auto del juzgado de 1ªInst. de Avilés que eleva una cuestión de inconstitucionalidad sobre la...

8/13/2019 auto del juzgado de 1ªInst. de Avilés que eleva una cuestión de inconstitucionalidad sobre la reforma de la ejecuci…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/auto-del-juzgado-de-1ainst-de-aviles-que-eleva-una-cuestion-de-inconstitucionalidad 1/17

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dK=P9QNM= d=K :G ONÔG. f 9::= d=K LUG>P= ^9 :9dKN`G M9 :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9LUKKNK GeU9::GK9^=:ULNa> eU9 >= 9^PNO9 Û G:9QGLNa> M9: LGKgLP9KGWU^N`= M9 :G^ L:gUÛ:G^ := eU9 L=>::9`G :G <NKO9]GM9 :G 9b9LULNa> f :G N>9`NPGW:9 L=>^9LU9>LNG M9 :GONÔG L=O= 9^ :G 9b9LULNa> M9: WN9> cNd=P9LGM=O9MNG>P9 Û K9G:N]GLNa> O9MNG>P9 ÛWG^PG f

:G>]GON9>P=j G MN<9K9>LNG M9 :G L=>PKG dGKP9. 9> 9^P9LG^= 9: 9b9LUPG>P9. eUN9> ^h 9^Pg :9QNPNOGM= dGKGK9LUKKNK :G K9^=:ULNa> eU9 M9LNMG U>G ONÔG LU9^PNa>G:9QGMG d=K 9: 9b9LUPGM= f eU9 :9 dUMN9KGd9KbUMNLGKj G<9LPG>M= P=M= 9::= G: M9K9Lc= M9:9b9LUPGM= M9 d=M9K P9>9K U> dK=L9^= L=> P=MG^ :G^QGKG>PhG^ dK=L9^G:9^ K9^d9LP= G :G NQUG:MGM M9PKGPGON9>P= dK=L9^G: M9 :G^ dGKP9^ 9> U> ONÔ= GLP=dK=L9^G:. f G>P9 U> ÛdU9^P= ^NON:GK. >= P9>N9>M= eU9GÛONK >N ^=d=KPGK >N>QU>G MN^LKNON>GLNa> 9>PK9 :G^dGKP9^ dK=L9^G:9^. d=K 9: O9K= c9Lc= M9 P9>9K :GL=>MNLNa> M9 9b9LUPGM= <K9>P9 G: 9b9LUPG>P9j 9^GMN^PN>PG d=^NLNa> dK=L9^G: >= dU9M9 L=>::9`GK eU9 9>U> ONÔ= GLP= dK=L9^G: L=O= 9^ :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9 U>K9LUK^= <K9>P9 G :G ONÔG K9^=:ULNa> 9> :G eU9 ^9K9Û9:`9 U>G G:9QGLNa> M9 U>G M9 :G^ dGKP9^ ^=WK9 :GeU9 cG cGWNM= L=>PKGMNLLNa>. MN^d=>QG 9: :9QN^:GM=KeU9 9HL:U^N`GO9>P9 :G :9QNPNOGLNa> dGKG K9LUKKNK^9G G :G dGKP9 dK=L9^G: M9: 9b9LUPG>P9. 9HL:Uf9>M=M9 9::= G: 9b9LUPGM=. G<9LPG>M= d=K PG>P= MNLc=dK9L9dP= G :G `G:NM9] M9: <G::= 9> LUG>P= G :G<NKO9]G M9: ONÔ= dGKG 9: 9b9LUPGM= G MN<9K9>LNG M9:9b9LUPG>P9. dU9^ G: dKN`GK M9 K9LUK^= G: 9b9LUPGM=.9: 9<9LP= 9^ :G <NKO9]G M9 :G K9^=:ULNa> 9> d9KbUNLN=M9: 9b9LUPGM= ^N ^9 L=OdGKG L=> :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9

K9LUK^= eU9 ^9 L=>L9M9 G: 9b9LUPG>P9. eUN9> dU9M99`NPGK :G <NKO9]G M9: GUP= O9MNG>P9 9: K9LUK^==d=KPU>= f dU9M9 MN^LUPNK bUKhMNLGO9>P9 := 9eUh`=L=K9Û9:P= d=K 9: bU9] M9 N>^PG>LNG7 *G <NKO9]G M9:GUP= dGKG 9: 9b9LUPGM= ^N> d=M9K K9WGPNK :GK9^=:ULNa> MNLPGMG 9> dKNO9KG N>^PG>LNG L=>::9`G :GGd:NLGLNa> N>O9MNGPG M9: GKP I1B M9 :G :9L L=O= 9^ :GÛWG^PG M9 :=^ WN9>9^ cNd=P9LGM=^7 5=K 9: L=>PKGKN=^N ^9 9^PNOG 9: O=PN`= M9 :G =d=^NLNa>. 9: 9b9LUPG>P9^h d=MKg MN^LK9dGK M9 :G ONÔG O9MNG>P9 9: K9LUK^==d=KPU>=7 5=K PG>P= ^9 L=>^NM9KG eU9 9: PKGPGON9>P=NQUG:NPGKN= M9 :G^ dGKP9^ â:= ^9 9>P9>M9KhG eU9 ^9

dK=MUL9 fG ^9G. = WN9> ÛdKNON9>M= :=^ K9LUK^=^ dGKGGOWG^ dGKP9^ N>M9d9>MN9>P9O9>P9 M9 L=O= ^9 K9Û9:`G9: O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa> PG: L=O= dK9`9hG :G G>PNQUGK9MGLLNa> M9: GKP I1A M9 :G :9L G>P9^ M9 :G *9fBE0JB3. = WN9> MG>M= :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9LUK^= GGOWG^ dGKP9^. PG: L=O= 9> ÛdU9^P=^ ^NON:GK9^ L=O= 9^9: GKP AIJ M9 :G :9L ^9 `N9>9 cGLN9>M=. 9^= ^h. L=>U>=^ 9<9LP=^ MN<9K9>P9^ PKG^ d:G>P9GK MNLc=K9LUK^=^. d9K= d9KONPN9>M= G GOWG^ dGKP9^ d:G>P9GK 9:K9LUK^= =d=KPU>=7

')lS,(&2 *G :9f 0EB1C1 M9: +KNWU>G: %=>^PNPULN=>G:MN^d=>9 9> Û GKP 3A eU9 UG>M= U> RU9] = +KNWU>G:.M9 =<NLN= = G N>^PG>LNG M9 dGKP9. L=>^NM9K9 eU9 U>G>=KOG L=> KG>Q= M9 *9f Gd:NLGW:9 G: LG^= f M9 LUfG



`G:NM9] M9d9>MG 9: <G::= dU9MG ^9K L=>PKGKNG G :G%=>^PNPULNa>. d:G>P9GKg :G LU9^PNa> G: +KNWU>G:%=>^PNPULN=>G: L=> Ûb9LNa> G := MN^dU9^P= 9> 9^PG*9f7

): aKQG>= bUMNLNG: â:= d=MKg d:G>P9GK :G LU9^PNa>U>G `9] L=>L:U^= 9: dK=L9MNON9>P= f M9>PK= M9: d:G]=dGKG MNLPGK ^9>P9>LNG. = :G K9^=:ULNa> bUKN^MNLLN=>G:eU9 dK=L9MN9^9. f M9W9Kg L=>LK9PGK :G :9f = >=KOG L=><U9K]G M9 :9f LUfG L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM ^9 LU9^PN=>G.9: dK9L9dP= L=>^PNPULN=>G: eU9 ^9 Ûd=>9 N><KN>QNM= f9^d9LN<NLGK = bU^PN<NLGK 9> eU; O9MNMG :G M9LN^Na>M9: dK=L9^= M9d9>M9 M9 :G `G:NM9] M9 :G >=KOG 9>LU9^PNa>7 #>P9^ M9 GM=dPGK O9MNG>P9 GUP= Û M9LN^Na>M9<N>NPN`G. 9: aKQG>= bUMNLNG: =NKg G :G^ dGKP9^ f G:"N>N^P9KN= FN^LG: dGKG eU9 9> 9: d:G]= L=Oi> 9NOdK=KK=QGW:9 M9 BJ MhG^ dU9MG> G:9QGK := eU9 M9^99>^=WK9 :G d9KPN>9>LNG M9 d:G>P9GK :G LU9^PNa> M9N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM. = ^=WK9 9: <=>M= M9 ;^PGj

^9QUNMGO9>P9 f ^N> Og^ PKgONP9. 9: bU9] K9^=:`9Kg 9>9: d:G]= M9 PK9^ MhG^7 (NLc= GUP= >= ^9Kg Û^L9dPNW:9M9 K9LUK^= M9 >N>QU>G L:G^97 ,= =W^PG>P9. :G LU9^PNa>M9 N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM d=MKg ^9K N>P9>PGMG M9 >U9`=9> :G^ ÛL9^N`G^ N>^PG>LNG^ = QKGM=^ 9> PG>P= >= ^9::9QU9 G ^9>P9>LNG <NKO97

): d:G>P9GON9>P= M9 :G LU9^PNa> M9 L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM=KNQN>GKg :G Û^d9>^Na> dK=`N^N=>G: M9 :G^GLPUGLN=>9^ 9> 9: dK=L9^= bUMNLNG: cG^PG eU9 9:+KNWU>G: %=>^PNPULN=>G: ^9 dK=>U>LN9 ^=WK9 ÛGMON^Na>7 5K=MULNMG ;^PG 9: dK=L9^= bUMNLNG:d9KOG>9L9Kg Û^d9>MNM= cG^PG eU9 9: +KNWU>G:

%=>^PNPULN=>G: K9Û9:`G M9<N>NPN`GO9>P9 ^=WK9 :GLU9^PNa>7

+)$%)$&2 )> `N^PG M9: GKPNLU:= O9>LN=>GM=. 9HN^P9>U>=^ dK9ÛdU9^P=^ >9L9^GKN=^ dGKG d:G>P9GK :GLU9^PNa> M9 L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM. :=^ LUG:9^ ^9 `G> GG>G:N]GK G L=>PN>UGLNa> d=K LUG>P= dUMN9KG>L=>LUKKNK 9> 9: dK9^9>P9 LG^=?

