Automotive Steering Systems.ppt
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Transcript of Automotive Steering Systems.ppt
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Automotive Steering Systems BasicsHarkness Career Center
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Steering Systems
Manual steering system – relies solely on the driver to provide steering force
Power assist – (power steering) – uses hydraulic or electric power to help the driver apply steering force
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Steering Systems
Both manual and power steering systems have common components.
Input components: Steering wheel Steering column Steering shaft
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Steering Column and Wheel
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Steering Shaft
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Steering Shaft to Gear
The steering shaft connects to the steering gear through one or more: Universal joints Flexible
steering coupler
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Steering Systems
The steering gear changes the rotary motion of the wheel into linear motion of the steering linkage.
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Steering Gear
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Rack and Pinion Steering Gear
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Steering Linkage Connects the linear motion of the steering gear to
the steering arms. Parallelogram type linkage (typical) –
Pitman arm Idler arm Center link Inner tie rod Outer tie rod Tie rod adjustment sleeve
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Parallelogram Type Linkage
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Parallelogram Type Linkage
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Parallelogram Type Linkage
“Parallelogram” refers to the shape that the linkage makes on a turn.
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Parallelogram Type LinkageIdler Arm Pitman Arm
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Steering Linkage
Rack and Pinion linkage Inner tie rod Outer tie rod
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Ball Sockets
Allow suspension travel without binding Tie rods – located at the steering knuckle.
Also at the center link on parallelogram type.
Ball joints – located at the top and bottom of the knuckle. Allows for movement between the knuckle and control arm(s).
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Steering Knuckle
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Tie Rod
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Ball Joints
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear Primarily used on trucks, vans and
larger vehicles. Also used on most passenger
vehicles prior to 1980. Used in conjunction with a
parallelogram-type linkage system.
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear
Uses a series of recirculating balls on a worm shaft to transfer steering-wheel movement to tire and wheel movement.
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear The steel balls within the gear box housing
constantly recirculate within the guide paths. They move from one end of the ball nut
through return guides to reenter the ball nut at the opposite end.
The balls provide low-friction contact points between the worm gear and the internal grooves of the ball nut.
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear The sector
shaft (output shaft) of the recirculating-ball steering box uses a pitman arm for an output device.
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear The pitman arm connects to a center
link (also called a drag link)
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear
The other end of the center link is attached to a idler arm
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Recirculating-Ball Steering Gear The
pitman arm and idler arm act as the center links pivot points.
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Rack and Pinion Systems
Most passenger vehicles today use rack and pinion steering systems.
Generally contained in one complete housing. The steering shaft connects to a pinion shaft
through a universal joint or coupler. The pinion gear meshes with a a rack of gear
teeth.
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Rack and Pinion Systems
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Rack and Pinion Systems
Fewer parts Lighter Modular Saves space Generally not as strong as a recirculating-ball
type system Suitable for today’s lighter cars.
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Center-Link Type Rack and Pinion
•Used when the rack is mounted on the firewall
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Automotive Steering Systems Basics Why are some vehicles still equipped with
parallelogram type steering systems? Why do most vehicles use a rack and pinion
design? Why is a parallelogram system called a
parallelogram system?