¨L$fpQpe£ L$¸y¨ L°$

- "lz¨ Afi__u rcnp dpV°$ ApÏep° _\u, `f¨[y L$dÆ A_° op_dp¨ ºey¨ Ó°õ$

56

[° rhj° ip˜p\Æ L$fu r_ZÆe L$fhp rhhp]$ rcnp dpV°$ dpfy¨ ApNd_ \ey¨

R>°, A_° [d° d_° rcnp_y¨ r_d¨”Z L$eyØ R>° [p°, lz¨ S>° rcnp dpNy¨ [° [dpf°

Ap`hu ≈°BA°$ ≈° [dpfp° L$dÆdpNÆ Ó°õ$ li° [p° dpf° [dpfp riÛe b_u

[dpfp° A¨NuL$pf L$fhp° f¸p° A_° ≈° op_dpNÆ Ó°õ$ W$f° [p° [dpf° dpfp

riÛe b_u op_dpNÆ_p° ıhuL$pf L$fhp°.' `fı`f_° Ap if[ ıhuL$peÆ \B

`f¨[y khpg d›eı\u L$p°Z b_° A° l[p°. Aphp b° dlp_ hp]$op°_p¨

d›eı\u \hp_y¨ kplk L$p°Z L$fu iL°$ ? d¨X$_rdÓA° ÓpŸrhq^ A\£

`^pf°gp F>rj S>•rdr__° d›eı\ b_hp rh_hZu L$fu –epf° [°dZ° kpd°\u

Dcecpf[u_° d›eı\u b_phhp L$¸y¨.

bu≈ q]$hk\u ip˜p\Æ_p° Apf¨c \ep°. d›eı\u [fuL°$ d¨X$_rdÓ_p¨

^dÆ`–_u rh]|$ju Dcecpf[u L°$ S>°Ap° kfıh[u_p°S> Ah[pf l[p [°d_°

_udhpdp¨ ApÏep. Dcecpf[u OZp¨ S> rh‹p_ l[p. [°dZ° khÆip˜p° -

R> A¨N krl[ h°]$p° [°dS> L$pÏepq]$ khÆkprl–e_p° AÊepk L$ep£ l[p°.

gp°L$p° [°_y¨ op_ ≈°B ApÚeÆdy¡^ \[p. "cpf[u ip˜p\Æ_p° r_Û`n`Z°

fiepe`|hÆL$ r_ZÆe L$fi° A°hp° dpfp° rhpk R>°52.' A°d L$lu ApQpe£

[°d_° d›eı\u [fuL°$ k¨dr[ Ap`u. ip˜p\Æ_p° ‚pf¨c \[p¨ `l°gp¨

cpf[uA° `r[ A_° ApQpeÆi¨L$f_° A°L$ A°L$ `yÛ`dpmp `l°fphu A_° L$¸y¨

L°$ - "S>°_p L¨$W$dp¨_u `yÛ`dpmp L$fdpi° [°_p° `fpch \ep° R>° [°d ≈Zhy¨

A_° S>°_u L¨$W$dpmp ‚azrâ[ fl° [°_p° rhS>e \e°gp° ≈Zhp°53.'

Ap fu[° bfl° h√Q° ip˜p\Æ iÍ$ \ep°. b¨fl°A° ApQpfk¨rl[p ‚dpZ°

‚r[op gB `p°[`p°[p_p `n_u ı\p`_p L$fu. ApQpeÆÓu_u ‚r[op:

(1) "A°L$ S> Aq‹[ue b∞˚ k–e R>° A_° (2) L$dÆ\u dp°n _\u `Z

57

op_\u dp°n R>° A° Óyr[Ap°_° Ap^pf° dpfp [fa\u rkŸ L$fu b[phhpdp¨

Aphi°.'

d¨X$_rdÓ_u ‚r[op: h°]$_p° L$dÆL$p¨X$ cpN S> k–e R>° _° op_L$p¨X$_p°

cpN A\Æhp]$Í$` R>°. Mfy kyM ıhNÆ‚pr· R>°. A° S> d_yÛe∆h__u dysº[

R>°. A° S> ∆h__p° Dÿ°i R>° A_° [° L$dÆ\u ‚p· \pe R>°. Bf _\u `Z

L$dÆ S> khp£`fu R>°. A°d lz¨ Óyr[ Apq]$_p¨ ‚dpZp°\u rkŸ L$fu b[phui.

Apd i¨L$f æ$di: L$dÆdpNÆ_y¨ M¨X$_ A_° op_dpNÆ_y¨ d¨X$_ L$fhp

dp¨X$Èp. [p° kpd° d¨X$_rdÓ `Z op_dpNÆ_y¨ M¨X$_ L$fu L$dÆdpNÆ_y¨ d¨X$_

L$f[p f¸p. b¨fl° rh‹p_p° æ$p° _° hi \ep rh_p `fd[_y M¨X$_ A_° ıhd[_y

d¨X$_ OZuS> ep°¡e[p, kl_iug[p, [LÆ$ A_° h°]$hpºe_p¨ ‚dpZhX°$

‚Òp°—f\u L$fu f¸p l[p. L°$V$gpL$ q]$hk ky^u Ap ip˜p\Æ QpÎep°. L$p°_u

lpf A_° L$p°_u ∆[ \i° [° L$mu iL$pe [°d _ l[y¨. kdy÷d¨\__u S>°d Ap

hp]$d¨\_ l[y¨. OZp¨ ‚Òp°—fp° \ep. R>°hV°$ ApQpeÆA° Óyr[Ap°_p¨ ‚dpZ54

hX°$ L$dÆdpNÆ L$f[p¨ op_dpNÆ_y¨ Ó°õ$`œ¨ rkŸ L$fu b[pÏey¨. d¨X$_rdÓ_p¨

L¨$W$_u `yÛ`dpmp L$fdpB NB. Dcecpf[uA° d¨X$_rdÓ_p° `fpƒe A_°

ApQpeÆ_p° rhƒe \e°gp° ≈l°f L$ep£. dp^h° d¨X$_rdÓ_p¨ `fpS>e_u hp[

blz k|QL$ fu[° fS|> L$fu R>°.-

BÀWß `oVojoV[VaZw_m⁄ `wo∑Vß _mbmß M _ßS>ZJb_obZm_d˙`$&

o^jmW©_w¿MbV_⁄ `wdmo_Vr_mdyoMÔ> Vß [wZÈdmM `Vr›–_Â]m $&& 8/132

`r[_p¨ Nmpdp¨ L$fdpe°gu dpmp ≈°B A°V$g° - "lh° ApS>° [d° b¨fl°

rcnp g°hp `^pfp°.' A°d L$¸y¨, (`r[ lh° k¨fiepku b_u Nep R>°. Ap\u

`l°gp_u S>°d S>dhp `^pfp° A°d Sy>]y¨$ _ L$¸y¨).

58

d¨X$_rdÓ r_fy—f \ep, R>[p¨ OZp kde\u dp_°gu `|hÆdudp¨kp

ip˜_u S> k–e[p [°d_p ˘]$edp¨\u ]|$f _ \B, [°\u [°dZ° ApQpeÆÓu_°

L$¸y¨: dpfp° `fpƒe \hp\u d_° g°i `Z M°]$ \[p° _\u; `f¨[y rhL$pg]$iw

Óu S>•rdr__p d[_y¨ M¨X$_ \ey¨ [°_p° d_° Ar[ M°]$ R>°. l∆ d_° gpN° R>°

L°$ ÓuS>•rdr_ S>°hp dyr__p° Arc‚pe Ak–e _ lp°B iL°$, Ap\u

ApQpeÆÓuA° A°d_° `|hÆdudp¨kp_p¨ k|”p° V$p¨L$u kd≈Ïey¨, L°$ ÓuS>•rdr__p°

d[ Ak–e _\u; `f¨[y dp°n‚pr· dpV°$ [°_y¨ ı\p_ Np•Z R>°; L$pfZ L°$ `|hÆ

dudp¨kpdp¨ L$\°gp¨ L$dp£\u rQ—iyqŸ L$fu g°hp_u [p° S>Í$f R>° S> `Z

[°V$gp\u S> dp°nrkqŸ _\u. rQ—iyqŸ \ep `R>u ÓhZ, d__,

r_r]$›epk_\u op_ ‚p· L$epÆ rkhpe dp°n‚pr· \[u _\u, [°\u

dp°n‚pr·dp¨ `|hÆdudp¨kp_y¨ ı\p_ S>Í$f R>°, `Z [° Np•Z R>° A_°

D—fdudp¨kp_y¨ ı\p_ dyøe R>°. ApV$gy¨ L$¸p R>[p¨ d¨X$_rdÓ_y¨ ≈°BA° [°hy¨

kdp^p_ \e°gy¨ ApQpeÆÓu_° gp¡ey¨, [°\u A°dZ° ÓuS>•rdr__y¨ ıdfZ

L$eyØ, ÓuS>•rdr_ –ep¨ ‚L$V$ \ep. ApQpeÆÓu_p L$\__u k–e[p_u afu

[°dZ° `p°[° `Z [° S> ‚dpZ° kd≈hu Mp[fu L$fu Ap`u. ÓuS>•rdr_

A¨[^pÆ_ \ep. lh° d¨X$_rdÓ_u ApQpeÆÓu_p `n_u k–e[p rhj° Mp[fu

\B NB.

Dcecpf[u_p° k¨hp]$ :-Dcecpf[u_p° k¨hp]$ :-Dcecpf[u_p° k¨hp]$ :-Dcecpf[u_p° k¨hp]$ :-Dcecpf[u_p° k¨hp]$ :-

d¨X$_rdÓA° "H$naÓ dMZß Vd' cph° `fpS>e ıhuL$pfu k¨fieı[ N∞lZ

L$fhp_u B√R>p ‚]$riÆ[ L$fu. Dcecpf[uA° `p°[p_u r_Û`n[p_°

S>fpe]|$rj[ \hp ]$u^u _lv, A_° i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ ‹pfp ‚r[‹fi‹u_p¨ `–_u

`f d|L°$gp rhpk _° hpS>bu W°$fÏep° [°dp¨S> [°d_u dlp_[p R>°. `p°[p_p

59

khÆıh_y¨ brg]$p_ R>[p¨ fieper_õ$p_° [°dZ° rhS>eh¨[fpMu i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨

rhhp]$rcnp `p”dp¨ kyf°fpQpeÆ ıhÍ$`° `r[_° kdr`Æ[ L$epÆ. [° kde°

Dcecpf[uA° ApQpeÆ_° L$¸y¨ L°$ - `r[h∞[p _pfu "`yfyj_y¨ A^pØNÆ R>°,

l∆ Ap`° dpfp° `fpƒe L$ep£ _\u –ep¨ ky^u Ap`_p° rhS>e k¨`|ZÆ _

NZu iL$pe.'

Dcecpf[u_u Aphu `r[csº[\u ApQpeÆÓu Ar[ ‚kfl \ep `f¨[y

gp°L$Í$qY$ A_° ApÓd^dÆ_° A_ykfu_° k¨fiepkuA° ˜u kp\° ip˜p\Æ$ _

L$fpe, Ap\u i¨L$f° Ar_√R>p ]$ipÆhu, –epf° [° rh]|$juA° L$¸y¨ L°$ "Ap`[p°

op_u R>p°, op_u dpZk ApÓd^dÆ\u `f lp°e, hmu op_dpNÆ_p¨

‚QpfL$_° b¨^_p° ip_p ? D`fp¨[, A°L$ S> b∞˚dp¨ dp__pf_° dpV°$ L$p°B

c°]$ b¨^_L$[pÆ _\u. `|h£ epohκe F>rjA° `Z NprNÆ kp\° A_°

S>_L$h•]°$luA° kygcp kp\° ip˜p\Æ L$f°gp°. dpV°$ dpfu kp\° ip˜p\Æ L$fhpdp¨

Ap`_° L$p°B bp^ _ lp°hp° ≈°BA°'. Apd Dcecpf[u_p¨ ApN∞l_° hi

\B i¨L$f° ip˜p\Æ L$fhp A_ydr[ Ap`u. cpf[u kp\°_p¨ hp]$rhhp]$dp¨

A_°L$ ‚Òp°—fp° \ep. Apd \[p k—f q]$hk hu[u Nep. R>°hV°$

Dcecpf[uA° k¨fiepku_° [°_p A_ych blpf_p¨ L$pdip˜ rhjeL$ ‚Òp°

`|Rπ>ep¨. A°dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p° `fpS>e r_rÚ[ l[p° `f¨ rh‹p_ ApQpeÆA°

A°L$dpk_u dy]$[ gB ep°Nrh¤p\u AdÍ$L fp≈_p¨ ifufdp¨ ‚h°i L$fu

kL$g L$pdip˜_y¨ A›ee_ L$eyØ. A_° `R>u Dcecpf[u_p¨ d__y¨ kdp^p_

L$eyØ. Óu dlp]°$h_ S>°hp rh‹p_p° Ap ‚k¨N_° Ak¨bŸ OV$_p (Irrelevant

Interlude) L$lu_° i¨L$fQqf” dp¨\u ]y$f lV$ph° R>°55. Dcecpf[uA° L$¸y¨ -

"l° ApQpeÆ ! Ap` khÆo R>p°, Ap`° Ad_° ∆[u gu^p R>°'. Apd i¨L$f°

60

d¨X$_rdÓ_° ‚°jp°√Qpf`|hÆL$56 k¨fiepk]$unp Ap`u. Ap–d[“h_p° bp°^

Ap‡ep° kyf°f57 _pd Ap`u `p°[p_p `À$riÛe [fuL°$ ‚ı\pr`[ L$epÆ.

d¨X$_ rdÓ_p¨ rh]|$ju `–_u Dcecpf[uA° `Z `r[ kp\° k¨kpf_p°

–epN L$ep£ A_° k¨fieprk_u b_u ApQpeÆÓu_p op_‚Qpf_p¨ L$peÆdp¨ OZu

d]$]$ L$fu A_° `pR>m\u ApQpeÆÓuA° i©N°fudW$_u ı\p`_p L$fu d¨X$_rdÓ_°

[° dW$_p Ar^õ$p[p b_pÏep, –epf° Dcecpf[u `Z –ep¨ S>B f¸p¨.

A_° ƒepf° A°dZ° ]°$l R>p°X$Èp° –epf° A°d_p rQf¨[_ ıdpfL$ [fuL°$ i©N°fudp¨

ipf]$p-kfıh[u-d¨q]$f ApQpeÆÓuA° b¨^pÏey¨. "^O emaXmÂ]m_OÚß

_XÂ]m_≤' (emaXmÔ>H$) `R>u [°Ap° ]$rnZdp¨ FÛei©¨N `hÆ[ `f Nep.'

L$p`prgL$ A_° Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-L$p`prgL$ A_° Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-L$p`prgL$ A_° Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-L$p`prgL$ A_° Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-L$p`prgL$ A_° Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ :-

AhßH$maß ]bß X[© H$m_ß H´$mY M gßolVmï $&

_m_À_[aXhfw ‡o¤fVm@‰`gy`H$mï $&&

AmÀ_gß^modVmï ÒV„Ym YZ_mZ_Xmp›dVmï $&

`OßV Zm_`k°ÒV Xß^ZmodoY[yd©H$_≤ $&

VmZhß o¤fVï H´y$am›gßgmafw ZamY_mZ≤ $&

oj[mÂ`OÛ_ew_mZmgwarÓdd `moZfw $&&58

]$rnZ ]°$idp¨ i•g`hÆ[ `f `^pf°gp ApQpeÆÓuA° L°$V$gp°L$ kde

–ep¨ Ïe[u[ L$ep£ [°d_p kyep°¡e riÛep°_° ipfufL$ cpÛepq]$ N∞¨\p° cZpÏep

[°d_p Ap riÛep°dp¨ Óu kyf°fpQpeÆ A_° Óu `⁄`p]$pQpeÆ ip˜rhjedp¨

A_° hp]$rhhp]$dp rhi°j Ly$im[p ^fph[p l[p. S>° L$p°B rh‹p_ –ep ip˜p\Æ

dpV°$ Aph°, [° kp•_° [LÆ$k¨N[ ip˜hpZu kd≈hu A‹•[d[_u rhi°j[p

kd≈h[p [°d S> Afie d[p°dp¨ fl°g EZ`p° b[phu; [°d_p ApN∞l

61

R>p°X$ph[p. Ap fu[° ]$rnZ ‚]$°idp¨ ‚Qqg[ `piy`[, i•h, dpl°f,

h•ÛZh `p¨Qfp” hN°f° Sy>]$p¨ Sy>]$p¨ ‚ı\p_p°_° A_ykf[p rh‹p_p°_u kp\°

ip˜p\Æ L$fu, [°d_° `fprS>[ L$f[p. Ap\u –ep¨_p khÆ gp°L$p°A°

ApQpeÆÓu_p° Ac°]$dpNÆ ıhuL$pep£. Ap ≈°B –ep¨ hk[p ]y$Ù$ L$p`prgL$

k¨‚]$pe_p A_yepeuAp° _pfpS> \ep. A_° ‚`¨Q≈m rbR>phu Ny· fu[°

ApQpeÆÓu_° dpfu _pMhp_u ep°S>_p L$fu. A_° A° L$pd r_jZp¨[

L$p`prgL$_° kp¢‡ey Alv Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u `pk° A°L$ L$p`prgL$ ApÏep° A_°

[°Z° L$¸y¨- "dlpfpS>, dpf° c•fh_° ‚kfl L$fhp [°d_u Apop ‚dpZ°

L$peÆrks›^ dpV°$ L$p°B fp≈_y¨ L°$ b”uk gnZp khÆo `yfyj_y¨ dp\y¨ ≈°BA°

R>°. ≈° Ap`_u dpfp `f L©$`p lp°e [p° Ap`_y¨ rif d_° Ap`p°' i¨L$f° `p°[°

kdpr^d¡_ lp°e –epf° Aphu `p°[p_y¨ rif gB S>hp [°_° S>ZpÏey¨. A°

dyS>b i¨L$f A°L$gp kdpr^dp¨ d¡_ l[p –epf° L$p`prgL$ [ghpf hX°$

rif√R>°]$ L$fhp_u [•epfu dp¨ l[p° –ep¨ S> `⁄`p]$ Aphu `lp¢√ep A_°

[°Z° d¨”rkqŸ_p bm hX°$ [°_° –ep¨S> dpfu _pøep°. Ap `R>u ApQpeÆÓuA°

Óuhâudp¨ S>B lı[pdgL$_° riÛe–hN∞lZ L$fpÏey¨:

`R>u `p°[p_p riÛe `⁄`p]$_° cpf[M¨X$dp¨ Aph°gp [u\p£_u ep”p

L$fhp_u ‚bm B√R>p lp°hp\u [°dZ° ApQpeÆ cNhp_ `pk° A_ydr[ dpNu

`f¨[y - "[u\Æep”pA° S>hp\u dpNÆdp¨ k¨fiepku_p¨ ^dp£_y¨ `\L$ ep°¡e

`pg_ \[y¨ _ lp°hp\u A_° ‚hpkdp¨ `Z A_°L$ ≈[_u dyÌL°$guAp°

Aphhp\u d_ ÏeN∞ fl° R>°. Aphp° ApQpeÆA° D`]°$i L$fu ‚\d [p°

`⁄`p]$_° hpepÆ. `f¨[y `⁄`p]$_u B√R>p ◊Y$ l[u A°V$g° ApQpeÆA° [°d_°

L°$V$gp¨L$ D`]°$i Ap`u [u\Æ ep”p_u A_yd[u Ap`u.'

62

S>__u_u A¨–e°rÙ$ qæ$ep :-S>__u_u A¨–e°rÙ$ qæ$ep :-S>__u_u A¨–e°rÙ$ qæ$ep :-S>__u_u A¨–e°rÙ$ qæ$ep :-S>__u_u A¨–e°rÙ$ qæ$ep :-

A°L$ kde° ApQpeÆ ıhı\ b°W$p l[p¨ –epf° ep°Nbm\u [°d_° ‚[u[

\ey¨ L°$ dp[p [°d_° ep]$ L$fu f¸p R>° A_° [°Ap° fp°NN∞ı[ bfiep R>°. i¨L$f°

rhg¨b L$epÆ hNf S>fidc|rd L°$fm [fa ‚epZ L$eyØ. S>N[_p¨ L$ÎepZ dpV°$

`p°[p_p¨ A°L$_p¨ A°L$ y”_° k¨fiepk_u A_ydr[ Ap`_pf A° dp[p_p¨ rhQpf°

i¨L$f_y¨ ˘]$e cfpB Aph[y¨ l[y¨. Nyfy_u ip°^dp¨ _uL$m°gp [° ıhe¨ Nfy

b_u_° Aphu f¸p l[p. Z _mZwfmV≤ l>Vaß oh oH$ßoÉV≤ 59 k¨fiepku `Z

dpZk[p° Mfp°S>_° ! dpZk_p° drldp ı\p‡ep° [° S> i¨L$f–h !

`p°[p_p¨ |hpÆÓd_p¨ dL$p_dp¨ ‚h°i L$ep£$. dp[p_° Ap °gp¨ hQ_dyS>b

Mf° V$pZ° lpS>f \B iºep_p° i¨L$f_° `|ZÆ k¨[p°j \ep°. dp[p kpd° Dcp

f¸p. [°dZ° ≈°ey¨ L°$ dp[p fp°N\u L$g°i `pdu Ak¸ ]y$:Mp° cp°Nhu f¸p

R>°. dp[©Óu_° Appk_ Ap`[p¨ i¨L$f° L$¸y¨ - "[d° dpfy¨ ıdfZ L$eyØ A°V$g°

lz¨ Aphu `lp¢√ep° Ry>¨.' dp[p []π$_ Aiº[ l[p `Z i¨L$f_p° rQf`qfrQ[

AhpS> L$p_° `X$[p¨ S> `y”hp–kÎe\u dp[©˘]$e DcfpB ApÏey¨. [°d_u

h°]$_p¨ Ap°R>u \B. ifufdp¨ A°L$]$d ıar[Æ Aphu. dp[pA° d¨]$ıhf° L$¸y¨ -

"l° `y”, dpfp ifuf_u Aphu sı\r[dp¨ d¢ [_° ≈°ep° A° dpfy¨ Alp°cp¡e

[¢ [pfy¨ hQ_ `pmu d_° k¨[p°j Ap‡ep° R>°. b°V$p, [y¨ Ly$im [p° R>° _°?'

i¨L$f° ‚–ey—f hm[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$ "l° dp[p, S>°_p° L$p°B L$pm° _pi _\u [°

l¨d°ip Ly$im S> R>°. lh° ip°L$_p° `qf–epN L$fu, dpfu Ap`_° dpV°$ iy¨ L$fhy¨

ep°¡e R>° [° L$lp°. d_° Apop Ap`p°.' dp[pA° L$¸y¨ - "l° h–k ! dpfp¨

Np”p° lh° rir\g \ep¨ R>° lz¨ lh° ∆hu iLy$ [°d _\u dpV°$ dpfy¨ L$ÎepZ

\pe A°hy¨ L$p¨B L$l° A_° dpfp ifuf `X$Èp `R>u dpfp ifuf_p° A–e°¨rÙ$

63

k¨ıL$pf_u Ïehı\p `Z L$fS>°'.

dp[p_p¨ Aphp hQ_p° kp¨cmu ApQpeÆ cNhp_° [°d_° r_NyÆZ

b∞˚ıhÍ$`_p° D`]°$i L$ep£. `f¨[y - "r_NyÆZ r_fpL$pf Ap b∞˚[“h dpfu

byqŸdp¨ sı\f \B iº[y¨ _\u dpV°$ d_° kNyZ b∞˚_p° D`]°$i L$f' A°hp

dp[p_p¨ hQ_ kp¨cmu ApQpe£ [°d_° kNyZ kpL$pf b∞ _p° D`]°$i Ap‡ep°.

A_° 14 cyS>¨Nh©r—\u rih_u ı[yr[ L$fu, [° rihcyS>¨N‚ep[ı[p°” rih_p¨

qL≠$L$fp°_y¨ ıhÍ$` dp[p_° cep_L$ gp¡ey¨ Ap\u, i¨L$fpQpeÆ° rhÛœ_y¨ ı[h_

L$eyØ. A_° [° ıhÍ$`dp¨ dp[p_° `p°[p_y¨ d_ sı\f L$fhp L$¸y¨. dp^h_y¨

›ep_ ^f[p¨ dp[pA° ]°$l–epN L$ep£. Alv dp[p_u A¨r[d B√R>p L©$ÛZpÙ$L$

Í$`° Adf b_u.

opr[_p dpZkp° A_° kNphlpgpAp°_p¨ rhfp°^ h√Q° i¨L$f° dp[p_°

Ap`°gy¨ hQ_ `pmu b[pÏey¨ A_° k¨fiepku lp°hp R>[p¨ dp[p_p¨ A¨–e°rÙ$

k¨ıL$pf `Z L$epÆ. opr[S>_p°_u `fhp L$epÆ rh_p ≈[°S> Ar¡_d¨\_ L$fu

dp[p_u ]$plqæ$ep L$fhp i¨L$fpQpeÆ° Of_p hpX$pdp¨ S> L°$m_p¨ \qX$ep¨ _° k|L$p¨

`p¨]$X$p¨ c°Np¨ L$fu dp[p_p r_Û‚pZ ]°$l_° V|$L$X°$-V|$L$X°$ kmNphu ]$u^p°.

`p°[p_p L$l°hp[p gp°L$p°_u Aphu A¨^ A_° Ahmu Q°Ù$p\u i¨L$fpQpeÆ

blz _pMyi \ep. [°dZ° A° b∞p˚Zp°_° ip` Ap‡ep° L°$ "ApS>\u dX$]$p¨

[dpfp Of_p¨ Ap¨NZpdp¨ S> bpmhpdp¨ Aphi° kp•_p¨ Of S> ıdip_

b_i°, [d° h°]$\u brlÛL©$[ \ip° A_° L$p°B k¨fiepku [dpf° –ep¨ rcnp

N∞lZ _lv L$f°'. L$l°hpe R>° L°$ ApS>° `Z, ib_p° \p°X$p° A¨Nrh√R>°]$ L$fu

[°_° Of_p¨ Ap¨NZpdp¨ bpmu_° ib_° ıdip_° gB S>hp_u ‚\p A°

b∞p˚Zp°dp¨ R>°. ""`pR>m\u rlfi]y$-^dÆ D`f A°d_p ∆h__u A°hu R>p`

64

`X$u L°$ L°$fgdp¨ _Áb|]$fu ≈r[_p b∞p˚Zp°dp¨ ib_° S>gphhp dpV°$ gB

≈e R>° –epf° d©[]°$l D`f ”Z S>¡epA° tk]|$f_u guV$u-f°MpAp° L$fu ]°$

R>°. i¨L$fpQpe£ `p°[p_u dp[p_p d©[]°$l_p ”Z Vy$L$X$p L$epÆ [°_p¨ ıdpfL$Í$`°

ApS>° –ep¨ ib D`f ”Z f°Mp M¢Qhp_u A°L$ rhr^ S> b_u NB !''60

Apd i¨L$fpQpeÆ rhfp° _u ApNdp¨ [· b_u æ$p¨r[_p¨ L¨$y]$_ b_u blpf

ApÏep. kdpS>ky^pfZp dpV°$ Ap L$]$pQ [°d_y¨ æ$p¨r[de L$]$d NZu iL$pe.

i¨L$f rhfpNu l[p, dd[plu_ l[p [°\u, Aphp ]y$:M]$ ‚k¨N° `Z [°dZ°

ip°L$ _ L$ep£. `f¨[y kp\° kp\° [°Ap° dp[©cº[ `Z l[p. S>° dp[pA°

[°d_p¨ ]°$l_° S>fid Ap‡ep° [° dp[p_p¨ D`L$pf c|gu iL$pe _rl. S>__u_u

A¨–e°rÙ$ qæ$ep kde° A°L$ ky¨]$f Ôgp°L61 fQu [°dZ° _uQ°_p¨ D]π$Npfp° L$pY$Èp¨:

"l° dp[p, ‚k|r[ kde_u Ak¸ i|m-h°]$_p_° lz¨ bpSy> `f d|L|¨$,

S>fiÁep `R>u A°L$ A°L$ k¨h–kf `eÆfi[ dmhpmu iËep cp°Nhu_° [¢ [pfy¨

ifuf k|ºhu _pøey¨ [° hp[ `Z ApOu L$fy¨, `f¨[y [¢ S>fid `l°gp¨ dpfp¨ Ap

ı\|m ]°$l_p° cpf hl_ L$fu S>° L$Ù$ h°W$Èy¨ A°V$gp¨ A°L$ S> [pfp Ap D`L$pf_p°

b]$gp° hpmhp lz¨ b∞˚rh]π$ \ep° R>[p¨ kd\Æ _\u - [° dp[p_° Ar¡_k¨ıL$pf

‚k¨N° _dıL$pf lp°.'

Óy[^f ApQpeÆ_y¨ ky^fihp rdg_ :-Óy[^f ApQpeÆ_y¨ ky^fihp rdg_ :-Óy[^f ApQpeÆ_y¨ ky^fihp rdg_ :-Óy[^f ApQpeÆ_y¨ ky^fihp rdg_ :-Óy[^f ApQpeÆ_y¨ ky^fihp rdg_ :-

gwIXwïImoX‡Xß `ÀH$_© VÀ‡ma„Yß ^mJZ ZÔ>ß ^doV $&

‡ma„YH$_©Um ^mJmXd j` BoV $&&62 ([“hbp°^)

kyM:]y$Mpq]$ Ap`_pfy¨ S>° L$dÆ [° ‚pfÂ^-S>°Z° `p°[p_y¨ am Ap`hp_y¨

L$pd Apf¨Êey¨ R>° [° L$dÆcp°N hX°$ _pi `pd° R>°. ‚pfÂ^ L$dp£_p° cp°N\u S>

ne \pe R>°.

L°$fm ‚]°$i_p¨ fp≈ fpS>i°Mf_p¨ ipk_dp¨ Q¨÷dp•rgf_u ı\p`_p

65

\B l[u. –ep¨ |S>_-AQÆ_ dpV°$ ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ ]$p]$p rh¤pr^L$pfu_u hfZu

\B l[u. L$ZpÆV$L$, ]°$i_p¨ fp≈ ky^fihp ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fhp dpV°$

Aphu `lp¢√ep l[p. S>° fp≈ ^dÆ`fpeZ A_° rh‹p_p°_p¨ Ap]$fkÁdp_

L$f_pf Apsı[L$ cº[S>_ l[p. S>fidc|rddp¨ `^pf°gp ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ ]$iÆ_

L$fhp fp≈ ≈[° –ep¨ Aphu `lp¢√ep. [°Z° ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ blzdp_ L$epÆ

A_° [°d_p¨ opq[S>_p°_° kd≈hu [°d_p¨ d__p¨ kdp^p_ L$fu Ap‡ep¨.

ApQpeÆÓu_u riÛed¨X$mu `Z –ep¨ Aphu `lp¢Qu. `⁄`p]$pQpeÆ S>° A°L$gp¨

[u\Æep”p L$fhp Nep l[p, [° `Z –ep¨ Aphu `lp¢√ep. Óuf¨Nd n°”dp¨

[°d_p dpdp r_hpk L$f[p l[p, S>° ‚Mf dudp¨kL$ ‚cpL$f_p¨ riÛe

\ep. kfm ˘]$e cpZ°S>° ip¨L$fcpÛe `f `p°[° fQ°g hpr[ÆL$_p¨ L°$V$gpL$

‚k¨Np° S>Zphu dpdp_p° Arc‚pe dp¨¡ep°. [° hpr[ÆL$dp¨ [p° Ac°]$op_ _p°

drldp A_° L$dÆW$ dpNÆ_p¨ M¨X$_ l[p. [° kp¨cmu dpdp [p° rhQpfdp¨

`X$u Nep. [°dZ° [° rhi° L$p°B Arc‚pe Ap‡ep° _lv. Ap N∞¨\ –ep¨ S>

fl°hp ]$B Óu `⁄`p]$pQpeÆ ep”pA° Nep l[p [° ]$frdep_ dpdpA° A°

N∞\_p° _pi L$fhp `p°[p_p ch__° ApN gNpX$u, S>°dp¨ N∞\ `Z cıduc|[

\B Nep°. `⁄`p]$pQpeÆ Ap kp¨cmu M|b S> r_fpi \ep A_° cNhp_

Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fu d_p°Ïe\p fS|> L$fu. [°d_° Appk_ Ap`[p¨

ApQpeÆÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ - ""ip°L$ L$fhp_u S>Í$f _\u Ap `l°gp [d° d_°

[° rhi°_p¨ rhh°Q_ kd≈Ïep¨ l[p, [° d_° ep]$ R>° dpV°$ [d° [° gMu

gp°''. A°d S>Zphu [°dZ° hpr[ÆL$_p¨ `p¨Q `p]$ k¨cmpÏep S>° [°dZ° gMu

]$u^p. [°d_u Ap Óy[^f d°Opisº[ ≈°B b^p_° M|b S> ApÚeÆ \ey¨.

A°S> fu[° fpS>i°Mf° `Z bpm`Zdp¨ ApQpeÆÓu_° ”Z _pV$L$p° k¨cmpÏep¨

66

l[p, [° _pV$L$p° `Z bmu Nep l[p¨ [°\u fp≈_° M|bS> r_fpip \B

l[u, [°_° `Z ”Z _pV$L$p° k¨cmphu gMphu ]$u^p.

fp≈ ky^fihp_u fpS>^p_udp¨ L$p`prgL$ k¨‚]$pe_y¨ Oœ¨ hQÆıh l[y¨.

[°d_p° dl¨[ Ly$L$Q l[p°, S>° A°L$ ce¨L$f _fq`ipQ [fuL°$ ≈Zu[p° l[p°.