B\2 \I> B>F CGFKE>FNF C;= >G VI>]J TF B>F N> ;[ODO; ;F OKBEFKDOF N> CF=E>7 )> 9: dK9^9>P9 LG^= cG ^NM= 9:aKQG>= bUMNLNG: eUN9> PKG^ :G L9:9WKGLNa> M9 U>G`N^PG M9 U> N>LNM9>P9 9HPKG=KMN>GKN= M9 dK=L9MNON9>P=M9 9b9LULNa> MN>9KGKNG QGKG>PN]GMG L=> cNd=P9LG.d:G>P9GM= G KGh] M9 :G 9>PKGMG 9> `NQ=K M9 :G *9fBE0JB3. PKG^ cGW9K G:9QGM= 9: 9b9LUPGM= L=O= O=PN`=^M9 =d=^NLNa> :G 9HN^P9>LNG M9 L:gUÛ:G^ GWU^N`G^ 9>9: PNPU:= eU9 ^NK`Na dGKG 9: M9^dGLc= M9 9b9LULNa> f9> L=>LK9P= ^9 G:9QG L=O= GWU^N`= :G L:gUÛ:G M9`9>LNON9>P= G>PNLNdGM=. :=^ N>P9K9^9^ M9 M9O=KGdGLPGM=^. f :=^ QG^P=^ f Ûd:NM=^ eU9 M9W9 GÛONK 9:

9b9LUPGM=j f 9^ LUG>M= PKG^ <N>G:N]GK :G `N^PGPKG^ :G^ G:9QGLN=>9^ M9 :G^ dGKP9^. LUG>M= eU9MG :G`N^PG M9 :G =d=^NLNa> d9>MN9>P9 M9 K9^=:ULNa>. fG>P9^ M9 Û >=PN<NLGLNa> G :G^ dGKP9^. LUG>M= ^9 cG



L=>^NM9KGM= >9L9^GKN= MNLPGK dK=`NM9>LNG MG>M=PKG^:GM= G :G^ dGKP9^ d=K MN9] MhG^ dGKG eU9<=KOU:GKG> G:9QGLN=>9^ ^=WK9 :G d=^NW:9 N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM M9: GKP d=K G<9LPGK G: GKP 0D f BDM9 :G L=>^PNPULNa> G: ^9K PKGPGM= M9 OG>9KG M9^NQUG::G^ dGKP9^ G :G c=KG M9 :=^ K9LUK^=^ G d:G>P9GK ^=WK9MNLcG LU9^PNa>. eU9 ^9 L=>^NM9KG eU9 G<9LPG M9 :G

`G:NM9] M9: <G::=. dU9^ M9d9>MN9>M= ^N ^9 9^PNOG = >=9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= M9 M9P9KON>GMG^ L:gUÛ:G^. = WN9>eU9MG <NKO9 = >=. M9d9>MN9>M= >= PG>P= M9 :GO=PN`GLNa> M9 :G =d=^NLNa> f M9 Û L=>P9>NM=. ^N>=M9: K9Û:PGM= M9: dK=>U>LNGON9>P= 9> <G`=K =d9KbUNLN= M9 :G^ dGKP9^7

0\2 2F DI>BEOPK BPG; N><> =>DF>= B;<=> IKF K;=UF N>=FKX; N> G>T2 '9 MN^LUP9 :G L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM M9dGKP9 M9: dK9L9dP= M9: GKP I1A M9 :G :9L. 9> L=>LK9P=9: GKP I1A7B. D / 9> K9:GLNa> L=> 9: GKP I1A7DdgKKG<= ^9QU>M=. 9> LUG>P= G :G NOd=^NWN:NMGM M9d:G>P9GK :=^ K9LUK^=^ M9 Gd9:GLNa> L=>PKG :=^dK=>U>LNGON9>P=^ eU9 L=>^NM9K9> >= GWU^N`G U>GL:gUÛ:G eU9 9: 9b9LUPGM= cG G:9QGM= L=O= PG: f :G<NKO9]G M9: dK=>U>LNGON9>P=j f PN9>9 KG>Q= :9QG: >=^=:= d=KeU9 <=KOG dGKP9 M9: GKPNLU:GM= M9 :G *9L.^N>= eU9 :G ONÔG cG ^NM= N>PK=MULNMG d=K :G *9fBEB37

3\2 \I> GF G>T B>F FCGODF<G> FG DFB;@ '9 cG d:G>P9GM=U>G =d=^NLNa> G U> dK=L9MNON9>P= M9>=ON>GM=M=LPKN>G:O9>P9 M9 9b9LULNa> cNd=P9LGKNG. PKG^ N>`=LGK

9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= M9 M9P9KON>GMG^ L:gUÛ:G^ eU9 cG>MGM= :UQGK G: M9^dGLc= M9 9b9LULNa> L=>PKG eUN9> ^9=d=>9 9> 9: O9>LN=>GM= N>LNM9>P9 M9 =d=^NLNa>j d=K :=9HdU9^P=. :G `N^PG M9 MNLcG =d=^NLNa> cG P9>NM= d=K=Wb9P= MN^LUPNK bUKhMNLGO9>P9 9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= M9M9P9KON>GMG^ L:gUÛ:G^ M9 :G eU9 M9d9>M9 :GL=>PN>UGLNa> = >= M9: dK=L9MNON9>P= 9> :=^ P;KON>=^d=K :=^ eU9 ^9 M9^dGLca GUP= M9 9b9LULNa>. M9WN9>M=P9KON>GK :G =d=^NLNa> L=> U>G K9^=:ULNa> 9> :G eU9 ^9dK=>U>LN9 ^=WK9 PG:9^ =d=^NLN=>9^. f ^N ^9 M9L:GKGeU9 ^=> GWU^N`G^. :G K9^=:ULNa> >= ^9Kg <NKO9. dU9^9: i>NL= d9KbUMNLGM= d=K PG: K9^=:ULNa> eU9 ^9Kg 9:

9b9LUPG>P9 ^h d=MKg Gd9:GK PG: K9^=:ULNa>. d9K= dGKG9: LG^= L=>PKGKN=. 9^ M9LNK. eU9 ^9 dK=>U>LN9 9> 9:^9>PNM= eU9 >= 9^ GWU^N`G. :G K9^=:ULNa> ^9Kg <NKO9f `N>LU:GKG G: 9b9LUPGM= ^N> d=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9LUKKNKd=K := eU9 9> 9^P9 LG^= :G `G:NM9] M9 MNLcG >=KOG ^hG<9LPG G: <G::= 9> 9: ^9>PNM= eU9 >= LGW9 fGMN^LU^Na> ^=WK9 MNLcG LU9^PNa>. d=K := eU9 MNLc=GKPNLU:= LUfG L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM ^9 MN^LUP9. ^h 9^Gd:NLGW:9 G: LG^= L=>LK9P= f 9^ N>L:U^= =Wb9P= M9dK=>U>LNGON9>P= 9> 9: GUP= eU9 P9KON>G 9> dKNO9KGN>^PG>LNG 9: dK=L9^= M9 =d=^NLNa>. PG>P= 9> 9:U:PNO= <U>MGO9>P= M9 M9K9Lc= 9> LUG>P= G :Gd=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9LUK^=. L=O= <=KOG dGKP9 M9:L=>P9>NM= M9: <G::=. 9> 9^P9 LG^= dGKP9 MN^d=^NPN`G.f M9 9::= M9d9>M9Kg ^9Qi> 9: dK=>U>LNGON9>P= 9> U>= U=PK= ^9>PNM= :G <NKO9]G M9 :G K9^=:ULNa>. L=> Û^



L=>^9LU9>LNG^. dU9^ M9 ^9K M9^9^PNOGP=KN= M9 :G=d=^NLNa>. :G L=>^9LU9>LNG 9^ :G L=>PN>UGLNa> M9:dK=L9MNON9>P= M9 9b9LULNa>7

D\ \I> B>F IKF G>TJ MI> N> DITF QFGON>] N>C>KNF >G[FGG;7 ,= ^9 `G G MN^LUPNK eU9 :G L=>LUKK9>LNG M9

9^P9 K9eUN^NP= 9^ 9: OG^ MN^LUPNW:9 M9^M9 9: dU>P= M9`N^PG bUKhMNL= dGKG d:G>P9GK :G dK9^9>P9 LU9^PNa>7 '9GL=Q9> dGKP9 M9 :G^ G:9QGLN=>9^ M9: "N>N^P9KN=FN^LG:. :G^ LUG:9^ PGOWN;> 9> 9: O=O9>P= M9 MNLPGK :GdK=`NM9>LNG dGKG d:G>P9GK :G LU9^PNa>. ^9 9KGL=>^LN9>P9 M9 :G dK=W:9OgPNLG M9 :G L=>LUKK9>LNG M99^P9 dK9ÛdU9^P=. f d=K 9: LUG: 9: "N>N^P9KN= FN^LG:L=>^NM9KG eU9 >= dK=L9M9 d:G>P9GK:G d=K eU9 MNLc=dK9L9dP= >= G<9LPG G :G `G:NM9] M9: <G::=j d9K= Gd9^GK M9 9::=. ^9 L=>^NM9KG eU9 G>P9 MNLcG^ MUMG^. f9HN^PN9>M= =PK=^ GKQUO9>P=^ M9W9 dK=L9M9K^9 GL=>PN>UGK L=> 9: d:G>P9GON9>P= dU9^ 9^ MUM=^= f >=L=>L:Uf9>P9 eU9 L=>LUKKG = >=. 9^P9 dK9ÛdU9^P= 9>9: LG^= dK9^9>P9 dU9^ 9> K9G:NMGM G<9LPG G :=^K9LUK^=^ f d=K PG>P= G U> P9OG dK=L9^G: eU9 ^N WN9>d=^P9KN=K G :G L=>L:U^Na> M9: <G::= f >= G: M9K9Lc=OGP9KNG: = dK=L9^G: dK9`N= G :G K9^=:ULNa>. := LN9KP=9^ eU9 G<9LPG G 9^G `G:NM9] M9: ONÔ=7 'N WN9> ^9K9L=>=L9 eU9 G: PKGPGK^9 M9 U>G O9KG >=KOG dK=L9^G:f >= Û^PG>PN`G. 9> dUKNMGM f 9> ^9>PNM= 9^PKNLP= >=9^ U>G >=KOGPN`G eU9 G<9LPG G: <=>M= M9: GÛ>P= f GÛ L=>P9>NM=. := LN9KP= 9^ eU9 GU> := G>P9KN=K M9^M9=PK= dU>P= M9 `N^PG PGOWN;> ^9 cG `G:=KGM= dGKG 9:d:G>P9GON9>P= M9 :G dK9^9>P9 LU9^PNa>. eU9 M9 GL=Q9K9^9 LKNP9KN= ^9 NOd9MNKhG d:G>P9GK :G LU9^PNa> M9

N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM M9: LNPGM= GKPhLU:=. dU9^ ^NWN9> 9^ U>G >=KOG O9KGO9>P9 dK=L9^G:. :G ONÔGPGOWN;> dU9M9 Ù:>9KGK U> dKN>LNdN= L=>^PNPULN=>G:L=O= 9^ :G PUP9:G bUMNLNG: 9<9LPN`G f :G NQUG:MGM M9dGKP9^. G: 9HN^PNK MN^LKNON>GLNa>7 m 9> 9: dK9^9>P9LG^= ^N WN9> G :G c=KG M9 K9^=:`9K 9: LGKgLP9KGWU^N`= = >= M9 :G L:gUÛ:G M9: L=>PKGP=. >= ^9 `9G<9LPGMG d=K :G L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM Û^PG>PN`G M9>N>QU>G >=KOG. dU9^ ^9 dGKP9 M9: c9Lc= eU9 9:dK=L9MNON9>P= M9 9b9LULNa> cNd=P9LGKNG 9^ U>dK=L9MNON9>P= 9^d9LNG: eU9 cG ^NM= G^h GL=KMGM= d=K9: d=M9K :9QN^:GPN`=. f ^=WK9 9: eU9 >= LGW9 =Wb9LNa>

G:QU>G. f eU9 9^ MNLc= d=M9K eUN9> M9LNM9 M9>PK= M9Û dK=dN= gOWNP= ^N> MN^LU^Na> G:QU>G L=>^PNPULN=>G::G 9HN^P9>LNG M9 eU; O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa> f eU9LGU^G^ dU9MG> ^9K =dU9^PG^ d=K 9: 9b9LUPGM=. :=LN9KP= 9^ eU9 M9 :G K9MGLLNa> MGMG 9> :G >U9`G :9f 9>LUG>P= G :G L=>^9LU9>LNG M9 :G K9^=:ULNa> M9 bU9] M9dKNO9KG N>^PG>LNG 9> 9: N>LNM9>P9 M9 =d=^NLNa> LUG>M=^9 G:9QU9 U> >U9`= O=PN`= N>PK=MULNM= 9> :G *9f BE0JB3 L=O= 9^ 9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= M9 :G^ L:gUÛ:G^ [GKP I1A7B D/ M9 :G :9L\. ^h ^9 `9Kg G<9LPGM= 9: <G::=f Û `G:NM9] 9> LUG>P= Û <NKO9]G f :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9MN^LU^Na> M9: L=>P9>NM= M9: ONÔ= d=K :G K9MGLLNa>MGMG G :=^ K9LUK^=^ <K9>P9 G :G ONÔG7 5U9^ 9:bU]QGM=K PKG^ 9HGON>GK :G^ G:9QGLN=>9^ M9 :G^ dGKP9^f O=PN`GK 9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= = >= M9 :G^ L:gUÛ:G^.f L=>L:UNK ^=WK9 :G^ ONÔG^ . M9W9Kg dK=>U>LNGK^9



^=WK9 :G^ d=^NWN:NMGM9^ M9 K9LUK^= dGKG :G^ dGKP9^.:= eU9 L=>::9`GKg U>G^ L=>^9LU9>LNG^ dGKG :G^ dGKP9êU9 G<9LPG> 9`NM9>P9O9>P9 G: <G::= M9d9>MN9>M= M9:L=>P9>NM= M9: ONÔ=. d=K := eU9 GU>eU9 >= ^9G U>G>=KOG eU9 G dKN=KN G<9LPG G :G `G:NM9] M9: <G::=. ^hG<9LPG G d=^P9KN=KN :G `G:NM9] M9: <G::= 9> LUG>P=G<9LPG G: L=>P9>NM= M9: ONÔ= f Û^ L=>^9LU9>LNG^ j f

P=M= 9::= M9 OG>9KG MN^LKNON>GP=KNG 9> d9KbUNLN= M9:9b9LUPGM=. M9^L=>=LN9>M= ^N 9::= dU9M9 = >= ^9K9^PNdU:GM= d=K 9: :9QN^:GM=K. = ^N Ù:>9KG :GL=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM M9 :G >=KOG. dU9^ ^N 9: bU9]L=>^NM9KG eU9 ^9 M9^9^PNOGMG :G =d=^NLNa> G:9QGMG d=K9: 9b9LUPGM= dU9^ :G L:gUÛ:G NOdUQ>GMG >= 9^GWU^N`G. 9: <G::= ^9Kg <NKO9. ^N> d=^NWN:NMGM M9K9LUK^=. f ^N> d=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9WGPNK :G^ O=PN`GLNa>.L=> :G L=>^9LU9>LNG^ M9 9::= f M9 :G <NKO9]G M9:<G::=. ^N9>M= fG M9 Gd:NLGLNa> := dK9`N^P= 9> 9:GKPNLU:GM= M9: dK=L9MNON9>P= M9 GdK9ON= ^=WK9 :GL=>PN>UGLNa> M9: dK=L9MNON9>P=j ^N> 9OWGKQ= ^N 9> :GO=PN`GLNa> L=>^NM9KG eU9 P=MG^ = G:QU>G M9 :G^L:gUÛ:G^ NOdUQ>GMG^ 9^ GWU^N`G. :G K9^=:ULNa> >= 9^<NKO9. f d=K PG>P= 9: 9b9LUPG>P9 d=MKg K9LUKKNK :GONÔG f ^9K K9`N^GMG 9> U>G N>^PG>LNG Ûd9KN=K7

&PK= O=PN`= G N>`=LGK 9> LUG>P= G :G L=>LUKK9>LNG M99^P9 dK9ÛdU9^P=. 9^ ^N 9HN^P9 =PK= LGUL9 = O=O9>P=dK=L9^G: dGKG cGL9K `G:9K MNLcG M9^NQUG:MGM = PKGP=MN<9K9>LNGM=. dU9^ 9: "N>N^P9KN= FN^LG:. GU>eU9 cGO9>LN=>GM= eU9 dU9M9 d:G>P9GK^9 9^PG LU9^PNa> 9> =PK=O=O9>P= dK=L9^G:. LUG>M= :G K9^=:ULNa> ^9G <NKO9. >=cG 9HdK9^GM= LUG>M= dU9M9 ^9K 9^9 O=O9>P= dK=L9^G:.dU9^ fG 9^ <NKO9 d=K Gd:NLGLNa> M9: GKP I1A7D M9 :G

:9Lj f := LN9KP= 9^ eU9 ^N 9: <G::= eU9MG <NKO9. :GL=>^9LU9>LNG :9QG: 9^ :G L=>PN>UGLNa> M9 :G 9b9LULNa>cNd=P9LGKNG. ^N> eU9 9: 9b9LUPGM= P9>QG O=O9>P=dK=L9^G: G:QU>= dGKG d:G>P9GK :G dK9^9>P9 LU9^PNa>.dU9^ 9: K9LUK^= :9 9^Pg `9MGM= :9QG:O9>P9 9> 9:N>LNM9>P9 M9 9b9LULNa> PKG^ :G K9MGLLNa> 9HdU9^PGj f9: c9Lc= M9 eU9 9: "N>N^P9KN= FN^LG: >= O9>LN=>9 eU9ÛdU9^P= dK=L9^G: ^9 dU9M9 MGK dGKG d:G>P9GK :GLU9^PNa>. >N cG ^NM= G:9QGM= d=K >N>QU>G dGKP99b9LUPG>P9. MG LGWNMG eU9 M9WG ^9K 9^P9 O=O9>P= 9> 9:eU9 ^9 dU9MG d:G>P9GK :G LU9^PNa> G: >= 9HN^PNK =PK=O=O9>P= dGKG d=M9K LU9^PN=>GK 9: <=>M= M9: GÛ>P=.L=O= 9^ :G L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM M9: GKPhLU:= :9QG: eU9

d9KONP9 G U>G M9 :G^ dGKP9^ K9LUKKNK f G :G =PKG >=.^=WK9 9: ONÔ= O=PN`= M9 G:9QGLNa>. M9d9>MN9>M= M9:L=>P9>NM= M9: ONÔ=j f 9::= L=>::9`G. eU9 G>P9 :GNOd=^NWN:NMGM M9 d:G>P9GK :G LU9^PNa> 9> =PKG <G^9dK=L9^G:. f dKN`G>M= :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9LUK^= G:9b9LUPGM=. :G K9^=:ULNa> eU9MG <NKO9. f dK=L9M9Kg :GK9G>UMGLNa> M9 :G 9b9LULNa>. ^N> eU9 eU9dG OGÔ=PN`=^ >N =d=KPU>NMGM9^ dK=L9^G:9^ M9 M9<9>^G dGKG9: 9b9LUPGM=j d=K := eU9 MNLc= dK9L9dP= LUfGL=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM ^9 MN^LUP9. G<9LPG K9G:O9>P9 G :G`G:NM9] M9: <G::=. dU9^ 9: ONÔ= eU9MGKg <NKO9 dGKG9: LG^= eU9 9: dK=>U>LNGON9>P= ^9G M9^9^PNOGP=KN=.