[°_u `pk° dpfZ, D√QpV$_ S>°hu OZu AprcQpqfL$ rkqŸAp° l[u. [°_p

DN∞ ıhcph\u `¨qX$[p° `Z X$f[p l[p. ApQpeÆÓu_° Aph°gp kp¨cmu, [°

æ$p°^_p Aph°idp¨ Aphu Nep°. ApQpeÆÓu_u `pk° Aphu, [° dp°V$p AhpS>°

`|R>hp gp¡ep°;""[pf° [p° c•fh_u D`pk_p L$fhu ≈°BA°, [°_° b]$g°

A‹•[d[_p° ‚Qpf L$f° R>°, [°\u iy¨ gpc \hp_p° R>°'' ? fp≈ ky^fihp_°

`l°g°\u S> [° Apæ$dZ_u Mbf l[u. [°Z° `p°[p_p k•r_L$p°_° Ry>`phu

fpøep l[p. [°dZ° A°L$kpdV$p° ^kpfp° L$fu, L$p`prgL$p°_p Apæ$dZ_° fp°L$u

gu^y¨ A_° [°d_p _°[p Ly$L$Q_° `L$X$u S>°g c°Np° L$fu ]$u^p°. bu≈ L$p`prgL$p°

–ep¨\u _pku Nep. fp≈ ky fihpA° `p°[p_p fpƒedp¨ A‹•[d[_u ı\p`_p

L$fu.

Apd ApQpeÆ q]$s¡hS>e L$f[p¨ L$f[p¨ bp•ŸS>•_, hN°f° d[_p¨ rh‹p_p°_°

`fp∆[ L$fu ‹pfL$pdp¨ `^pepÆ. –ep¨\u L$pdÍ$` Apkpd ]°$idp¨ ApÏep.

Alv Arc_hNy·_pd_p¨ ipº[d[_p¨ ‚Mf `¨qX$[° ]y$Ù$byqŸ\u ‚°fpB_°

ArcQpfL$d¨” ‚ep°N hX°$ ApQpeÆ_° h•¤p°\u `Z _ dV$pX$u iL$pe [°hp°

cN¨]$f_p° fp°N D–`fl L$ep£. riÛep°A° ApQpeÆ_° fp°N_p° D`Qpf L$fhp

rh_¨[u L$fu `Z ApQpeÆ_° ifuf `f Apkrº[ _ l[u. [°\u [°dZ° Ap•jr^

g°hp_u _p `pX$u `f¨[y riÛep°_p¨ ApN∞l_° hi \B Ap•j^p°`Qpf dpV°$

[•epf \ep. ›ep_ı\ \B [°Ap°A° Ar_uLy$dpf_y¨ Aphpl_ L$eyØ.

67

b∞p˚ZıhÍ$`° As_uLy$dpf° Aphu fp°N_y¨ ıhÍ$` `pfMu L$¸y¨ L°$ - "Ap

fp°N d¨”‚ep°N\u \e°gp° R>°, dpV°$ A°_y¨ Ap•jr^Ap°\u id_ \B iL$i°

_rl.' Ap hp[ kp¨cmu d¨” ip˜dp¨ Ly$im A°hp `⁄`p]°$ ApQpeÆÓu_°

‚p\_p L$fu _° Ïepr^_p¨ r_hpfZ dpV°$ d¨”_p° ‚ep°N iÍ$ L$ep£. Ap ‚ep°N\u

ApQpeÆÓu fp°Ndyº[ bfiep A_° Arc_h Ny·_p¨ ifufdp¨ Ap fp°N ‚h°i[p¨

[° d©–ey `pÁep°.

dW$p°_u Ïehı\p A_° khÆo`uW$ :-dW$p°_u Ïehı\p A_° khÆo`uW$ :-dW$p°_u Ïehı\p A_° khÆo`uW$ :-dW$p°_u Ïehı\p A_° khÆo`uW$ :-dW$p°_u Ïehı\p A_° khÆo`uW$ :-

Nyfy `f¨`fp\u A‹•[ D`]°$i_p° ‚hpl AM¨qX$[ fl° A° l°[y\u i¨L$f°

Qpf°e q]$ipdp¨ Qpf dW$p° ı\p‡ep. S>°dp¨ `rÚd° ‹pfL$p - ‹pfph[u S>°

dp°n`yfu63 `Z L$l°hpe R>°. –ep¨ ipf]$pdW$ ı\p‡ep°, S>° L$prgL$p`uW$ `Z

L$l°hpe R>°. `|hÆ q]$ipdp¨ S>Nflp\`yfu_p¨ ‚rkŸ [u\Æ° Np°h^Æ_dW$ _u

ı\p`_p L$fu. ]$rnZdp¨ i©¨N°fudW$_u fpd°fn°”° ı\p`_p L$fu. D—f°

b]$qf_p\ n°”dp¨ ƒep°r[ÆdW$_u ı\p`_p L$fu A_° –ep¨ `p°[p_p¨ riÛep°_°

ApQpeÆ [fuL°$ r_eyº[ L$epÆ$. ]°$i_u ]$f°L$ q]$ipdp¨ rh¤p_p° ‚kpf L$fhp°.

Afie riÛep° A° Ap Qpf°e_° dp_ Ap`hy¨. Ap ‚dpZ° `p°[p_p riÛe

kd|l_° A°L$W$p¨ L$fu Apop Ap`u l[u. "dW$pÁ_pe' _pd_p¨ A°L$ N∞¨\dp¨

ApQpe£ dW$p°_u Ïehı\p rhj° gøey¨ R>°.

L$pÌduf ‚]°$i\u Aph°gp L°$V$gpL$ cº[S>_p°A° [°d_° L$pÌduf n°”_p°

drldp L$lu k¨cmpÏep° A_° –ep¨ cNh[u ipf]$p_p d¨q]$fdp¨ Aph°g

khÆo`uW$ rhi° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$: "A° `uW$_° Qpf q]$ipAp°A° Qpf ]$fhp≈ R>°.

S>°dp¨_p¨ `|hÆ, `rÚd A_° D—f_p¨ ‹pf M|gu Nep¨ R>°, `f¨[y ]$rnZ

q]$ip_p¨ ‹pf M|Îep¨ _\u. [p° Ap` `^pfp°'. buS>° q]$hk° [° ı\p_°

68

rbfpS>[p¨ ipf]$p kfıh[u_u ı[yr[ L$fu A_° ]$rnZ ‹pf [fa S>hp ‚epZ

L$eyØ. [°d_p ApNd__u kp\° S> [° ]$rnZ ‹pf M|gu Ney. –ep¨ S>° khÆo`uW$

Aph°gy¨ l[y¨ [°_u `f cNhp_ Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ rbfpS>dp_ \ep. L$pÌduf_p¨

cprhL$ cº[S>_p°A° [°d_p¨ |S>_-AQÆ_ L$epÆ. ipf]$pd¨q]$f_p khÆo`uW$dp¨

DÿOpV$_ \[p¨ S> A‹•[ h°]$pfi[ op__u ‚r[õ$p \B.

L$pÌduf ‚]°$i_u ep”p `|fu L$fu, riÛed¨X$mu kp\° ApQpeÆÓu lf‹pf

A_° ]°$h‚epN_p dpN£ L°$]$pf_p\ Aphu `lp¢√ep. –ep¨ ‚NV$ \e°g ıhe¨c|

ƒep°r[rgØN_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fu, ApQpeÆÓu b]$qfL$pÓd `pk° Aphu `lp¢√ep.

\p°X$p q]$hk –ep¨ r_hpk L$ep£; A° b]$fun°”dp¨ rkŸ `yfyj_p¨ Í$`° Nyfy`p]$

Np°th]$pQpeÆ rbfpS>[p l[p; [° S> fu[° `fdNyfy Óu Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ `Z

rbfpS>[p l[p. [°d_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fu, A‹•[d[_u ı\p`_p L$fhp_p L$peÆ

dpV°$ [°dZ° iycprij `pW$Ïep¨ A_° Ap]°$i Ap‡ep° L°$, A‹•[ op__p¨

‚Qpfdp¨ ]•$hu L©$`p d°mhu g°hu ≈°BA° A_° [°\u L•$gpk riMf `f hk[p

L•$gpk`r[ i¨L$f cNhp_ A_° cNh[u Ddp dpl°fu_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fhp

S>ZpÏey¨. [° b¨fl° rkŸ `yfyjp°_p¨ ep°N‚cph\u cNhp_ Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ

L•$gpk_u ep”p dpV°$ Qpgu _uL$˛ep A_° \p°X$p S> kdedp¨ dp_kfp°hf

`lp¢Qu –ep¨ ı_p_ L$fu, L•$gpk_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$epÆ. kpnp[π L•$gpk`r[ k]$prih

i¨L$f° [°d_° ]$iÆ_ Ap‡ep¨ A_° A‹•[ ]$iÆ__u ‚r[õ$p dpV°$ ]•$hu klpe_p

Í$`° `p¨Q Q¨÷dp•guf _pd_p¨ ıaqV$L$_p¨ tgNp° [°d_° Ap‡ep¨. L•$gpk `hÆ[

`f rigpg°M_p Í$`° V¨$L$pe°gy¨ l[y¨ [° ı[p°” ApQpeÆÓu_° ‚p· \ey¨, S>°

kp¶]$eÆglfu ı[p°” ‚rkŸ R>°.64

69

A¨r[d D`]°$i :-A¨r[d D`]°$i :-A¨r[d D`]°$i :-A¨r[d D`]°$i :-A¨r[d D`]°$i :-

AdVmnaVm ^wdm ^ma BoV _Z@deofVï $&&

am_ï g_w–dbm`mß `mJ_mÒWm` [m°Èf_≤ $&&

VÀ`mO bmHß$ _mZwÓ`ß gß`m¡`mÀ_mZ_mÀ_oZ $&&

(Óud]π$ cpNh[, ıL¨$^ 11, Ôgp°L$ 25,)

khÆo `uW$ D`f rhfpƒep `R>u L$prÌdf_p¨ khÆ `¨qX$[p°A°, S>° riÛep°

[°d_u kp\° l[p [°Ap°A° A_° ky^fihp fp≈A° ApQpeÆÓu_y¨ rhr^`|hÆL$

`|S>_ L$eyØ. ky^fihp fp≈A° ApQpe£ `p°[p_p¨ ∆h__p¨ AÎ`L$pmdp¨ L$f°gp¨

dlp_ L$pep£ lpS>f fl°gp kcpk]$p°_° k¨n°`dp¨ L$lu k¨cmpÏep¨.

A° kde° i¨L$fpQpe£ khÆ_° A°L$W$p¨ \e°gp¨ ≈°B_° L$¸y¨ : "l° riÛep°!

Ap ı\|m ifuf ^pfZ L$fhp_y¨ Ap khÆL$peÆ ApS>° lh° kdp· \ey¨ R>°. lh°

[d° kp• L•$hÎe d°mhhp, dydynyAp°_° op_p° ]°$i Ap`hp A_° ^dÆ_p° ‚Qpf

L$fhp ‚e–_iug fl°≈°.'

l° dydynyAp° ! h°]$p¨[ rkŸp¨[\u rcfi_ S>° S>° d[p° R>° [° khÆ `|hÆ`n

Í$` R>°, A_° h°]$p¨[ A° rkŸp¨[ Í$` R>° [° khÆ]$p ıdfZdp¨ fpM≈°. h°]$p¨[_p°

rkŸp¨[ d¢ [d_° cpÛe‹pfp A_° Ïepøep_ ‹pfp blzhpf ı`Ù$ kd≈Ïep°

R>°. [d° kp• k¨`u_° fl°≈° A_° D`]°$i°gp¨ `fd rl[L$f hQ_p°_y¨ Ap]$f`|hÆL$

k[[ A_yõ$p_ L$f[p¨ fl°≈°. ]$p°jp°_° hi _ \ip°. Ap–dp b∞˚ıhÍ$` R>°

[° A°L$[pÆ Acp°º[p, Ak¨N, khÆ^dÆfrl[, k|ˇd[d A_° ks√Q]$p_¨]$

Í$` R>°. Ap Ap–dp_y¨ e\p\Æop_ kd\Æ k]π$Nyfy_p¨ D`]°$i\u rhh°L$pq]$

kp^_k¨`fl `yfyj_° \pe R>°. A° op__u ◊Y$[p dpV°$ rS>opkyA° h°]$p¨[_p¨

ÓhZ d___° r_q]$›epk_ L$fhp¨. rQ—_u Q¨Qm[p b∞˚op_ hX°$ ]|$f \pe

70

R>°. rhjep_¨]$\u b∞˚p_¨]$ A_°L$ NZp° Ó°õ$ R>° [° L$q]$`Z c|gip° _rl.

p_pq]$_° kygc A°hp rhjekyMdp¨ rhh°L$u ‚ur[ L$f[p¨ _\u. Brfi÷ep°_°

[\p A¨[: L$fZ_° brldyÆM L$fu rhjep°_u kp\° ≈°X$hp\u \[p° ny÷ Ap_¨]$

∆h_° b¨^_L$[pÆ R>°. Brfi÷ep° A_° A¨[:L$fZ _° A¨[dyÆM L$fu ‚p· \[p°

`fdp_¨]$ dp°n]$peu R>°. iÂ]$pq]$ rhjep° [y√R> A_° b¨^_L$[pÆ R>° [° c|gip°

_rl [dpfp¨ A¨[:L$fZ_° fpN‹°j hpmy \hp ]°$ip° _rl, lpX$Qpddp¨, kp°_p

Í$`p_p¨ L$V$L$pdp¨, L° ºep¨e blpf kyM ip°^hp_y¨ _\u. `f¨[y ıhıhÍ$` dp¨

S> r_fy`pr^ _° r_fhr^ kyM ip°^hp_y¨ R>° A° ›ep_ fpMip°. D`]°$i°gp

`fd rl[L$f A\Æ_y¨ Ap]$f`|hÆL$ k[[ A_yõ$p_ L$f[p¨ fl°≈°. k¨ie,

rh`eÆe A_° ‚dp]pq]$ ]$p°jp°_° hi _ \ip°''.*

L•$gpkNd_ :-L•$gpkNd_ :-L•$gpkNd_ :-L•$gpkNd_ :-L•$gpkNd_ :-

Ap ‚dpZ° riÛep°_° D`]°$i Ap`u. ApQpeÆ F>Ûei©¨N ApÓddp¨

ApÏep. –ep¨ L°$V$gp¨L$ riÛep°_° fpMu [\p L°$V$gpL$_° kp\° gB [°Ap°

b]$qfL$pÓddp¨ ApÏep. –ep¨ `p[¨S>g d[hpmpAp°_° ∆[u [°d_° A‹•[

rkŸp¨[_p° D`]°$i L$ep£. [°d_y ApeyÛe |ZÆ \hp ApÏey l[y. b]$qfL$pÓddp¨

_f_pfpeZ_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fu [°Ap° L°$]$pf°fdp¨ ApÏep Ar[ie W¨$X$u `X$[u

lp°hp_° gu^° "Alv DÛZS>m _p° Ly¨$X$ lp°e [p° W$uL$' A°d rhQpfu [°Ap°A°

L°$]$pf°f_u ‚p\Æ_p L$fu. L°$]$pf°f° ‚kfl \B D_p `pZu_p° Tfp° ‚L$V$ L$ep£.

A° Tfp° ApS>°e "[·[p°ep' _pd\u ‚rkŸ R>°.

L°]$pf_p\dp¨ AÎ`kde r_hpk L$fu [° ‚]°$idp¨ fl°_pfp gp°L$p°_° A¨r[d

kdedp¨ `Z D`ÿ°ipd©[_p° gpc Ap`hp_y Q|ºep _tl. `p°[p_y ∆h_L$peÆ

`|ZÆ \e°gy¨ lp°hp\u ApQpeÆÓu L•$gpk `^pepÆ. A_° b”uk hjÆ_u AÎ`

71

Apeydp¨ B.k.820 dp¨ dlpkdpr^ gB A°d_p° nf]°$l [p° _f l[p°

A_° [° _pi `pÁep°. `f¨[y [°d_p° Anf ]°$l (kprl–e_u L©$r[Ap°) rQf¨∆h

fl°i°. L$pfZ L°$ [°dp¨ k_p[_ k–e_u kyhpk R>°. Anf gp°L$dp¨\u q]$Ïedp¨

gu_ \ep_u OV$_p_y¨ hZÆ_ Aphy¨ R>°.

B›–m[›–‡YmZ°oÒÃXe[nad•T>°ï ÒVy`_mZï ‡gyZ° -

oX©Ï`°a‰`¿`©_mZï gaogÈh^wdmXŒmhÒVmdbß]ï $&

AmȯmjmU_Â`ß ‡H$oQ>V gwOQ>>mOyQ>Mß–mdVßg ï

l• ]›ZmbmH$e„Xß g_woXV_•ofo^Ym©_Z°Oß ‡VÒW $&&

* ApQpeÆÓu_p r_hpÆZ ı\m rhj° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_p r_hpÆZ ı\m rhj° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_p r_hpÆZ ı\m rhj° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_p r_hpÆZ ı\m rhj° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_p r_hpÆZ ı\m rhj° :-

Óu Ap_¨]$rNqf_p¨ d[dyS>b i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨ A¨r[d q]$hkp° [°dZ°

L$p¨Qudp¨ rh[pÏep bp]$ –ep¨ S> [°dZ° ]°$l–epN L$ep£. Ap_¨]$rNqf frQ[

"i¨L$frhS>e', "rihflıe', "`p[p¨S>rgQqf[' A_° "i¨L$fAÊey]$e' dp¨

`Z i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ L$p¨Qudp¨ r_hpÆZ `pÁep_p¨ Dâ°M R>°65

≈° L°$ Ap D`fp¨[ L°$V$gpL$ rh‹p_p° i¨L$f_p¨ A¨r[d kde_° A_° r_hpÆZ

ı\m_° L$p¨Qu_° b]$g° Afie ı\m° ]$ipÆh° R>°66. S>°d L°$ (1) "dp^hue

i¨L$f rhS>e' ‚dpZ° ∆h__p¨ A¨[L$pm° i¨L$f b]$fu A_° L°$]$pf_p¨ n°”dp¨

Nep A_° `R>u L•$gpk Nep. (2) qQ]π$rhgpkue i¨L$frhS>e ‚dpZ° i¨L$f

b]$qfL$pÓd_u ]$—p”°e Nyapdp¨ r_hpÆZ `pÁep. (3) Nyfy hpdkL$pÏe L°$

S>° Óu_Nfu Nyfy`f¨`fp D`f Ap^pqf[ R>°, [° dyS>b, i¨L$f ∆h__p¨

A¨[L$pm° _°`pmdp¨ rkŸ°f\u ]$—p”°e ApÓddp¨ Nep, –ep¨ [°dZ° ]¨$X$

A_° L$d¨X$g_p° –epN L$ep£ A_° R>°â° dfpW$phpX$dp¨ dlzfu`yfudp¨ ]$—p”°e

ApÓddp¨ ]$—p”°e kp\° hp[pÆgp` L$fhpdp¨ fp°L$pep. (4) Np°th]$_p\_p¨

72

L°$fpgue i¨L$f rhS>edp¨ r”Qyf_p¨ d¨q]$fdp¨\u i¨L$f k|eÆd¨X$mdp¨ Nep. (5)

lpgdp¨ Óur_hpk Apge_u i¨L$f_p¨ ∆h_ rhj°_u `¤L©$r[dp¨ S>ZpÏep

dyS>b i¨L$f R>°â° L$pÌdufdp¨ f¸p l[p.

Apd ‚pQu_ eyN_u [hpfuMp° kQp°V$ A_° hS|>]$`|ZÆ S>Zp[u _

lp°hp\u rhrh^ d[d[p¨[fp° - rhhp]$p° S>fid°gp ≈°hp dm° R>°. Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ

rhjeL$ rh`yg kprl–e A_° kpdN∞u ‚p‡e lp°hp R>[p¨ AÊepk rhQpf L°$

rhh°Q__p¨ Acph° L°$V$gpL$ k¨iep° ‚h[£gp ≈°hp dm° R>°. S>°_p gu^°

A•q[lprkL$ ÿrÙ$A° Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨ ∆h_ rhj° L°$ [°d_p kde rhj°

‚dpZ`yf: kf hS|>]$`|ZÆ Ïehsı\[ lL$uL$[p° ‚p‡e \[u _\u A°hp° `Z

`pÚp–e rh‹p_p°_p° Apn°` R>°.

[°dZ° `p°[p_u ∆h_gugp L°$]$pf-L•$gpk_p n°”° k¨L°$gu gu^u L°$ `R>u

]$rnZ-[prdg_pXy$_p L$p¨Qun°”dp¨ k¨L°$gu ∆h_ƒep°r[ AM¨X$ fpMu;[°

rhi° cg° r_ZÆe _ \pe, `f¨[y [°d_p V|¨$L$p ∆h_L$pmdp¨ S>° A_°L$ ‚L$pf_p¨

L$pep£_u ıd©r[ d|º[p Nep R>° [°_u _p¢ g°[p¨ kf fp^pL©$ÛZ_ [°d_p BrfiX$e_

qagk|au -Indian Philosophy _u c|rdL$pdp¨ S>Zph° R>°.

"rh_p¨ ‚]°$ip° `f Óu i¨L$f_p¨ ∆h_Qqf”° Aÿcy[ ‚cph S>dpÏep°

R>°. [° rhc|r[ A°L$ qagk|a - [“hop_u A_° L$rh_p Í$`dp¨, A°L$ ‚cphL$

Ïesº[ A_° k¨[_p Í$`dp¨, A°L$ ep°Nu A_° ^dÆky^pfL$_p¨ Í$`dp¨ ≈°hp_°

dm° R>°. [° A°W$gu [p° rhrh^ R>p` Ecu L$f° R>° L°$ S>°\u [°d_p¨ ∆h__p¨

Ahgp°L$_ L$f_pfp rhh°QL$p° [°d_° A_°L$ Í$`° Sy>A° R>°. A°L$ ◊rÙ$A° [° A°hp°

A°L$ eyhL$ R>°, S>° byqŸ_p¨ ‚cph° Ar¡__u ƒep°[_u S>°d op__p° ‚L$pi

^f° R>°; bu≈_u ◊rÙ$A° [° A°L$ N¨cuf ip˜u R>°, S>° hp]$rhhp]$ S>NpX$u

73

rhS>eu b_° R>°. ”u≈_u ◊rÙ$A° [° A°L$ rhQnZ fpS>`yfyj R>°, S>° kdı[

‚≈∆h_ `f A°L$p–dcph_u k¨Oisº[_u ‚r[õ$p L$f° R>°. Apd A°L$

rhÏep`L$ rhc|r[ Í$`° [°_y¨ Ïesº[–h ≈°hpdp¨ Aph°, [p° [°d_p S>°hp

dlpdp_k ^fph_pf cp¡e°S> ≈°hp dm°67.

74

* kde :-* kde :-* kde :-* kde :-* kde :-

cpf[ue k¨ıL©$r[ A_° Br[lpkdp¨ b_° R>° [°d68 i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° S>fid-

kde `Z _Ω$u L$fhp° dyÌL°$g R>°. Óud]π$i¨L$fpQpeÆ rhj°_u rhN[hpf

dprl[u Ap`Z_° [°dZ° L$f°gp r]$s¡hS>ep° k¨Ábfi^u `yı[L$p° `f\u ‚p·

\B iL°$. Aphp L°$V$gpL$$ `yı[L$p° - (1) _mYdmMm`©H•$V- "lreßH$aoXpΩdO`'

(2) AmZ›XoJnaH•$V - "lreßH$aoXpΩdO`' (3) oMX≤odbmg H•$V -

"lreßâH$aoXpΩdO`' (4) gXmZ›X H•$V - "lreßH$a oXpΩdO`' A_° [a_úaZmW

o_l H•$V Ao_Q>H$mb aIm $!

"i¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e'dp¨ _p¢^°gu lL$uL$[_° A°d_p ∆h__u ı\|mf°Mp Í$`°

Ap`Z° ıhuL$pfu iL$uA°.

- B.k. |h£ R>Ã$u k]$u\u gB B.k. `R>u_u 9duk]$u ky u dp¨ L$p°B`Z

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L$l°hy¨ L$qW$_ R>°.

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- ‹pfL$p, `yfu A_° L$piudp¨_p i¨L$fpQpeÆdW$p°, i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ S>fid-

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`yfpZp° r_]£$i L$f° R>° L°$ ApQpeÆ_p° ‚p]y$cpÆh B.k.`|.‚\d ]$fÁep_ \ep°

l[p°.

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75

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- i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ‚pNV$È rhj° d[p°dp¨ Óu `y.ri.cÀ$ NhpX$L$f73

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_p¨ d[° `Z i¨L$f B.k. 788 dp¨ S>fiÁep A_° B.k. 820 dp¨ d©–ey

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Ap`° R>°.

76

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`p°[p_u Ap°mMpZ Ap`_pf rihkp°d_p° DÎg°M R>°. rihkp°d Bfi÷hdpÆ_p°

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(2) kp•fi]$eÆ clfu_p¨ 75 dp¨ Ôgp°L$dp¨ "÷prhX$ riiy' _p° DÎg°M R>°. Ap

DÎg°M kp[du k]$udp¨ \e°gp "[yfyop_ k¨b¨^' rhi° R>° A°d dp_° R>°.

(3) i¨L$frhS>edp¨ `|hÆdudp¨kp_u cpÀ$ ipMp_p¨ ı\p`L$ Ly$dpqfg cÀ$

kp\°_u i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u dygpL$p[ ≈°[p A°.bu. L$u\_p¨ d[° Ly$dpqfgcÀ$_u

kpg B.k. 700 \u hl°gu _\u. Ap\u `Z i¨L$f 788-820 dp¨ \B

Nep li° A°d A_ydp_ \pe R>°.

- Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ kdL$pgu_ Ly$dpqfg cÀ$ l[p76. S>•_p°_p

rS>_rhS>e - eyq^rõ$f k¨h[ (S>•_p°_p¨ r_ed dyS>b) B.k. `|h£ 557

hjÆ A° Ly$dpqfg cÀ$_u S>fidr[r\ \B. Ly$dpqfg cÀ$ Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u

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cÀ$_° d˛ep [° (15 hjÆ_u Jdf° A\pÆ[π) B.k.`|.494 dp¨ ‚epNdp¨

d˛ep77.

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L$rghjÆ ‚dpZ° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° S>fid kde B.k.`|h£ 509 NZpe79.

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77

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4.21 dp¨ i¨L$f_y¨ S>fidhjÆ B.k.`|.509 R>°81.

- ‹pfL$p ipf]$p`uW$ _p¨ 73 dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ ıhpdu Óu fpS>fpS>°f

i¨L$fpÓd frQ[ "od_e©' `yı[L$dp¨ `©. 25. `f Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° S>fid

eyq^rõ$f k¨h[ 2631 A_° ıhNpÆfp°lZ 2663 dp¨ \ey. A°V$g° L°$ AprhcpÆh

L$pg B.k. `|h£ 507 A_° L•$gpk Nd_ B.k. 475 lp°B iL°$.

Ap N∞fi\dp¨ ("Vm_´ emgZß gwY›dZï gmd©^m°_Ò`') Ap

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ew∑b [mƒMÂ`m_≤ lr_¿N>âamdVmaï A_° [°_p¨ 27 dp¨ `©õ$ D`f [°d_p¨

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- ıL$fi]$`yfpZdp¨ A°L$ Ôgp°L$ R>°.-

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- r]$¡NS> rh‹p_ Óu ‚cy]$—∆ b∞˚Qpfu ApQpeÆÓu_p° S>fid ApS>\u

2500 hjÆ b[ph° R>°. B.k. `|h£ 509 R>°.

- ‚p°. V°$Bg°-1877 dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ S>fidhjÆ [fuL°$ B.k. 788 _p°

r_]£$i L$f°gp° R>°84.

78

- b°gNpd_p¨ Óu Np°th]$cÀ$ e°g°L$f [°d_u lı[‚[dp¨ i¨L$f_y¨ S>fid

hjÆ L$rgeyN_y¨ rhchhjÆ 3889 R>° A_° [°d_p¨ Ahkp__y¨ hjÆ L$rgeyN_y¨

3921 - h•ipM `|rZÆdp¨ R>°85.

- "L°$fgp°–`r[' dp¨\u - L¨$qX$L$p [pfh[p [°g¨N L$l° R>° L°$ - B.k. 400

_° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ hjÆ [fuL°$ [°dp¨ r_Í$`hpdp¨ Aphu R>° kp\° ^u-BrfiX$e_

A°fiV$uLπ$hfu _pd_p - N∞¨\-7 _p¨ `©.282 `f S>° L¨$qX$L$p Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu

R>° [°dp¨ i¨L$f_u Ahkp_ kde_u he 38 hjÆ_u b[phhpdp¨ Aphu R>°86.

"L°$fgp°–`r—' dp¨\u X$bÎey. gp°N_° [pfh°gp [pfZ dyS>b B.k. _p¨

_hdp¨ i[L$_y¨ ‚\dQfZ NZu iL$pe. cp¨X$pfL$f A_° L°$.bu.`pW$L$_p¨

‚dpZ d[ kp\° [°_p° d°m Mpe R>°87.

- X$pµ. Ap°L$__p¨ d[p_ykpf Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° S>fid B.k. `|h£ 509

A_° khpÆNpfp°lZ kde B.k.`|h£-477 R>°88.

- S>e`yf r_hpku Óu rh_p\ fp. idpÆ ‹pfL$p ipf]$pdW$_p¨ [pd∞`”

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ipf]$p`uW$ ‚\d i[pÂ]$u_u R>°89.

- bq÷_p\ cNhp__p¨ Arcj°L$ kde° \[u ^dpÆr^L$pfu `f¨`fp_u

D]π$Op°jZpdp¨ bq÷_p\_u d|r[Æ_p° D‹pf i¨L$fpQpeÆ ‹pfp \ep° l[p°. [°

OV$_p, r[r\-kde ApS>\u 2500 hjÆ_p¨ R>°.

- b∞ k|”_p¨ rhh°QL$rh‹p_ ¨qX$[ R>p°V$pgpg Q¨÷i°Mf ip˜u ApQpeÆÓu_p°

AprhcpÆh eyr^rõ$f k¨h[ 2631 A°V$g° L°$ B$.k.`|h£ 509 S>Zph° R>°90.

- dlrjÆ ]$ep_¨]$ kfıh[u i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° kde bphukkp° D`f_p°

(2500 hjÆ_p°) NZph° R>°91.

- "AhpÆQu_ L$p°j' _pd_p¨ N∞fi\dp¨ Óu fOy_p\ Np°X$b°g°A° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p°

79

S>fid eyr^. k¨h¨[ 2158 A_° D—fpeZ eyr^. k¨. 2190 dp¨ rldpgedp¨

]°$l R>p°X$Èp°. Apd B.k.`|h£ 512 i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ S>fid dpV°$ NZu iL$pe92.

- L$pÌduf_p¨ fp≈ grg[pq]$–e_p¨kde° i¨L$fpQpe£ rh`nuAp°_p° `fpƒe

L$ep£ –epf° "fpS>[f¨rNZu' N∞¨\ gMpep°. [°dp¨ ApQpeÆ_p° S>fid B.k.`|h£

S>Zph° R>°93.

- rh‹p_`¨qX$[ ıh. ƒhpgp‚kp]$ rdÓ AÔ>mXe [wamU Xe©Z dp¨

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° kde 2500 hjÆ_p° b[ph° R>°94.

- L$pgfudp¨ dp[p ApepÆÁbp_u kdpr^ `f AM¨X$ ]$u` S>g° R>° [°

ı\p_° Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° S>fid B.k. `|h£ 509 b[ph° R>°.

≈° L°$ Apd R>[p¨ `Z blzk¨øeL$ gp°L$p° i¨L$f_p° kde B.k.`|.788

\u B.k. `|. 820 _p° dp_° R>°.

- Óu drZi¨L$f ip˜u∆ i¨L$f_p° S>fid eyr^. k¨. 2631 _° h•.iy]$

`p¨Qd gM° R>°95.

- _p¨]$p°]$ r_hpku ıhpdu Ap–dp_¨]$ kfıh[u-cNh]π$Nu[p cpÛedp¨

i¨L$f_p° S>fid B.k. 509 b[ph° R>°.

- L°$V$gpL$ rh‹p_p° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u L©$r[Ap°dp¨\u ‚dpZp° [pfhu ]$gugp° L$f°

R>° L°$ cNhp_ byŸ_p° kde B.k.`|. 1885 \u B.`|. 1805 h√Q°_p° R>°.

[°dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u ‚isı[ L$f[p¨ gøey¨ R>° L°$ ]m°’moX ]wo’ V_gmß Ibw

M S>^mZwï $& i¨L$fpQpeÆ ‚Q¨X$ ‚L$pik|eÆ l[p A_° [°dZ° bp•Ÿ S>•_ S>°hp

A¨^L$pfÏep· D`]°$ip°_p° _pi L$ep£ l[p°. - Ap k¨]$c£ ‚p°. ]°$hlr[96

619 _p¨ ¸yA°_–kp¨N dp¨\u gB_° _p¢^ V$p¨L°$ R>° L°$ (1) cpf[dp¨ B.k.

788 dp¨ bp•Ÿ ^dÆ_y¨ ıh[¨” Ası[–h S> _lp°[y. X$pµ. fp^pL©$ÛZ gM° R>°

L°$ - i¨L$fpQpeÆ_° bp°Ÿ A_° dlphuf ‚–e° JX$p° Ap]$fcph l[p°.

80

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- eyr^rõ$f_p¨ iL$ ‚dpZ° i¨L$f_p¨ L$pep£_u _p¢ . Ap eyr^rõ$f iL$ 3050

ky^u QpÎep° l[p°. (_hy¨ hjÆ Q•”\u b]$gpe R>°).