ON9>PKG^ eU9 9: 9b9LUPG>P9 ^N9OdK9 d=MKg K9LUKKNK ^N:9 d9KbUMNLG7 &G K; E>K>= >G >V>DIEFN; C;BO<OGONFN N>=>DI=B; >K >BE;B BICI>BE;BJ CI>B GF G>T FBH G; WFNOBCI>BE;J K; EO>K> ;E=FB C;BO<OGONFN C=;D>BFG N>



FG>XF= GF OKD;KBEOEIDO;KFGONFN N> GF K;=UF C;=NOBD=OUOKFDOPKJ G; MI> D;KGG>QF MI> BH >BE> C=>D>CE;F[>DEF F GF QFGON>] N>G [FGG;J DIFKN; GF D;KB>DI>KDOF>B GF [O=U>]F N> G;B =>BI>GE; C;= >G VI>] N>OKBEFKDOF FKE> G;B U;EOQ;B N> ;C;BODOPK$

+GOd=L= ^9 dU9M9 dK9P9>M9K eU9 MNLc= dK9L9dP= >=LGU^9 N>M9<9>^Na> G: 9b9LUPGM=. G: d=M9K GLUMNK G U>dK=L9MNON9>P= =KMN>GKN= M9L:GKGPN`= G:9QG>M= 9^=ÔNÔ=^ O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa>. f eU9 9> Û LG^= dNMGU>G^ O9MNMG^ LGUP9:GK9^ = :G Û^d9>^Na> d=KdK9bUMNLNG:NMGM LN`N: M9: dK=L9MNON9>P= M9 9b9LULNa>.dU9^ ^N WN9> 9::= >= ^9 >N9QG. := LN9KP= 9^ eU9 :=eU9 ^9 MN^LUP9 9^ 9: PKGPGON9>P= MN^LKNON>GP=KN=K9^d9LP= G: 9b9LUPG>P9. eUN9> N>L:U^= M9 GLUMNK G 9^9PNd= M9 dK=L9MNON9>P= =KMN>GKN=. PN9>9 =PKG PKgONP9dK=L9^G: G OGf=K9^ M9: 9b9LUPGM=. L=O= 9^ 9: K9LUK^=M9 Gd9:GLNa> <K9>P9 G :G K9^=:ULNa> M9: N>LNM9>P9 M9=d=^NLNa> M9: GKP I1A M9 :9L 9HdU9^P=7

A\ \I> NODWF K;=UF CI>NF B>= D;KE=F=OF F GFD;KBEOEIDOPK2 '9 M9W9 dGKPNK M9 M=^ dK9ON^G^N>MN^LUPNW:9^ d=K ^9K =Wb9PN`G^. ^=WK9 :G^ eU9 >=LGW9 N>P9KdK9PGLNa> G:QU>G? B\ 9: GKP BD M9 :G%=>^PNPULNa> 9^PGW:9L9 9: M9K9Lc= M9 NQUG:MGM f :GdK=cNWNLNa> M9 ^9K MN^LKNON>GM= d=K KG]a> M9 ÛL=>MNLNa>7 m 9: GKP 0D 9^PGW:9L9 9: M9K9Lc= G :GPUP9:G bUMNLNG: 9<9LPN`G. eU9 9> K9:GLNa> L=> 9^9 GKPBD M9W9 NOd:NLGK U>G NQUG:MGM M9 dGKP9^ dK=L9^G:7 0\PKG^ :G K9MGLLNa> M9: GKP I1A M9 :G :9L. :G d=^NLNa>

M9 :G^ dGKP9^ >= 9^ M9 NQUG:MGM. K9LNWN9>M= U>PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>P9 G :G c=KG M9 dK9^9>PGK :G^K9^=:ULN=>9^j ^N 9: 9b9LUPGM= dK9^9>PG N>LNM9>P9 M9=d=^NLNa> G:9QG>M= eU9 U>G L:gUÛ:G 9^ GWU^N`G. f 9:PKNWU>G: L=>^NM9KG eU9 M9W9 M9^9^PNOGK^9 PG:dK9P9>^Na>. >= LGW9 K9LUK^= G:QU>= f ^9Kg <NKO9j ^Nd=K 9: L=>PKGKN= 9: PKNWU>G: L=>^NM9KG eU9 :GL:gUÛ:G 9^ GWU^N`G. LGW9 K9LUK^= M9 Gd9:GLNa> d=KdGKP9 M9: 9b9LUPG>P97 )^ M9LNK. eU9 LUG>M= ^9 =d=>9U>G L:gUÛ:G GWU^N`G. PKG^ :G O=PN`GLNa> M9:bU]QGM=K. 9: 9b9LUPG>P9 ^N >= :G L=>^NM9KG GM9LUGMG GÛ^ N>P9K9^9^ d=MKg Gd9:GK:G f 9`NPGKg :G <NKO9]G M9:

<G::=j d=K 9: L=>PKGKN= ^N >= :G L=>^NM9KG GM9LUGMG9: 9b9LUPGM=. ;^P9 >= d=MKg K9LUKKNK:G f eU9MGKg`N>LU:GM= d=K 9: <G::= M9 dKNO9KG N>^PG>LNG7

*G L=>L:U^Na> eU9 ^9 M9MUL9 9^ :G 9HN^P9>LNG M9 U>PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>P9 d=K 9: O9K= c9Lc= M9 :Gd=^NLNa> dK=L9^G: eU9 ^9 =LUd9 9> 9: dK=L9^=. G>P9U> ONÔ= PKgONP9 dK=L9^G:. M9 PG: OG>9KG eU9 <K9>P9 GU>G MN^LU^Na> bUKhMNLG 9> :G eU9 LGMG dGKP9 <=KOU:GÛ^ G:9QGLN=>9^ f 9: aKQG>= bUMNLNG: K9Û9:`9 M9<=KOG O=PN`GMG. dUMN9>M= ^9K M9 ÛOG L=Od:9bNMGM. G:P9>9K eU9 M9L:GKGK 9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= = >= M9 U>GL:gUÛ:G eU9 G<9LPG G U> L=>ÛONM=K. ^N> 9OWGKQ= 9:PKGPGON9>P= d=^P9KN=K >= 9^ NQUG:NPGKN= d=K LUG>P= ^N:G K9^=:ULNa> 9^ L=>PKGKNG G :=^ N>P9K9^9^ M9:



9b9LUPG>P9. ^N9OdK9 d=MKg MN^LUPNK:G bUKhMNLGO9>P9.ON9>PKG^ eU9 ^N 9^ L=>PKGKNG G: 9b9LUPGM= d=K OUf9KKa>9G :G `G:=KGLNa> bUMNLNG: eU9 ^9G. >= P9>MKgd=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9WGPNK:G 9> 9^P9 N>LNM9>P9. GMN<9K9>LNG M9: 9b9LUPG>P97 5=K := eU9 G U>G M9 :G^dGKP9^ ^9 :9 MG :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9 Gd9:GLNa> L=O= 9^9: 9b9LUPG>P9. ON9>PKG^ eU9 G: 9b9LUPGM= >U>LG.

LUG>M= 9: K9LUK^= = :G MN^LK9dG>LNG K9LG9 ^=WK9 :GONÔG GKQUO9>PGLNa> M9: aKQG>= bUMNLNG:7

5=K 9::= ^9 L=>L:Uf9 eU9 9^ N>>9QGW:9 eU9 9>dUKNMGM. :G NQUG:MGM ^=:= ^9 MGKg ^N ^9G LUG: ^9G 9:L=>P9>NM= M9 :G K9^=:ULNa>. >= LGW9 K9LUK^= dGKG>N>QU>G M9 :G^ dGKP9^. = >= ^9 9HL:Uf9 dGKG >N>QU>=eU9 ^9 `9G d9KbUMNLGM=7 #>P9 9::= 9^P9 aKQG>=bUMNLNG: L=>^NM9KG eU9 G>P9 9^G^ MUMG^ eU9 ^9d:G>P9G. G: >= G:LG>]GK G L=OdK9>M9K 9: LKNP9KN=:9QN^:GPN`= d=K 9: LUG: ^9 9^PGW:9L9 :9QG:O9>P9 9^9PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>LNGM= f ^N 9: ONÔ= 9^ L=KK9LP= f9>PKG M9>PK= M9 Û^ <GLU:PGM9^ L=>^PNPULN=>G:9^. 9^d=K := eU9 G>P9 9^=^ c9Lc=^ =Wb9PN`=^ 9HdU9^P=^. fG>P9 :G^ MUMG^ eU9 ^9 cG> LK9GM=. 9^ d=K := eU9 ^9L=>^NM9KG =d=KPU>= eU9 ^9G 9: OgHNO= aKQG>=N>P9KdK9PGM=K M9 :G %=>^PNPULNa> eUN9> M9LNMG 9>dKNO9K :UQGK :G d9KPN>9>LNG M9 9^PG LU9^PNa> O9MNG>P9Û GMON^Na> = >=j f 9> 9: dKNO9K LG^=. ^N 9^PgbU^PN<NLGM= 9^9 PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>LNGM= M9 :G^dGKP9^ f >= Ù:>9KG 9: dKN>LNdN= M9 PUP9:G bUMNLNG:9<9LPN`G f 9: dKN>LNdN= M9 NQUG:MGM. PKGMULNM= G :GNQUG:MGM M9 PKGPGON9>P= dK=L9^G: M9 :G^ dGKP9^ 9> U>ONÔ= GLP= ^N> eU9 cGfG MN^LKNON>GLNa>7

)^ LN9KP= eU9 :G NQUG:MGM Ûd=>9 eU9 :=^ NQUG:9^M9W9> ^9K PKGPGM=^ L=O= NQUG:9^ f :=^ M9^NQUG:9^ L=O=PG:9^. d9K= G: >= G:LG>]GK 9^P9 bU]QGM=K :=^ O=PN`=^M9 9^PGW:9L9K 9^G d=^NW:9 MN^LKNON>GLNa> 9>PK9 9:9b9LUPG>P9 cNd=P9LGKN=. f 9: 9b9LUPGM= cNd=P9LGKN=L=>ÛONM=K G>P9 U> ONÔ= O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa>. 9^ d=K:= eU9 ^9 L=>^NM9KG =d=KPU>= 9:9`GK 9^PG LU9^PNa>j fG>P9 :G <G:PG M9 G:9QGLN=>9^ = GKQUO9>PGLN=>9^bUKhMNLG^ M9 <=>M= M9 :=^ 9b9LUPG>P9^ = 9: "N>N^P9KN=FN^LG: ^=WK9 9: O=PN`= L=>^PNPULN=>G: M9 9^PGW:9L9K9^G MN^LKNON>GLNa> :9QG:. 9^ d=K := L=>LUKK9> OG^MUMG^ M9 L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM. dU9^ >= ^9 cG MGM= U>G

GKQUO9>PGLNa> M9 <=>M= ^=WK9 :G bU^PN<NLGLNa> M9 :GMN<9K9>LNGLNa>. f 9^ d=K := eU9 ^9 GLU9KMG 9:9`GK:G dK9^9>P9 LU9^PNa>7

2;E=; N> G;B C=>BICI>BE;B C=;D>BFG>B K; =>D;XON; C;=GF 2>T N>G *=O<IKFG /;KBEOEIDO;KFG >B >G VIODO; N>=>G>QFKDOF7 *G K9:9`G>LNG L=>^PNPULN=>G: M9 :G ONÔG^9 9>LU9>PKG 9> P=M= := 9HdU9^P= 9> :=^ <U>MGO9>P=G>P9KN=K9^. f G OGf=K GWU>MGON9>P= 9> 9: c9Lc= M9 eU9:G^ dGKP9^ eU9 GLUMG> G U> dK=L9MNON9>P= bUMNLNG:P9>QG> :G^ ONÔG^ d=^NWN:NMGM9^ M9 GKQUO9>P=^ M9

M9<9>^G f G:9QGLNa>. N>M9d9>MN9>P9O9>P9 M9 :Gd=^NLNa> dK=L9^G: eU9 =LUd9>. f eU9 >= ^9 dKN`N:9QN9G U>G M9 :G^ dGKP9^ K9^d9LP= G =PKG 9> U> ONÔ= GLP=dK=L9^G: . >= â:= 9> LUG>P= G :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9



cGL9K G:9QGLN=>9^ . ^N>= 9> :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9K9WGPNK :G K9^=:ULNa> bUMNLNG: dGKG 9: LG^= eU9 9::9QN^:GM=K L=>^NM9K9 eU9 M9W9 MGK^9 9^G d=^NWN:NMGMj>= ^9 MUMG eU9 9^ 9: :9QN^:GM=K eUN9> M9LNM9 ^N LGW9K9LUK^= = >= ^=WK9 U>G K9^=:ULNa>j ^N LGW9 OG^G:9QGLN=>9^ = >=. O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa> 9PLL.77)> 9:LG^= dK9^9>P9 := eU9 ^9 MN^LUP9 9^ eU9 ^N 9^PGW:9L9

U> PKGONP9 dK=L9^G: dGKG U>G M9 :G^ dGKP9^. M9W9L=>L9M9K:= dGKG :G =PKG. dU9^ M9 := L=>PKGKN= >=cGWKhG U>G d=^NLNa> ^NON:GK 9>PK9 9::G^. dK=MULN9>M=N>M9<9>^Na> M9 U>G K9^d9LP= G =PKG. G>P9 :GPKG^L9>M9>LNG M9 PG: c9Lc=7

)> 9: dK9^9>P9 LG^= :G dGKP9 9b9LUPGMG cG G:9QGM=L=O= O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa> 9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= M9M9P9KON>GMG^ L:gUÛ:G^ 9> L=>LK9P=? :G L:gUÛ:G M9`9>LNON9>P= G>PNLNdGM=. :=^ N>P9K9^9^ M9 M9O=KGdGLPGM=^. f :=^ QG^P=^ f Ûd:NM=^ eU9 M9W9 GÛONK 9:9b9LUPGM=j dU9^ WN9> <K9>P9 G MNLcG =d=^NLNa>. ^9 cGL=>`=LGM= G :G `N^PG M=>M9 GOWG^ dGKP9^ PKG^ <=KOU:GK

:G^ G:9QGLN=>9^ f dKU9WG^ eU9 L=>^NM9KG> =d=KPU>G^.cG> L=>L:UNM= ^=WK9 9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= = >=. MG>M=:G^ L=KK9LPG^ GKQUO9>PGLN=>9^ bUKhMNLG^ 9> U>= U =PKG^9>PNM=. f P9>N9>M= :G^ ONÔ=^ O9MN=^ M9 G:9QGLNa> fM9<9>^Gj S>G `9] L=>L:UNMG :G `N^PG 9: aKQG>=bUMNLNG: ^9 cG NM= dK=>U>LNGM= ^=WK9 LGMG U>G M99::G^. M9 LUfG M9LN^Na> M9d9>M9Kg 9: <G::=j f ^N9>M=G:QU>G M9 9::G^ M9^9^PNOGP=KNG f =PKG^ 9^PNOGP=KNG. G:G c=KG M9 MGK d=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9LUK^= f eU9 :G^dGKP9^ dU9MG> :9QhPNOGO9>P9 MN^LK9dGK d=K 9KKa>9G`G:=KGLNa> bUKhMNLG M9: dK=>U>LNGON9>P= bUMNLNG:. ^9cG 9>L=>PKGM= 9> 9^P9 dU>P= L=> eU9 9: :9QN^:GM=K cG

9^PGW:9LNM= U> LKNP9KN= MN^PN>P= ^9Qi> :G dGKP9 eU9cGfG K9Û:PGM= d9KbUMNLGMG. dU9^ ^N 9^ 9: 9b9LUPGM=.>= LGW9 eU9 dU9MG K9WGPNK :G GKQUO9>PGLNa>j ^N 9^ 9:9b9LUPG>P9 ^h7 5=K PG>P= G>P9 U> ONÔ= ÛdU9^P= ^9 MGU> PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>P9 := eU9 dK=`=LG U>GM9^NQUG:MGM = MN^LKNON>GLNa> 9> 9: ONÔ= PKgONP9dK=L9^G: eU9 LGU^G N>M9<9>^Na>7 m MNLcG N>M9<9>^Na>>= ^9 MG PG>P= 9> 9: ÛdU9^P= eU9 ^9 OG>N<N9^P9 eU9:G L:gUÛ:G 9^ GWU^N`G. dU9^ 9> PG: LG^= 9:9b9LUPG>P9 ^h dU9M9 K9LUKKNK f 9: 9b9LUPGM= dU9M9=d=>9K^9 G MNLcG Gd9:GLNa>. M9 PG: OG>9KG eU9 ^9 MG:G L=>PKGMNLLNa> LUG>M= K9Û9:`G 9: +KNWU>G:Ûd9KN=Kj d9K= ^h ^9 MG ^N ^9 L=OdGKG 9^G d=^NWN:NMGM

M9 K9LUK^=. L=> 9: ÛdU9^P= 9> eU9 >= ^9 MG. 9^ M9LNKLUG>M= ^9 dK=>U>LNG M9^9^PNOG>M= :G =d=^NLNa>j d=K :=eU9 M9d9>MN9>M= â:= M9: K9Û:PGM= M9 :G O=PN`GLNa>9^ LUG>M= ^9 MG :G MN^LKNON>GLNa> G: dKN`GK G:9b9LUPGM= M9 K9WGPNK 9^9 dK=>U>LNGON9>P= G MN<9K9>LNGM9 :G L=>PKGdGKP9 eU9 ^N9OdK9 PN9>9 9^G d=^NWN:NMGMLUG>M= ^9 `9 d9KbUMNLGM=7