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- 2631 h•ipM iyL$g-5 i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° S>fid

- 2636 Q•” - iyºg-8 E`_e_

- 2639 L$pr[ÆL$ - iyL$g-11 k¨fiepk

- 2640 apNZ iyL$g-2 \u

- 2646 S>°W$ h]$-30 ky^u Np°th]$pQpeÆ `pk°\u D`]°$i‚pr·,

–epfbp]$ L $piu n°”dp¨ hpk,

`⁄`p]$_p° d°mp`, N¨Np_p qL$_pf° Óu

i¨L$fcNhp__y¨ Qp¨X$pg Í$`° dmhy¨,

[°d_u kp\° A‹•[ k¨b¨^° \°egp°

ip˜p\Æ, i¨L$f cNhp__u Apop\u

b∞˚k|” `f, ]$k D`r_j]π$ `f A_°

Óu d]π$ cNh]π$ Nu[p `f L$f°gp¨

cpÛep° - cNhp_Ïepk_y¨ dmhy¨.

Apey_u ‚pr· hN°f°.

- 2647 dpNif h]$u-3 d¨X$_rdÓkp\°_p k¨hp]$_u iÍ$Ap[.

- 2648 Q•” iyL$g-4 d¨X$_rdÓ_u lpf

- 2648 Q•” iyºg-6 d¨X$_rdÓ_u _p¨ `–_u ipf]$p]°$hu

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- 2648 Q•” h]$-8 AdfyL$ fp≈_p¨ ]°$ldp¨ L$f°g ‚h°i.

- 2648 L$pr[ÆL$ iyºg-13 `y_: `p°[p_p ]°$ldp¨ L$f°gp° ‚h°i.

- 2648 L$pr[ÆL$ h]$u-1 kfıh[u ]°$hu (ipf]$p]°$hu) _u lpf.

- 2648 L$pr[ÆL$ h]$u-1 tQ[pdZud¨”_p¨ bm\u ‹pfL$pdp¨

Aph°gp b∞˚gp°L$dp¨ ]°$h`\_° fı[°\u

kfıh[u_° S>[p¨ AV$L$phhp¨.

- 2648 L$pr[ÆL$ h]$-5 kfıh[u_y¨ L$f°gy¨ ı\p`_ S>° –epf\u

ipf]$pdW$ L$l°hpe R>°.

- 2648 L$pr[ÆL$ h]$-13 \u ipf]$pdW$_u fk_p, bp•Ÿp °_p °

`fpƒe, fy÷dpm_p Í$`dp¨

cNh]$pge d¨q]$f_y ¨ b¨^phhy ¨,

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d¨q]$f_u fQ_p A_° b÷L$prg d¨”_p°

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A°L$ L$gp d¨X$_° k¨fiepk gu^p° [°\u,

`pR>m d|L$u_° afu\u b∞ gp°L$dp¨ S>hp

dpV°$ kfıh[uA° L$f°g ‚e–_, [°_°S>

A°S> d¨”bm° L$fu_° d•kyf k¨ı\p_dp¨

Aph°g i©¨N°fu dW$dp¨ `pR>p gphhy¨,

–ep¨ L$f°gu dW$_u ı\p`_p A_° [°dp¨

L$f°gu [°_u ‚r[õ$p.

82

- 2649 Q•” iyºg-9 d¨X$_rdÓ_° k¨fiepk ‚pr· A_°

kyf°fpQpeÆ [fuL°$ fl°hy¨.

- 2649 dpNif iyL$g- ky^fihpfp≈A° ^pfZ L$f °gy ¨

riÛe[–h.

- 2649 dpOh]$-7 kyf °f_° ipf]$p`uW$_p ¨ A›en

b_pÏep.

- 2650 h•ipM iyL$g-3 r]$s¡hƒe_u iÍ$Ap[

- 2653 ÓphZ iyL$g-7 [p°V$L$_y¨ ApNd_.

- 2654 Apkp° iyL$g-11 lı[pdgL$_y¨ ApNd_

- 2654 `p°j iyL$g-15 lı[pdgL$_° i© ¨N°fu dW$_p¨ A_°

[p °V $L $_° ƒep°r[dÆW$_p ¨ A›en

b_pÏep.

- 2655 h•ipM iyL$g-10 r]$s¡hS>e L$fhp _uL$m°gp kdedp¨

yfyjp°—d n°” S>Nflp\∆dp¨ Bf_u

Lp$õ$‚r[dp_u L$f°gu ‚r[õ$p A_° A°

ı\m_u W$fph°gu depÆ]$p, Np°h^Æ_

dW$_u ı\p`_p [\p dW$pr^`r[ [fuL°$

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- 2655 cp]$fhp iyºg-15 \u

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ep°Ndl—p_u L$f°gu ‚rkqŸ.

83

- 2663 L$pr[ÆL$ iyL$g-15 L•$gpk ‚epZ.

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3040 \u iÍ$ \B rhæ$d k¨h[ 25 ky^u ApQpeÆ [fuL°$ f¸p. A°V$g° b^p

dmu Ly$g 35 hjÆ [°Ap° ApQpeÆ `]°$ f¸p.

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ _p° S>fid kde A¨N° D`fp°º[ ◊rÙ$A° ≈°[p A_°L$

d[d[p¨[fp° R>°97. [°d R>[p¨ `pÚp–e rh‹p_p°A° cpf[ue Br[lpk_u c∞pdL$

[hpfuMp° _Ω$u L$f_pf d°L$kd|gf, L$_Æg V$_Æf, L$u\, \ubp°, rhfiV$f r_Vπ$T,

d°L$X$p°_g, aguV$, gp°N_, h°gf hN°f° A° Appq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° kde -

B.k. 788 \u 820 _p° _Ω$u L$ep£$ hmu [°dp¨ Afie `pÚp–e rh‹p_p°A°

[LÆ$-rh[LÆ$ ‹pfp [°_y¨ M¨X$_ `Z L$eyØ. i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u Qpf `uW$p°, A_° [° [°

`uW$_p¨ ApÍ$Y$ ApQpep£ _u k¨øep [\p hjp£_u NZ[fu L$f[p¨ 2500 hjÆ

\pe R>°. hmu ip¨L$f`uW$p°_y¨ A_yipk_, `uW$ı\p`_, i¨L$fpQpep£_p¨

kdL$pgu__u S>fidr[r\, S>•_-bp•Ÿ Apq]$ N∞\p°_p¨ ‚dpZc|[ Ôgp°L$p° hN°f°

`Z ‚–en ‚dpZ ıhÍ$`° NZu iL$pe.

A•r[lprkL$ b_php°, kprls–eL$ ‚dpZp°, X$bÎey gp°N_, X$pµ.

cp¨X$pfL$f, Apf _ftklpQpf A_° A°k.hu. h¢L$V°$f hN°f° Sp° L°$

84

i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p° kde 750 \u 850 h√Q° r_rÚ[Í$`° NZ° R>°. A° S>

ı\pr`[ L$f° R>° L°$ ApQpeÆ \u 850 h√Q° r_rÚ[ Í$`° NZ° R>°. A° S>

ı\pr`[ L$f° R>° L°$ ApQpeÆ Óu B.k. 788 dp¨ S>fiÁep l[p A_° B.k.

820 dp¨ Ahkp_ `pÁep l[p¨. ≈° L°$ blzÓy[ A°hp L°$.V$u.[g¨N Ap kde

`f–h° k¨d[ _\u. `f¨[y `f¨`fpN[ kpdN∞u - Ôgp°L$p° kp\° k¨dr— ]$ipÆh°

R>°. L°$.bu.`pW$L$, A°k.A°_.]$pkNy·p, A°k.L°$.b°gh°gL$f, _ugL¨$W$ip˜u,

S>°hp cpf[ue [“hop_ A_° Br[lpk_p¨ AN∞ZuAp° Ap kdeNZ_p_°

gnZdp¨ g° R>°. `f¨[y Ap^pfc|[ Ôgp°L$p°, _°`pm, L$psÌdf_p¨ fp≈Ap° _p¨

kde° ApQpeÆÓuA° L$f°gu ^dÆep”p hN°f° ‚Òp°_p¨ rhQpf\u cpf[ue

k¨ıL©$r[_p¨ Ap dlp_ ƒep°r[Of_p¨ ‚L$pi`|¨S> Apif° 2500 hjÆ\u a°gp[p°

f¸p° R>°. A°d blz^p d¨[Ïe R>°.

85

* Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u N∞¨\ fQ_p :-* Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u N∞¨\ fQ_p :-* Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u N∞¨\ fQ_p :-* Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u N∞¨\ fQ_p :-* Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u N∞¨\ fQ_p :-

cNh–`p]$ Óu Ap¤ i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ i¨L$f_p° Ah[pf l[p. h•q]$L$

k_p[_ ^dÆ_p¨ DŸpfp\£ [°dZ° rh`yg kprl–e_u fQ_p L$fu. S>°_p ‹pfp [°d_p°

l°[y kdN∞ ‚≈_° A°L$ [¨[yA° bp¨^u fpMhp_p° l[p° A° kd∆ iL$pe. dp”

b”uk hjÆ_u AÎ` Apeydp¨ ApV$gy¨ cNuf\ L$peÆ `pf `pX$hy¨ A° [°d_p

i¨L$fph[pf_u dpfie[p_° kd\Æ_ Ap`° R>°. `¨qX$[ S>hplfgpg _l°fy [°d_° cÏe

ıdfZp¨S>rg Ap`[p L$l° R>° L°98

""[°d_p kde_p cpf[_p dp_k_° `f°ip_ L$f_pf rhrcfi_

‚hplp°dp¨\u k¨hpq]$[p ı\p`hp [°dZ° [_[p°X$ dl°_[ L$fu A_° rhrcfi_[pdp¨\u

A•ºe_u cph_p ı\p`u. b”uk hjÆ_p¨ V|¨$L$p ∆h_L$pmdp¨ A°dZ° A_°L$

]$u^Æ∆h__p¨ L$pep£ L$epÆ A_° `p°[p_p ‚Q¨X$ A_° kd©Ÿ Ïesº[–h_u A°hu R>p`

cpf[dp¨ Ecu L$fu, S>° ApS>° `Z A–e¨[ ı`Ù$ R>°. A°d_pdp¨ [“hop_u

A_° rh‹p__y¨, k¨iehp]$u A_° flıehp]$u_y¨, L$rh A_° kfi[_y¨ A_° [° D`fp¨[

A°L$ Ïehlpfy ky^pfL$ A_° Ly$im Ïehı\p`L$_y¨ ApÓeÆS>_L$ rdÓZ l[y¨''.

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p° eyN L$p¨B `yı[L$ eyN _ l[p°. lı[rgrM[ N∞¨\p°

ºhrQ[π dmu Aph[p. rh‹p_π ip˜uAp°_° [°d_u rh¤p ∆c_p¨ V°$fh° fl°[u.

[°Ap° S>° ıhe¨kS>Æ_p° L$f[p¨ [°_° [°Ap° dNS>dp¨ k¨N∞lu fpM[p. Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u

Ap A`|hÆ ıd©r[ isº[_p° `fQp° `⁄`p]$pQpeÆ A_° fpS>i°Mf_° \e°gp°. hmu

q]$hkp° ky^u Qpg[p¨ ip˜p\p£dp¨ A° `¨qX$[p° A°L$bu≈_u kpd° ip˜p°_p ‚dpZp°

fS|> L$fu k¨ıL©$[rNfpdp¨ `p°[p_y¨ hpLπ$Qp[yeÆ fS|> L$f[p¨. ApQpeÆÓuA° [“hop_

A_° L$pÏe b¨fl° n°”dp¨ kd©Ÿ kprl–e f√ey¨ R>°.

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ _pd D`f S>°V$gp¨ N∞fi\p° lpg dm° R>° [° b^p b∞ k|”_p¨

86

cpÛeL$pf i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ S> R>° A°d L$lu iL$pe A°d _\u. ‚pµ. b°gh°gL$f99 L$l°

R>° [°d Ly$g 400 S>°V$gp¨ N∞¨\p° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ _pd D`f QY°$gp dmu ApÏep. Ap

b^p N∞¨fi\p°_° A¨[° "Br[ Óud]π$ `fdl¨k `qfh∞pS>L$pQpeÆ Óud]π$ i¨L$f cNh[π

`|ƒe`p]$ L©$[p°' A°d gM°gy¨ R>°. [°d_p¨ d[° 400 dp¨\u Ly$g 24 N∞¨fi\p° (11

cpÛep°, 8 ı[p°”p°, A_° 5 ‚L$fZN∞fi\p°) i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ R>°. bpL$u_p¨ A¨N°

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_y¨ (351 cpÛep°, 215 ı[p°”p°, 112 ‚L$fZ N∞fi\p°) L$[©Æ–h kprb[

\[y¨ _\u.

b”uk hjÆ_p¨ Vy¨$L$p ∆h_L$pmdp¨ Ap A‚r[d ‚r[cpA° ]$u^Æ∆h__p¨

L$pep£ L$epÆ. cpf[dp¨ k_p[_ ^dÆ_y¨ `y_: ı\p`_ L$fhp¨ [“hop_ A_° L$pÏe

b¨fl° n°”dp¨ kd©Ÿ kprl–e f√ey¨ R>°. ky‚rkŸ rh‹p_ Óu L$dmpi¨L$f r”h°]$u100

A° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ _pd° QY°$gu 300 S>°V$gu fQ_pAp°_u _p¢^ L$fu R>°. Ap ep]$u

Ap°a°ºV$_p¨ "L°$V$gp°Nyk L°$V$gp°Np°fydπ' (L°$V$gp°N Ap°a L°$V$gp°¡k) dp¨\u b_ph°gu

L°$V$guL$ L©$r[Ap° rcfi_ rcfi_ _pd° Ap°mMpe R>°.

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u L©$r[Ap° dp°V°$ cpN° b° dyøe rhcpNp°dp¨ hl¢Qu

iL$pe101 :-

(1) ‚^p_ L©$r[Ap° :-

(2) Np•Z L©$r[Ap° :-

(1) ‚^p_L©$r[Ap° dp¨ _uQ° S>Zph°gu N∞fi\ fQ_pAp°_p° kdph°i \pe R>°.

(1) dyøe (‚^p_) D`r_j]π$p° D`f_p¨ cpÛep°.

(2) bp]$fpeZ_p¨ b∞˚k|”p° `f_y¨ cpÛe.

(3) Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p `f_y¨ cpÛe.

87

Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ dlp_ [“hh°—p l[p. ‚ı\p_”eu `f_p `p°[p_p

cpÛep° ‹pfp [°dZ° ı\pr`[ L$f°gp° A‹•[ rkŸp¨[ ky‚rkŸ R>°.

Ap ”Z°e L©$r[Ap° Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u ‚dpZc|[ L©$r[Ap° [fuL°$

ıhuL$pfpB R>°. D`r_j]$πp° b∞˚k|” A_° Óud]π$ cNh]π$ Nu[p Ap ”Z°e N∞¨fi\p°

‚ı\p_”e A°V$g°L°$ [“hop__u Ap^pf rigp_p¨ ”Z N∞fi\p° d_pep R>°. S>°Z°

ApQpeÆ_° `p°[p_p [“hop__p¨ rkŸp¨[p°_° khÆdpfie[p A`phu R>°. [°d_p

`p°[p_p rhQpfp° Ap ‚ı\p_N∞fi\p°\u kdr\Æ[ R>°, L$`p°m L$sÎ`[ _\u A°d

rkŸ L$fhy¨ `X°$ Aphu cpf[ue `f¨`fp R>°.

‚ı\p_”eu :-‚ı\p_”eu :-‚ı\p_”eu :-‚ı\p_”eu :-‚ı\p_”eu :-

Apq] i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ L°$hgp‹•[ [“hop__p¨ [“h_° ›ep_dp¨ gB [°dZ°

‚]$p_ L$f°gp dp•rgL$ N∞fi\p°_u hp[ L$fuA° [p° -

(1) dyøe D`r_j]$p° D`f_p¨ cpÛep° :-(1) dyøe D`r_j]$p° D`f_p¨ cpÛep° :-(1) dyøe D`r_j]$p° D`f_p¨ cpÛep° :-(1) dyøe D`r_j]$p° D`f_p¨ cpÛep° :-(1) dyøe D`r_j]$p° D`f_p¨ cpÛep° :-

Óu Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆA° r_Á_r_q]Æ$Ù$ dyøe A_° ‚pQu_[d D`r_j]$p°

`f cpÛe gøep¨ R>° : (1) Bi, (2) L°$_, (3) L$W$, (4) ‚Ò (5) dy¨X$L$,

(6) dpŒX|$ºe (7) [•r—fue (8) A•[f°e, (9) R>pfi]$p°¡e A_° (10)

b©l]$pfŒeL$.

]´˜gÀ`ß OJo›_œ`m _u Dsº[ ‹pfp i¨L$fpQpeÆ - "ApÒV VmdX≤ ]´˜

oZÀ`-ew’]w’Òd^mdß gd©kß gd©eo∑Vg_p›dV_≤'102 A°d L$lu_° b∞˚_y¨ Mfy¨ ıhÍ$`

op_ i¨L$f_p¨ d[° h°]$pfi[hpºep° L°$ D`r_j]π$p°dp¨\u d°mhu iL$pe R>°.

i¨L$fpQpeÆ ıhe¨ L$l° R>° L°$ gdfw dXm›Vfw MVZH$maUmdJoVï $& [•r[fue

D`r_jÿ$ ‚Òp°`r_jÿ$ L°$ R>pfi]$p°¡e D`r_j]π$ `Z "AmÀ_Xß EdXß gd™' $& (‚pZ

isº[ Ap–dpdp¨\u) Ap ‹pfp i¨L$fpQpeÆ `Z AmÀ_Z≤ A_° oMX≤È[VŒd _y¨ k|Q_

88

L$f° R>°. h°]$pfi[ L°$ D`r_j]π$ _p° kpdpfie ◊rÙ$L$p°Z BoV MmÀ_Zï...............OJVï

H$maU_≤ $&

b∞˚_p¨ kNyZ - r_NyÆZ b∞˚_p° rkŸp¨[ `Z i¨L$fpQpeÆ D`r_j]π$_p¨

hpºep°_u d]$]$\u fiepeu W°$fh° R>°. L$pfZ L°$ D`r_j]$p°dp¨ hpf¨hpf Ap–d_π,

b∞ _π, _°r[-_°r[ iÂ]$p° (R>p. D`.) Ap khÆ L$p¨B R>° [° b∞ S> R>°. (b©.D.)

L°$V$guL$hpf D`r_j]πp°dp¨ op_‚pr· Mp[f - Ed_≤ EH$_o[ ]´ m[ojVm[moY gÂ]›Yß

oZaÒVm[moY gÂ]›Yß Mm[m`ÒÀdZ P`ÀdZ M dXm›Vfy[oXÌ`V103 .

Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ_p¨ d|m h°]$p° A_° D`r_j]π$p°dp¨ ip°^° R>° - S>°d L°$ -

- B›–m _m`mo^ï [wÈÍ$[ B©`V $&

- °[p[f D`. dp¨ dpep_° ‚L©r[ kp\° [p]$p–ÁeÍ$`° OV$phu R>° -

_m`mß Vw ‡H•$qV od⁄mV≤ $&

- Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ `Z -

_m`°fm VÒ` XdÒ` ``m`ß _mohVï Òd`ß104

A_° _m``m o^⁄V ¯VV≤ A°d L$lv ºep¨L$ dpep_° _L$pf[p gm M _m`m

Z od⁄V L$lu dpep_° c∞pdL$Í$`° NZ° R>°.

- _m`m o_œ`mMma È[m 105 $&

khÆh•rL$ S>N[_p¨ Ïehlpf_° Arh¤p L°$ dpep L$lu_° OV$ph° R>°.

- ≈° L°$ Nu[p cpÛe_p¨ D`p°]π$¤p[dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ dpep_° rhÛœ_u isº[

[fuL°$ hZÆh° R>°. rhh°L$Q|X$pdrZ dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ Ap S> dpep_° AÏeº[ iÂ]$

‹pfp r_]£$iu [°_° `fd°f_u isº[ L$l° R>°. [° Ar_hÆQ_ue A_° khÆ

rhfp°^pcpkp°_y¨ Ar^õ$p_ R>°.

ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ _pd° QX°$gp A_° k¨q]$¡^ L$[©Æ–hhpmp _uQ° S>Zph°gp

D`r_j]π cpÛep° R>°.

89

(1) L•$hÎe (2) L$p•qj[L$u (3) Np° pg[p`_ue (4) _pfpeZ (5) `fdl¨k

(6) cph_p, (7) d•”peZu, (8) h«>$k|Qu, (9) ipL$V$pe_ A_° (10)

°[p[f (11) dp¨X|$ºe D`r_jÿL$pqfL$p cpÛe.

`ffi[y Ap^yr_L$ rh‹p_p°_p¨ d[° Ap ApQpeÆÓu frQ[ Ap^pfc|[

N∞¨\p° _\u.

(2) b∞˚k|” cpÛe :-(2) b∞˚k|” cpÛe :-(2) b∞˚k|” cpÛe :-(2) b∞˚k|” cpÛe :-(2) b∞˚k|” cpÛe :-

b∞˚k|”p° L°$ S>° h°]$pfi[k|”p° [fuL°$ `Z ≈Zu[p R>° A_° dlrjÆ

bp]$fpeZ rhfrQ[ R>° [°_p¨ D`f_y¨ ApQpeÆÓu_y¨ cpÛe ip¨L$fcpÛe L°$

ipfufL$cpÛe (ifufdp¨ hk[p Ap–d[“h_p° rhQpf [° ipqffL$ cpÛe) [fuL°$

‚rkŸ R>°. [°dp¨ D`r_jÿ_p¨ S>qV$g N¨W$_p°_u kdS> i¨L$fpQpe£ Ly$g 555 k|”p°dp¨

Ap`u R>°.

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u `|h£ `Z h©r—L$pf, kyfi]$f`p¨X$È B–epq]$ rh‹p_p°

‹pfp b∞˚k|”p° `f cpÛe gMhp_p¨ ‚e–_p° \ep¨ l[p¨. `ffi[y Apq]$

i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨ qh‹—p`|ZÆ, kyk¨N[ A_° rhN[`|ZÆ cpÛe_p¨ ‚pL$V$È kpd° S>

[° b^p auΩ$p `X$u Nep. i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ [“h]$iÆ_dp¨ fl°gp rkŸp¨[p°_p° ‚dpZc|[

Ap N∞¨\ k¨ıL©$[ N¤dp¨ ‚dpZc|[ riMf R>°.

b∞˚k|” `f_y¨ [°d_y¨ cpÛe S>° khp£—d L$lu iL$pe [°_u iÍ$Ap[ S>

i¨L$fpQpeÆA° A›epk\u L$fu R>°. A›epk cpÛe_p¨ ‚pf¨cdp¨ S> [°Ap° A›epk_°

Arh¤p_p¨ d|m ıhÍ$` Í$`° NZph° R>°. b∞˚ A_° ∆h_p¨ A•ºe _p¨ rk›^p¨[_u

ı\p`_p `Z D`r_j]π$_p¨ dlphpºep° ‹pfp S> L$fu R>°. S>°dp¨ Qpf h°]$ hpºep°

D`r_jπ]$p°dp¨\u [pfÏep R>°.

- eSy>h£]$_p¨ b©l]$p. D`. dp¨ Ahß ]´˜mpÒ_

- kpdh°]$_p¨ R>pfi]$p°. D`. dp¨ "VŒd_og' Ap ‚rkŸ hpºe R>°.

90

- F>¡h°]$_p¨ A•[f°e D`r_j]π$dp¨ "‡kmZß ]´˜' Ap hpºe R>°.

- A\hÆh°]$_p¨ dpŒX| $ºe D`r_j]πdp¨ A`_mÀ_m ]´˜ R> °. dyøe

D`r_j]$πp°dp¨ ≈°hp dm[p¨ Ap dlphpºep° ku^u L°$ ApX$L$[fu fu[° ∆h-b∞˚

A•ºe _p° øepg fS|> L$f° R>°. Ap Qpf dlphpºe ‹pfp D`r_j]πcpÛe _u S>°d

i¨L$fpQpeÆ b∞˚k|” `f_p¨ [°d_p¨ cpÛedp¨ Óyr[_p° Ap^pf gB_° ∆h A_°

b∞˚_y¨ A•ºe kprb[ L$fhp A_°L$ ]$gugp° Ap`° R>°.

EH$Ò`°d Vw ^XÏ`dhma C[moYH•$Vï `Wm KQ>mH$mem

_hmH$me BoV 106

(3) Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p `f_y¨ cpÛe :-(3) Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p `f_y¨ cpÛe :-(3) Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p `f_y¨ cpÛe :-(3) Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p `f_y¨ cpÛe :-(3) Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p `f_y¨ cpÛe :-

Ap cpÛe_u ‚ı[ph_pdp¨ ApQpeÆÓu `p°[° S> S>Zph° R>° L°$ [°d_u

`l°gp Óud]π$ cNh]πNu[p_° kd≈hhp [°d_p¨ L°$V$gp¨L$ `yfp°NpduAp°A° cpÛep°

gMhp_p ‚e–_p° L$epÆ l[p. `ffi[y [°dp¨ `fı`f rhfp°^pcpk S>Zp[p [°dZ°

V|¨$Ly¨$ R>[p¨ kyk¨N[ cpÛe gMhp_p° r_ZÆe L$ep£ l[p°107. hp.rh.‚°. _p N∞¨\ 1 \u

3 dp¨ b∞˚k|” cpÛe A`pey¨ R>°. Qpf \u ]$k A° kp[ N∞¨\p°dp¨ D`r_jÿ

cpÛep° A_° 11 [\p 12 N∞¨\p°dp¨ Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p_y¨ cpÛe ‚rkŸ `pÁey¨

R>°.

bu≈ A›epe_p¨ 11 dp¨ Ôgp°L$\u Ap cpÛe_p° ‚pf¨c \pe R>°.

- [p° Óu ApQpeÆ i¨L$f° cNh]π$Nu[pcpÛedp¨ dyøe–h° csº[_u QQpÆ L$fu R>°.

S>°dp¨ Bf_u cph_p rhj° L$l°[p gM° R>° L°$ -

`Ò_mÀja_VrVm@hß AjamXo[MmV_≤ $&

AVm@pÒ_bmH$ dX M ‡oWVï [wÈfmŒm_ï $&& (^.Jr.15/18)

- Óud]π$ cNh]π$Nu[p_p¨ L°$V$gpL$ AN–e_p¨ Ôgp°L$p°`f_u Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u

V$uL$p _p¢^`p” R>°.

91

_`m@‹`jU ‡H•$oVï gy`V gMamMa_≤ $&

hVwZmZZ H$m°›V` OJo¤[nadV©V $&& (^.Jr. 9/10)

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ L$l° R>° L°$ k©rÙ$_u ‚qæ$epdp¨ Bf aº[ ]$Ù$p A_°

kpnuÍ$ ° R>°. [°_u r”NyZps–dL$pdpep (Arh¤p) S>N[ kS>£ R>°. Bf kS>Æ_lpf

lp°hp_° gu ° k©rÙ$_p° kpnu dp” R>°. `fdQ•[fieıhÍ$` Bf kpnu dp” lp°hp\u

L$iy¨ S> cp°Nh[p° _\u. Afie Q°[_–h_p¨ Acph° bu≈° L$p°B cp°º[p `Z _\u.

Bf A°L$d°h R>°.

Ap cpÛedp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ gM° R>° L°$ -

]´˜Um oh ‡oV>mh__•VÒ`mÏ``Ò` M $&

emúVÒ` M Y_©Ò` gwIÒ`°H$mp›VH$Ò` M $& (^.Jr. 14/27)

Ap k–e ApNgp Ôgp°L$dp¨ "]´ y m` H$Î[V' A°d L$lu b∞ _π `p°[p_u

Bfue isº[_° ıhe¨ b∞˚\u Arcfi_ NZ° R>°. b∞˚_π A°V$g° krhL$Î`b∞˚_π

r_rhÆL$Î` A_° r_NyÆZ A°hp° lz Ad©[AÏee b∞ _y r_hpkı\p_ Ry>¨, lz op_r_õ$p

Í$` ip[ ^dÆ_y¨ A_° [°dp¨\u D]π$ch[p r_–ep_¨]$_p° ApÓe Ry>¨.

Óud]π$cNh]$πNu[p `f_p¨ cpÛedp¨ Bf_p¨ ıhÍ$`_u kp\° kp\°

csº[_y¨ ıhÍ$` `Z ı`Ù$ L$eyØ R>°. S>°d L°$ - `m _mß [Ì`oV gd©Ã............

‹pfp kÁeL$π op_u yfyj dpfpdp¨ hk° R>°, A° S> r_–edyº[ R>°, khÆc|[p°, b∞ pq]$

]°$hp° [\p Ap–dpA_° b∞˚_p° A•ºecph Arhs√R>fi_ `Z° fl° R>°. Ap–dp-

`fdp–dp _p° Ap k¨b¨^ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ d[° op_ ‹pfp \[u b∞˚_p¨ A‹•[]$iÆ__u

A_yc|r[ R>°.

op_u cº[ [°d_p° Ap–dp R>°. S>° Ar[r‚e R>°. Alv csº[ L©$ÛZÍ$`u

`fb∞˚_π ‚–e° A°L$pN∞[p L°$mhhp dpV°$ kp^_ R>° A°hp° ı`Ù$ ArcNd Ap`[p

92

i¨L$fpQpeÆ csº[ A_° op_rhi°_p¨ k¨b¨^_y¨ A\ÆOV$_ Ap`° R>° S>° _p¢^hp ep°¡e

R>°. -

Vfmß gVVß `w∑VmZmß ^OVmß ‡roV[yd©H$_≤ $&

XXmo_ ]wo’`mJß Vß `Z _m_w[`mp›V V $&&

Vfm_dmZwH$Â[mW©_h_kmZOß V_ï &

Zme`mÂ`mÀ_^mdÒWm kmZXr[Z ^mÒdVm $&& (^.Jr.10/11)

[p° hmu -

^∑`m _m_o^OmZmoV `mdm›`úmo_ VŒdVï $&

VVm _mß VŒdVm kmÀdm odeV VXZ›Va_≤ $&&

D`r_j]π$p° `p°L$pfu `p°L$pfu_° L$l° R>° L°$ -

"F$V kmZm›Z _wo∑Vï$& kmZmXd Vw H°$dÎ`_≤'

Ap rkŸp¨[_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_ L$f[p i¨L$fpQpeÆ [°d_p¨ cpÛedp¨ gM° R>° L°$ -

[yfue ‚L$pf_u csº[ ‹pfp dydyny Bf_° [ps“hL $fu[° `uR>pZu op_‚pr· \[p¨

[°_p° A_° `fd°f h√Q°_p° c°]$ AÿÌe b_u ≈e R>° bpL$u fl° R>° L•$hg A‹•[.

Apd b∞˚k|”cpÛe D`fp¨[ b©l]$pfŒeL$ hN°f° S>°hp D`r_j]π$_p¨

cpÛedp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ dyº[`Z° `p°[p_p° d[ ‚]$riÆ[ L$fu iºep R>°. Ap

‚ı\p_”eu_p° `|f°`|fp° r_ÛL$jÆ L$pY$[p¨ [° i¨L$fpQpeÆ° ‚]$riÆ[ L$f°gp rhQpfp°dp¨ S>

`qfZdu iL°$.

* dp¨X|$ºe D`r_jÿ cpÛe :-* dp¨X|$ºe D`r_jÿ cpÛe :-* dp¨X|$ºe D`r_jÿ cpÛe :-* dp¨X|$ºe D`r_jÿ cpÛe :-* dp¨X|$ºe D`r_jÿ cpÛe :-

Óu i¨L$f_p `fdNyÍ$ Óu Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ∆_u dp¨X|$ºe D`r_jÿ kp•\u

_p_y¨ R>°. [°dp¨ aº[ Qpf S> ‚L$fZp° R>°, `f¨[y Np•X$`p]$pQpe£ [°_p `f L$pqfL$pAp°

gMu [°_y¨ dl–h h^peyØ R>°. i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆A° [°_p `f cpÛe gøey¨ R>°.

93

ApQpeÆÓu L$.‚p.r”h°]$u gM° R>° L°$ Óud]π$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨ cpÛep° [p°

ky‚rkŸ R>° S>. `f¨[y [° Nl_ lp°hp\u kp^pfZ byŸu_p¨ d_yÛe_° NÁe _\u.

D—d Ar^L$pfuAp° rkhpe_p¨ Aphp d¨]$byqŸ_p¨ gp°L$p° [fa L$Í$Zp\u ‚°fpB_°

[°dZ° L©$`pıhÍ$`° k¨cpjZ `Ÿr[\u [\p ◊Ù$pfi[eyº[ L°$V$gpL$ gOy g°Mp° `Z

gøep108.

(2) Np•Z L©$r[Ap° :-(2) Np•Z L©$r[Ap° :-(2) Np•Z L©$r[Ap° :-(2) Np•Z L©$r[Ap° :-(2) Np•Z L©$r[Ap° :-

Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_p¨ _pd° gNcN ”Zkp° S>°V$gu L©$r[Ap° (L°$V$guL$

L©$r[Ap° iujÆL$ c°]$ kp\°) D`gÂ^ R>°. `ffi[y [°dp¨\u khÆk¨d[ fu[°

ÓuApQpeÆQfZ_u N∞fi\fQ_p [fuL°$ dpfie \e°gp N∞fi\p° _uQ° ]$ipÆÏep R>°.

hpZurhgpk ‚°k _p¨ 13 dp¨ `yı[L$dp¨ dlpcpf[ Afi[NÆ[

rhÛœklˆ_pd `f_y¨ cpÛe A_° k_–ky≈[ue `f_y¨ cpÛe Aphu b° L©$r[Ap°

R>p`u R>°109.