%S#$+& 5=K =PK= :GM=. ^N WN9> 9> 9: dK9^9>P9N>LNM9>P9 ^9 cG> MGM= G:9QGLN=>9^ M9 =d=^NLNa> G Ûd:G>P9GON9>P= PG>P= d=K 9: "N>N^P9KN= FN^LG:. :G LUG:

fG cG ^NM= 9HdU9^PG f G>G:N]GMG. L=O= d=K dGKP9 M9 :G9b9LUPG>P9 9> :G eU9 ^9 9Hd=>9 M9 O=M= K9ÛONM= eU9cGf ÛdU9^P=^ M=>M9 9^Pg bU^PN<NLGM= :G dKN`GLNa> M9K9LUK^= G U>G M9 :G^ dGKP9^. := LN9KP= 9^ eU9 bU>P= G



9^P9 O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa>. f P9>N9>M= 9> LU9>PG =PK=Ô=PN`=^ eU9 cG> ^NM= G:9QGM=^ 9> =PK=^ dK=L9MNON9>P=^9> :=^ eU9 PGOWN;> ^9 cG N>NLNGM= 9: dK9^9>P9N>LNM9>P9 M9 N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM :=^ LUG:9^ ^9O9>LN=>GKG> 9: dK9^9>P9 GUP= dGKG eU9 9: +KNWU>G:%=>^PNPULN=>G: P9>QG L=>=LNON9>P= M9 P=MG^ :G^GKQUO9>PGLN=>9^ G <G`=K f 9> L=>PKG M9 9^PNOGK = >=

:G dK9^9>P9 LU9^PNa>7FK9>P9 G :G^ GKQUO9>PGLN=>9^ M9 :G^ dGKP9^9b9LUPG>P9^ eU9 `N9>9 K9G:N]G>M= 9> 9^P9 PKGONP9 L=O=9> =PK=^ ^NON:GK9^ LGW9 cGL9K :G^ ^NQUN9>P9^L=>^NM9KGLN=>9^. GP9>MN9>M= G :=^ MN<9K9>P9^ O=PN`=^=dU9^P=^?

B\ )> 9: dK9^9>P9 LG^= ^9 `N9>9 GKQUO9>PG>M= d=K :GdGKP9 9b9LUPG>P9 eU9 cGf ÛdU9^P=^ :9QG:9^ M=>M9 9::9QN^:GM=K MG U> PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>LNGM= dK=L9^G:7,= ^9 cG L=>LK9PGM= 9> eU9 ÛdU9^P=^ ^9 MG 9^G

MN<9K9>LNG. >N ^9 `G G MN^LUPNK GU> 9::= eU9 9::=dU9MG GL=>P9L9K 9> >U9^PKG :9QN^:GLNa>j d9K= :GLU9^PNa> eU9 ^9 d:G>P9G. >= 9^ Q9>;KNLG. ^N>=L=>LK9PG. f 9> 9: LG^= dK9^9>P9 ^h ^9 cG O=PN`GM= 9:d=KeU; M9 MNLcG MN^LKNON>GLNa>7 #>P9 9::= ^NOd:9O9>P9GTGMNK. eU9 GU> :G^ G:9QGLN=>9^ M9 :G 9b9LUPG>P9. ^hK9Û:PG M9 Gd:NLGLNa> G 9^P9 ÛdU9^P= IK C=>D>N>KE>D;KBEOEIDO;KFG >K IK DFB; BOUOGF= N> C=OQFDOPK N>=>DI=B;B F IKF N> GFB CF=E>B =>BC>DE; FG ;E=;J D;U;>B GF )*/ "+ %L "+ "'/'+?^-+ "+ %8_: "#("+ )+ "+/2&-&'(/#()*'*./'#(&2 .( 4-+/+4*# &-* %L "+ 2& 2+` 89%8_7J"#("+ )+ 4-'1&^& & 2&) 4&-*+) /#("+(&"&) & '(*+-4#(+-

-+/.-)# "+ /&)&/'a( +( 4+(&) '(A+-'#-+) & b &c#) "+4-')'a(J ?'+(*-&) \.+ +2 A')/&2 +( *#"# /&)# 4#"d&'(*+-4#(+- -+/.-)# "+ /&)&/'a(J BO>KN; >G U;EOQ; N>GF OKD;BEOEIDO;KFGONFN QIGK>=F= >G F=E :L N> GF/;KBEOEIDOPK

0\2 FK9>P9 G: d:G>P9GON9>P= M9 :G LU9^PNa> 9> =PK=^ LUG>P= :G :9f 9> ^9>PNM= :NP9KG: >= N>MNLG eU9 :G<GLU:PGM M9 K9LUKKNK ^=:= ^9 GPKNWUf9 G U>G M9 :G^ 9HdK9^GO9>P9 9> :G dKGLPNLG 9^ := eU9 =LUKK9 9> 9:

dK9^9>P9 LG^=7 5GKPN9>M= M9: dKN>LNdN= Q9>9KG: M9 eU9GeU9::G dGKP9 G :G eU9 :9 <G`=K9L9 :G K9^=:ULNa> >=9^Pg :9QNPNOGMG dGKG K9LUKKNK:G. dU9^ PG: d=^NWN:NMGM^=:= K9LG9 9> eUN9> cGfG `N^P= P=PG: = dGKLNG:O9>P9M9^9^PNOGMG Û dK9P9>^Na>j 9^ d=K := eU9 ^N eUN9> 9:i>NL= eU9 dU9M9 =d=>9K 9: LGKgLP9K GWU^N`= M9 U>GL:gUÛ:G 9^ 9: 9b9LUPGM=. f >U>LG 9: 9b9LUPG>P9.:aQNLGO9>P9. f ^N :G :9f MN^d=>9 eU9 ^N ^9 M9L:GKG 9:LGKgLP9K GWU^N`=. ^9 dU9M9 K9LUKKNK 9> Gd9:GLNa> .:=eU9 9^Pg GL=KMG>M= 9^ eU9 9^ 9: 9b9LUPG>P9 9: eU9dU9M9 K9LUKKNK f >U>LG 9: 9b9LUPGM=j f LUG>M= MNL9eU9 ^N ^9 M9L:GKG :G `G:NM9] M9 :G L:gUÛ:G. >= LGW9

K9LUK^=. G: i>NL= eU9 :9 dKN`G PG: d=^NWN:NMGM 9^ G:9b9LUPGM=7 5=K PG>P= 9^ L:GK= eU9 eUN9> >U>LG dU9M9K9LUKKNK 9> 9^=^ ÛdU9^P=^ M9 MN^LU^Na> M9 L:gUÛ:G^GWU^N`G^ 9^ 9: 9b9LUPGM= dGKG 9: LG^= eU9 9: <G::= :9



^9G d9KbUMNLNG:j f d=K 9: L=>PKGKN= 9: 9b9LUPG>P9^N9OdK9 d=MKg ^N ^9 L=>^NM9KG d9KbUMNLGM=7

3\ +GOWN9> ^9 G:9QG 9> =PK=^ N>LNM9>P9^ eU9 9: GKPDAA7B MN^d=>9 eU9 ^=:= LGW9 Gd9:GLNa> <K9>P9 G GUP=^M9<N>NPN`=^j f ^9 G:9QG eU9 ^N 9: GUP= MN^d=>9 eU9

^9 M9^9^PNOG :G =d=^NLNa>. 9^ d=K eU9 9^ M9 O9K=PKgONP9 f ^N d=K 9: L=>PKGKN= :G 9^PNOG. 9^M9<N>NPN`=. f d=K 9^= :G KG]a> M9 MNLcG MN<9K9>LNG7'9 PKGPG M9 U>G GKQUO9>PGLNa> eU9 >= ^9 `9 K9^dG:MGM=d=K dK9L9M9>P9 :9QG: G:QU>= 9> :G :9Lj 9^ MN^LUPNW:9bUKhMNLGO9>P9 eU9 U> ONÔ= GUP= P9>QG 9: LGKgLP9K M9O9K= PKGONP9 = M9<N>NPN`= ^NOd:9O9>P9 d=K 9:L=>P9>NM= M9 :G M9LN^Na> f G eUN9> <G`=K9]LG.N>M9d9>MN9>P9O9>P9 eU9 9: dK=L9^= M9 9b9LULNa>cNd=P9LGKNG P9>QG U>=^ dK9ÛdU9^P=^ <G`=KGW:9^ dGKG9: 9b9LUPG>P9 9> LUG>P= G K9eUN^NP=^ dGKG dK=L9M9K GN>NLNGK :G 9b9LULNa> = :NONPGK :=^ O=PN`=^ M9=d=^NLNa>j d9K= 9> LUG>P= G :G K9QU:GLNa> M9 O9MN=^M9 dKU9WG. G:9QGLN=>9^. K9LUK^=^. M9W9 cGW9K NQUG:MGMf K9LNdK=LNMGM7 m 9: GUP= eU9 K9Û9:`9 U> N>LNM9>P9M9 =d=^NLNa> 9> LUG>P= G: <=>M= L=O= GL=>P9L9 9> 9^P9ÛdU9^P=. >= 9^ M9 O9K= PKGONP9 ^N>= M9<N>NPN`=j f 9>Gd=f= M9 MNLcG GKQUO9>PGLNa> dK=L9M9 9HGON>GK 9: GKPAIA M9 :9L. M=>M9 ^9 MN^d=>9 eU9 ^9 dU9M9 N>P9Kd=>9KK9LUK^= GOWG^ dGKP9^ PKG^ :G K9^=:ULNa> M9 U>N>LNM9>P9 M9 =d=^NLNa>. ^9>LN::GO9>P9 d=K eU9 9: GUP=eU9 K9Û9:`9 U>G =d=^NLNa> d=K O=PN`=^ M9 <=>M= 9^M9<N>NPN`=. f ^N9>M= MN^LUPNW:9 eU9 U> ONÔ= GUP=P9>QG U> LGKgLP9K M9<N>NPN`= = M9 O9K= PKGONP9M9d9>MN9>M= 9: ^9>PNM= M9 :G dGKP9 MN^d=^NPN`G7