(1) rhÛœklˆ _pd cpÛe :-(1) rhÛœklˆ _pd cpÛe :-(1) rhÛœklˆ _pd cpÛe :-(1) rhÛœklˆ _pd cpÛe :-(1) rhÛœklˆ _pd cpÛe :-

Ap cpÛe Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_y¨ ‚\d N∞fi\ kS>Æ_ R>°. `p°[p_p Nyfy

`|ƒe`p]$ Óu Np°rhfi]$pQpeÆ_p¨ QfZ L$dmdp¨ kdr`Æ[ riÛe_u `yÛ`p¨S>rg R>°.

rhÛœklˆ _pd `f_y¨ Ap cpÛe rhi]$, kfm A_° q]$Ïe `dfpV$\u eyº[ R>°.

Qpf° [fa ‚kf°gu ^prdÆL$ A_° kp¨ıL©$r[L$ AfpS>L$[p_p° kygc D`pe Óui¨L$f°

dlpcpf[_p¨ "rhÛœklk∞_pd' dp¨ ≈°ep°. dlpcpf[_p¨ ip¨r[ `hÆdp¨ eyr^rõ$f°

bpZiËep `f k|[°gp¨ cuÛdr`[pdl_° kp¨kpqfL$ ]y$:Mp°\u dysº[ A_° `fdip¨r[

L°$hu fu[° ‚p· \pe [°hu cph_p\u `|R>°gp ‚Òp°_p¨ D—fÍ$`° r`[pdl°

"rhÛœklˆ_pd'_u k¨∆h_u Ap`u. Óui¨L$f° Ap Ahkf TX$`u gB_° Ap

ı[p°”_p¨ ‚–e°L$ _pddp¨ AhNpl_ L$fu ^dÆ A_° k¨ıL©$r[dp¨ `X°$gp c¨NpZ_°

`|fu ]$B r_fpde kdpS>_p¨ r_dpÆZ dpV°$ cÏe Arcep_ Apf¨Êey¨.

94

Ap "rhÛœklk∞_pd cpÛe' dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ° l≈f _pd `Z A¨[° [p°

A°L$ S> `fd[“h_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_ L$f° R>° A°d rkŸ L$eyØ R>°. b∞˚ S> A°L$ A_°

Aq‹[ue k[π R>°. S>° L$p¨B R>° [p° L°$hm A°_u S> gugp R>°. L°$hgp‹•[_p¨ ‚L$pip°dp¨

Ap _pdp°_u kp\ÆL$[p ]$ipÆhu R>°. i¨L$fpQpeÆA° L°$hgp‹•[ rkŸpfi[_° bfpbf

˘]$eı\ L$fhp dpV°$ ‚\d D`r_j]$p°_p° Ap^pf Ap‡ep°, `R>u khÆ L$p°B `Qphu

L°$ kd∆ iL°$ [°hp l°[y\u Nu[ A_° `yfpZp°dp¨\u D‹pfZp° Ap‡ep R>°. [°dZ°

hpf¨hpf rhrh^ `yfpZp° - tgN`yfpZ, NfyX$, rhÛœ, _pf]$, b∞˚ [\p

lqfh¨idp¨\u A_°L$ Ôgp°L$p°_° D]π$^©[ L$fu b∞˚p, rhÛœ, rih, isº[ L°$ L$p°B`Z

]°$hp°_p¨ _pd R>°hV°$ [p° `fb∞˚_y¨ S> k|Q_ L$f° R>°, [“h[p° A°L$ S> R>°.

Alv i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ L$l° R>° L°$ ı[yr[Í$`u AQÆ_ A–e¨[ gpc]$peu R>°.

L$pfZ L°$ [°dp¨ tlkp hN°f° `p`L$dp£ \[p AV$L°$ R>°. L$p°B Afie rhi°j kp^_p°_u

S>Í$qfep[ fl°[u _\u. ı\m - kde_p¨, L°$ ^__p¨ b¨^_p° _X$[p¨ _\u110.

L$dÆL$p¨X$_p¨ S>V$ug A_° MQpÆm kp^_p°dp¨\u DNpfu gB_° S>`_u ‚r[õ$p L$fu

kdpS>_° dyº[d_° A°L$ _hp S> fpl_p° A_ych L$fph°.

Apd Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ ‚–e°L$ _pd_p° A\Æ DOpX$[p ≈e A_°

khÆ[p°c÷ - A°L$p–dcph_p° drldp ‚ı\pr`[ L$f[p ≈e. R>°hV°$ khÆ h•rh›e_p¨

d|mdp¨ Ap A°L$ S> [“h rhgku f¸y¨ R>°. A°_y¨ ıdfZ - tQ[_ A° [p° dp_k

ı_p_ R>°. dp_k[u\Æ_p¨ op_ kfp°hfdp¨ fpN‹°jÍ$`u dm_° ]|$f L$f_pfp

›ep_S>mdp¨ S>° ı_p_ L$f° R>° [° `fdNr[_° `pd° R>°111. Apd S>`eo__u

k¨hpq]$[p k^p[p k–k¨NuAp° NyZp_yhp]$ ‹pfp `fd°f_y kpr_›e A_ych° R>°112.

(2) k_–ky≈[ue cpÛe :-(2) k_–ky≈[ue cpÛe :-(2) k_–ky≈[ue cpÛe :-(2) k_–ky≈[ue cpÛe :-(2) k_–ky≈[ue cpÛe :-

©[fpÙ≤$_p¨ dp°l_° ]y$f L$fhp dpV°$ k_–ky≈[ue F>rjA° S>° Ap›eps–dL$

D`]°$i Ap‡ep° l[p° [° dlpcpf[_p¨ D¤p°N`hÆ (A›epe - 42-46) dp¨

95

hZÆh°gp° R>°. Ap k_–ky≈[ue `hÆ [fuL°$ Ap°mMpe R>°. Ap `hÆ D`f

ApQpeÆÓuA° D`fp°º[ cpÛe f√ey¨ R>°.

hpZu rhgpk ‚°k 34 ‚L$fZ N∞fi\p° ‚rkŸ L$f° R>°. h°]$p¨[ [“hop__p¨

rcfi_ - rcfi_ [“hp°_u kdS> Ap`_pfp _p_p - _p_p N∞fi\p°_° ‚L$fZ N∞fi\p°

L$l° R>°.

Ap rkhpe Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u _uQ° S>Zph°gu L©$r[Ap°113 `Z R>°.

(14 dp N∞fi\dp¨).

(1) rhh°L$ Q|X$pdrZ :-(1) rhh°L$ Q|X$pdrZ :-(1) rhh°L$ Q|X$pdrZ :-(1) rhh°L$ Q|X$pdrZ :-(1) rhh°L$ Q|X$pdrZ :-

A‹•[hp]$_u rhQpf^pfp_° ‚NV$ L$f[p¨ Ap N∞fi\dp¨ Nyfy - riÛe_p¨

k¨hp]$Í$`dp¨ 581 Ôgp°L$p° R>° [°dp¨ h°]$pfi[_y¨ ‚pf¨rcL$ op_ kfm A_° ‚pkpq]$L$

i•gudp¨ fS|> L$fpey¨ R>°.

d°amΩ`]mYm° [wÈfÒ` [ojdV≤

[jm° odOmZroh odMjUÀd_≤ $&

od_wo∫$gm°YmJ´VbmoYamhUß

Vm‰`mß odZm Zm›`VaU og‹`oV $&&375$&&

rhh°L$ A_° h•fp¡e Mf°Mf A°hu b° `p¨Mp° R>° S>°_p rh_p h°]$p¨[

[“hop__p¨ Dfi_[ riMfp° [fa_y¨ DÕ$e_ iºe _\u. h•fp¡e S> op__y¨ gnZ

R>°114.

(2) D`]°$i kplˆu :-(2) D`]°$i kplˆu :-(2) D`]°$i kplˆu :-(2) D`]°$i kplˆu :-(2) D`]°$i kplˆu :-

Ap N∞fi\ N¤ A_° `¤ A°d b° Í$`° fQpep° R>°. [° `•L$u `¤p–dL$

N∞fi\dp¨ 18 A›epep°dp¨ A_° iujÆL$dp¨ Dâ°M R>° [°d A°L$ l≈f Ôgp°L$p°dp¨

h°]$pfi[_p° D`]°$i Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep° R>°. riÛe_° ApQpeÆ° L°$hu fu[° b∞˚bp°^

96

L$fhp° [°_y¨ `Z hZÆ_ R>°. (`¨]$fdp¨ N∞fi\dp¨ hp.rh.‚°k) dp¨ Afie kp[

L©$r[Ap°_p° Dâ°M R>°.

(3) A`fp°np_|c|r[ :-(3) A`fp°np_|c|r[ :-(3) A`fp°np_|c|r[ :-(3) A`fp°np_|c|r[ :-(3) A`fp°np_|c|r[ :-

A[amjmZw^yoVd£ ‡m¿`V _mjog’` $& (õmH$ -2)

dp°nrkqŸÍ$` Ap–dkpnp–L$pf_p¨ A_ych_° 144 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ hZÆh[u

Ap gOy N∞fi\phrg R>°. [°dp¨ kp^_ krl[ Ap–dıhÍ$`_y¨ r_Í$`Z ‚dpZ A_°

eysº[\u L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>°.

(4) hpºeh©r— :-(4) hpºeh©r— :-(4) hpºeh©r— :-(4) hpºeh©r— :-(4) hpºeh©r— :-

Qpf dlp hpºep° `•L$u kpdh°]$_y¨ dlphpºe "VŒd_og' ∆hp–dp A_°

`fdp–dp _p¨ A•ºe_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_ L$f_pf, A°d_p¨ "VŒd_og' A° dlphpºe_y¨

Ap N∞fi\dp¨ 53 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ rhhfZ L$fpey¨ R>°.

(5) ıhp–dr_f|`Z :-(5) ıhp–dr_f|`Z :-(5) ıhp–dr_f|`Z :-(5) ıhp–dr_f|`Z :-(5) ıhp–dr_f|`Z :-

Ap–d[“h_p° bp° ‚NV$ L$f[p 154 Ôgp°L$_p Ap N∞fi\dp Ap–d[–h_y

r_Í$`Z L$fpey¨ R>°.

(6) Ap–dbp°^ :-(6) Ap–dbp°^ :-(6) Ap–dbp°^ :-(6) Ap–dbp°^ :-(6) Ap–dbp°^ :-

68 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ Ap–dp_y¨op_ Ap`_pf Ap bu∆ L©$r[ R>°.

(7) i[Ôgp°L$u :-(7) i[Ôgp°L$u :-(7) i[Ôgp°L$u :-(7) i[Ôgp°L$u :-(7) i[Ôgp°L$u :-

iujÆL$ k|Qh° R>° [° ‚dpZ° kp° Ôgp°L$p°_p¨ Ap N∞¨\dp¨ Ap–dp_u Ap°mM

Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu R>°.

(8) ]$iÔgp°L$u :-(8) ]$iÔgp°L$u :-(8) ]$iÔgp°L$u :-(8) ]$iÔgp°L$u :-(8) ]$iÔgp°L$u :-

dp” ]$i S> Ôgp°L$p°dp¨, Ap–d[“h_y¨ r_Í$`Z R>°. d^yk|]$_

kfıh[uA° "rkŸpfi[tb]y$' _pd_p¨ N∞¨\dp¨ [°_p `f rhı[©[ V$uL$p gMu R>°.

97

S>°_p\u Ap N∞¨fi\_y¨ dl–h kd∆ iL$pe [°d R>°. Ap N∞¨\_° r_hpÆZ]$iL$ _pd°

`Z Ap°mMhpdp¨ Aph° R>°.

(9) khÆh°]$pfi[ rkŸpfi[ kpf k¨N∞l :-(9) khÆh°]$pfi[ rkŸpfi[ kpf k¨N∞l :-(9) khÆh°]$pfi[ rkŸpfi[ kpf k¨N∞l :-(9) khÆh°]$pfi[ rkŸpfi[ kpf k¨N∞l :-(9) khÆh°]$pfi[ rkŸpfi[ kpf k¨N∞l :-

h°]$pfi[_p¨ b^p¨ S> AN–e_p¨ rhjep°_y¨ [\p h°]$pfi[ rhjeL$ [“hp°_y¨

Ap N∞fi\dp¨ 1006 S>°V$gp¨ Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ V|¨$L$dp¨ r_Í$`Z L$fpey¨ R>°.

hpZu rhgpk ‚°k_p¨ 16 dp¨ `yı[L$dp¨ Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u 25 _p_u

- _p_u L©$r[Ap° kdprhÛV$ R>°.

(10) ‚bp°^ ky^pL$f :-(10) ‚bp°^ ky^pL$f :-(10) ‚bp°^ ky^pL$f :-(10) ‚bp°^ ky^pL$f :-(10) ‚bp°^ ky^pL$f :-

Ap L©$r[dp¨ 257 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ op__y¨ r_Í$`Z R>°.

(11) ıhp–d‚L$priL$p :-(11) ıhp–d‚L$priL$p :-(11) ıhp–d‚L$priL$p :-(11) ıhp–d‚L$priL$p :-(11) ıhp–d‚L$priL$p :-

Ap N∞fi\dp¨ 68 S>°V$gp¨ Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ Ap–d[“h_p° `qfQe R>°.

(12) d_ujp`¨QL$dπ :-(12) d_ujp`¨QL$dπ :-(12) d_ujp`¨QL$dπ :-(12) d_ujp`¨QL$dπ :-(12) d_ujp`¨QL$dπ :-

L$piudp¨ N¨Npı_p_ dpV°$ S>[u hM[° kpd°\u Aph[p Qp¨X$pm_° ƒepf°

ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ riÛep° ]|$f lV$hp Ap]°$i Ap`° R>° –epf° Qp¨X$pm_p¨ Í$`dp¨ Aph°g

cNhp_ ÓuL$piu rh_p\ kpd°\u ‚r[hp]$`fL$ ‚Ò L$f° R>° - ""[d° L$p°_°

lV$hp L$lp° R>p° - ]°$l_° L°$ Ap–dp_° ?'' ApQpeÆ `p°[p_p¨ riÛep°_p¨ D`]°$i A_°

ApQfZdp¨ dl]$fi[f ≈°B [°d_° `p°[p_u d_ujp_° hpQp Ap`[p `p¨Q Ôgp°L$p°

fQu_° Ap`°gp° D`]°$i [° d_ujp`¨QL$dπ.

(13) A‹•[ `¨Qf–_dπ :-(13) A‹•[ `¨Qf–_dπ :-(13) A‹•[ `¨Qf–_dπ :-(13) A‹•[ `¨Qf–_dπ :-(13) A‹•[ `¨Qf–_dπ :-

Ap–d`QL$dπ A°hp A`f_pd hpmu Ap _p_L$X$u `pQ Ôgp°L$p°_u L©$r[dp

A‹•[_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_ L$fpey¨ R>°.

98

(14) r_hpÆZ jVπ$L$dπ :-(14) r_hpÆZ jVπ$L$dπ :-(14) r_hpÆZ jVπ$L$dπ :-(14) r_hpÆZ jVπ$L$dπ :-(14) r_hpÆZ jVπ$L$dπ :-

Ap–djVπ$L$dπ A_° rQ]$p_fi] A\hp r_hpÆZ$jV$πL$dπ _pdp° ^fph[u R>

Ôgp°L$p°_u Ap _p_L$X$u fQ_pdp¨ Ap–dıhÍ$`_p° bp°^ `qfQe L$fphpep° R>°.

(15) A‹•[p_yc|r[ :-(15) A‹•[p_yc|r[ :-(15) A‹•[p_yc|r[ :-(15) A‹•[p_yc|r[ :-(15) A‹•[p_yc|r[ :-

84 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ A‹•[_u A_yc|r[ A°hp iujÆL$ k|rQ[ rhje_° fS|>

L$fpep° R>°.

(16) b∞˚p_yrQfi[_dπ (Ap–d rQfi[_dπ) :-(16) b∞˚p_yrQfi[_dπ (Ap–d rQfi[_dπ) :-(16) b∞˚p_yrQfi[_dπ (Ap–d rQfi[_dπ) :-(16) b∞˚p_yrQfi[_dπ (Ap–d rQfi[_dπ) :-(16) b∞˚p_yrQfi[_dπ (Ap–d rQfi[_dπ) :-

29 Ôgp°L$p° hpmu Ap L©$r[dp¨ Ap–dp_y¨ r_Í$`Z R>°.

(17) ‚Òp°—f f–_dprgL$p :-(17) ‚Òp°—f f–_dprgL$p :-(17) ‚Òp°—f f–_dprgL$p :-(17) ‚Òp°—f f–_dprgL$p :-(17) ‚Òp°—f f–_dprgL$p :-

Ap N∞fi\dp¨ |hpÆ Ædp¨ ‚Ò A_° D—fp Ædp¨ D—f Ap`[p¨ 67 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨

[–hop_ A_° _ur[rhjeL$ op_ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>°.

(18) k]$pQpfp_y¨kfi^p_dπ :-(18) k]$pQpfp_y¨kfi^p_dπ :-(18) k]$pQpfp_y¨kfi^p_dπ :-(18) k]$pQpfp_y¨kfi^p_dπ :-(18) k]$pQpfp_y¨kfi^p_dπ :-

ApL©$r[dp¨ 55 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ k]$pQpf_y¨ hZÆ_ L$fpey¨ R>°.

(19) ep°N [pfphgu :-(19) ep°N [pfphgu :-(19) ep°N [pfphgu :-(19) ep°N [pfphgu :-(19) ep°N [pfphgu :-

Apdp¨ 29 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ ep°N_y¨ k¨rn· rhhfZ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>°.

(20) D`]°$i `¨QL$dπ - kp^_ `¨QL$dπ :-(20) D`]°$i `¨QL$dπ - kp^_ `¨QL$dπ :-(20) D`]°$i `¨QL$dπ - kp^_ `¨QL$dπ :-(20) D`]°$i `¨QL$dπ - kp^_ `¨QL$dπ :-(20) D`]°$i `¨QL$dπ - kp^_ `¨QL$dπ :-

D`]°$i `¨QL$dπ A\hp kp^_ `¨QL$dπ _pd_u _p_u A°hu L©$r[dp¨

kp^_p A¨N°_p° D`]°$i Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep° R>°.

(21) ^fiepÙ$L$dπ :-(21) ^fiepÙ$L$dπ :-(21) ^fiepÙ$L$dπ :-(21) ^fiepÙ$L$dπ :-(21) ^fiepÙ$L$dπ :-

Ap L©$r[dp¨ dp” 8 S> Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ kpnp–L$pfu Ofie Ap–dpAp°_y¨

hZÆ_ R>°.

99

(22) ∆h_ dyº[p_fi]$ glfu A\hp A_ychp_fi]$ glfu :-(22) ∆h_ dyº[p_fi]$ glfu A\hp A_ychp_fi]$ glfu :-(22) ∆h_ dyº[p_fi]$ glfu A\hp A_ychp_fi]$ glfu :-(22) ∆h_ dyº[p_fi]$ glfu A\hp A_ychp_fi]$ glfu :-(22) ∆h_ dyº[p_fi]$ glfu A\hp A_ychp_fi]$ glfu :-

Ap L©$r[dp¨ 17 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ ∆hfidyº[p°_u sı\r[ ]$ipÆhpB R>°.

(23) A_p–dÓurhNlÆZdπ :-(23) A_p–dÓurhNlÆZdπ :-(23) A_p–dÓurhNlÆZdπ :-(23) A_p–dÓurhNlÆZdπ :-(23) A_p–dÓurhNlÆZdπ :-

h•ch-]y$fiehu kyMp°_u `pR>m ]$p°X$_pfp A_° Ap–d ıhÍ$` ≈Zhpdp¨

[–`f _rl A°hp Ao ∆hp°_u t_]$p L$f[p 28 S>°V$gp Ôgp°L$p° R>°.

(24) ıhÍ$`p_ykfi^p_pÙ$L$dπ :-(24) ıhÍ$`p_ykfi^p_pÙ$L$dπ :-(24) ıhÍ$`p_ykfi^p_pÙ$L$dπ :-(24) ıhÍ$`p_ykfi^p_pÙ$L$dπ :-(24) ıhÍ$`p_ykfi^p_pÙ$L$dπ :-

Ap AÙ$L$ rhop__p•L$p_p¨ _pd° `Z ‚rkŸ R>°. [°dp¨ ApW$ Ôgp°L$p°dp¨

"Ahß ]´˜mpÒ_' A°hp rhop__y¨ rQ¨[_ fS|> L$fpey¨ R>°. A_yc|r[_y¨ op_ tQ[_ Ap

L©$r[dp¨ R>°.

(25) er[`¨QL$dπ A\hp L$p•`u_`¨QL$dπ :-(25) er[`¨QL$dπ A\hp L$p•`u_`¨QL$dπ :-(25) er[`¨QL$dπ A\hp L$p•`u_`¨QL$dπ :-(25) er[`¨QL$dπ A\hp L$p•`u_`¨QL$dπ :-(25) er[`¨QL$dπ A\hp L$p•`u_`¨QL$dπ :-

Ap–dop_u k¨fiepkuAp°_u ^fie[p_° hZÆh[p `p¨Q Ôgp°L$p° Ap

L©$r[dp¨ R>°. h•fp¡e rhje_° hZÆh[y¨ Ap ı[p°” h•fp¡e bp°^_u kp\ÆL$[p_° ‚LV$

L$f[y¨ `¨QL$ R>°.

(26) lı[pdgL$ue cpÛedπ :-(26) lı[pdgL$ue cpÛedπ :-(26) lı[pdgL$ue cpÛedπ :-(26) lı[pdgL$ue cpÛedπ :-(26) lı[pdgL$ue cpÛedπ :-

ApQpeÆÓu_p ıhriÛe lı[pdgL°$ NyfyL©$`p\u S>° 12 Ôgp°L$p°_y¨ ı[p°”

fQ°gy¨ [°_p¨ D`f_y¨ Ap cpÛe R>°.

(27) `¨QuL$fZdπ :-(27) `¨QuL$fZdπ :-(27) `¨QuL$fZdπ :-(27) `¨QuL$fZdπ :-(27) `¨QuL$fZdπ :-

`¨QuL$fZdp¨ `¨Qc|[p°_p° rhQpf L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep° R>°. `©’hu, `pZu,

[°S>, hpey, ApL$pi, A° `p¨Q [“hp° R>°. [°_p¨ b_°gp¨ ı\|m, k|ˇd, A_°

L$pfZ ifuf_p¨ Sy>]$p-Sy>]$p ‚L$pfp°\u [“hp°_p¨ rhcpN_y¨ hZÆ_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨

R>°. A_° [° `p¨Q cp•r[L$ [“h\u Sy>]$p° [°d_p° kpnu A\hp ÷Ù$p [°_° Ap–dp

L$¸p° R>°. `¨QuL$fZ_p¨ op_\u ]°$lp›epk R|>V$u ≈e R>°. A_° dp°n ‚pr· \pe

100

R>°. Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ_p riÛe kyf°fpQpeÆ° `¨QuL$fZ D`f hpr[ÆL$ f√ey¨ R>°.

k¨fiepkuAp°A° b∞˚•L$–h_p op_ dpV°$ S>Í$fu tQ[_ Ap N¤p–dL $L©$r[dp¨ R>°.

(28) [“hp°`]°$i :-(28) [“hp°`]°$i :-(28) [“hp°`]°$i :-(28) [“hp°`]°$i :-(28) [“hp°`]°$i :-

87 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ h°]$pfi[ [“h_p° D`]°$i fS|> L$f° R>°.

(29) A°L$Ôgp°L$u :-(29) A°L$Ôgp°L$u :-(29) A°L$Ôgp°L$u :-(29) A°L$Ôgp°L$u :-(29) A°L$Ôgp°L$u :-

S>° ƒep°r[ : ı[h [fuL°$ `Z Ap°mMpe R>°. A°L$ Ôgp°L$dp¨

Ap–dƒep°r[_y¨ hZÆ_ R>°.

(30) (30) (30) (30) (30) _m`m[ƒMH$_≤ :- :- :- :- :-

`p¨Q Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ dpep_p¨ ıhÍ$`_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_ R>°.

(31) (31) (31) (31) (31) ‡m°T>mZw^yoV :- :- :- :- :-

17 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ Ap–dkpnp–L$pf_u A_yc|r[ fS|> L$f° R>°.

(32) (32) (32) (32) (32) ]´ kmZmdbr_mbm :- :- :- :- :-

b∞˚op__° gN[u Ap 20 Ôgp°L$p°_u gOyL©$r[ R>°.

(33) gOyhpºeh©r— :-(33) gOyhpºeh©r— :-(33) gOyhpºeh©r— :-(33) gOyhpºeh©r— :-(33) gOyhpºeh©r— :-

D`qfr_q]Æ$Ù$ hpºeh©r—_p° kpf 18 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ fS|> L$f° R>°.

(34) r_hpÆZd¨S>fu :-(34) r_hpÆZd¨S>fu :-(34) r_hpÆZd¨S>fu :-(34) r_hpÆZd¨S>fu :-(34) r_hpÆZd¨S>fu :-

bpf S>°V$gp¨ Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ ApL©$r[dp¨ dp°n_y¨ ıhÍ$` kd≈Ïey¨ R>°.

* Óu cpNh[ r_q]Æ$Ù$ N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* Óu cpNh[ r_q]Æ$Ù$ N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* Óu cpNh[ r_q]Æ$Ù$ N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* Óu cpNh[ r_q]Æ$Ù$ N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* Óu cpNh[ r_q]Æ$Ù$ N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-

(35) (35) (35) (35) (35) _mh_wX≤Ja :- :- :- :- :- (dp°l_° cp¨N_pf l\p°X$p°) :-

d©ÿNf A°V$g° dp°Nfu L°$ l\p°X$p°. dp_hu_p¨ dp°l D`f l\p°X$p_u S>°d

‚lpf L$fu [°_° rdV$phu ]°$hp_u nd[p Ap ı[p°”dp¨ R>°.

101

[rÀdm _mh_`r‡_mX_oXam_w›_Œm^yVßOJV≤

A° `¨sº[dp¨ dp°l_u dq]$fp kdp_ ‚L©$r[ ky¨]$f fu[° ı`Ù$ L$fu R>°.

Ap L©$r[dp¨ Q`ÆV$ `¨S>qfL$p A_° ‹p]$i`¨S>qfL$p A°-b° ı[p°”p°_p°

kdph°i \pe R>°.

(36) Ap–dp_p–d rhQpf :-(36) Ap–dp_p–d rhQpf :-(36) Ap–dp_p–d rhQpf :-(36) Ap–dp_p–d rhQpf :-(36) Ap–dp_p–d rhQpf :-

S>°dp¨ Ap–d[–h_p° bp°^ R>°.

* ı[p°” kprl–e :-* ı[p°” kprl–e :-* ı[p°” kprl–e :-* ı[p°” kprl–e :-* ı[p°” kprl–e :-

A°L$bpSy> [“htQ[_\u Ïep· fQ_pAp°-ı[p°”p°, [p° bu∆ [fa

i©NpqfL$ L$Î`_ ArcÏesº[\u ‚Q|f csº[ L$pÏep°dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u cphp°–L©$Ù$[p

_ur[d—p [\p o^›ZÈoMoh© bmH$ï _p¨ kpQp `pfMy S>Zpe R>°.

Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆA° dp” byqŸipmu A_° rS>opky hNÆ dpV°$

S> N∞fi\ fQ_p L$fu _\u. `ffi[y rhrh^ ‚L$pf_p¨ csº[ı[p°”p° fQu_° kpdpfie

S>_[p_° `Z ›ep_dp¨ fpMu R>°. [°dp¨e Ap_¨]$glfu, kp•fi]$eÆglfu, _dÆ]$p,

N¨Np hN°f° _]u$Ap°_p¨ ı[p°”p° [\p rhrh^ ]°$h-]°$rhAp°_p¨ ı[p°”p° M|bS> ‚Qrg[

bfiep R>°. ^prdÆL$ A_° tQ[_p–dL$ ı[yr[Ap°_p¨ fQre[p [fuL°$ Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_y

ı\p_ rhriÙ$ R>°.

h°]$pfi[ ı[p°”p°_u ep]$udp¨ L°$V$gpL$ Afie ı[p°”p° `Z ÓucpNh[

Dd°f° R>°.

(37) H$mer[ƒMH$_≤

(38) XojUm_yoV©ÒVmÃ_≤

(39) oZJw©U_mZg[yOm

(40) [am[yOm

102

(41) odÓUwfQ≤>[Xr

(42) hna_rS>ÒVmÃ

"_Zrfm [ƒMH$_≤' S>°hu L°$V$guL$ L©$r[Ap°_p° `Z [°Ap° h°]$p¨[ı[p°”p°dp¨

kdph°i L$f° R>°. ≈°L°$ hp.rh.‚°.A° ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ dp_°gp ‚bp°^k|^pL$f A_°

rhÛœkl˜_p¨ _pd [\p k_–ky≈[ue `f_p¨ cpÛep°_° ÓucpNh[ rhhp] $N∞ı[

dp_° R>°.

Ap D`fp¨[ "‡[ƒMgma' _pd_p¢ [p¨r”L$ N∞fi\ `Z R>°. ÓucpNh[

bobVmqÃeVr ^mÓ` A_° Z•qgh[yd©Vm`Zr` _° ApQpeÆ_u L©$r[Ap° dp_[p _\u.

Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ _pd° 200 \u h^pf° ı[p°”p° ‚p· \pe R>°. ≈° L°$

L°$V$gp¨L$ rh‹p_p°_p¨ d[° OZp¨ b^p¨ ı[p°”p° Sy>]$p-Sy>]$p dW$pr^`r[Ap°A° f√ep

lp°e A_° `R>u\u [° Apq]$ i¨L$f_° _pd° QY$phu ]°$hpdp¨ ApÏep lp°e. ‚p°.

b°gh°gL$f115 ‚pQu_ A_° Ap^pfc|[ V$uL$pAp°_° Ap^pf° b^p ı[p°”p°dp¨\u

r_Á_rgrM[ ı[p°”p° Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u fQ_p NZph° R>°. -

(1) Ap_fi]$ glfu (2) Np°rhfi]$Ù$L$dπ (3) ]$rnZpd|r[Æı[p°” (4) ]$iÔgp°L$u

(5) ‹p]$i`¨S>qfL$p (6) cS> Np°rhfi]$dπ (7) jVπ$`]$u A_° (8) lqfduX°$.

Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ_° isº[]$unp dm°gu am ıhÍ$`° [°dZ° "kp•fi]$eÆglfu',

‚`¨Qkpf, grg[pr”i[ucpÛe, A_° Ap_¨]$glfu A°d Qpf ‚L$fZ -

ı[p°”N∞¨\p° gM°gp [°d Óu _.]°$.dl°[p dp_° R>°116.

≈° L°$ i©¨N°fu A_° L$p¨Qu L$pdL$p°qV$ dW$_p¨ Ar^`r[Ap°_y¨ L$l°hy¨ R>° L°$

b^p¨ S> ı[p°”p° ApQpeÆ i¨L$f_u S> fQ_p R>°. X$pµ. V$u.A°d.`u.dlp]°$h_π gM°

R>° L°$ A‹•[h°]$p¨[u i¨L$fpQpeÆ Bf_p¨ ı[p°”p° fQ° [°dp¨ L$p¨B Ak¨N[ _\u.

Bf‚qZ^p_ A° A‹•[ kp^_p_y¨S> A¨N R>°.

103

Ap ı[p°”p° rhrh^ ıhÍ$`_p¨ R>°117. ı[p°”p°_° ıhÍ$`_u ÷rÙ$A° `p¨Q

rhcpNdp¨ hl¢Qu iL$pe.

(1) csº[ ı[p°”p° : ]°$Ïe`fp ndp`_ı[p°”, Afi_`|ZpÆı[p°”, L©$ÛZpÙ$L$,

chpfieÙ$L$, jVπ$`]$uı[p°”, _dÆ]$pÙ$L$ hN°f°.

(2) h•fp¡e bp°^L$ ı[p°”p° : h•fp¡e `¨QL$dπ, L$p•`u_`¨QL$d, r_hpÆZd¨S>fu,

Ap–dÙ$L$dπ.

(3) D`]°$ip–dL$ ı[p°”p° : ‹p]$i`¨SqfL$pı[p°”, Q`ÆV$`¨S>qfL$pı[p°”,

rih`fp^ndp`_.

(4) h°]$p¨r[L$ ı[p°”p° : Ap–dp$Ù$L$dπ.

(5) [p¨r”L$ ı[p°”p° : kp•fi]$eÆglfu, r”`yfky¨]$fuı[p°”, grg[p`¨QL$dπ hN°f°.

(1) csº[ `fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(1) csº[ `fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(1) csº[ `fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(1) csº[ `fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(1) csº[ `fL$ ı[p°”p° :-

kpL$pf_u D`pk_p ‹pfp `Z r_fpL$pf [fa_p° D`]°$i A_° r_]£$i Ap

ı[p°”p°dp¨ ≈°hp dm° R>°. khp•√Q A‹•[_p° D`]°$i ApQpeÆÓu Ap`[p lp°hp

R>[p [°Ap° OZp D]$pfd[hp]$u l[p. Ap\uS> [°dZ° gp°L$p°_° rhrh^ ]°$hp°

`pk_p_u k¨dr— Ap`°g. rih, rhÛœ, NZ°i, k|eÆ, ]°$hu Apq]$ ]°$hp°_u

ı[yr[ A\£ fQpe°gp ı[p°”p°_° csº[ı[p°”_u L$npdp¨ dyL$u iL$pe.118 i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨

`fdp–dp_p ]°$hu ]°$h[pAp°_p¨ rhrh^ ıhÍ$`p°_p¨ ı[p°”p° M|bS> ‚Qrg[ A_°

≈Zu[p R>°. Ap ı[p°”p°dp¨ kNyZp° pk_p_y hZÆ_ A_° ‚r[`p]$_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey

R>°. r_NyÆZp°`pk_p_p¨ A°L$ kp°`p_ [fuL°$ S> [°dZ° kNyZp°`pk_p_° D`ep°Ndp¨

gu^u R>°. kpdpfie L$np_p¨ dpZk dpV°$, Ap›eps–dL$ dpN£ ‚epZ L$fhp_p¨

`Nr\ep [fuL°$ gp°L$k¨N∞l_p¨ rkŸpfi[_° ›ep_dp¨ fpMu_° A‹•[hp]$_° R>p°X$Èp

rh_p i¨L$fpQpeÆ S>_kp^pfZ dpV°$ Ap ı[p°”p°_u fQ_p L$f° R>°, D`r_j]$p°dp¨

104

khÆÓ°õ$ b∞˚dpV°$ S>° rhi°jZp° h`fpep R>° [° S> rhi°jZp° i¨L$fpQpe£ `p°[p_p¨

ı[p°”p°dp¨ ]°$hu-]°$h[pAp° rhi° hp`epÆ R>°. (EHß$ gX≤ od‡m ]h˛Ym dXp›V) [°Ap°

rhÛœ A_° rih_p¨ Í$`_u [p° hmu dlpr”`yf ky¨]$fu_u - "`oVdaoZH$Q> lr`w∫$

Amod]©^yd ÒdJwUd•VCXmaï eßIMH´$m„OhÒVï' A°d L$l°_pfp i¨L$f Afie” A°L$

ı[p°”dp¨ ÓuL©$ÛZ_u cph`|ZÆ ı[yr[ L$f° R>° -

"^O d´O°H$_ S>Zß g_ÒV [m[I S>Z_≤ $&

Òd^∑VoMŒmaÏOZß gX°dZ›XZ›XZ_≤ $&&

gwo[¿N>Jw¿N>_ÒVHß$ gwZmXdUwhÒVH$_≤ $&

AZãaãgmJaß Z_mo_ H•$ÓUZmJa_≤ $&&'

A_°

"_ZmOJd©_mMZß odembbmbbmMZß'

S>°hp Ap ı[p°”dp¨ edL$, A_y‚pk, D`dp, Í$`L$ Apq]$ Ag¨L$pfp°\u

d¨qX$[ cpjpdp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆA° ÓuL©$ÛZ_y¨ S>° iÂ]$ rQ” D`kpÏey¨ R>°. [° [°d_u

csº[_u kp\° kp\° BÛepÆ D`S>° [°hp rQ”p–dL$ L$pÏede L$Î`_p_y¨ ∆h¨[

‚dpZ R>°.

ky‚rkŸ "]°$Ïe`fp^ndp`_ı[p°”'dp¨ `Z [°d_u "Hw$[wÃm Om`V

∑doMXo[ Hw$_mVm Z ^doV' - ‹pfp [uh∞ `Z dp[p_° T¨M[p bpmL$_u S>°d

ApQpeÆ N]π$N]π$ L¨$W°$ dp[p_° L$f°gp A`fp^p°_u ndpepQ_p L$fu rh_h£ R>°. Ap

ı[p°”_p¨ ‚pNV$È kÁbfi^°119 A°L$ qL$ıkp° _p¢^pe°gp° R>°. L$pÌduf ep”p hM[°

budpfuhi kph r_bÆm Ahı\pdp¨ [°Ap° A°L$ `u`mp_p TpX$ _uQ° Apfpd

gB f¸p l[p. –ep¨ kpd°\u 16 hjÆ_u Np°hpgZ dp\° ]$lv_u dV$L$u d|L$u

_uL$mu. i¨L$fpQpeÆ_° `°V$dp¨ ]$pl \[p° l[p°, S>° W$pfhp ]$lv g°hp_u B√R>p\u

105

[°Zu_° bp°gphu. Np°hpgZuA° L$¸y¨ - "l° ]¨$X$u k¨fiepku, [d° Alv Aphp° [p°

]$lv Ap`ui'. i¨L$fpQpe£ L$ y - "lz L°$hu fu[° Aphy ? lz Aiº[ Ry>¨.' Np°hpgZ

bp°gu - "≈° [dpfpdp¨ isº[ _\u [p° isº[d[_y¨ M¨X$_ L$fhp iy¨ _uL$˛ep R>p°?

Np°hpgZ_p S>hpb\u i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ op_Qny M|gu Nep ! –epf\u rih A_°

isº[_p Ac°]$_u ‚[ur[ \B. A° kde° ] ° $hu_u ndpepQ_p_y ¨

"]°$Ïe`fp^ndp`_ ı[p°”' ‚NV$Èy¨.

D–L$V$crº[cph ]$ipÆh[y¨ "Afl`|ZpÆı[p°”' dp¨ `Z [°Ap° ]°$hu kdn

k¨`|ZÆ Ap–dkd`ÆZ L$fu dp[p∆_u L$ ©`pepQ_p L$f ° R> °. Apdp¨ -

XÏ`[amYj_m[Z ı[p°” ^dm›`Ô>H$ hN°f°, i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u dp[©csº[_p¨ S>hg¨[

D]$plfZp° R>°. S>°_p° L°$V$gp¨e Ly$Vy$Ábp°dp¨ r_–e ı[h_`pW$ \[p fl° R>°.

"rhÛœ`p]$pq]$L°$ipfi[ hZÆ_', "rih`p]$pq]$L°$ip¨[ - hZÆ_ h-dp¨

i¨L$fpQpeÆ ]°$h[pAp°_p¨ _MriM A¨N-‚–e¨Np°_y¨ hZÆ_ L$f° R>°. ]°$hu ]°$h[pAp°_p¨

hZÆ_ ‹pfp i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `fp–`f L•$hÎe kdp¨ EHß$ [aß VmaH$]´˜Í$[ß _u ı[yq[

L$f° R>°. - chpfieÙ$Lπ$dp¨ dp¨ chp_u_u ‚p\Æ_p L$f[p¨ ApQpeÆ- "JoVÒÀdß JoVÒÀdß

Àd_H$m ^dmoZ' L$lu_° ]°$hu ]°$h[pAp°_u 8 Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ cqº[cph`|hÆL$ ı[yr[ L$f°

R>°. L$pfZ L°$ [°Ap° ÿY$`Z° ApkhÆ ]°$hp°dp¨ b∞˚_π _p¨ S> rhrh^ ıhÍ$`p°_° r_lpm°

R>°. L•$hgp‹•[ h°]$pfi[u ApQpeÆ ]°$hu-]°$h[pAp°_u ı[yq[ L$fu [°dp¨ A°L$S> `fd

[“h_p¨ NyZqæ$ep_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_ \[y k|Qh° R>°.

(2) h•fp¡e`fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(2) h•fp¡e`fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(2) h•fp¡e`fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(2) h•fp¡e`fL$ ı[p°”p° :-(2) h•fp¡e`fL$ ı[p°”p° :-

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ L°$V$gp¨L$ ı[p°”p°dp¨ h•fp¡e `f cpf d|L°$ R>°. Ap ◊rÙ$A°

dp_rkL$ `rh”[p gphhp d__° rhje rhdyM L$fhp_p° ‚e–_ h•fp¡e ‹pfp S>

\B iL°$ A_° h•fp¡e eyº[ d_dp¨ S> ip˜_p¨ Óyr[hQ_p° ◊Y$d|g \B iL°$.

106

d°amΩ`[ƒMH$_≤, H$m°[rZ [ÉH$_≤, Y›`mÔ>H$_≤ S>°hp ı[p°”p° dydyny_p¨ dp_kdp¨

h•fp¡e_y¨ buS> fp°`hp_y¨ L$pd L$f° R>°.

_ybß Vamï H$db_ml`›Vï

[moU¤`ß ^m∑Vw__ßÃ`›Vï &

H$›Wmo_d lr_o[ Hw$Àg`›Vï

H$m°[rZd›Vï Ibw ^mΩ`d›Vï $&&

op_‚pr· A_° Ap–dp_yc|r[_p¨ kp^_Í$` A°hp h•fp¡eiug dpZk_°

cp¡ehp_ L$¸p° R>°.

(3) D`]°$ip–dL$ ı[p°”p° :-(3) D`]°$ip–dL$ ı[p°”p° :-(3) D`]°$ip–dL$ ı[p°”p° :-(3) D`]°$ip–dL$ ı[p°”p° :-(3) D`]°$ip–dL$ ı[p°”p° :-

ApopL$pfu k|fdp¨ ApQpeÆÓu S>_kpdpfie_° ‚°fZp–dL$ D`]°$i Ap`°

R>°.

]y$r_ep]$pfudp¨ X|$b°gp gp°L$p°_° i¨L$f A°d_p¨ L°$V$gpL$ ı[p°”p° ‹pfp ku^p°S>

D`]°$i R>°. S>°_p¨ ¤mXe[ƒOnaH$m A_° M[©Q>[ƒOmnaH$m ı[p°”p° [°_y _p¢ `p” ÷Ù$pfi[

R>° - d|Y$dr[_° Y¨$Y$p°mu A_° rhh°L$ h•fp¡e ‚°fhp_u NS>b_u [pL$p[ Ap ı[p°”

^fph° R>°. `pZu_p¨ `f`p°V$p S>°hu L$pep_y¨ L$ÎepZ kp^hp_p° S>_kp^pfZ D`]°$i

R>°. d_yÛe ∆h_ `f`p°V$ph[π R>° l° d|Y$dr[ dp°l_p° `X$]$p° _lv `Z `lpX$ R>°.

Ap\u ApQpeÆ ”Z ”Z hpf Np°th]$_° cS>hp L$l° R>°.

^O Jmod›Xß ^O Jmod›Xß - Jmod›Xß ^O _yT>_V

‡m· go›ZohV _aU Z oh Z oh ajoV Sw>H•$ƒH$aU $&& Q.`¨.^∞yh`]$

(4) (4) (4) (4) (4) M[©Q>[ƒOnaH$m ÒVmà :-:-:-:-:-

A°L$ hM[ ApQpeÆÓu rcnp dpV°$ L$p°B _Nfdp¨ rhQf[p l[p –epf°

–ep¨ L$p°B h©Ÿ b∞p˚Z ÏepL$fZ ip˜_p° ‚pf¨c L$fu ^p[y_p¨ Í$` Np°M[p° l[p°.

ApQpeÆÓuA° Ap ı[p°”_p¨ `l°gp Ôgp°L$dp¨ h©Ÿ_° D]π°$iu_° L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ -

107

""lh° [pfy¨ dfZ kdu`dp¨ Aph°gy¨ lp°hp\u [pfp¨ ∆hp–dp_y¨ Ó°e

L$fhp_p° ‚e–_ L$f. [y¨ ÏepL$fZ_p¨ AÊepk_p° `qf–epN L$fu `fdp–dp_y¨ ›ep_

L$fhp_p° ‚e–_ L$f l° d|Y$ byqŸhpmp ! dfZ kdu`dp¨ Aph° –epf° ÏepL$fZ

[pfy¨ fnZ _tl L$f°. Np°rhfi]$_° cS>, Np°th]$_° cS>, Np°th]$_° cS>. Apd

i¨L$fpQpe£ "^O Jmod›Xß' iÂ]$p°_y¨ ”Z hpf Apop`|ZÆ L$\_ L$eyØ Alv h©Ÿ_u d|Y$

Ahı\p ]|$f L$fhp ‚e–_ L$ep£.' hmu Afie A°L$ Ôgp°L$dp¨

""Aãß, JobVß [obVß _wßS>ß, XeZodhrZß OmVß VwßS>_≤ $&

d•’m `moV J•ohÀdm X S>ß, VXo[ Z _wƒMoVAmemq[S>_≤ $&&'' Q.`¨.-6

[p° hmu ºep¨L$

""oXZ_o[ aOZr gm`ß ‡mVï oeoea dg›Vm° [wZam`mVï $&

H$mbï H´$sS>oV J¿N>À`m`wÒVXo[ Z _w߃MoVAmemdm`wï $&&'' Q.`¨.-1

Alv L$pm_u r_–eæ$d dyS>b Qpg[u fd[ hZÆhu R>°. q]$hk `R>u

fp[, A_° fp[ `R>u q]$hk, kpe¨L$pm, ‚p[:L$pm A_° F>[yAp°_y¨ ApNd_

‚–epNd_ Ap b^y r_–epæ$d dyS>b Qpgy¨ S> fl° R>°. L$pm_p° ‚hpl Ap `yÛ`_°

OkX$u ≈e R>°. Apd R>[p¨ d|Y$ dp_hu L$p¨B kdS>[p° _\u. Apd Ap chfp°Nu

dpNÆ c|g°gp dp_hu_° dp_hu_° L$V$pndpe bp°^ R>°.

[wZao[, OZZß [wZao[ _aUß [wZao[ OZoZ OR>ae`Z_≤ $&

Bh gßgma Ibw XwÒVma, H•$[`m@[ma [moh _wama $&& Q.`¨.-8

drg_ NcpÆhı\pdp¨ dp[p_p¨ D]$fdp¨ L$Ù$ `pd[p° ∆h ‚cy_° ‚p\Æ_p

L$f° R>° L°$ - ""l° dyfpqf ! dpfp `f L©$`p L$fu dpfy¨ fnZ L$fp°'' ApQpeÆÓu L$l°

R>° L°$ - Ap d_yÛe ]°$l [_° ‚p· \ep° R>°. –epf° lh° [y ‚cy_y¨ ıdfZ L$f,

`fdp–dp_y¨ ›ep_ ^f A_° Apip[©ÛZp_p° –epN L$f. ≈° A–epf° S> [y¨ Ap

108

‚dpZ° L$fi° [p° S>fid dfZ_u OV$dpmpdp¨\u dyº[ \i°. L°$hp° Ap]$iÆ A_°

k_p[_ ∆h_ ∆hhp dpV°$_p° D`]°$i R>° ! Apd L$lu ApQpeÆÓu Np°th]$_y¨

cS>_ L$fhp_y¨ dlp–Áe kd≈h° R>° :-

H$m@hß H$ÒÀdß Hw$V Am`mVï H$m _ OZZr H$m _ VmVï $&

BoV [na^md` gd©_Òmmaß gd™ À`∑Àdm ÒdflZodMma_≤ $&& Q.`¨.-12

H$m V H$m›Vm H$ÒV [wÃï gßgmam@`_Vrd odoMÃï $&

H$mÒ` Àdß H$ï Hw$Vï Am`mVÒVÀdß qMV` _Zog ^´mVï $&& ‹p]$i `¨.-3

Alv ApQpeÆÓu ∆hp–dp_° [°_p¨ ıhÍ$` op__p° D`]°$i Ap`° R>°,

A_° ∆h_° Ap–drhQpf_p¨ dpN£ hpm° R>°. Ap b^y¨ S>° _pdÍ$`hpmy¨ S>N[

]°$Mpe R>° [° [y¨ _\u, [y¨ A°_p\u rhgnZ Ap–dp R>°. dp-bp`, ˜u-`y”

hN°f° Ly$Vy$ÁbuS>_p° iy¨ [pfp r_–e_p¨ k¨Np\u R>° ? Ap b^p ]°$l_p¨ kb¨^p° R>°,

]°$l rhge \[p¨ Ap k¨b¨^p° _Ù$ \i°. [y¨ ≈Z[p° `Z _\u L°$ [y¨ ºep¨\u ApÏep°

R>° A_° ºep¨ S>hp_p° R>° ? Ap b^y¨ S> ıh‡_h[π rd’ep R>°. dpV°$ S>° L$p¨B

Ar_–e R>° [°_p° –epN L$f. r_–e-Ar_–e h√Q°_p° c°]$ kd∆ g° A_° Ap

ÿÌep S>N[_p¨ rd’epıhÍ$`_p° [pfp d_dp¨ rhQpf L$f.

Alv Ap ı[p°”dp¨ h•fp¡e`fL$ ıhÍ$`op__p° d_yÛe_° Ad|Îe D`]°$i

ApQpeÆÓuA° Ap‡ep° R>°.

Apd Ap Q ÆV$`à>qfL$p ı[p°” D—d ı[p°”p°dp¨_y A°L$ R>°. Alv Np°th]

_pd ‹pfp i¨L$fpQpeÆ° `p°[p_p Nyfy_° Adf A¨S>rg Ap`u R>°. Ap ı[p°”

A‹•[h°]$p¨[ dpNÆ]$riÆL$p Í$` R>°. $[p° "oedm[amYj_m[Z' ı[p°”dp¨ kde A¨N°_u

N¨cuf Q°[hZu i¨L$fpQpeÆ D√Qpf° R>°.

109

Am`wZ©Ì`oV [Ì`Vmß ‡oV oXZß `moV j`ß `m°dZß

‡À`m`mp›V JVmï [wZZ© oXdgmï H$mbm OJÿjH$ï $&

b˙_rÒVm`Vaã^ãM[bm od⁄wÉbß OrodVß

VÒ_m›_mß eaUmJVß eaUX Àdmß aj ajmYwZm $&& - 13

Ap›eps–dL$ dpNÆ `f Qpghp S>_ kpdpfie_° ‚°fZp–dL$ D`]°$i

i¨L$fpQpeÆA° L$pÏedebp_udp¨ Ap‡ep° R>°. "dXmoZÀ`_Yr`VmßVXwoXVßH$_©ÒdZw>r`Vmß'

Alv Ap`Z_° D`r_j]$π_y¨ `°gy¨ ky‚rkŸ hpºe "CoV>V, OmJ´V ‡mfl` damZ≤

oZ]mYV'- (Arise, Awake and stop not till the goal is reached-ıhpdu

rhh°L$p_¨]$) ep]$ ApÏep rh_p fl°[y¨ _\u120.

(4) h°]$p¨r[L$ ı[p°”p° :-(4) h°]$p¨r[L$ ı[p°”p° :-(4) h°]$p¨r[L$ ı[p°”p° :-(4) h°]$p¨r[L$ ı[p°”p° :-(4) h°]$p¨r[L$ ı[p°”p° :-

h°]$p¨r[L$ ı[p°”p° fkpeZS>°hp¨ R>° S>° [yrÙ$ A_° `yrÙ$ bfi_° Ap`° R>°.

Ap¨[qfL$ ip¨r[ A_° k¨[p°j_u kp\°kp^L$_° ∆h_ ‚–e°_p° [ps“hL$ ArcNd

L°$mhhpdp¨ klpec|[ \pe R>°. khp£√Q A‹•[_p° D`]°$i Ap`[p i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆

]$piÆr_L$ k¨[ l[p. [°d_p ]$piÆr_L$ ı[p°”p°A° cpf[ue tQ[_ A_° kprl–e

D`f JX$u R>p` `pX$u R>°121.

i¨L$fpQpeÆ L°$hm D`]°$iL$S>_\u cpf[_p¨ dlp_ [“hh°—p R>°.

‚ı\p_”eu `f_p¨ cpÛep° ‹pfp A‹•[ rkŸp¨[ ‚r[hpq]$[ L$fu [°Ap° ky‚rkŸ

bfiep. lh° Ap rkŸp¨[_u `pÆc|rd `f [°dZ°L°$V$gp¨L$ ı[p°”p° `Z f√ep. S>°dp¨

"AmÀ_mÓQH$_≤', "AmÀ_[ƒMH$_≤', "oZdm©U_߃Oar', "fQ≤>[Xr ÒVmÃ' - S>°hp ı[p°”p°

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ A‹•[rkŸpfi[_° M|bS> cÏe fu[° r_Í$`° R>°. Alv - csº[ A_°

op__p° k¨ep°N [\p L$dÆ dpNÆ_p° –epN L$fu rihifZ g°hp_u kgpl kp^L$ dpV°$

≈°hp dm° R>°.

110

ðbm∑`gma ha _mjmW™ Hw$È oMŒmd•oŒm_oIbm_›`°ÒVw- qH$ H$_©o^ï

(oedm[amYj_m[Z ÒVmÃ.12)

kp^L$_° ip[ A_° Ar_–eh√Q°_p° c°]$ "jVπ$`]$uı[p°”' _u d]$]$\u

D`]°$i° R>°. S>°d [f¨N kdy÷_p° R>°, kdy÷ [f¨N_p° _rl, A°d ∆h b∞˚_p° R>°

A°d L$l°hpe b∞˚ ∆h_p° R>° A°d _rl. A°V$g°

g_w–m o¤ VaßJï ∑dMZ g_w–m Z Vaãï $& (fQ≤>[Xr. 3)

‚ı\p_”eu `f_p¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ cpÛedp¨ A°d_p° dyøe D]π$ °i

kmZm›_mjï R>°.Ap rkŸp¨[ [°d_p¨ ı[p°”p°dp¨ kfm A_° kyfi]$f ArcÏesº[ `pÁep°

R>°. rh‹p_p° A_° kp^pfZ S>_kdy]$pe bfl° dpV°$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ Ap ı[p°”p°

A°L$kfMp¨ fp°QL$ R>°. S>°dp¨ op_, csº[ A_° ›ep__p° k¨Nd R>°.

(5) [p¨r”L$ ı[p°”p° :-(5) [p¨r”L$ ı[p°”p° :-(5) [p¨r”L$ ı[p°”p° :-(5) [p¨r”L$ ı[p°”p° :-(5) [p¨r”L$ ı[p°”p° :-

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ [p¨r”L$ ı[p°”p°dp¨ "kp•fi]$eÆglfu'122 _y¨ ı\p_ A_p°My¨

R>°. S>Nfidp[p_p¨ QfZ° A`ÆZ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°gy¨ Ap A°L$ khp£—d csº[ L$pÏe

R>°. A_° Óurh¤p_p¨ D`pkL$p° dpV°$ Ap A–e¨[ Ap]$pf`p” L$pÏe R>°. Ap ı[p°”dp¨

[p¨r”L$ ‚[uL$p°_p° blp°mp° D`ep°N L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep° R>°. Ap D`fp¨[ "_ßÃ_mV•H$m',

oÃ[wagw›XarÒVmÃß, "bobVm[ƒMaÀZÒVmÃ' B–epq]$, i¨L$fpQpeÆfrQ[ Afie [p¨r”L$

ı[p°”p° R>°.

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ glfuL$pÏep° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ glfuL$pÏep° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ glfuL$pÏep° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ glfuL$pÏep° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ glfuL$pÏep° :-

ı[p°” L$pÏe_p° S> A°L$ ‚L$pf glfuL$pÏe R>°. i¨L$fpQpeÆ D`fp¨[

A‡`e]$urn[ A_° `¨qX$[fpS> S>Nfi_p\° `Z "glfu' _pd° ı[p°”p°_y¨ kS>Æ_ L$eyØ

R>°. Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ _pd° ”Z glfuAp° ‚rkŸ R>°. glfu ı[p°”_p¨ L$[©–h

k¨b¨^u Óu fpdL$rh rhrh^ d[p° Ap`° R>°123. ≈° L°$ b°gh°gL$f kp•]$eÆ glfu_°

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_uS> dp_° R>°124.

111

(1) gm°›X`©bhar (AmZ›X bhar)

(2) AmZ›X bhar - bKw

(3) oedmZ›X bhar

kp•fi]$eÆglfu A_° Ap_fi]$ glfu ipº[ı[p°” [\p rihp_fi]$glfu

i•hı[p°” L$l°hpe R>°.

(1) kp•fi]$eÆ glfu :-(1) kp•fi]$eÆ glfu :-(1) kp•fi]$eÆ glfu :-(1) kp•fi]$eÆ glfu :-(1) kp•fi]$eÆ glfu :-

ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ L$pÌduf r_hpk ]$fÁep_ Ap ı[p°”_u fQ_p \B lp°hp_y

d_pe R>°. i¨L$fpQpeÆA° L$f°gu fQ_pdp¨ Ap ı[p°”_y¨ AN∞ud ı\p_ R>°. 100

S>°V$gp Ôgp°L$p°_u i©Mgpdp¨ ÓuQæ$_p flıe, ipº[dpNÆ_p° h•q]$L$ ‚L$pf kdepQpf

‹pfp i¨L$fpQpeÆ cº[p°_° isº[`|≈_y¨ dl–h kd≈h° R>°.

Ap glfu _p¨ b° cpN R>°. 1 \u 40 Ôgp°L$ ky^u_p° cpN Ap_fi]$

glfu (A\hp b∞˚glfu) A_° 41 \u 102 ky^u_p° cpN "kp•fi]$eÆ glfu'

(A\hp i©¨Npf glfu) [fuL°$ Ap°mMpe R>°125.

‚\dcpN (Ôgp°L$-1 \u 40) dp¨ "Ap_¨]$glfu'dp¨ b∞˚deu ]°$hu

isº[_y ıhÍ$`, [p¨r”L$ kp^_p_y dl–h, isº[eyº[ rih, rih-isº[ ıhÍ$`,

]°$hp°_u qæ$episº[_p° Ap^pf ]°$hu, drZ‹u`dp¨ ip°cpedp_ rQ]$p_¨]$glfu,

jVπ$Qæ$p° _° c°]$u_° klˆpf`⁄dp¨ rih kp\° rhlf[u ]°$hu, L¨y$X$rg_u ıhÍ$`p,

Óue¨”, ÓuQæ$ Í$`° ]°$hu_y¨ Apk_, ˜uhiuL$fZ, rhrcfl Qæ$p°dp¨ rhfpS>[y¨

]°$huQfZL$dg, rih-rihp_p° AM¨X$ k¨b¨^, ep°N-›ep_, kpeyƒe‚pr·,

]°$hu_u Apop\u rih ‹pfp k©rÙ$ kS>Æ_, [yfue D`pk_p, AÙ$ d|r[Æ ıhÍ$`p

]°$hu hN°f°_y¨ [pr“hL$ r_Í$`Z \ey¨ R>°.

q‹[ue cpN "kp•fi]$eÆglfu'_p¨ (Ôgp°L$-41 \u 102) dp¨ cNh[u

r”`yfpkyfi]$fu_p¨ A¨N‚–e¨N_y¨ _MriM hZÆ_ R>°. A¨r[d ]$k°L$ `¤p°dp¨

112

L$pfyŒed|r[Æ]°$hu_u k°hp ‚pr·_p¨ D`pe, ]°$hu_y [ps“hL$Í$` A_° csº[_y dlp–Áe

A_° `fb∞ ıhÍ$`p]°$hu_y Apg°M_ R>°126. S>°dp¨ `]°$`]°$ i¨L$f_u Arc_h L$Î`_p

[Í$rN[ \pe R>°.

(2) rihp_¨fi]$glfu :-(2) rihp_¨fi]$glfu :-(2) rihp_¨fi]$glfu :-(2) rihp_¨fi]$glfu :-(2) rihp_¨fi]$glfu :-

rhrh^ R>¨]$p°dp¨ 100 `¤p°dp¨ rih_u cÏeı[yr[ L$fhpdp¨ Aphu R>°.

cNh]π$csº[ kp\° d__p° k¨b¨ , csº[ ıhÍ$`, csº[ dl–Áe, d__y ıhÍ$`,

rih–h, csº[-rih_u ifZpNr[, `fdp–dp_° ˘]$e kd`ÆZ, khp£—d

csº[ep°N, cº[-cNhp__p° Arh_pcprh k¨b¨^, A`fp^ ndpepQ_p hN°f°

‹fp rih_u b∞˚fy`[p `p•fprZL$ L$\pk¨L°$[p° ‹pfp rkŸ L$fu R>°. oZ^©` EH$ Ed

odhaÀ`mZ›Xgm›–m ^dmZ≤ (Ôgp°L$-34) S>°hp i•hpNdp°_p¨ ‚dpZ ‹pfp i¨L$fpQpeÆ

`p°[p_p L°$hgp‹•[_p¨ rkŸp¨[_° rih‹•[ kp\° ≈°X°$ R>°. Agma gßgma oZO^OZXya

OS>oY`m $&

rihL©$`p rkhpe dysº[_p° L$p°B dpNÆ _\u -

H$m dm _wo∑VnaVï Hw$Vm ^doV MpÀH®$ ‡mW©Zr`ß VXm $& (Ôgp°L$ -33)

rihcsº[_y¨ A¨r[dgˇe dp°n R>°. A°d L$lu.

kpfy‡e, kpdu‡e, kpgp°ºe A_° kpeyƒe Aphu Qpf

`fdp–dc|r[_u L$npAp° [°dZ° b[phu R>°.

""H$Î`mUt Xd Jm°aro‡` __ H$odVmH$›`mH$mß Àdß J•hmU $&&''

(ri.g.Ôgp°L$-98)

(3) Ap_fi]$glfu :-(3) Ap_fi]$glfu :-(3) Ap_fi]$glfu :-(3) Ap_fi]$glfu :-(3) Ap_fi]$glfu :-

Ap_fi]$glfu _pdL$ gOyı[p°” L©$r[dp¨ riMqfZu R>¨]$dp¨ Ly$g 20 `¤p°

R>°. [°dp¨ ]°$hu chp_u_u ı[yr[ R>°. ]°$hu›ep__p° drldp A_° D`pk_p csº[

]$ipÆh[u Ap `¨sº[Ap° Sy>Ap° -

113

"Ò_ana[m`©XVÒ`°ú`™ Vd OZoZ gm°^mΩ` _oh_m' (16) A_°

"^dÀ`mï gßJÀ`mï \$bo_oV M H$Î`moU H$b`' (17)

Ap rh^p_p° ‹pfp rih_y A•ÚeÆ ]°$huk¨N [°dS> ]°$hu-kp•cp¡e_p° ‚[p`

R>° A°d r_Í$`° R>°. i¨L$fpQpeÆ ]°$hu chp_u_° "`fb∞˚drlju' A_° dysº[buS>

ıhÍ$`° fS|> L$f° R>° - gÀ`ß _w∑V]rOß Àd_og [a]´˜_ohfr.

* ApQpeÆÓu_u Afie N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_u Afie N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_u Afie N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_u Afie N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-* ApQpeÆÓu_u Afie N∞¨\ fQ_pAp° :-

(1) AÂ]mÔ>H$_≤

(2) AdYyVfQ≤H$

(3) H$m_mjrÒVmÃ_≤

(4) H$mb^°admÔ>H$_≤

(5) H$mbrH$mÒVÃ_≤

(5) H$merodúZmWÒVmÃ_≤

(6) H•$ÓUmÔ>H$_≤

(7) g_mÔ>H$_≤

(8) JãmÔ>H$_≤

(9) JUÌmmÔ>>H$_≤

(10) Jm`Ãr^mÓ`

(11) JwȇmVï Ò_aU_≤

(12) Jwd©Ô>H$

(13) JmqdXmÔ>H$_≤

(14) Jm°S>[mXr[_mßSy>∑`H$mnaH$m^mÓ`

(15) OJfimoWÒVmÃ_≤

(16) OJfimWmÔ>H$_≤

(17) oÃ[wa gw›Xar_m Zg[yOm

(18) oÃ[wagw›XarÒVmÃ_≤

(19) oÃdUrÒVmÃ_≤

(20) ‡[ßMmgma_≤

(21) ‡]mYgwYmH$a

(22) ]•˜Zm_mdbr

(23) ^•Jwd·[oZfX^mÓ`≤

(24) _R>mÂZm` AmoX odMmaï

(25) _mh_w‘Ja

(26) aKdmÔ>H$_≤

(27) daXJUeÒVmÃ_≤

(28) odkmZZm°H$m

114

(3) grg[pt”i[u cpÛe :-(3) grg[pt”i[u cpÛe :-(3) grg[pt”i[u cpÛe :-(3) grg[pt”i[u cpÛe :-(3) grg[pt”i[u cpÛe :-

grg[pr”¨i[u cpÛe isº[ D`pk_p_p° ‚r[`p]$L$ N∞\ R>°127. cNh[u

grg[p_p¨ 300 _pdp° `f Ap cpÛe R>°. ApQpeÆÓu S>N]¨$bp_p¨ grg[p ıhÍ$`_p¨

D`pkL$ l[p. Ap N∞¨\dp¨ D`r_j]π$ [\p [¨”p°_p¨ ‚dpZp° krl[ Sy>]$p Sy>]$p

_pdp°_u Ïepøep L$fhpdp¨ Aphu R>°.

]$rnZpd|r[Æ ı[p°” :-]$rnZpd|r[Æ ı[p°” :-]$rnZpd|r[Æ ı[p°” :-]$rnZpd|r[Æ ı[p°” :-]$rnZpd|r[Æ ı[p°” :-

NyÍ$Í$` rih_° "]$rnZpd|r[Æ' L$l° R>°. [° Í$`° Ap ı[p°”dp¨ [°_y¨ ı[h_

L$f°gy¨ R>°. "]$rnZpd|r[Æ' iÂ]$_p° kpdpfie A\Æ "]$rnZ [fa d|r[Æ A°V$g°

]$rnZprcdyM Apk_° b°W°$gp¨' A°hp° \pe R>°. [“h_u ◊rÙ$A° `Z A°_p bu≈

A\Æ \pe R>°. NyÍ$ ]$rnZpd|r[Æ_u D`]°$iı[yr[ A]π$cy[ A_° rhgnZ R>°.

ApQpeÆÓuA° A° rhj° _uQ°_p¨ Ôgp°L$dp¨ ky¨]$f A_° d_p°fd rQ” fS|> L$eyØ R>°.

oMÃß dQ>Vam_y©b, d•’mï oeÓ`m JwÈ`w©dm $&

JwamÒVw _m°Zß Ï`mª`mZß oeÓ`mÒVw oN>›Zgße`mï $&& - 12

hV$h©n _uQ° "]$rnZpd|r[Æ' Nyfy ]$rnZprcdyM Apk_° b°W°$gp R>°.

riÛep° h©n R>° A_° Nyfy eyhp_ R>°. Nyfy_y¨ Ïepøep_ "dp•_' R>°. A_° [°

Ïepøep_\u riÛep°_p¨ b^p k¨iep° ]|$f \pe R>°.