D\2 5=K G:QU>G M9 :G^ dGKP9^ 9b9LUPG>P9^ ^9 N>`=LGeU9 9> :G K9MGLLNa> G>P9KN=K M9: ONÔ= dK9L9dP= ^9^9TG:GWG eU9 ^=:= LGWhG K9LUK^= dGKG 9: LG^= eU9 ^99^PNOGKG 9: O=PN`= M9 :G =d=^NLNa> f ^9 ^=WK9^9f9KG9: dK=L9MNON9>P=. L=> := eU9 ^=:= d=MhG K9LUKKNK 9:9b9LUPG>P9 f ^9 :NONPGWG PGOWN;> :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9K9LUK^= M9 9b9LUPGM=7 +G: MGP= 9^ N>>9QGW:97 59K=M9W9 ^9TG:GK^9? B\ 9^P9 bU]QGM=K d:G>P9G :G LU9^PNa>i>NLG f 9HL:U^N`GO9>P9 ^=WK9 :G d=^NWN:NMGM M9K9LUK^= <K9>P9 G: O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa> M9 G:9QGLNa> M9

L:gUÛ:G GWU^N`G eU9 9^ U>G LU9^PNa> M9 <=>M= fbUKhMNLG f >U9`G. 9 N>PK=MULNMG d=K dKNO9KG `9] 9> :G:9f BE0JB3 LUfG <N>G:NMGM 9^ :G dK=P9LLNa> M9 :=^L=>ÛONM=K9^j 0\2 :G dK9^9>P9 LU9^PNa> ^9 cGd:G>P9GM= 9> :G dKNO9KG =d=KPU>NMGM eU9 PU`= 9^P9bU]QGM=K M9 Gd:NLGK 9^P9 dK9L9dP=. L=O= <U9 9> 9^P9dK=L9MNON9>P=. d=K := eU9 >= ^9 dU9M9 GLcGLGK eU9 >=^9 cGfG d:G>P9GM= G>P9^. dU9^ 9^P9 >U9`= O=PN`= M9=d=^NLNa> N>PK=MULNM= 9> 9: L=>P9HP= eU9 9Hd=>9 :G9Hd=^NLNa> M9 O=PN`=^ M9 :G :9f LNPGMG ^=:= ^99>LU9>PKG 9> `NQ=K M9^M9 9: BI M9 OGf= M9 0JB37 3\2)^P9 bU]QGM=K M9^L=>=L9 ^N G:QUN9> cG d:G>P9GM= :GLU9^PNa> M9 N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM M9 :G G>P9KN=KK9MGLLNa> M9: ONÔ= GKPhLU:=. K9MGLPGM= 9> =PK=O=O9>P= cN^PaKNL= f >= G: GOdGK= M9 :G 9Hd=^NLNa> M9O=PN`=^ M9 :G :9f BE0JB3 = N>L:U^= M9 9^P9 dK9L9dP= j



:= LN9KP= 9^ eU9 9^P9 bU]QGM=K >U>LG cG P9>NM= :Gd=^NWN:NMGM M9 LU9^PN=>GK^9 MNLc= dK9L9dP= d=KeU9LUG>P= 9: L=>PK=: M9 :9QG:NMGM 9^ Gd:NLGW:9 ^=:= G:LG^= L=>LK9P= f >U>LG ^9 dU9M9 d:G>P9GK L=O= P9OGQ9>;KNL=. f >= cG cGWNM= U> ÛdU9^P= eU9 := cGfGd9KONPNM= G: >= ^9K cGWNPUG: eU9 G:QUN9> ^9 cGfG=dU9^P= G :G 9b9LULNa> M9^dGLcGMG 9> 9^PG L:G^9 M9

dK=L9MNON9>P=. PG: `9] d=K :=^ 9^d9Lh<NL=^ O=PN`=^ M9=d=^NLNa> eU9 ^9 d=MhG> G:9QGK ^9Qi> :G G>P9KN=KK9MGLLNa> M9 :G :9f M=>M9 :=^ O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa>>= 9KG> bUKhMNL=^ ^N>= <=KOG:9^. dK=L9^G:9^ =GKNPO;PNL=^j PGOWN;> ^9 M9^L=>=L9 d=K >= cGW9K9>L=>PKGM= 9: bU]QGM=K ^N 9HN^P9 G:QU>G LU9^PNa> M9N>L=^PNPULN=>G:NMGM eU9 cGfG K9LGhM= ^=WK9 9^9dK9L9dP= 9> :G LU9^PNa> M9 K9LUK^=^. >N ^NeUN9KG cG^NM= N>`=LGM= d=K :=^ MN`9K^=^ 9b9LUPG>P9^. ^G:`= :GfG O9>LN=>GMG ^9>P9>LNG M9: +% M9 <9LcG BD M9MNLN9OWK9 M9 B1@0j f d=K =PK= :GM= M9W9 ^9TG:GK^9 eU9>= ^9 LU9^PN=>G 9: PKGPGON9>P= M9 :=^ =PK=^ O=PN`=^M9 =d=^NLNa>. ^N>= 9: Gd:NLGW:9 G: LG^= L=>LK9P= L=O=9^ 9: PKGPGON9>P= M9 :=^ K9LUK^=^ M9 :G^ L:gUÛ:G^GWU^N`G^ G:9QGMG^ d=K 9: 9b9LUPGM=. LU9^PNa> >U9`G fbUKhMNLG f >= O9KGO9>P9 OGP9OgPNLG = GKNPO;PNLG =<=KOG: L=O= 9: K9^P= M9 :=^ O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa>9HN^P9>P9. N>PK=MULNMG d=K 9: :9QN^:GM=K 9> :G :9fBE0JB37

59K= := OG^ NOd=KPG>P9 9^ eU9 ^N ^9 =W^9K`G :GK9MGLLNa> G>P9KN=K M9 MNLc= dK9L9dP=. >= cGf >N>Qi>PKGP= MN<9K9>LNGM= 9>PK9 :G^ dGKP9^ f d=K 9^= >U>LG^9 d:G>P9a U>G LU9^PNa> M9 L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM7 '9

dK9`; ^=:= M=^ ÛdU9^P=^. 9> :=^ eU9 >= cGfMN^LKNON>GLNa> dGKG >N>QU>G dGKP9j ^N 9: dK=L9^= ^9^=WK9^99. 9^ M9LNK ^9 GMONP9 M=^ M9 :=^ O=PN`=^ M9=d=^NLNa> K9QU:GM=^ fG ^9G d=K N>9HN^P9>LNG M9 M9UMG.= d=K 9HN^P9>LNG M9 U>G dK9>MG. cNd=P9LG O=WN:NGKNG= N>O=WN:NGKNG N>^LKNPG L=> G>P9KN=KNMGM G: QKG`GO9>eU9 O=PN`9 9: dK=L9MNON9>P=. LGW9 K9LUK^= d=K 9:9b9LUPG>P9. >= d9KbUMNLG>M= G: 9b9LUPGM= d=K LUG>P=LGK9L9 M9 :9QNPNOGLNa> dGKG K9LUKKNK G: ^9KW9>9<NLNGM= d=K :G K9^=:ULNa> f dUMN9>M= 9b9KL9K :GL=>PKGMNLLNa> 9> :G <G^9 M9 =d=^NLNa> G: K9LUK^=. >=9HN^PN9>M= MN^LKNON>GLNa> G:QU>Gj f dGKG 9: LG^= eU9

^9 9^PNOGKG = M9^9^PNOGKG. P=PG: = dGKLNG:O9>P9 9:^9QU>M= O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa>. 9^ M9LNK 9KKa>9G<NbGLNa> M9: ^G:M= . >= LGW9 K9LUK^= G:QU>=. dGKG>N>QU>G dGKP9. d=K := eU9 9: PKGPGON9>P= 9^ ^NON:GKdGKG GOW=^ f >= cGf PKGPGON9>P= MN^LKNON>GP=KN= dU9^:G d=^NLNa> dK=L9^G: 9^ ^NON:GKj L=O= ^9 GdK9LNG ^=:=9^ PKG^ :G K9QU:GLNa> M9 :G :9f BE0JB3. G: N>PK=MULNKL=O= O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa> :G G:9QGLNa> M9 L:gUÛ:G^GWU^N`G^. f MGK:9 U> PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>P9 G :=^K9LUK^=^ M9d9>MN9>M= 9: L=>P9>NM= M9 :G K9^=:ULNa>^=WK9 :G^ ONÔG^. 9> M9PKNO9>P= M9 eUN9> ^9Qi> :G:9f. M9WhG ^9K dK=P9QNM=. LUG>M= ÛKQ9 :G dK9^9>P9MUMG M9 L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM7 5&$ +#,+& ()X) ')n#*#$')_S) )* 5$)%)5+& +#* %&"& 6# '-(& $)(#%+#(& ),5$-,%-5-& ), S,# *)m (-%+#(# ), X),)F-%-& m5$&+)%%-o, ()* %&,'S"-(&$. 6# -,+$&(S%-(& ),



5)$RS-%-& ()* "-'"& S, +$#+& (-'%$-"-,#+&$-& $)'5)%+&#* )R)%S+#,+) _S) ,& )k-'+-# %&, #,+)$-&$-(#( # *#6&$# () 'S -lS#*(#( ), *&' #%+&' 5$&%)'#*)'7