Alv h•Mfu hpZu_p° D`ep°N L$fhdp¨ ApÏep° _\u. L$pfZ L°$ b∞ rh¤p

A° A°hy¨ N|Y$, N¨cuf flıede [“h R>° L°$ hpZu ‹pfp [°_p° D`]°$i L$fhp° Aiºe

R>°. "`Vm dmMm oZdV©›V A‡mfl` _Zgm gh' $& b∞˚_y¨ ıhÍ$` d_ A_° hpZu\u

ANÁe R>°, A° [–h Ar_hQÆ_ue R>°. hpZu Nd° [°hu q]$Ïe A_° ‚cphipmu

lp°e [p° `Z ApMf° [p° A° A°L$ depÆq]$[ kp^_ R>°. A_° Aphp dpeÆq]$[

kp^_ \u AdepÆq]$[ A_¨[ A°hp b∞˚[“h_p° bp°^ \B iL°$ _rl. hpZu L$f[p¨

115

dp•_ h^pf° isº[ipmu R>°, `f¨[y Ap dp” hpZu_y¨ dp•_ _\u, d__y¨ dp•_ R>°.

d_ ƒepf° hpk_pfql[ A_° sı\f b_° R>° –epf° [° Ap–dprcdyM \pe R>°.

dp•_ rh_p kdpr^ iºe _\u. A_° kdpr^ ‹pfpS> Ap–dp_y¨ q]$Ïe]$iÆ_ \B

iL°$ R>°. Ap fu[° ApQpeÆÓu Alv op__u khp£√Q> c|rdL$p_y¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fph° R>°.

ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ L°$hgp‹•[ rkŸp¨[_p¨ kpfc|[[“hp° Ap ı[p°”_p¨

]$iÔgp°L$dp¨ k¨N∞rl[ \ep R>°. Ap ı[p°” `f ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ `fdriÛe

kyf°fpQpeÆ° "dp_kp°Îgpk' _pd_y¨ hpr[ÆL$ `Z f√ey¨ R>°.

* kdunp :-* kdunp :-* kdunp :-* kdunp :-* kdunp :-

‚pQu_ h•q]$LeyNdp¨ Ap `R>u `yfpZeyNdp¨ A_° –epf`R>u_p¨

L$pÏeeyNdp¨ ı[p°”p° fQhpdp¨ ApÏep i¨L$fpQpe£ h•q]$L$ k¨ıL©$r[_u rhQpf^pfp_°

A_ykfu_° S> Ap ı[p°”p° f√ep R>°. Ap ı[p°”p° rhriÙ$ ‚L$pf_p¨ R>°. Ap ı[p°”p°dp¨

kfm i•gu, d^yf`]$phrgAp° R>°. Ap\u Ap ı[p°”p° csº[`|ZÆ A_° cph‚^p_

R>°. ƒepf° L°$V$gp¨L$ rhQpf ‚^p_ R>°. op__p¨ ALÆ$ kdp_ Ap ı[p°”p° N|Y$ A_°

flıede lp°hp\u `fdp–dp_y¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fph° R>°. csº[ı[p°”p° [p° A_°L$p°A° f√ep

R>°. `f¨[y op_ A_° csº[_p° kdfihe L$f[p ı[p°”p° [p° dp” ApQpeÆÓuA° S>

f√ep R>°. hmu kprl–e_u ÷rÙ$A° L$]$pQ d|ghuA° [p° `Z, ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ Ap

ı[p°”p° L$p°B`Z L$rh_u fQ_p L$f[p¨ D[f[u `¨sº[_p¨ _\u. L°$V$gpe ı[p°”p°

kp]$p, kfm A_° ‚pkpq]$L$ lp°hp\u gp°L$∆c° L¨$W$ı\ \B fd[p¨ ≈°B iL$pe R>°.

R>¨]$, [pg A_° geb›^[p_u kp\° d_p°lf `]$phrg dy¡^ L$f° R>° S>° ky¨]$f fu[°

NpB iL$pe [°hp R>°.

h•q]$L$^dÆdp¨ F>rjAp° ]°$h[pAp°_° hX$ugrd” [fuL°$ A`_ph° R>°. Óu

i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ ]°$h[pAp°_° dlpisº[ipmu A_° `p°[p_° [ÿ_ r_:klpe ıhÍ$`°

r_Í$`° R>°. cNhÿNu[p_p° V_d eaUß J¿N> gd©^mdZ ^maV$& k¨]°$i ≈Z° amuc|[

116

\[p° Alv S>Zpe R>°. F>¡h°]$dp¨ aº[ hfyZ]°$h `pk°S> F>rj ndp‚p\Æ_p epQ°

R>° ƒepf° i¨L$fpQpeÆ gNcN b^pS> ]°$h-]°$huAp° `pk° A`fp^ b]$g ndpepQ_p

Qpl° R>°.

NZ°iı[yr[dp¨ [°Ap°Óu NZ°i_° [amÀ[a [fuL°$ hZÆh° R>° [p°, `p¨Xy$f¨N

ı[p°”dp¨ H°$dÎ`_Hß$ Vwar`ß, [p° hmu Óufpdı[yr[dp¨ EHß$ [aß VmaH$]´˜È[ß L$lu

‚p\£ R>°. L$pfZL°$ [°Ap° Ap [dpd ]°$h-]°$huAp°_u ı[yr[ ‹pfp `fdp°√Q k–e

A\hp b∞˚_p¨ S> rhrh^ ıhÍ$`_u ı[yr[ L$f° R>°. `p°[p_p glfu L$pÏep°dp¨

ApQpeÆi¨L$f csº[_p¨ `qfh°idp¨ ıhL$ue L$pÏep]$iÆ `Z r_]£$i° R>°.

B.k._u ApW$du-_hdu k]$udp¨ ‚p]y$c|Æ[ \e°gp i¨L$fph[pf Óu

i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆dp¨ `p¨qX$–e_u kp\° L$rh–h_p° `Z A_y`d ep°N ≈°hp dm° R>°.

]$iÆ_-[“hop_ S>°hp N¨cuf A_° S>qV$g n°”dp¨ `Z [°d_u iÂ]$ ky¨]$f[p,

A\ÆfÁe[p, L$Î`_p_u L$d_ue[p, fk-ArcÏesº[ dp_hd__° Ap_¨]$\u

Arcc|[ L$fu ]°$ R>°. op_dpNw lp°hp R>[p¨ csº[fk\u cf`|f [°d_p ı[p°”p°

hp¨Qu Ap›eps–dL$[p_u kp\° hpQL$hNÆ Ap_¨]$\u T|du DW°$ R>°. ı[p°” kprl–edp¨

[°d_p Ap ı[p°”p° Ag¨L$pf–_p° R>°. N¨cuf [\p L$qW$_ rhje_° `Z [°dZ°

gp°L$p°qL$[Ap°_p D`ep°N A_° ÿÙ$pfi[p° hX°$ [°dZ° [°d_u i•gu_° ‚kfl N¨cuf

L$lu R>°128.

hpQı`r—rdÓ ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ k¨b¨^dp¨ L$l° R>° L°$ [°d_u hpZu

N¨NpS>m_u S>°d `rh” L$fhphpmu R>°. rd[pnfu `¨sº[Ap°dp¨ A\Æ_p° M≈_p°129

cf[p ApQpeÆÓu_u fQ_pAp° dpV°$ Óu dp^hpQpe£ "i¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e' dp¨ [°d_°

A\£ ‚i¨kp_p¨ `yÛ`p° h°epÆ R>°. kfm—d iÂ]$p°dp¨ D√QrkŸp¨[p°_y¨ ‚r[`p]$_

[\p D`eyº[ L$f°gp rhriÙ$ iÂ]$‚ep°Np° [°d_u iÂ]$kd©qŸ A_° iÂ]$k¨ed_p°

117

A°L$S> `]$dp AprhÛL$pf b[ph° R>°. R>]$ A_° AgL$pf `f_y [°d_y ‚cy–h [°d_pdp

L$p°B q]$Ïe‚°fZp\u ‚°qf[ L$rh [fuL°$_y¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fph° R>°.

earagwIß VWm dm H$bÃß

`eúmÈ oMÃß YZß _ÈVwÎ`_≤ $&

_Zú›Z bΩZß JwamaS>≤ïoY´[mX∂

VVï qH$ VVï qH$ VVï qH$ VVï oH$_≤ $&& NyhÆÙ$L$dπ-1

dprdÆL$ fu[° ]y$fiehu `]$p\p£_u Akpf[p_° hZÆhu R>°. L$]$pQ cp¡e°S>

L$p°B L$rhA° ApV$gu kp\ÆL$[p `|hÆL$ ge_p° ‚ep°N L$ep£ li°. L©$ÛZpÙ$L$,

Afi_`|ZpÆÙ$L$, chpfieÙ$L$, Q`ÆV$`¨S>qfL$p,jVπ$`]$u hN°f° Ap_p D—d D]$plfZp°

R>°. kycprj[ S>°hp kfm[d D`]°$i hpºep° Ar[ ‚Qrg[ bfiep R>°. [°d_p°

Ap D`]°$i L$pfi[pk¨rd[ fu[° ‚ur[`|ZÆ gpN° R>°. L¨$W$ı\ L$fu iL$pe [°hu Ap

D—d `]$phrgAp° Bf‚–e°_u csº[cph_u kp\° ≈Z° L$l°[u lp°e L°$ -

ÒVmÃÍ$[U d˙`mo_ `Xw∑Vß gyÃ^mÓ``mï $&

^dï gÀ`m ^dm o_œ`m ^O Jmod›X_d M $&&

Alv Óufphm kpl°b_p¨ iÂ]$p° V$p¨L$hp DrQ[ gpN° R>° - ""S>° dpZk

`N\u ]$p°X$u S>hp kd\Æ lp°e [°_° O|¨V$rZe° Qpghy¨ ip°cpı`]$ _\u130''

A¨[dp¨ L$lu iL$pe L°$ Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ_u hpZu_u d^yf[p_° hZÆh[u

dp^hue rbf]$phgu131 ‚rkŸ R>°. ""d^° `p°[p_u d^yf[p h°Qp[u Ap`u, ÷pn

c°V$ [fuL°$ Ap`u R>°; `Z i°fX$u_° [p° A° hpZuA° eyŸdp¨ `fprS>[ L$fu_° [°_u

`pk°\u d^yf[p bgp[π R>u_hu gu^u R>°. Ad©[° `p°[p_u d^yqf[p gp°L$p° Qp°fu

S>i° A°hp ce\u i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u hpZudp¨ \p`Z [fuL°$ d|L$u R>°''. i¨L$fpQpeÆdp¨

hpXπ$dp^yeÆ_u k¨`r— A°V$gu Aÿc|[ R>° L°$ [°dp¨ byqŸ_° iyŸ L$fhp_y¨ kpd’eÆ `Z

R>°. Ap\u S> L$rh ‚p\Æ° R>° L°$ - ]w’ï ew’`° ^dVw ^JdÀ[mXoXÏ`mo∑VYmam $&

118

1:2 Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_y¨ k¨fiepk ∆h_1:2 Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_y¨ k¨fiepk ∆h_1:2 Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_y¨ k¨fiepk ∆h_1:2 Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_y¨ k¨fiepk ∆h_1:2 Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_y¨ k¨fiepk ∆h_

* Nyfy-riÛe `f¨`fp ::-* Nyfy-riÛe `f¨`fp ::-* Nyfy-riÛe `f¨`fp ::-* Nyfy-riÛe `f¨`fp ::-* Nyfy-riÛe `f¨`fp ::-

-ï- JwÈÒVwoV ï-

]´˜mZ›Xß [a_gwIXß H$dbß kmZ_yoV©_≤ $&

¤›¤mVrVß JJZ g‘eß VŒd_Ò`moX b˙`_≤ $&&

EHß$ oZÀ`ß od_b_Mb gd©Yrgmjr^yV_≤ $&

^mdmVrVß oÃJwUmaohVß gX≤JwÈß Vß Z_mo_ $&& 1 $&&

-:: ApQpeÆ_u Nyfy`f¨`fp :--:: ApQpeÆ_u Nyfy`f¨`fp :--:: ApQpeÆ_u Nyfy`f¨`fp :--:: ApQpeÆ_u Nyfy`f¨`fp :--:: ApQpeÆ_u Nyfy`f¨`fp :-

dy¨X$L$p°`r_j]π$dp¨ NyÍ$`f¨`fp hZÆh[p L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ :-

< ]´˜m XdmZmß ‡W_ ï gÂ^wd, odúÒ` H$Vm© ^wdZÒ` JmaVm $&

g ]´˜od⁄mß gd©od⁄m ‡oV> _W©dm` ¡`>[wÃm` ‡mh≤ $&&132

- (JwÈ [aÂ[am)

ApQpeÆ i¨L$f_u Nyfy`fÁ`fp ≈°BA°[p° Ap Nyfy`fÁ`fpdp¨ rhÛœ -

rih - b∞˚p - hrkõ$ - isº[ - `fpif - iyæ$ - Np•X$`p]$ - Np°rhfi]$`p]$

- i¨L$fpQpeÆ A°d _pdp° dm° R>°.

Zmam`Uß [Ÿ^dß dog>>ß eo∑Vß M VÀ[wà [ameaß M $&

Ï`mgß ewHß$ Jm°S>[mXß_hm›Vß Jmod›X `mJr›– _WmÒ` oeÓ`_≤ $&&133

A° dyS>b i¨L$fpQpeÆ Np°rhfi]$`p]$_p¨ riÛe A_° Np•X$`p]$_p¨ ‚riÛe

R>°. ≈° L°$ "Óurh¤pZÆh' _pd_p [¨”N∞¨\dp¨ Np•X$`p]$ A_° i¨L$fpQpeÆ h√Q°

Np°rhfi]$`p]$ `|h£ _p¨ bu≈ Qpf pdp° Ap`°gp R>°. ≈° L°$ Nd° [° fu[° ≈°[p¨

i¨L$fpQpeÆ Np°rhfi]$`p]$_p¨ ri$Ûe l[p¨ A° r_rhÆhp]$ R>°. rhÏep`u rhc|r[ [fuL°$

[°d_y¨ ı\p_ _p¢^`p” R>°134.

119

(1) Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(1) Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(1) Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(1) Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(1) Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ :-

[“hop__p¨ A›ee_dp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ `|hÆNpdu ApQpep£_y¨ A›ee_

AphÌeL$ R>°135. i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ `|hÆNpdu h°]$pfi[ rhQpfL$p° `•L$u Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ A°L$

AN–e_p¨ rhQpfL$ R> °. `fÁ`fp A_ykpf Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨

(B.k.788-820) `fdNyfy R>°. Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ_p¨ riÛe Np°rhfi]$pQpeÆ R>° A_°

i¨L$fpQpeÆ Np°rhfi]$pQpeÆ_p riÛe R>°. V$u.A°d.`u. dlp]°$h_π "`fdNyfy iÂ]$_y¨

A\ÆOV$_' dlp_ ]$piÆr_L$ ApQpeÆ A\hp khp£—d ApQpeÆ L$f° R>°. Ap iÂ]$p°\u

- A\Æ OV$_p°\u b¨fl° h√Q°_p° Nd° [°V$gp¨ hjp£_p° Npmp° iºe \B iL°$ R>°. Ap

A\Ædp¨ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_° Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ_p¨ A›ep–d`p•” L$lu iL$pe136.

Apd Nyfy-riÛe_p¨ kÁbfi^_° L$pfZ° i¨L$fpQpeÆ Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ_p¨

h•QpqfL$ bpb[p°dp¨ F>Zu \pe A° ıhpcprhL$ R>°. Ap bpb[_u ı`Ù$[p hpky]°$h

AÊe¨L$f Ap ‚dpZ° L$f° R>° :-

H$mnaH$mgw `X≤ Jm°S>[mXmMm`©_o^‡Vß V¿N>âamMm`©°ï ‹doZV_≤ $&

`X≤ Jm°S>[mXmMm`£ï ‹doZVß V¿N>âamMm`ï ‡oV[moXV_≤ $&

`X≤ Jm°S>[mXmMm`£ï ‡oV[moXVß V¿N>âamMm`ï gmoYV_≤ $&

`X≤ Jm°S>[mXmMm`£ï gmoYVß V¿N>âamMm`£ï og’m›VV`m‡oV>mo[V_≤ $&&137

i¨L$fpQpeÆ `fdNyf y Np •X $`p]$pQpeÆ_p ° Dâ°M "g‡Xm`odV≤,

dXm›VmW©g‡Xm`odXmMm`©'138 A°hp dp_hpQL$ iÂ]$p°\u L$f° R>°. bfl° ApQpep£_u

]$piÆr_L$ rhQpf^pfpdp¨ ^œ¨ kpÁe R>°. Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ_p° ‚cph i¨L$fpQpeÆ D`f

kpfp ‚dpZ dp¨ R>°. `ffi[y b¨fl° ApQpep£_p¨ N∞fi\p° `f\u b¨fl°_p¨ ]$piÆr_L$

rkŸpfi[p°dp¨ L°$V$gp¨L$ A¨i° rcfi_[p A_° rhjd[p `Z ≈°hp dm° R>°139. R>[p¨

`Z r_rhÆL$pf Ap–d_u "`fd[–h' [fuL°$_u ıhuL©$r[dp¨ b¨fl° ApQpep£ h√Q°

120

A•ºe R>°140. [p° [°d_p¨ ]$piÆr_L$ rhQpfp°dp¨ fl°gp¨ kpÁe, h•jÁe `qfh[Æ_p° L°$

rcfi_[pAp° rhi° i¨L$fpQpeÆ° `p°[p_u qagk|audp¨ Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ_p¨ ]$piÆr_L$

rhQpfp°_p° kdfihe kp^[p¨ `p°[p_u ◊rÙ$A° ƒep¨ ƒep¨ AphÌeL$[p gpNu –ep¨

–ep¨ ep°¡e hmp¨L$ Ap`u `qfh[Æ_p° L$epÆ R>°.

A‹•[h°]$pfi[_u Nyfy `fÁ`fp A_ykpf Np•X$`p]$, Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ Nyfy

Np°rhfi]$pQpeÆ_p¨ Nyfy l[p. A°L$ `fÁ`fp A_ykpf [°d_p\u A‹•[ h°]$pfi[_p°

dp_h k¨‚]$pe iÍ$ \pe R>°. Np•X$`p]$_y¨ ]$iÆ_ D`r_jÿ$p°_p¨ rkŸpfi[_y¨ khÆÓ°õ$

A_° e\p\Æ ‚r[`p]$_ R>°. [\p dyøe[: dpŒX|$ºe, b©l]$pfŒeL$, [\p R>pfi]$p•¡e¨

D`r_j]π$ `f Ap^pqf[ R>°. Np•X$`p]°$ b∞˚k|” A_° Nu[p_p° ApÓe `Z gu^p°

R>°. ıhe¨ i¨L$f Np•X$`p]$_° [y¡`mo^[y¡` `fdNyfy L$l° R>°. i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ]$p]$pNyfy

Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ_p° Dâ°M L$ep£ rkhpe i¨L$fpQpeÆ _° kdS>hp A |fp¨ NZpe i¨L$f_p¨

riÛe kyf°fpQpeÆ `Z [°d_° "`|ƒeNp•X$' L$l° R>°. i¨L$f° dpŒX|$ºe D`r_j]π$

D`f_u Np•X$`p]$ue L$pqfL$pf_p° `f V$uL$p gMu R>°. L$pqfL$pAp° 215 R>°. Ly$g 4

‚L$fZdp¨ ApL$pqfL$pAp° hl¢Qpe°gu R>°.

(1) ApNd ‚L$fZ :- Óyr[, ‚dpZ, [LÆ$ ‹pfp d|m dpŒX|$ºe_u Ïepøep.

(2) h•[’e ‚L$fZ :- S>N[_y¨ rd’ep–h

(3) A‹•[ ‚L$fZ :- A≈[hp]$_y¨ ı\p`_.

(4) Agp[ip¨r[ ‚L$fZ :- S>N[_y¨ ıhÍ$` dpep asÎ`[ R>°, d__p¨ Ïep`pf°

L$fu [°_u k—p [\p d__p¨ r_fp°^ hX°$ [°_p° Acph S>Zpe R>°. ‚`¨Q_u D–`r—

[\p ge b¨fl° c∞psfi[S>_L$ R>°. hı[y[: A°L$ S> `fdp–dp_u `pfdpr\ÆL$ k—p

R>°.

121

-:- A≈r[hp]$ :--:- A≈r[hp]$ :--:- A≈r[hp]$ :--:- A≈r[hp]$ :--:- A≈r[hp]$ :-

ApQpeÆ Np•X$`p]$ A≈r[hp]$_p¨ V°$L°$]$pf R>°. S>N[ rd’ep R>°,

`fdp\Æ[: [° D–`fl \ey ¨ S> _\u. [“h k[π R> ° dpV ° $ AS> R> °.

EVŒmXwV_ßgÀ`ß`ÃoH$pƒMfiOm`V (Jm°.H$m.3/48) i|fiehp]$_p¨ A≈[hp]$_° Alv

V°$L$p° dm° R>°. k©rÙ$ L°$hm c∞psfi[ R>°. Np•X$`p]°$ dp” Óyr[ ‹pfp S> _tl [LÆ$ ‹pfp

`Z A≈[hp]$ rkŸ L$ep£ R>°. gV≤ [p° ‚\d \u S> R>°. [°\u [°_u D–`r— \B

iL°$ _rl A_° AgV≤ _u L$]$u D–`r— iºe _\u. AgV≤ [p° d›‹`m[wà L°$

AmH$me[wÓ[ kdp_ R>°. Ap\u A≈r[hp]$ k–e R>°.

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u [–hop__u k—p”eu_u rhcph_p_p° Dâ°M A”°

Aı\p_° _lv NZpe :- Ap ”Z k—p (1) ‚pr[cprkL$ (2) ÏephlprfL$

A_° `pfdpr\ÆL$ k—p_° Np•X$`p]$pQpeÆ (Np•. L$p. 4, 56,57, 73, 74).

k¨h©r—k–e (k¨h©r— k—p) `f[fi” k–e (`f[fi” k—p) A_°

`fdp\Æ k–e (`fdp\Æ k—p) Ap "”Z k–e' _° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u "”Z A‹•[-

k—p' kp\° kfMphu iL$pe.

Apd b¨fl° ApQpep£ h√Q°_p° kÁbfi^ `fdNyfy A_° riÛe_p° R>°,

`ffi[y riÛe `p°[p_p¨ `fdNyfy_u rhQpf^pfp\u `p°[p_u rhQpf^pfpdp¨ L$p°B`Z

a°fapf _ L$fu iL°$ A\hp `p°[p_u ıh[¨” rhQpf^pfp ‚dpZ° _hp° hmp¨L$ _

Ap`u iL°$ A°d khÆkpdpfie rh^p_ L$fu _ iL$pe141. riÛe_° Nyfy_u rhQpf^pfp

L$f[p rcfi_ rhQpf^pfp ^fphhpdp¨ L$iy¨ bp^L$ \[y¨ _\u. hmu i¨L$fpQpeÆA°

b∞˚k|”,D`r_j]π$p° A_° cNh]π$Nu[p D`f cpÛep° f√ep¨ R>° A°V$gy¨ S> _rl

[°dZ° dpŒX|$ºe L$pqfL$p D`f `Z cpÛe gøey¨ R>°142.

122

A‹•[ h°]$p¨[_p° rkŸp¨[dp¨ kp•\u h^pf° Ap]$frZe Ap rkŸp¨[_p¨

ıhfy`_u JX$u R>p` i¨L$f_p¨ A¨[fdp¨ `X$u l[u. [°_° Ap^pf° [°dZ° A‹•[d[_u

ı\p`_p L$fu.

- Z nZamYm Z MmÀ[oVZ© ]’m Z M gmYH$ï $&

Z _w_wjwZ© ]° _w∑V BÀ`fm [a_mW©Vm $&& ‡H$. 2 - 32.

(2) Np°th]$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(2) Np°th]$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(2) Np°th]$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(2) Np°th]$`p]$pQpeÆ :-(2) Np°th]$`p]$pQpeÆ :-

""ANf l• op_ L$p° `p_p, [p° Nyfy L$p ≈ ifZ cpB143''

Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ Nyfy Np°th]$`p]$ _dÆ]$p[V$_p¨ r_hpku l[p b∞˚r_õ$

Nyfy_p¨ Í$`dp¨ ApQpeÆÓu_° [°Ap°A° k¨fiepk ]$unp Ap`u - Qpf h°]$ Ap^pqf[

- Qpf dlphpºep°_p° bp°^ Ap‡ep°, Np°th]$`p]$pQpeÆ_u øepr[_° L$pfZ° _dÆ]$p_p°

[° qL$_pfp° Np°th]$h_ ıhÍ$`° `Z Ap°mMp[p° i¨L$fpQpe£ [°d_u `pk°\u h°]$p¨[_p¨

flıep° ≈Œep. A_° NyfyA° [°d_° ‚ı\p_”eu `f cpÛe gMhp_p° Ap]°i

L$ep£.

(3)(3)(3)(3)(3)lr eßH$amMm`©_WmÒ` [Ÿ[mXß M hÒVm_bH$ß M oeÓ`_≤ $&

Vß VmQ>Hß$ dmoV©H$H$ma_›`mZÒ_X≤ JwÈ g›VV_mZ VmoÒ_ $&& 2 $&&

riÛe k¨‚]$pe :-riÛe k¨‚]$pe :-riÛe k¨‚]$pe :-riÛe k¨‚]$pe :-riÛe k¨‚]$pe :-

Nyfy_p Ap]°$i dyS>b b∞ k|” `f cpÛe gøep `R>u rhrh^ ip˜p°dp¨

`pf¨N[[p ‚p· L$epÆ `R>u Ap bpm i¨L$f ‚ı\p_ ”eu `f_p cpÛe_°

L$pfZ° ApQpeÆ `]$hu `pÁep. ApQpeÆ Óu i¨L$f L°$V$gp°L$ hM[ Óu i•g

`hÆ[ `f f¸p `R>u Np•L$ZÆ n°”dp¨ ”Z q]$hk f¸p –ep¨ lqfi¨L$f _pd_p

n°”dp¨ S>B `R>u d|L$p¨rgL$p _pd_p ]°$hu_p d¨q]$fdp¨ ApQpeÆ Óu `^pepÆ

A_° –ep¨\u Óuhrg_pd_p Apif° b° l≈f b∞p˚Zp°_u hı[uhpmp Npddp¨

123

Nep. –ep¨ A_°L$ ip˜p°dp¨ `pf¨N[, eo`fpeZ ‚cpL$f _pd_p° A°L$

b∞p˚Z fl°[p° l[p°. [°_° [°f hj_p° ky]$f ƒep°r[dÆe dyMpL©$r[hpmp° ©’hu]$f

_pd_p° `Z dy¨Np°, Np¨X$p S>°hp° `y” l[p°. Ap bpmL$_u khÆ lL$uL$[

ApQpeÆÓu A° ≈Zu `R>u ApQpeÆÓuA° [° bpmL$_p dı[L$`f lp\ d|L$u

`|Rπ>ey¨, "H$ÒÀdß oeem H$Ò` Hw$Vm@og JßVm qH$ Zm_ V VŒd_≤ Hw$V AmJVm@og

$& EVX≤ dX Àdß __ gw‡og’ß _À‡rV` ‡roVoddY©Zm@og &'* l° bpmL$ [y

L$p°Z R>°? L$p°_° R>°? ºep¨\u ApÏep°? ºep¨ S>hp_p° R>°? [pÍ$ _pd iy R>°? [_°

≈°B_° dpfp ˘]$edp¨ ‚°d Dcfpe f¸p° R>°. ‚Ì_ kp¨cm[p¨ S> bpmL$ L°$

S>° d| ¨Np° l[p° [° bp°ghp gp¡ep° ""Zmhß _ZwÓ`m Z M X°d`jm Z

]´m˜UjoÃ`d°Ì`ey–mï $& Z ]´˜Mmar Z J•hr dZÒWm o^jwZ©Mmhß oZO]mYÈd[ï

&'' lz¨ d_yÛe ]°$h L°$ en _\u. b∞p˚Z, nr”e, h•Ìe L°$ iy÷ _\u.

b∞˚Qpfu, N©lu, h_ı\u L°$ rcny _\u. Ap–d ıhÍ$`_y¨ Aphy¨ e\p\Æ

hZÆ_ kp¨cmu i¨L$fpQpeÆ kd∆ Nep L°$ L$p°B ‚pL©[S>_ Aphy¨ _ lp°e

`p°[p_p i°j L$pep£ ‚≈mhp `©’hu `f Aph°g Ap L$p°B dlp–dp S> lp°e.

[°_p r`[p_° i¨L$fpQpeÆ° L$¸y¨ L°$ [°_° ky^pfhp_u S>Í$f S> _\u Ap `y” [p°

dpfp L$pd_p° R>° [° d_° kp¢`u ]$p°. A_° r`[pA° Ap bpmL$_° i¨L$f_p

lp\dp¨ kp¢‡ep°. i¨L$fpQpe£ A–e¨[ ‚kfl[p `|hÆL$ [°_° k¨fiepk Ap‡ep°.

A°_° Ap–dıhÍ$`_p° A_ych l\°mudp¨ fpM°g Apdmp S>°hp° [pÿi l[p°

[°\u ApQpeÆÓuA° [°_y¨ _pd hÒVm_bH$144 fpøey¨. [°Ap° S>fidrkŸ op_u

`yÍ$j l[p.

i©¨N°fu Npddp¨ A–e¨[ ip¨[, rh_eu, AÎ`cpju, k°hpcphu rNqf

_pd_p° A°L$ _hp° ApQpeÆÓu_p° riÛe \ep°. ip˜A›ee_ ‚–e° [°_° L$p°B

124

rhi°j Í$rQ _ l[u. [° [p° Nyfyk°hp dp¨ S> khÆ `epÆ· R>° A°d kdS>[p°.

"gdmY_©[a_JhZm mJrZm_fl`JÂ`ï' A°hy [p° c©[lqf (r_r[.-58 dp¨)$ `Z

L$l° R>°. A°L$ q]$hk rNqf ApQpeÆÓu_p h˜p° ^p°hp _]$uA° Nep°. A›ee__p°

kde \hp ApÏep°. lp°hp R>[p¨ [° ApÏep° _lp°[p°. –epf° Afie riÛep°_°

A›ee_ dpV°$ [–`f ≈°B ApQpeÆÓuA° rNqf_p Aphhp_u fpl ≈°ep L$¸y¨.

Ap kp¨cmu `⁄`p]°$ r[fıL$pf`|hÆL$ rNqf_u d≈L$ L$fu. `⁄`p]$_p° Ap

NhÆ D[pfhp [\p Nyfyk°hp A_° Nyfycsº[_p° ‚cph ]$ipÆhhp ApQpeÆÓuA°

`p°[p_u isº[_p° k¨Qpf rNqfdp¨ L$ep£. Ap\u rNqf_° b∞˚rh¤p_u klS>dp¨

‚pr· \B. Aop_ ]|$f \ey¨. [°Z° `p°[p_y¨ Ap–dop_ ky¨]$f [p°V$L$ R>¨]$dp¨

Nyfy kdn fS|> L$eyØ [° `f\u [°_y¨ _pd [p°V$L$pQpeÆ145 `X$Èy¨. A_° [°_u

dyøe riÛep°dp¨ NZ_p \B.

A‹•[ h°]$p¨fi[_p Br[lpkdp¨ A–e¨[ ‚rk›^ kyf°QpeÆ_y N©lı\pÓd_y

_pd d¨X$_rdÓ l[y¨. `l°gp [p° [°Ap° Ly$dpqfg cÀ$_p riÛe l[p. hedp¨

[°Ap° ApQpeÆÓu L$f[p OZp dp°V$p l[p. A_° `l°g°\uS> ^yf¨^f dudp¨kL$

rh‹p_ [fuL°$ rhøep[ l[p. `Z `pR>m\u i¨L$f_y¨ riÛe–h ıhuL$peyØ.

ApQpeÆÓu `p°[p_p riÛep° kp\° dprlÛd[u Nep –ep¨ d¨X$_rdÓ kp\°_p

ip˜p\Æ_p A¨[° d¨X$_rdÓ `fpƒe `pÁep. `qfZpd° if[ A_ykpf [°Ap°

i¨L$f_p riÛe b_hp [•epf \ep. [°dZ° A‹•[h°]$pfi[_y¨ k–e N∞lZ L$eyØ.

i¨L$f° [°d_° ]$unp Ap`u A_° kyf°f A°hy¨ _pd Ap‡ey¨. Ap kyf°f_y¨

buSy>¨ _pd rhÍ$` `Z R>°.

ApQpeÆÓu_p dyøe Qpf riÛep°dp¨ A°L$ `⁄`p]$pQpeÆ l[p. i¨L$fpQpeÆ

ƒepf° L$piu Ne°gp –epf° Qp•g ‚]°$i_p `Z L$piu Ne°gp rhÛœidpÆ _pd_p

125

A°L$ eyhp__° i¨L$f_p ‚\d riÛe \hp_y¨ k]π$cp¡e kp¨`X$Èy¨. [°_y¨ d|m_pd

k_¨]$_ l[y¨. [° ApQpeÆÓu_p° dp_u[p° riÛe l[p°. Afie riÛep° [°_u

A]°$MpB L$f[p L$p°B A°L$ hM[ ƒepf° Afie riÛep° kp\° k_¨]$_ _]$u

qL$_pf° ı_p_ L$fhp Nep° –epf° ApQpeÆÓuA° [°_° ep]$ L$fu [f[ S> `p°[p_u

`pk° Aphhp Apop L$fu. Ap hM[° L$p°B ≈[_p° rhQpf L$epÆ hNf k_¨]$_

_]$u_p `pZu `f Qpghp gp¡ep° A_° L$l°hpe R>° L°$ _]$u_p `pZudp¨ A°

hM[° [°_p `Ng° `Ng° L$dm Mugu EW$Èp. Ap\u A°_y¨ _pd `⁄`p]$

fpMhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. Alv kpfÍ$` L$r\[Ïe A°d NZu iL$pe L°$ Nyfy_u lpL$

`X$[p¨ S> ^kdk[p N¨Np_p¨ ‚hpldp¨ ÓŸp_p¨ bm° L|$]$u `X$_pf riÛe L$p¨W°$

r_rhƬ_° n°dLy$im `lp¢Q° R>° S>°dp¨ [°_u A_fie Nyfycsº[_p¨ ]$iÆ_ \ep

rh_p fl°[p _\u. Jwa^mdï [aßVrW™, A›`VrW©oZaW©Hß$146 Ap `⁄`p]$

ApQpeÆÓu_p° ‚\d riÛe NZpe R>°.

ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ Ap Qpf riÛep° `⁄`p]$, kyf°f, lı[pdgL$ A_°

[p°V$L$ _° ≈°B_° gp°L$p° [°d_° ^dÆ, A\Æ, L$pd A_° dp°n Ap Qpf yfyjp\p£_u

A\hp F$H$≤, `Owg≤, gm_ A_° AWd© A° Qpf h°]$p°_u qL≠$hp gmȯ, gm_rfl`,

gmÈfl` Z gm`w¡` Ap Qpf æ$ddp°np°_u hp b∞˚p_p¨ Qpf dyMp°_u L°$ Q[ycyÆS>

rhÛœ¨_p¨ ıhÍ$`_u D`dp¨ Ap`hp gp¡ep.

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ riÛep°A° fQ°gp¨ N∞¨\p° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ riÛep°A° fQ°gp¨ N∞¨\p° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ riÛep°A° fQ°gp¨ N∞¨\p° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ riÛep°A° fQ°gp¨ N∞¨\p° :-i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ riÛep°A° fQ°gp¨ N∞¨\p° :-

i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ dyøe S>° Qpf riÛep° l[p (1) lı[pdgL$ (2)`⁄`p]$

(3) kyf°f (4) [p°V$L$pQpeÆ.

Ap Qpf°e riÛep° Ar[ byqŸipmu A_° op_u [°dS> `rh” l[p.

gp°L$p° [°d_u ‚–e° Ap]$fcph fpM[p. rh‹p_p° [°d_u dyº[L¨$W°$ ‚i¨kp L$f[p.

126

A°L$ q]$hk ApQpeÆÓu_u kdu` Aphu [°Ap°Óu_° ‚Zpd L$fu_°

ipfuqfL$ cpÛe D`f hpr[ÆL$ fQhp_u B√R>p fpM_pfp kyf°f° [°Ap°Óu_°

‚p\Æ_p L$fu, "l° ‚cy, dpfp\u \B iL°$ A°hu L$p°B k°hp d_° L©$`p L$fu_°

b[php°. Nyfycsº[\u S>° ∆h_ r_NÆd_ \pe [° S> kpQy¨ ∆h_ R>°.'

ApQpeÆÓuA° [°d_p¨ A¨[:L$fZ_p° cph ≈Zu L$¸y¨ - "dpfp cpÛe `f

[d° hpr[ÆL$ fQp°.' kyf°f ‚kfl[p `|hÆL$ rh]$pe \ep `R>u `⁄`p]$,

rQ–kyM Apq]$ Afie riÛep°A° `Z ApQpeÆÓu_° L$p°B L$pd `p°[p_° kp¢`hp

rh_¨[u L$fu. hmu kyf°f° ApMp ∆h_dp¨ L$dÆ_uS> D`pk_p L$fu R>°. dpV°$

hpr[ÆL$dp¨ L$dÆd[_u R>pep ApÏep rh_p fl°i° _rl. A°d `Z [°dZ° L$¸y¨.

i¨L$fpQpe£ riÛep°_° L$¸y¨ - "kyf°f S> hpr[ÆL$ fQhp ep°¡e R>°.' `f¨[y

riÛep°_° Ap hp[ Ndu _rl. riÛep°_u `fı`f BÛepÆ ≈°B_° ApQpeÆA°

kyf°f_° hpr[ÆL$ fQhp_u _p `pX$u A_° A°L$ ıh[¨” N∞¨\_u fQ_p L$fhp

Apop L$fu, –epf° kyf°f° L$dÆdpNÆ_y¨ M¨X$_ L$f_pfp° A_° b∞˚op__u Ó°õ$[p

‚r[`p]$_ L$f_pfp° "_•ÛL$ÁeÆrkqŸ' _pd_p° ky¨]$f N∞¨\ f√ep°. Ap N∞¨\ hp¨Qu

ApQpeÆÓu Ar[ ‚kfl bfiep. A_° riÛep°_° `Z kyf°f_u dl—p

kd≈B. Ap `R>u ApQpeÆ_u Apop\u kyf°f° [•r—fue A_° b©l]$pfŒeL$

D`r_j]$p° _p¨ cpÛep° `f b° hpr[ÆL$p° f√ep¨. A_° _d∞[p A_° csº[`|ZÆ

cph° ApQpeÆÓu_° A`ÆZ L$epÆ. Ap N∞¨\p° hp¨Qu ‚kfl \e°gp ApQpeÆA°

kyf°f_° L$¸y¨ L°$ - "ipfuqfL$ cpÛe `f hpr[ÆL$ gMhp_u [dpfu B√R>p

A`|ZÆ flu R>° [° `yfu \i°. lh° `R>u ‚pfÂ^hip[π "hpQı`r[' _pd

^pfZ L$fu [d° `©’hu `f ‚NV$ \ip° –epf° "cpd[u' _pd_p° ky¨]$f r_b¨^

ipfuqfL$ cpÛe `f fQip°. [° r_b¨^ rh‹p_p°dp¨ Ar[ Ap]$f `pdi°.'

127

rh‹p_p°dp¨ A°hu dpfie[p R>° L°$ lı[dpgL°$ A_°L$ L©$r[Ap° fQu R>° `Z

‚rkqŸdp¨ ı`|lp _ lp°hp\u [°dZ° `p°[p_y¨ _pd kp\° ≈°X$Èy¨ _\u.

bpÎephı\pdp¨ Nyfy_° bpf Ôgp°L$p°dp¨ k¨cmph°gy¨ ı[p°” lı[pdgL$ı[p°”

Í$`° ‚rkŸ R>°. S>°_p `f My]$ i¨L$f° cpÛe gøey¨ R>°.

`R>u `⁄`p]°$ `Z ÓuNyfy]°$h_u Apop\u ipfufL$cpÛe D`f A°L$

V$uL$p fQu. [°_p° `|hÆcpN "[ßM[moXH$m' _pd\u A_° D—f cpN "h©r—'

_pd\u ‚rk›^ \ep°. `¨Q`p]$\u r_b¨^ \e°gu Ap V$uL$p_y¨ _pd

"rhS>eqX≠$qX$d' `pX$Èy¨. `⁄`p]°$ Ap V$uL$p ‚bfi^ Nyfy_° ]$rnZp [fuL°$

kdr`Æ[ L$ep£. A‹•[ h°]$p¨[dp¨ `⁄`p]$_y¨ ı\p_ NZ_p `p” R>°.

ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ Ap_¨]$rNqf _pd_p¨ rh‹p_ riÛe° ApQpeÆ cNhp__u

Apop ‚dpZ° ”Z°e ‚ı\p_ `f_p¨ cpÛep° `f V$uL$p gMu. S>° ""h°]$p¨[rh¤p

`f[“hr_h°]$_'' _pd° ‚rkŸ R>°. [°dp¨ 179 [p°V$L$ R>°.

Ap Qpf dyøe riÛep° D`fp¨[ krd[π`prZ, rQ]π$ rhgpk, op_L¨$]$,

rhÛœNy·, iyŸL$ur[Æ, cp_ydfurQ, L©$ÛZ ]$iÆ_, byq›^ rhf¨rQ, `p]$

iy›^pfi[, Ap_¨]$rNqf hN°f° ApQpeÆÓu_p riÛeh©fi]$dp¨ ı\p_ `pd°gp R>°.

Óurh¤pZÆhN∞¨\_° Ap^pf° ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ Ly$g 14 riÛep° l[p. S>°dp¨

`p¨Q k¨fiepku A_° 9 N©lı\u riÛe l[p147.

S>° ip˜p°_p¨ A\p£ _° A°L$W$p L$f°, ApQpfdp¨ ı\p`° A_° `p°[° `Z

ApQf° Ap ◊rÙ$A° i¨L$fpQpeÆ dpV°$ ApQpeÆ iÂ]$ e\p\ÆS> R>°.

""AmoMZmoV oh emÛmWm©ZmMma ÒWm[`À`o[ $&

Òd`_fl`mMa⁄ÒVw g AmMm`©ï ‡MjV $&&''

hmu Ap dW$p›enp° dpV°$ `Z k[[ D¤dπ A_° ‚dp]$_p° –epN,

128

`p°[p_p¨ ‚p¨[p°dp¨ `qfc∞dZ S>°hp L$W$p°f r_edp° l[p¨148.

[°Ap° `p°[° `p°[p_u `uW$_p A_yepeuAp° dpV°$ ApQfhp_p L°$V$gpL$

r_edp° A_° rkŸpfi[p° gMu Nep A_° A°hy¨ ı`Ù$ rh^p_ L$f[p Nep L°$ S>°

r_edp°_y¨ `pg_ _ L$f° [°_° Np]$u D`f\u DW$pX$u d|L$hp°. Afie\p ≈° klz

_ur[r_edp°_y¨ A_° ApQpfrhQpf_y¨ ep°¡e ApQfZ L$f° [p° [°_yy¨ Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ

S>°V$gy¨ kfidp_ L$fhy¨.

ewoMod©oOVp›–`m dXdXmãmoXodemaXï $&

`mJkï gd©emÛmUm_XmÒWmZ_mflZw`mV≤ $&&

C∑VbjUgÂ[fiï Ò`mÉ›_À[rR^mΩ^dV≤ $&

A›`Wm ÈT>[rR>m@o[ oZJ´hmh _ZrofUm_≤ $&&159

AÒ_À[rR>g_mÈT>ï [nad´mXw∫$ bjUï $&

Ah_doV odk`m "`Ò`Xd' BoV lwVï $&&150

Óu ‹pfL$p - ipf]$p `uW$ - i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `f¨`fp :-Óu ‹pfL$p - ipf]$p `uW$ - i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `f¨`fp :-Óu ‹pfL$p - ipf]$p `uW$ - i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `f¨`fp :-Óu ‹pfL$p - ipf]$p `uW$ - i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `f¨`fp :-Óu ‹pfL$p - ipf]$p `uW$ - i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `f¨`fp :-

ÒWm[H$ ï- lr Am⁄ eßH$amMm`©Or ^JdmZ

(Óu ipf]$p`uW$_p¨ f°L$XÆ$ D`f\u)

(1) lr gwaúamMm`©

(2) lr oMÀgwImMm`©

(3) lr gd©kmMm`©

(4) ]´˜mZßXVrW©

(5) ÒdÈ[m^rkmMm`©

(6) _ßJb_yÀ`m©Mm`©

(7) ^mÒH$amMm`©

(8) ‡kmMm`©

(9) ]´˜¡`mÀgZmMm`©

(10) Ao^Z›XoÃ^mdmMm`©

(11) H$bmoZoYVrW©

(12) oMX≤odbmgmMm`©

(13) od^yÀ`mZßXmMm`©

(14) Ò\y$oV©oZb`[mX

129

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(18) od⁄mVrW©

(19) oMX≤eo∑VXoeH$mMm`©

(20) odkmZúaVrW©

(21) ÈVÂ^amMm`©

(22) A_aúaJwÈ

(23) gd©Vm_wIVrW©

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(25) g_moYaogH$mMm`©

(26) Zmam`Uml_

(27) d° Hw$ R>ml_

(28) odH´$_ml_

(29) Zaqghml_

(30) Ï`Â]H$ml_

(31) d°ÓUdml_

(32) H$edml_

(33) oMXÂ]aml_

(34) [ŸZm^ml_

(35) _hmXdml_

(36) goÉXmZ›Xml_

(37) od⁄meßH$aml_

(38) Ao^ZdgoÉjl_

(39) oeoeeIaml_

(40) dmgwXdml_

(41) [wÈfmŒm_ml_

(42) OZmX©Zml_

(43) hnahaml_

(44) ^dml_

(45) ]´˜ml_

(46) dm_Zml_

(47) gd©kml_

(48) ‡⁄w_Zml_

(49) Jmod›Xml_

(50) oMXml_

(51) odúúaml_

(52) Xm_mXaml_

(53) _hmXdml_

(54) AoZÈ’ml_

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130

(59) oMX≤dZml_

(60) Z•qghml_

(61) _Zmhaml_

(62) ‡H$memZ›X gaÒdVr

(63) odew’ml_

(64) dm_Z›–ml_

(65) H°$edml_

(66) _YwgwXZml_

(67) ˆX`J´rdml_

(68) ‡H$meml_

(69) ˆXJ´rdmZßX gaÒdVr

(70) lrYaml_

(71) Xm_mXaml_

(72) H$edml_

(73) amOamOúaeßH$aml_

(74) lr_mYdVrW _hmamO

(75) em›À`mZßX gaÒdVr

(76) lr Mß–eIaml_

(77) lr Ao^ZdgoÉXmZ›X

kh¨[ 2001 S>°W$ky]$ 10 [p. 20 Sy>_ 1985 \u

Óuipf]$p`uW$p^uf i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆Í$`° Apk_pr^õ$

oed Ed JwÈï gmjmV≤ JwÈad oed ï Òd`_≤ $&

C^`ma›Vaß qH$oM›Z kmVÏ`ß _w_wjwo^ï $&$&

d_yÛe_° [°_p¨ kpQp ıhÍ$`_u Ap°mM L$pfh_pf L$p°B op_u dlp–dp_u

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ÓuL©$ÛZ° `Z L$¸y¨ R>° -

131

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132

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Z Ò[e©Àdß VWmo[olVMaU`wJ gX≤JwÈÒdr`oeÓ`

Òdr`ß gmÂ`ß odYV ^doV oZÈ_[ÒVZdm@bm°oH$H$m@o[$& &

- eVõmH$s -

133

* k¨fiepk_y¨ dl“h :-* k¨fiepk_y¨ dl“h :-* k¨fiepk_y¨ dl“h :-* k¨fiepk_y¨ dl“h :-* k¨fiepk_y¨ dl“h :-

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134

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b_hy¨. lh° k¨fiepk_p¨ L°$V$gpL$ A\p£ `f ◊rÙ$`p[ L$fuA°.

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135

cNhÿNu[pdp¨ `Z

AZmolVï H$_©\$bß H$m`© H$_© H$amoV `ï $&

g gß›`mgr M `mJr M Z oZaoΩZ Z© MmoH´$` ï $&& (Jr.6/1)

Alv r_fr¡_ A_° Aqæ$e Ap b¨fl° iÂ]$p° d_yıd©r[ A_° Afie

^dÆN∞fi\p°dp¨ hZÆh°gp "k¨fiepk' _p° r_]£$i L$f° R>°. Nu[pA° ıhe¨ ≈l°f L$eyØ R>°

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oV>À`H$_©H•$V $& Nu[p_p¨ Np_pf° bu≈ ^dÆip˜p°dp¨ `Z ]$ipÆÏey¨ R>° L°$ k¨kpf L°$

L$dp£_p° –epN L$ep£ _\u. Nu[p Afie ^dÆip˜p° L$f[p Sy>]$u fu[° L$l° R>° -

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Ap`° R>°. "L$dÆ_p¨ –epN' _p° _rl. Nu[p_p° k¨fiepk rhi°_p° rhQpf æ$psfi[L$pfu

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A_ykpf kOmp L$dp£_p° –epN A°V$g° k¨fiepk159. h•]$p°dp¨ Qp[yÆ\ ApÓd A°V$g°

k¨fiepk_y¨ Ası[–h S> _\u ‚≈[¨[y_p° D√R>°]$ L$fui _rl. ‡OmV›Vwß _m

Ï`d¿N>Àgrï, A°hy¨ h°]$hQ_ R>°160. dpV°$ ‚≈_° S>fid Ap`hp° A° D—d L$l°hpe

R>°. VÒ_mV≤ ‡OmOZZß [a_≤ dXp›V $& hmu NplÆı’e_y¨ ‚–en rh^p_ lp°hp\u A°L$

S> ApÓd R>°161. A°hy¨ Np•[dıd©r[dp¨ L$¸y¨ R>°. "Hw$d©›Zdh H$_m©oU oOOrodf¿N>Vß

g_mï-' d_yÛe° Alv eo hN°f° L$dp£ L$f[p¨ L$f[p¨ kp° hjÆ ky^u ∆hhp_u B√R>p

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A°L$ S> ApÓd_y¨ Ası[–h R>°163.

k¨fiepk iÂ]$_p° Dâ°M h°]$p°dp¨ _\u –ep¨ ıhpdu N¨N°fp_¨]$∆

k¨fiepku dpV°$ Qpfi÷cpÛe164 iÂ]$ hp`f° R>°. h•q]$L$ kprl–e_p° cpN NZp[p

b∞p˚Zp°, ApfŒeL$p°, A_° dp°V$pcpN° D`r_j]$p°dp¨ `Z k¨fiepk_p° L$p°B r_]£$i

136

_\u. D`r_j]$p°dp¨ [p° b° `–_uhpmp F>rj epohÎL$e dmu Aph° R>°. kde

`kpf \[p¨ Qpf ApÓdp°_p° øepg Í$Y$ \ep° S>°dp¨ kpdpfie S>_ ∆h_\u ]|$f

A°L$p¨[ AfŒedp¨ S>B_° fl°hp_u hp[ k¨fiepku dpV°$ Aphu.

^dÆip˜p° d. _mß _woZ, `oV, [nad´mOH$, [nadma S>°hp iÂ]$‚ep°Np° S>°

Q[y\Æ ApÓd dpV°$ ‚ep°≈e°gp¨ [° `pR>m\u kfiepk_u Ïepøep dp¨ ı\p_

`pÁep¨. Ap–d[“h_y¨ tQ[_ A_° [° ‹pfp Ap–d]$iÆ_ A° rhQpf kfiepk_p¨

d|mdp¨ l[p°. R>pfi]$p°Ne D`r_jÿdp¨ k¨fiepk_p° r_]£$i _\u. `f¨[y kpeZpQpe°Æ

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–epN L$fu, Ïesº[ k¨kpf ‚–e°_p¨ fpN\u `f b_u, AfŒedp¨ hku, k]•$h

`qfc∞dZ L$f[p° fl° [° S> kpQp° er[ A°d L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ - A°L$pL$u fl° [° er[,

≈° b° \pe [p° ey¡d b_°, ≈° ”Z \pe [p° Npd A_° Qpf \pe [p° _Nf bu

≈e. Ap\u er[A° ey¡d, Npd L°$ _Nf_y¨ r_dpÆZ L$fhy¨ ≈°BA° _rl166

er[A° À`OV≤ gdm©oU H$_m©oU dX_Hß$ Z gß›`gV≤$& A\hÆh°]$_p¨ F>rj

S>fid°gp ‚–e°L$ dp_h_° F>Zdyº[ \hp ı[yr[ L$f° R>°. [•r[fuektl[p A_°

d_yıd©r[167 F>rjF>Z, ]°$hF>Z A_° r`[©F>Z ]|$f L$epÆ rh_p dp°n‚pr· ‚e–_

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N©lı\Óddp¨\u r_Û`fl \[p ]$ipÆh° R>°168.

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N©lı\pÓd A_° hp_‚ı\dp¨\u AhÌe `kpf \hy¨ ≈°BA°169. ƒepf° ≈bpg

D`r_j]π$ A° ‚\d D`r_jÿ R>° S>°dp¨ Qpf°e ApÓdp°_p° Dâ°M R>°. A_° [°

D`r_j]π$170 b¨_° rhL$Î` Ap`° R>°. L°$ (1) Ïesº[ kOmp¨ `|hpÆÓdp°dp¨\u `kpf

137

\pe A_° (2) Ïesº[ b∞˚QepÆÓd dp¨\u ku^p° S> k¨fiepk N∞lZ L$fu iL°$171.

Ap D`r_jÿ `R>u bp°^pe_^dÆk|”, hrkõ$^dÆk|” [\p Np•[d^dÆk|”dp¨

k¨fiepk_u QQpÆ R>°172. A¨rNfp F>rj_p¨ d[p_ykpf kpf ≈°hp_u ÷rÙ$hpmu Ïesº[

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dp_° R>°174.

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L¨$BL$ Apd R>° In Geeta the renunciation in action is taught and not the

renunciation of action. Alv Ap`Z° Óyr[ A_° ıd©r[_p¨ Ap^pf° "k¨fiepk'

_p° A\Æ [\p [°_y¨ dl–h ≈°ep. lh° ApQpeÆÓu_p¨ k¨fiepk rhjeL$ øepgp° [\p

[°d_p¨ k¨fiepk ∆h__u ApNm QQpÆ L$fuA° :

138

-:: ApQpeÆ_y¨ k¨fieı[ ∆h_ ::--:: ApQpeÆ_y¨ k¨fieı[ ∆h_ ::--:: ApQpeÆ_y¨ k¨fieı[ ∆h_ ::--:: ApQpeÆ_y¨ k¨fieı[ ∆h_ ::--:: ApQpeÆ_y¨ k¨fieı[ ∆h_ ::-

k¨fiepk_u ‚bm B√R>p :-k¨fiepk_u ‚bm B√R>p :-k¨fiepk_u ‚bm B√R>p :-k¨fiepk_u ‚bm B√R>p :-k¨fiepk_u ‚bm B√R>p :-

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ° cpf[_u c|rddp¨ Ah[pf ^pfZ L$ep£ –epf° ^dp£dp¨

rir\g[p Aphu NB l[u. k¨fiepk k¨ı\p gNcN cp¨Nu `X$u l[u. Af°

k¨fiepk k¨ı\p A_° [°_p¨ L$pep£ kdpS> dpV°$ cpfÍ$` bfiep l[p. L$pfZ L°$ L$p°B

`Z fu[° blzS>_ kdpS>_y¨ cgy¨ L$fhpdp¨ [°_° fk f¸p° _ l[p°.

Aphp k¨æ$dZ_p¨ kdedp¨ ‚L$pi dpV°$ A¨^L$pf° A_° k¨[r[ dpV°$

dp[p_u ‚khh°]$_p¨A° r_rd— b_hy¨ `X°$ R>°, A°d Ap eyN rhriÙ$ `yfyj_p¨

Ah[fZ dpV°$ [–L$pgu_ eyN_p¨ [dkπ A_° h°]$_p¨ r_rd— bfiep R>°. rh_u

L°$hu hpı[rhL$[p176 !

bpm`Zdp¨ S> i¨L$fdp¨ Akpdpfie k[°S>byqŸ A_° A]π$cy[

N∞lZisº[\u h°]$Np_, ıhp›epe, ip˜QQpÆ hN°f° Í$`° dp[p-r`[p_p¨ k¨ıL$pfp°

bpmi¨L$f_p¨ dp_kdp¨ Aop[`Z° Tugpep l[p. S>° A_yL|$m[p dm[p¨ S> k–hf°

‚NV$u DW$Èp¨. h°]$-h°]$p¨N krl[ rhrh^ ip˜p° A_° ]$iÆ_p° iuMu Nyfy kdp_

rh‹p_ b_u i¨L$fpQpeÆ ıhe¨ rh¤p_° ip°cphu f¸p ! L$lp°_°L°$ - rihNyfy_°

i¨L$fpQpeÆ S>°hu q]$Ïe rhc|r[_p¨ r`[p_y¨ Np•fh A`Æhp Br[lpk_° `Z [pgph°gu

l[u177. Thou will only shalt Prevail.

r`[p_u A¨[f_u [pgph°gu epk° - A_pepk° `y”dp¨ D[fu Aphu.

i¨L$fpQpeÆdp¨ k¨kpf_u A_pksº[ A_° op_, h•fp¡e_p¨ k¨ıL$pf bpm`Z\u S>

D[fu ApÏep.

k¨fiepku i¨L$f_y¨ Ap dlprcr_Ûæ$dZ l[y¨. L$rh hZÆh° R>° L°$

""k¨fiepkN∞lZ L$fu _uL$m°gp i¨L$f `pk° kà>[p_y¨ cp\y¨ l[y¨. ip¨r[ A° i¨L$f_°

139

_p¨ d__° hi L$eyØ l[y¨. XmßoV A° brldyÆMO Brfi÷e Ïep`pf_° AV$L$pÏep° l[p°.

C[aoV A° Afie rhjep°_° \¨cpÏep l[p. jmßoV A°d_pdp¨ L$p°dm[p¨ ^pfZ L$fu_°

hk°gu, g_moY A° L°$hm ›ep_ rhj° D–kyL$[p ^f°gu, h°]$ rhøep[ hky - Nyfy

[\p h°]$hpºep°dp¨ rhpkÍ$` Ó›^p [°d_° r‚e b_°gu :- Ap b^y¨ [°d_° ºep

h•fp¡e\u ‚p· \ey¨ A° lz¨ ≈Z[p° _\u''178.

emßoVúmde`Z≤ _Zm JoV_wIm XmßoV›`©ÈYV≤ oH´$`m

AmKmVm odf`mßVamXw[aoVï jmßoV_•XwÀdß Ï`YmV≤ $&

‹`mZ°H$mÀgwH$Vmß g_moYodVoŒm¸H´$Vdm@g o‡`m

l>m h›V dgw‡Wm@Ò` Vw Hw$Vm d°amΩ`Vm doŸ Zm $&&

i¨L$f_u ◊rÙ$A° k¨fiepk :-i¨L$f_u ◊rÙ$A° k¨fiepk :-i¨L$f_u ◊rÙ$A° k¨fiepk :-i¨L$f_u ◊rÙ$A° k¨fiepk :-i¨L$f_u ◊rÙ$A° k¨fiepk :-

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u A]π$cy[ ‚r[cp_°, [° kde_u `qfsı\r[ `pdu

S>[p hpf _ gpNu, [°Ap°A° Nu[p A_° d_yıd©r[ dp¨\u k¨fiepk_p¨ rhQpf_°

≈Zu ≈°B [°_° A°L$ _hu S> q]$ip Ap`u. [°Ap°A° ıd©r[ kprl–edp¨\u ˜u,

`y”, N©l hN°f°° –eS>hp_u hp[ ıhuL$pfu `Z A - oH´$`m qæ$epfrl[ \hy¨, L$dÆ

_ L$fhp A° hp[ _ ıhuL$pfu. Nu[p_p¨ NpeL$ cNhp_ Óu L©$ÛZ_u S>°d r_ÛL$pd

L$dÆ_y¨ dl–h ıhuL$peyØ, (H$Â`mZmß H$_©Umß ›`mgß gß›`mgï)179 A_° op_uA° `Z

L$dÆ L$fhp `X°$ R>° A°hp Nu[p_p¨ rkŸpfi[_° dpfie fpøep°. Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpe£

ıd©r[Ap°_p° cp•r[L$ A_° Nu[p_p° dp_rkL$ L°$ _•r[L$ cpN ıhuL$pfu_° "kfiepk_p¨'

øepg_° L°$ rhQpf_° _hu q]$ip Ap`u. H$mÂ` _oVÒÀ`m¡`Vm_≤ $&180

Apq]$ i¨L$f° _p_u Jdfdp¨ N©l–epN L$ep£ l[p° `Z ∆h_dp¨ L$dp£_p°

–epN L$ep£ _ l[p°. DgV$p_y¨ A°L$\u h^y hpf `N° Qpgu_° kdN∞ cpf[ c|rd_u

140

‚]$rnZp L$fu, ‚≈_°, Aop__u Nygpdudp¨\u dyº[ \hp_p° D`]°$i Ap‡ep°.

`p°[p_p [–hop__p¨ rkŸp¨[p° A_° ∆h__p¨ D`]°$i Qpgy fpMhp dpV°$ Qpf

q]$ipAp°dp¨ Qpf dW$p°_u ı\p`_p L$fu. S>° hpı[hdp¨ d_yıd©r[dp¨ ]$ipÆhhpdp¨

Aphgp¨ k¨fiepk_p¨ rkŸp¨[_u rhfyŸ l[u181. L$pfZ L°$ Ap L$pd k¨fiepku _y¨ _

l[y¨. S>° kde° cpf[dp¨ S>•_ L°$ bp•Ÿ ^dÆ_p¨ k¨O L°$ rhlpfp° ı\`pe°gp l[p [°_u

Akf kpl∆L$ `Z° S>Zp[u l[u, [° kde_u hpı[rhL$ AphÌeº[p l[u [°_°

dp” Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ S> `pfMu iºep l[p.

"k¨fiepk A°V$g° b^y¨ R>p°X$u ]°$hy¨ A°hu k¨fiepk_u d|mc|[ ÏepøepS> A°dZ°

b]$gu _pMu. gß›`mgß kmZbjU_≤182 k¨fiepku A°V$g° N©l–epN `Z L$dÆ–epN

_rl. r_ÛL$pd L$dÆ_° [°dZ° ıhuL$peyØ. [°dZ° [–hop__p¨ D`]°$ip° A_° Qpf

q]ipdp¨ Qpf dW$p°_u S>° ı\p`_p L$fu [° k¨fiepku _y¨ L$pd _ l[y¨ R>[p¨ "[pS>

rh_p_p¨ fp≈'183 _u S>°d L$fiepLy$dpfu\u b]$fu_pfpeZ A_° ‹pfL$p\u

S>Nflp\`yfu ky^u `qfc∞dZ L$fu Ma°doV k¨fiepkuA_° ApQpeÆ_u Ïepøep_°

kp\ÆL$ L$fu.

k¨fiepk dpV°$ i¨L$f° hp`f°gp° iÂ]$ R>° ıhÍ$`phı\p_. k¨fiepkA° ]$unp

_lv, k¨fiepk A° ApÓd _lv. `p°[p_u hpk_p L$iu flu _\u NB `p°[p_p°

rhh°L$ L$ip° flu _\u Nep°. A°V$g° rhL$pf A_° hpk_p\u ‚°qf[ L$dÆ_u S>¡epA°

k–L$dÆ L$fhp_° dpV°$ `Z bu∆ L$p°B ‚°fZp `R>u fl°[u _\u. ifuf ^dÆ_° dpV°$

S>°_° L$p°B `Z bp¸ ‚°fZp_u S>Í$f _\u A°hp° Ap k]$pQpfÍ$` ıhÍ$`phı\p_

A°V$g° k¨fiepk R>°184.

* L$[ÆÏebp°^ :-* L$[ÆÏebp°^ :-* L$[ÆÏebp°^ :-* L$[ÆÏebp°^ :-* L$[ÆÏebp°^ :-

Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ ‡W_ oh gdH$mï gß›`mogZï $& k¨fiepk_y¨ ∆hu

141

b[ph_pfp l[p¨. lp, [°Ap° S>fid≈[ h•fp¡e`yfyj l[p¨, N©lı\ _ l[p. `Z

R>[p¨ ApepÆÁbp S>_°[p [fa, eyN_p¨ A`hp]°$ S>X°$ [°hp° dp[©‚°d [°d_pdp¨

R>gL$p[p° l[p°. `p°[° `qfh∞pS>L$ lp°hp R>[p¨ d©–ey i•ep`f `X°$gu dp[p_° A¨r[d

kde° hQ_`pg_p\£ ^dÆip˜ A_° rhfy›^ S>B_° k¨fieı[ ^dÆ_u `Z rhfy›^

dp[p_u A¨r[d B√R>p H•$ÓUmÔ>H$È[ - Zmam`U Xe©Z È[ kpnp–L$pf L$fph_pf

A_° dp[p_p¨ A¨–e°rÙ$ k¨ıL$pf L$f_pf i¨L$fpQpeÆ dp[p_° cphcfu A¨S>rg Ap`u

dp[©F>Z A]$p L$fu ≈Z° R>°. S>° ]$ipÆh° R>° L°$ k¨fiepkuA° kdpS>‚–e° L$W$p°f _

b_hy¨, ‚°d A_° L$[ÆÏe_u cph_p fpMhu.

k¨fiepku A°V$g° Ap›eps–dL$[p_p¨ Ap]$iÆ_° ≈mh_pfp krflõ$ ‚QpfL$,

nyfıe^pfp `f Qpg_pfp Tp°mudp¨ k¨kpf kd°V$u_° d°]$p_° `X$_pfp, S>° dm°

[°dp¨k¨[p°j dp__pfp, op__y¨ cp\y¨ hl¢Q_pfp, Ar[ kpdprS>L$ dyº[dp_h

kpQp k¨fiepku NZpe. k¨fiepku_p¨ Ap Dÿ°i, Nqfdp, Np•fh i¨L$fpQpe£

Qqf[p\Æ L$fu A`pÏep. Óy–epq]$ ip˜p°_° Op°mu_° `u S>_pfp ip˜`yfyj l[p.

lp\dp¨ ]¨$X$ - L$d¨X$g gB rihp°@ldπ rihp°@ldπ _u Alpg°L$ S>Nph[p Ap

ep°Nu AW¨$N L$dÆep°Nu D]$p—cº[ A_° dlp_op_u l[p. [°d_y¨ k¨fiepk_y¨

A\ÆOV$_ rhriÙ$ ‚L$pf_y¨ l[y¨. S>°dZ° k¨fiepkn°”° _hkS>Æ__u ‚°fZp Ap`u.

X$pµ. Np•[d `V°$g gM° R>° L°$ - kfiepk_y¨ _hy¨ A\ÆOV$_ Ap`_pf - It was the

new interpretation of the concept of sannyasa by Adi sankaracharya a

man of perfect action, Knowledge and devotion which saved the whole of

Hinduism being uprooted from India like buddhism by Budssisun185.