A\2 # Û `9] M9W9 cGL9K^9 K9<9K9>LNG G :G L=OdGKGLNa>L=> =PK=^ ÛdU9^P=^ ^NON:GK9^ K9QU:GM=^ 9> :G :9L

PKG^ :G K9MGLLNa> M9 :G :9f BE0JB3 f 9> L=>LK9P= M9:GKP AIJ f ^^ eU9 K9QU:G> :G =d=^NLNa> M9:dK=L9MNON9>P= M9 9b9LULNa> =KMN>GKN=. M9MULN;>M=^9 M99::= eU9 9: i>NL= dK9L9dP= eU9 9^PGW:9L9 U>GM9^NQUG:MGM = MN^LKNON>GLNa> dK=L9^G: 9^ 9: eU9 ^9LU9^PN=>G :G L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM7 )> 9: GKP I1A ^9K9QU:G> :G^ LGU^G^ M9 =d=^NLNa> M9: dK=L9MNON9>P= M99b9LULNa> cNd=P9LGKNGj dU9^ WN9> 9> :G :9L 9> :=^GKP AIJ f ^^ K9QU:G> :=^ O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa> M9 :G9b9LULNa> >=KOG:7 mG ^9 cG 9HdU9^P= G := :GKQ= M9 :GdK9^9>P9 K9^=:ULNa> :=^ 9<9LP=^ M9 K9LUK^= 9> LUG>P=G :G =d=^NLNa> <=KOU:GMG L=><=KO9 G: GKP I1A M9 :G:9L. d=K := eU9 ^9 MG d=K K9dK=MULNM=7 'N ^9 G>G:N]G9: GKP AIJ . M=>M9 ^9 K9QU:G> :=^ O=PN`=^ M9=d=^NLNa> M9 <=>M=. ^NON:GK G :G G:9QGLNa> M9L:gUÛ:G^ GWU^N`G^. 9: PKGPGON9>P= dK=L9^G: 9^ 9:ONÔ= dGKG GOWG^ dGKP9^. dU9^ PG>P= ^N ^9 9^PNOGL=O= ^N ^9 M9^9^PNOG. LGW9 K9LUK^= M9 Gd9:GLNa> PG>P=dGKG 9: 9b9LUPGM= L=O= 9: 9b9LUPG>P9. dU9^ MN^PN>PG9^ :G LU9^PNa> M9 :=^ 9<9LP=^ M9: K9LUK^=j d9K= 9ÔG^. U>= M9 :=^ O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa> N>PK=MULNM= L=>:G >U9`G :9f BE0JB3 9^ eU9 :G^ L:gUÛ:G^ ^9G>GWU^N`G^. f 9> PG: LG^= PG>P= ^9 9^PNO9 L=O= ^N >=.LGW9 9> Gd9:GLNa> 9: K9LUK^= d=K GOWG^ dGKP9^. ^N>9^PGW:9L9K PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>LNGM= dGKG U>= f =PK=

L=O= cGL9 9: GKP I1A M9 :G :9L7

(9W9 ^9TG:GK^9 eU9 >= 9^ L=OdGKGW:9 L=> 9: ÛdU9^P=dK9^9>P9 M9 NOd=^NWN:NMGM M9 K9LUK^=. 9: LG^= eU9^9 GKLcN`9 9: dK=L9MNON9>P= G: 9^PNOGK :G =d=^NLNa>M9: 9b9LUPGM= d=K O=PN`=^ <=KOG:9^ PG>P= M9: GKP AA1= I1A d=K ÛdU9^P=^ MN<9K9>P9^ G: G>G:N]GM= 9> 9: eU99: O=PN`= 9^ M9 <=>M= f >= M9 <=KOG . d=K LUG>P= 9>PG:9^ LG^=^ ^h ^9 PKGPG M9 U> GUP= M9<N>NPN`= eU9d=>9 <N> G: dK=L9^=. G: P9KON>GK 9: ONÔ=. f 9::=PKG^ 9^PNOGK U> O=PN`= M9 =d=^NLNa> M9: 9b9LUPGM=.

L=> := eU9 :G :9QNPNOGLNa> ^=:= dU9M9 L=KK9^d=>M9K G:9b9LUPG>P9. eU9 9^ 9: i>NL= d9KbUMNLGM=. f d=K PG>P=>= dU9M9 cGW9K U> PKGPGON9>P= MN^LKNON>GP=KN=. d=KLUG>P= 9: 9b9LUPGM= >= dU9M9 K9LUKKNK GeU9::= eU9 :9W9>9<NLN9. f ^N9OdK9 dU9M9 =d=>9K^9 G :G Gd9:GLNa>.L=> := eU9 ^9 QGKG>PN]G :G L=>PKGMNLLNa>7

+GOd=L= 9^ 9eUN`G:9>P9 9^P9 GUP= G :=^ GKP AAB7D fAA0 M9 :G :9L M=>M9 >= LGW9 K9LUK^= G:QU>=. d=KLUG>P= ^9 K9<N9K9 G: GUP= M9 M9^dGLc= M9 9b9LULNa>M=>M9 >= cGf PKGPGON9>P= MN<9K9>LNGM= M9 :G^ dGKP9^ G:G c=KG M9: K9LUK^=. f >= G :G K9^=:ULNa> M9 U>N>LNM9>P9 M9 =d=^NLNa> 9> M=>M9 M9d9>MN9>M= ^N 9K9^

9b9LUPG>P9 = 9b9LUPGM= LGW9 = >= K9LUK^= ^=WK9 :GONÔG LU9^PNa>7



_S-,+&2 5=K P=M= := 9HdU9^P= ^9 9:9`G :G dK9^9>P9LU9^PNa> M9 N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM. =>BC>DE; FGDFCHEIG; '''J F=EHDIG; 0J CIKE; %LJ N> GF G>T %9:7%bJMI> NF IKF =>NFDDOPK KI>QF FG F=E R8S N> GF G>DJ TMI> E=FB GF UOBUF NF GF C;BO<OGONFN N> MI> >G>V>DIEFN; WOC;E>DF=O; CI>NF FG>XF= D;U; U;EOQ; N>;C;BODOPK >G DF=YDE>= F<IBOQ; N> GFB DGYIBIGFB >K BI

CIKE; %$LZJ >K =>GFDOPK D;K >G CIKE; L CY==F[;B>XIKN;. cG Ù:>9KGM= 9> LUG>P= G :G K9QU:GLNa> M9:^N^P9OG M9 K9LUK^=^ L=>PKG :G K9^=:ULNa> eU9 K9Û9:`G:=^ O=PN`=^ M9 =d=^NLNa> 9HdU9^P=^ K9L=>=LNM=^:9QG:O9>P9. :=^ GKP BD f 0D M9 :G %=>^PNPULNa>. G:Ûd=>9K U> PKGPGON9>P= MN^LKNON>GP=KN= fM9^NQUG:NPGKN= ^N> GdGK9>P9 = 9Hd:hLNPG bU^PN<NLGLNa>9> 9HL:U^N`= d9KbUNLN= M9: 9b9LUPGM=

4&-*+ "')4#)'*'1&

#LU9KM=?

B7 5K=O=`9K :G LU9^PNa> M9 N>L=>^PNPULN=>G:NMGM 9>:=^ ^NQUN9>P9^ P;KON>=^?

\I> B> N>DGF=> GF OKD;BKEOEIDO;KFGONFN N>G F=E R8S$L CY==F[; B>XIKN; >K =>GFDOPK D;K >G F=E R8S$%J LZ N>GF G>D >K GF =>NFDDOPK NFNF C;= GF 2>T %9:7%b N>

U>NONFB CF=F =>[;=]F= GF C=;E>DDOPK F G;B N>IN;=>BWOC;E>DF=O;BJ =>>BE=IDEI=FDOPK N> N>INF T FGMIOG>=B;DOFG >K BI DFCHEIG; '''J F=EHDIG; 0J CIKE; %LJ FG

C=OQF= FG >V>DIEFN; N> GF C;BO<OGONFN N> =>DI==O= GF=>B;GIDOPK MI> =>BI>GQF IK OKDON>KE> N> ;C;BODOPK

FKE> IKF >V>DIDOPK NOK>=F=OF XF=FKEO]FNF D;K WOC;E>DF C;= FG>XFDOPK N> DGYIBIGFB F<IBOQFBJ >K FMI>GG;BDFB;B >K G;B MI> B> N>B>BEOU> >G U;EOQ; N> ;C;BODOPKJBO>KN; [O=U> >G [FGG; T K; E>KO>KN; UFB C;BO<OGONFNG>XFG N> ;C;K>=B> F GF D;KEOKIFDOPK N> GF >V>DIDOPKJF NO[>=>KDOF N> GF C;BO<OGONFN N> =>DI=B; MI> BO>UC=>EO>K> >G >V>DIEFKE> CF=F >G DFB; MI> BH B> >BEOU> >G

U;EOQ; N> ;C;BODOPK T >QOEF= GF [O=U>]F N>G [FGG;J C;= G; MI> B> WF QIGK>=FN; G;B F=E %L T :L N> GF/;KBEOEIDOPKJ FG BIC;K>= IK E=FEFUO>KE;NOBD=OUOKFE;=O; T N>B@OXIFGOEF=O; >KE=> GFB CF=E>BFKE> IK UOBU; FDE; C=;D>BFG >K IK UOBU; C=;D>NOUO>KE;

07 $GPN<NLGK :G Û^d9>^Na> M9: d:G]= dGKG MNLPGK^9>P9>LNG fG GL=KMGM=7

37 ):9`GK :G LU9^PNa> G: +KNWU>G: %=>^PNPULN=>G:bU>P= L=> P9^PNO=>N= M9 :=^ GUP=^ dKN>LNdG:9^ f M9:G^ G:9QGLN=>9^ M9 :G^ dGKP9^ f M9: "N>N^P9KN=FN^LG:7

#^h := GLU9KMG f <NKOG ''47 (=f <97

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