* op_‚Qpf :-* op_‚Qpf :-* op_‚Qpf :-* op_‚Qpf :-* op_‚Qpf :-

L°$V$gp¨L$ rh‹p_ gp°L$p° `Z k¨c∞d\u ApQpeÆÓu D`f Apn°` L$f° R>° L°$

142

ApQpeÆÓu L°$hm op_\u S> dp°n dm° R>°. "kmZmXd Vw H°$dÎ`_≤' A°d A‹•[hp]$_p¨

rk›^pfi[ ‹pfp ‚r[`pq]$[ L$f[p¨ lp°hp\u L$dÆ_° [°dp¨ AhL$pi _\u, hmu khÆ

ApÓdp°dp¨ kfiepk dpNÆ Ó°õ$ [\p L•$hÎe dpV°$ Ar_hpeÆ NZp[p° lp°hp\u [°

dpNÆ (kfiepk) _° A_ykf_pfp k¨fiepkuAp° r_fy¤du A_° Apmky b_u S>N[

dpV°$ bp°S>Í$` A_° lpr_L$[pÆ R>°. k¨fiepku A°V$g° ""nyfıe^pfp'' `f Qpg_pf

L$W$p°f `qfÓdu, ƒep¨ k¨kpfuAp°_u depÆ]$p Aphu ≈e. i¨L$f° Ap k¨fiepkuAp°_°

kqæ$e b_pÏep.

ApQpeÆÓu_p° Ap]°$i R>° L°$ k¨fiepku_° iy¨ L$dÆ L$fhp_p¨ _\u ?

k¨fiepkuAp°_° [p° rcnp rdj° afu S>_[p_° op__p° D`]°$i L$fhp_y¨ dl–h_y¨ L$dÆ

Ap]°$ihpdp¨ Aph°gy¨ R>°. [°Ap° L$l°[p rcnp dp¨Nu_° S>dp° ny^p_° Ïep^u kd≈°,

duW$pB_u Apip R>p°X$u ]$p°, S>° dm° [°dp¨ k¨[p°j dp_p°186. k¨fiepku_p° ∆h_

Ap^pf Tp°mu `Z kp\° op__y dp°Vy$ cp\y [° [°_u kpQu Ap°mM. dpV°$ L$dÆ–epN

L°$ A‹•[dpNÆdp¨ L$dÆ _° AhL$pi _\u A°d L$l°hy¨ A° k–e\u h°Nmy¨ R>°. S>°

dpep\u `f \ep _\u, S>°d_° ∆h-rih A•ºe_p° A_ychep_° Ac°]$_p°

kpnp–L$pf _\u, [°d_° ApQpeÆ Óu `p°[° L$dÆ L$fhp_y¨ L$l° R>°. ApQpeÆÓu ı`Ù$

L$l° R>° L°$ ıhL$dÆ (hZpÆÓd L$dÆ) rkhpe L$p°B L$pm° rQ—iys›^ \[u _\u, rh_p

rQ[iys›^ h•fp¡e V$L$[p° _\u, rh_p¨ h•fp¡e ÓhZ, d__, r_r]$›epk_ rha$m

- Aa$m \pe R>°. dpV°$ ]$f°L°$ ‚\d rQ—iys›^ dpV°$ hZpÆÓd^dÆ ApQfu

rQ—iys›^ k¨`p]$_ L$fu. ÓudÿcNh]π$ Nu[pdp¨ `Z ÓuL©$ÛZQ¨÷ L$l° R>° L°$ -

""`kXmZ V[ï H$_© Z À`m¡`ß H$m`©_d VV≤ $&

`kXmZ V[ú°d [mdZmoZ _ZrofUm_≤ $&&18/5''

143

Óu d]π$ cNh]π$ Nu[p_u S>°d ApQpeÆÓu `Z L$dÆ_u AphÌeL$[p `f

cpf dyºep°.

q]$ipa°f dp” A°V$gp° R>° L°$ Ap–dkpnp–L$pf \ep `R>u dpfp - [pfp_p°

c°]$ _ fl°[p dp” S>_[pS>_p]Æ$__u cph_p\u L$dÆ \pe R>°. op__p° D`]°$i

L$fhp_y¨ dl–h_y¨ L$pd k¨fiepkuAp°_° Ap]°$ihpdp¨ Aph°gy¨ R>°. k¨fiepkuAp°A° `Z

rcnp\£ `qfc∞dZ ‹pfp op_‚kpf A_° A°º[p _u cph_p ≈N©[ L$fhp_u

S>hpb]$pfu k¨fiepku_p¨ rif° R>°. Apd k¨fiepku_y¨ L$[ÆÏe S>hpb]$pfu`|ZÆ A_°

dlp_ R>°. `Z [°dZ° L$f°gy L$peÆ r_ÛL$pd cph° b∞ p ÆZ \[y lp°hp\u L$[pÆ Zp_p°

cph fl°[p° _\u.

* k¨fiepk bp°^ :-* k¨fiepk bp°^ :-* k¨fiepk bp°^ :-* k¨fiepk bp°^ :-* k¨fiepk bp°^ :-

id A_° ]$d\u Ïesº[“h kyN∞r\[ \pe R>° A¨[dyÆM \pe R>°.

Ap–dr_õ$ \pe R>°. ip¨[ A_° ıhı\ Ïesº[–h Ap–dr_cÆf lp°e R>°. A_° [°

sı\r[dp¨ ApQpeÆ L$l° R>° : —T>Vaß H$_© Amew g›À`¡`Vm_≤ - h^pf° ◊Y$ fu[° A_°

iu^∞ L$dÆ_p° kpfu fu[° –epN L$fp°. H$mÂ` _oVÒÀ`¡`Vm_≤ L$pÁe L$dp£_p° –epN

L$fp°. Ly$Vy$Áb, kdpS> hN°f° ‚–e°_p¨ L$[ÆÏe_p° –epN oZOJ•hmV≤ VyU™ odoZJ©Â`Vm_≤

\u L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep° R>°. Alv A°hp L$dp£_p° –epN L$fhp_y¨ L$l°hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>° L°$

S>° A–epfky^u kp^L$ dpV°$ D`ep°Nu l[p¨. Bf_p° A_yN∞l ‚p· L$fhp dpV°$

]°$h`|≈ r_rd—° kp^L$ S>° L$dÆ A–epf ky^u L$fu f¸p° l[p° [°_p° –epN L$fhp_y¨

Alv rh^p_ R>°.

rS>opky dpV°$ r_–e - _•rdr—L$ khÆ L$dp£_p° –epN L$l°hpdp¨ ApÏep°

R>°. A°d L$l°hpdp¨ Alv L$dÆ kpd° rhfp°^ _\u. L$dÆ_y¨ S>° L$peÆ l[y¨ [° `yfy \hp_u

ıhuL©$r[ Í$ ° rS>opky_° rhrhq]$jp kfiepk_u ]$unp Ap`hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. rhrhq]$jp

144

A°V$g° op_ ‚pr·_u B√R>p. [° A\£ N∞lZ L$fhpdp¨ Aph[p k¨fiepk_° rhrhr]$jp

k¨fiepk L$l° R>° Aphp k¨fiepku_y¨ A°L$dp” L$[ÆÏe R>°. Ap–dop__u kp^_p. Ap

kp^_p_° A_yÍ$` L$dÆ S>°hp L°$ Nyfy_u k°hp, ip˜_y¨ ÓhZ, d__, ›ep_ A_°

[°_p ‹pfp Ap–dı\Ahı\p A°V$g° dp°n Ap Ad|Îe hpfkp Í$`° [°d_p° Ap]°$i

R>°. cNh]π$Nu[p_u S> Dsº[ - ""`⁄XmMaoV l>VŒmXdVamOZï$& _° A_ykfu

`p°[° `Z ∆h__p¨ R>°âp pk ky^u D`]°$i Ap`hp_y¨ L$pd L$eyØ.

Af°, ∆h__p¨ A¨[cpNdp¨ `p°[p_p° ]°$lrhgu_ L$fhp bq÷L$pÓd

Nep–epf° `Z dpNÆdp¨ A”-[” op__p° ‚Qpf L$ep£. hmu op_dpNÆ_u ƒep°[

AM¨X$ fpMhp- Qpf dW$p°_u ı\p`_p L$epÆ `R>u `p°[p_p riÛep°_° `Z ^dÆA°º[p

A_° AM¨qX$[[p_p¨ ı\p`_ dpV°$ ‚Qpf L$dÆ L$fhp_y¨ S> L$¸y¨ R>°187. op_‚pr· L°$

Ac°]$kpnp–L$pf`R>u `Z R>°L$ k¨fiepku ApQpeÆA° ∆h__p¨ R>°âp pkky^u

op_p°`]°$i dpV°$ L$dpÆQfZ L$fu d|L$k¨fiepk∆hu ]$ipÆÏep° kp^y ∆h__p `pepÍ$`

D`r_jÿp°_p¨ ""]$ ]$ ]''$ ]$d_, ]$ep A_° ]$p__° ıh∆h_dp¨ Qqf[p\Æ L$fu

b[pÏey¨.

145

* k¨]$cÆ kprl–e :-* k¨]$cÆ kprl–e :-* k¨]$cÆ kprl–e :-* k¨]$cÆ kprl–e :-* k¨]$cÆ kprl–e :-

* Óu dÿcNhÿNu[p - Ôgp°L$ 7/8 A›epe 4

(1-2) c°]$ hNf_y¨ A°L$ S> k[π EHß$ gX≤

(3) < [yU©_Xï [yU©o_Xß [yUm©À[yU©_wX¿`V $& [yU©Ò` [yU©_mXm` [yU©_dmdoeÓ`V&&

Biphıe D`r_jÿ_p° ip¨r[`pW$

(4) blz dpfp hu–ep S>fidp°, _° [pfp `Z ASy>Æ_ ! [° kh°Æe° lz¨ ≈œ¨, _ ≈Z°

[y `f¨[` !

(5) L$dÆL$p¨X$ - h°]$_p° `|hÆ rhcpN.

(6) _ur[ ip˜p° - ıd©r[Ap° hN°f°.

(7) Sy>Ap° - b∞.k|. ip¨.cp. 1-3-33

(8) "Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ' V$u.A°d.`u. dlp]°$h_π - `f_u [°d_u `ysı[L$p, `©1.

A_yhp]$L$ ‚p. A°d. hu. bnu.

(9) "Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - Óuhpd_fph `V°$g `©.15.

(10) Óud]π$ Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ `©. 18

(11) `¨. S>hplfgpg _l°fy_p - `y”u_° gM°g `”p° M¨X$ -1. `©.180.

(12) Vß od⁄mH$_©Ur g_›dma^V [yd©‡km M (b©l. D`.4-4-2)

"S>N]πNyfy Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - Ap. rhÛœ]°$h kp¨L$m°f-`©.3.

(13) ]´˜M`™ g_mfl` J•hr ^dV, J•hr ^yÀdm dZr ^dV≤, dZr ^yÀdm ‡d´OV≤ $&

`oX dVaWm ]´ M`m©Xd ‡d´OV≤ J•hm¤m dZm¤m $&`Xhad odaOV≤ VXhad ‡d´OV≤

$& ≈bpgp°`r_j[π - M¨X$ - Qp°\p°.

(14) ÓudÿcpNh[ ıL¨$]$-2/A›epe-9, Ôgp°L$-23.

(15) "Shankaracharya' X$pµ. dlp]°$h_π `©.29 D`f Ap_pd ]$ipÆh° R>°.

146

(16) em[_mj_≤ $& XXm° `Xm _mZwfeßH$aÒ` gßXe©ZßÒ`mV≤ $&&

"i¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e' dp^h - 3/14.

(17) L$pgV$u - (X$u) rihflıedp¨ "kkpg' _pd R>°. _]$u `Z Q|ZpÆ L°$

`qfepf _pd° Ap°mMpe R>°.

"i¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.2 V$u.A°d.`u.dlp]°$h_π

(18) Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ `©.58

(19) i¨L$fpQpeÆ rihph[pf lp°hp\u i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ S>fid `R>u [°_p r`[p_°

rihNyfy L$¸p. A°S>_ `©.2

(20) "Óudÿi¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.30 X$pµ. fp^pL©$ÛZ, d°ºkd|gf hN°f° Ap kpg

dp_° R>°.

(21) odH´$sVm _YwZm oZOm _YwaVm XŒmm _wXm –mj`m.......Zm›`Ã gm dr˙`V $&

ip¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e - 4/91.

(22) Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©.35

(23) Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©. 33

(24) ÓudÿcpNh[ - ıL¨$]$ 10, `|hpÆ^Æ - 45 L$. 112 Ôgp°L$-12.

(25) c[©Ælqf - h•fp¡ei[L$dπ - Ôgp°L$. 80

(26) Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©.58.

(27) S>NÿNyÍ$ Óu Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©.13.

(28) 'Shankaracharya' X$pµ. dlp]°$h_π `©.13

(29) Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©.40

(30) Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ `©. 42

(31) Óudÿ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_y¨ [“hop_ `©.3 - ‚p. ku.hu. fphm

147

(32) ip¨L$fk¨‚]$pe_u Nyfy`f¨`fpdp¨ rhÛœ - rih-b∞˚p-hrkõ$-isº[-

`fpif-iyæ$-Np•X$`p]$-Np°th]$`p]$-i¨L$fpQpeÆ A°d _pdp° dm° R>°. ≈° L°$

Nd° [° fu[° ≈°[p i¨L$fpQpeÆ Np°th]$`p]$_p¨ riÛe l[p A° r_rhÆhp]$ R>°.

"rh¤pZÆh' [¨” N∞¨\.

(33) S>N]π$Nyfy Óu Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©.15

(34) Óud[π -i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©.45.

(35) ""S>N[Nyfy Óu Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - `©.18/"Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.49

(36) Sy>Ap° dysıgd dlp–dp - `©. 503.

(37) Sy>Ap° ApQpeÆL©$[ Ap–dbp°^ - 34-35-36.

(38) ≈Nu_° ≈°D[p° ÓuA_¨[fpe fphm. / h^y rhN[ dpV°$ d›eL$pgu_

NyS>fp[u kprl–e dp¨ [“hrhQpf X$pµ. r_`yZ `¨X$Èp.

(39) L$piu `¨QL$ ı[p°”_u fQ_p. H$mÌ`ß oh H$meV H$mer gm H$mer `m

‡H$moeH$m$& gm H$mer odoXVm ]Z VZ ‡m·m oh H$moeH$m - H$mer[ßMH$

(epohκeıd©r[)

(40) `ÒVH$UmZwgßYŒm g Y_© dX ZVaï $& (epohκeıd©r[)

(41) Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ rhfrQ[ d_ujp`¨QL$ Ôgp°L$ 1-2.

(42) dysıgd dlp–dp `©.503.

`•NÁbf lS>f[ dl¨d]$ (k.Ap.k.) _y¨ d©–ey \ey _\u. dp”

[°d_° ≈°hphpmu [dpfu Ap¨M S> tdQpB NB R>°.

(43) Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ, `©-58

(44) Sy>Ap° - b∞.k|.3-1-1

(45) R>pfi]$p°¡e D`r_jÿ - 6-3-3

148

(46) R>p.D.6-33

(47) Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©.86 bg]°$h D`p›epe

(48) dprlÛd[u - dp^h A_ykpf Ap _Nfu d›ecpN_p¨ Bfi]$p°f `pk° -

_dÆ]$p_p¨ qL$_pf°. "Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ - `©-87.

(59) ip¨L$fq]$s¡hƒe - dp^hL©$[

(50) Óp‹qæ$ep hM[° i|÷ [\p k¨fiepku_p° ‚h°i /AhpS> r_j°^ NZpe -

Sy>Ap° "Óud[π i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - `©.74 [\p "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.36

(51) Óudp^h _p¢^° R>° L°$ ÓpŸ h°mpA° `^pf°gp k¨fiepku_° ≈°[p d¨X$_ rdÓ

A–e¨[ Nyık° \B Nep. ÓpŸ hM[° æ$p°^_p° r_j°^ R>°. AH´$mYZ°ï emM[a°ï

gVVß ]´˜Mmnao^ï $& ^odVÏ`ß ^doÿ¸ _`m M lm’H$mnaUm $&& ÓpŸ L$f_pf°

r_f¨[f æ$p°^ frl[, `rh”[pdp¨ [–`f A_° b∞˚QeÆ `pm_pfp b_hy¨ -

ip¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e - `©. 8.

(52) dp^hue ip¨L$f q]$s¡hS>e - 8 / 61-62

(53) dp^hue ip¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e - 8 /67-68

(54) "VŒd_og' ‹pfp \e°gy¨ Ac°]$ ‚r[`p]$_ S> Óyr[_p° ‚r[`p¤ rhje

‚[u[ L$fph° R>°. "i¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e' `©.8/130

(55) Shankaracharya `©.29 Foot Note 1 = T.M.P. Mahadevan.

(56) ‚°jp°√Qpf - S>_p°B_p –epN [\p hp¨k]¨$X$ N∞lZ L$fhp_p kde°, d¢ khÆ

–ep¡ey R>°, A°d ”Z hM[ bp°gu, khÆ gp°L$ dpfp rd” R>°. A°hu

cph_p D–`fl L$fhp dpV°$ S>° rhr^ \pe R>° [° ‚°jp°√Qpf.

(57) L°$V$gpL$ rh‹p_p° d¨X$_rdÓ A_° kyf°fpQpeÆ_° b° rcfi_ Ïesº[dp_° R>°.

Sy>Ap° "Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - `©.174-179

149

(58) ÓudÿcpNhÿNu[p A›epe - 16/Ôgp°L$ _¨. 17-18-19.

(59) Sy>Ap° "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - `©.44 ‚p°. Bfi÷h]$_fphg _p¨ g°Mdp¨\u

D]$^©[.

(60) "k¨[ kyfrc' cpN-2 "rh_p°bp cph°' `©-3.

(61) AmÒVmß.................. (dp[©ıd©r[) S>N]π$NyfyÓuApq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ ©.46

(62) "[“hbp°^' - Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ∆ frQ[

(63) A`m‹`m_Wwam _m`mH$mer H$mƒMr Adp›VH$m $&

[war ¤mamdVr M°d g·°Vm _mjXmo`H$mï $&&

(64) kp•fi]$eÆ glfu ı[p°” - ip¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e

H°$bmgmX≤ odoZdV©Z‡W_Vm `m@`ß ]X`m©l_

(65) Sy>Ap° i¨L$fpQÆ_y¨ [“hop_ `©-5.

h^y rhN[ dpV°$ Sy>Ap° - "i¨L$fpQpeÆ'- bg]°$h D`p›epe `©.140-145

(66) X$pµ. V$u.A°d.`u. dlp]°$h_π "Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.49

(67) X$pµ.A°k.fp^pL©$ÛZ_π - Indian philosophy _u c|rdL$p.

(68) d°Lπ$X$p°_g - "History of Sanskrit Literatures' `©.12

(69) Sy>Ap° `¨. bg]°$h D`p›epe - "Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.29\u34 rlfi]y$ı[p_

A°L°$X°$du-1950

Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ - kde r_ZÆe - g°ML$ tld[gpg ]$h°, k¨`p]$L$ Np•[d

`V°$g - `©.65

(70) Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ - kde - r_ZÆe - g°. rl.]$h°. `©.65 k¨`p. Np•.

`V°$g.

(71) X$pµ. X$bÎey - Apf. A¨[fL$_p° dlpr_b¨^ - cp¨X$pfL$f Ap°qfA°fiV$g

qfkQÆ BfiıV$uV$ÈyV$ - `|_p.

150

(72) "b©l]$ i¨L$f-rhS>e' - _pfpeZ ip˜u - d÷pk. lı[‚[-cpN-

2 _° Ap^pf° [•epf \e°g - "ApQpeÆL$pg' L©$r[dp¨\u 32.12 \u 16

Ôgp°L$p°.

(73) "i¨L$fQqf” - g°. y. ri.cÀ$ - "Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ - kde r_ZÆe'

tld[gpg Drdepi¨L$f ]$h°, k¨`p. Np•. `V°$g. `©. 66.

(74) "^u BrfiX$e_ A°fiV$uºhfu' 1884 - N∞¨\-13 `©.95 \u 103.

(75) X$pµ. cp¨X$pfL$f, "^u BrfiX$e_ A°fiV$uºhfu' - 1912 _p¨ Ap°NÙ$ N∞¨\-

4. `©-(200) dp_p° g°M "L°$_ hu auºk ^u X°$BV$$ Ap°a i¨L$fpQpeÆ ?'

* Óu i¨L$fpQpeÆ A_y. ‚p. A°d.hu. bnu `©.6-7 ‚L$piL$ _°i_g byL$

V≤$ıV$, fiey q]$Îlu, Aph©r— -1 bu, 1969.

(76) "rS>_rhS>e' - rS_>f–_L$p°i - S>•_N∞¨\ - Ôgp°L$ - 2.

VwofdmaÒVXm[yU _À`m©jr dm__bZmV≤ ................ $&&

(77) "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - kde r_ZÆe - `©.66.

(78) "^u A°S> Ap°a i¨L$f' - "rS>_-rhS>e-S>•_N∞¨\ - `©.141.

(79) L$p°V$ph¢L$V$pQgdπ_u - "æ$p°_p°gp°∆ Ap°a _°`pg rlıV≤$u' `©.55.

(80) Sy>Ap° "b©l]π$ i¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e' lı[‚\_p° bu≈° cpN-"ApQpeÆL$pg'

32.12 \u 16 Ôgp°L$p°.

(81) "L°$fgue i¨L$f rhS>e' - dfpW$u L©$r[ - A°d.Apf. bp°X$pk -1923

Aph©r—.

(82) ıh^dÆ‚L$pri_u, Sy>gpB - 1928. A¨L$-3, "k¨ıL©$[ Q¨q÷L$p'

(L$p°Îlp`yf-M¨X$-14-k¨.23. "‹pfL$p khÆk¨N∞l'-`©.233.

(83) rhdiÆ-N∞¨\-`©.25.

(84) "^u BrfiX$e_ A°fiV$uºhfu' - 1882 - N∞¨\ -11. `©. 263.

151

(85) "^u BrfiX$e_ A°fiV$uºhfu' - 1897 _p° N∞¨\-26.`©.117.

(86) "^u BrfiX$e_ A°fiV$uL$hfu' - N∞¨\-7 `©.282.

(87) X$bÎey gp°N_ - d°. 1887 "^u BrfiX$e_ A°fiV$uºhfu' A¨L$- N∞¨\-

16- `©.161) g°M "^u X°$BV$ Ap°a i¨L$fpQpeÆ'.

(88) "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' g°M kde r_ZÆe - g° tld[gpg ]$h° `©.66.

(89) Óud]π$S>N]π$Nyfy ip¨L$fdW$ rhdiÆ - `©.228.

(90) Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ - kder_ZÆe - `©.67.

(91) k–ep\Æ‚L$pi Dâpk - 11.

(92) "rS>_rhS>e' - S>•_ N∞¨\ - `©. 141.

(93) Short History of Kashmir `©.27.

(94) "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.76. (A°k.X$u.Ly$gL$Zw_p¨ g°Mdp¨\u)

(95) drZi¨L$f ip˜u∆ - "i¨L$fQqf”' -‚ı[ph_p.

(96) ‚p. ]°$hlr[ - Harsha `©.57.

(97) Sy>Ap° "Ap`Zp° ^dÆ' `©.649 Ap.bp.^∞yh. fp.Óu.L$.‚p.r”h°]$u :

Óudÿ i¨L$fS>e¨[u Ïepøep_dpmp `©.99. (1913)

(98) `¨. S>hplfgpg _l°fy : Discovery of India `©.156.

(99) Óu A°k.L°$.b°gh°gL$f - Óu Np°`pgbkydrgL$ g°L$QkÆ Ap°_h°]$p¨[

ragp°kp°au -`y_p -1929. [\p See His Basu Mallick Lactures on

Vedanta -VI, P. 230.

(100) Sy>Ap° b∞˚k|” - ip¨L$fcpÛep_yhp]$, NyS>fp[ h_pƺeygf kp°kpBV$u,

Ad]$php]$, 1910 Aph©r—, `qfriÙ$-`©.615-619.

(101) Sy>Ap° "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u kprl–ek©rÙ$' - X$pµ. AÍ$Zp°]$e ≈_u,

g°ML$-k¨`p]$L$-Np•.`.("Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.78)

152

(102) b∞˚k|” ip¨.cp. 1-1-1.

(103) b∞.k|. ip¨.cp. 1/1/12.

(104) dp¨ŒX|$ºe L$pqfL$p - 2-11.

(105) ‡˝m[oZfX≤ ^mÓ`_≤ - 1/16.

(106) b∞.k|. ip¨.cp. 1/2/20

(107) VoXXß JrVmemÛß g_gÀdXmW©gmagßJ´h^yVß Xwod©k`mW™ VXWm©odÓH$

aUm`m@ZH ° $od ©d •V[XmW©dm∑`mW©- ›`m`_fl`À`›VodÈ’mZH$mW©ÀdZ

bm°oH$H°$J•©h`_mU_w[b‰` Ahß odd∫$m@W© oZYm©aUmW© gßj·m oddaUß H$naÓ`mo_

$&&dm.od.‡g. 15-18-/7-16. Sy>Ap° cNh]π$Nu[p - A›epe - 15

(108) Sy>Ap° Óu L$.‚p.r”h°]$u L©$[ b∞.k|. ip¨.cp. A_yhp]$ cpN-2, `qfriÙ$

Sy>Ap° cNh]π$Nu[p.

(109) Sy>Ap° "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - ‹p]$ii[pÂ]$u ıd©r[N∞¨\ - g°. X$pµ.

AÍ$Zp°]$e ≈_u, k¨`p. Np•[d `V°$g - `©.79.

(110) AZZ O›Vw e„XZ O[mM©ZÒVdZmoXfw `Wm`mΩ ß gd©‡mUrZmß AoYH$maßgyM`oV

$& odÓUwghÛ Zm_, emßH$a^mÓ`-3. [\p qhgmoX [wÈfm›Va –Ï`m›Va

XeH$mbmoX oZ`_mZ[jÀdmo_Y∑` H$maU_≤ $& (od.g.Zm.em.^m.8)

(111) rhÛœklˆ_pdcpÛe- A_y. L$prgfi]$u `fuM, ‚L$piL$ rh¤pkcp-

`©.31.

(112) X$pµ. fp^pL©$ÛZ_π - _pf]$csº[k|” - 16-18 `f_u _p¢^.

(113) hpZurhgpk ‚°k - N∞¨\ - 14-15-16.

- Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ∆_u L° $V$guL$ N∞ ¨\fQ_pAp° - "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ_u

kprl–ek©rÙ$u.

153

- X$pµ. AÍ$Zp°]$e ≈_u - g°.k¨`p.Np•.`. ‹p]$ii[pÂ]$u ıd©r[N∞¨\

dp¨\u)

(114) gß›`mgß kmZbjU_≤ $& ip¨L$fcpÛe ‚ı[ph_p.

(115) A°k.L°$. b°gh°gL$f - Óu Np°`pgkybrgL$ g°L$QkÆ Ap°_ h°]$pfi[.

qagp°kp°au - VI `©.230- 1929/ Basu Malik lecturs on Vedant

Philosophy `©. 221-228.

(116) "ipº[k¨‚]$pe' - Óu _. ]°$. dl°[p - `©.56.

(117) X$pµ. V$u.A°d.`u.dlp]°$h_π - "i¨L$fpQpeÆ' A_yhp]$L$ ‚p. A°d.hu.

bnu `©.43-44. ‚\dph©r— - 1969.

(118) Sy>Ap° - "Apq]$ i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ı[p°”p°' - "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' `©.80.

(119) cNh]π$Np°d¨X$g cpN-9/`©.8288

(120) "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ_p¨ ı[p°”p° - "Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ' - `©. 84.

(121) "‚iıe ]$iÆ_p°' g°. Óu A.L$.r”h°]$u - `©.50.

(122) "Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ' - `¨. bg]°$h D`p›epe - `©.286.

(123) qX$dqX$dcpÛe - d¨NgpQf - 3-4.

(124) S.K. Belvalkar, Basu Mallikl - lectures on Vedant Philosophy -

`©. 224.

(125) "gm°›X`©bhar ÒVmÃ_≤' (oS>_oS>_^mÓ` - Jm[mbgw›XaQ>rH$m g_V_≤) [•.

(lr o[VmÂ]a/[rR>_≤-XoV`m-_‹`‡Xe gß. 2013.

(126) T.P. Mahadevan - "The llymans of Sankar" PP-78-171.

(127) "rlfi]$ [“hop__p° Br[lpk' - _dÆ]$pi¨L$f ]°$hi¨L$f dl°[p `©. 67.

(128) ZÀdmodew’odkmZß eâaßH$ÈUmH$a_≤ $& ^mÓ`‡g›ZJß^raß VÀÃUrVß od^¡`V

$&& hpQı`r[

154

(129) Sy>Ap° b∞. k|. ip. D`p°]π$Op[ - A‹`mgmZm_ AVpÒ_Z≤ VX≤]wo’ï $&

S>°hp A\Ækcf k|”p°.

(130) Sy>Ap° i¨L$fpQpeÆ_y¨ [“hop_ - `©.16.

(131) odH´$sVm_YwZm oZOm_YwaVm XŒmm _wXm –mj`m jra°ï [mÃoY`mo[©Vm `woY

oOVmÑ„Ym]bmoXjwVï $& ›`ÒVm Mma^ Z h›V gwY`m `Ò_mXVÒVo“amß _mYw ©Ò`

g_•o’aX≤^wVVam Zm›`Ã gm dr˙`V $&& "ip¨L$fq]$s¡hS>e'-4-91.

(132) dy¨X$L$p°`r_j]π$ - Nyfy`fÁ`fp.

(133) ÓucNh[π`p]$ Nyfy`fÁ`fp -

(134) "A History of early vedant Philosophy - `©. 5.

(135) N.A. Palkhiwala (_p_pcpB `pgMuhpgp) The Finduring Em-

pire of Sankara, The Times of India - ©.12.

(136) "Gaudpada :- A study in Early Vedant" - Madras T.M.P.

Mahadevan" - `©.15,11,224.

(137) Siddhantabindu of Madhusudan Sarswati - Abhyankar Vasudev -

"Gaudpadkarika" Introduction - P-4.

(138) R.D. Karmarkar - "Gaudpadkarika ‚ı[ph_p - `©. 47-48

(139) "Sy>Ap° - Gaudpada and Sankara A.G. Krishawaries `©. 179.

[\p V$u.A°d.`u.dlp]°$h_π A°S>_-`©.231-1924.

(140) A°.∆.L©$ÛZhpqfAf - "Np•X$`p]$ A_° i¨L$f' - `©.179, 185.

(141) A°k.A°k.fpµe - "The Heritage of Sankara" `©.44

(142) Sy>Ap° - Np•X$`p]$L$pqfL$p - (ip¨.cp.krl[) ‚L$fZ - 2-3 _u

`yrÙ$L$pAp°.

155

(143) Óud]π$cpNh[ ıL¨$^ - 10 `|hpÆ^Æ - 10.

(144) _ZújwamXod©_w∑Vï Òd`ß `m _ZújwamX_©újwamoXï $& _ZújwamXaJÂ`ÒdÈ[ï

g oZÀ`m[bp„Y ÒdÈ[m@¯mÀ_m $&& lı[pdgL$ ı[p°”.

(145) ^JdmZ≤ CXYm° _•oVO›`mOb gwIXwïIPf [oVVß Ï`oWV_≤ $& H•$[`m

eaUmJV_w’a _m_Zwem‹`w[g›Z_Z›`JoV_≤ $&& [\p VmQ>Hß$ MmZ›XoJnaß

‡U_mo_ OJX≤JwÈ_≤

(146) NyfyNu[p - 168.

(147) Sy>Ap°- ¨.bg]°$h D`p›epe rgrM[-"Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ'- ©.161-164.

(148) XÂ^X[©Hw$hH$emR>` _m`m_mÀg`m©Z•VmhßH$ma__ÀdmoX XmfdoO©Vï

(149) _R>oVd•Œm [•.3.

(150) dlpA_yipk_ - 10-19-13.

(151) S>. Ny. Apq]$i¨L$fpQpeÆ `©-7.

(152) Sy>Ap° ≈bpgp°`r_jÿ M¨X$-4 \p° _u ‚ı[ph_p.

(153) Sy>Ap° c[©Ælqf frQ[ h•fp¡ei[L$ _p° Ap Ôgp°L$.

""aÂ`ß hÂ`©Vbß Z oH$ß dgV` lmÏ`ß Z J`moXHß$ ...........$&''

(154) Sy>Ap° "AdfL$p°i' - 2-7-41 A_° 2-7-43.

(155) ‡m`ï ÒdmX≤^mOZÀ`mJï gß›`mgm@ZeZßÒ_•V_≤ -

lgpey^L$p°i - 760

(156) Np•[d^dÆk|” - 1-3-2

(157) hrkõ$^dÆk|” - 7-1-2.

(158) Sy>Ap° cNh]$Nu[p 18/2

156

(159) gß›`mgß H$_©Um›`mgï H•$VmZm_H•$V°ï gh $&

Hw$ebmHw$ebm‰`mß Vw ‡hmUß ›`mg C¿`V $&&

_ÀÒ`[wamU - 120, VWm –. dmMÒ[À`_≤ [•-5219.

(160) ‡OmV›Vwß _m Ï`d¿N>Àgrï V°ï C[oZfX≤ 1-12-1.

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(165) EV Amlo_Uï Sy>Ap° kpeZpQpeÆ frQ[ R>pfi]$p°¡ep°`r_j]π$

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(166) A History of Dharmashashtra. `©.9-33- `©.940

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[\p d_yıd©r[ 6/35-36-37.

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EV J•hÒW‡^dm¸Àdmaï [•WJml_mï $&& d_yıd©r[ - 6/87

(169) J•hßdZß Mm[odeÀ‡d´OÉ o¤OmŒm_ $&

Aml_mXml_ß J¿N>›Zm›`Wm _À[a¸aV≤ $&&

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157

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11,12,13,15

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d°amΩ`_molVï&& A¨rNfp Óp•. dy.Q.`©-33.

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[\p "Óui¨L$fpQpeÆ' - Ap. bg]°$h D`p›epe - `©.58.

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(185) "A Paper read at the Sixteenth congress for the international

Assoiciation for the "History of religions" at Rome, on 6th Sept.

1990, whee the writer of this paper was the vice-president of the

Indian chapter of the congress.

158

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