1. All substances are made from atoms. 2. There are about 100 different types of

atoms3. An element is a substance which

contains only one type of atom

AtomsAtomsAtomsAtoms

Atoms

The Periodic TableThe Periodic TableThe Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

Element, Compound, MixtureElement, Compound, MixtureElement, Compound, MixtureElement, Compound, Mixture

Element, Compound, Mixture

1. Atoms have a small central nucleus containing protons and neutrons

2. Electrons orbit the nucleus3. Protons, neutrons and electrons have

different masses and charges

Structure of an AtomStructure of an AtomStructure of an AtomStructure of an Atom

Structure of an Atoms

Atomic structureAtomic structureAtomic structureAtomic structure

Atomic Structure

Atomic structureAtomic structureAtomic structureAtomic structure

Atomic Structure

1. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus

2. In an atom, the number of electrons always equals the number of protons

3. Atoms do not have an overall electrical charge

Atomic numberAtomic numberAtomic numberAtomic number

Atomic Number

Atomic numberAtomic numberAtomic numberAtomic number

Atomic Number

1. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

2. The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number

Mass numberMass numberMass numberMass number

Mass Number

Mass numberMass numberMass numberMass number

Mass Number

CalculationsCalculationsCalculationsCalculations

Calculations

1. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons (e.g. carbon-12 and carbon-14)

2. Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

IsotopesIsotopesIsotopesIsotopes

Isotopes

IsotopesIsotopesIsotopesIsotopes

Isotopes

1. Each electron in an atom is at a particular energy level (or shell)

2. Electrons fill the lowest energy levels first (nearest to the nucleus)

3. The first shell can take a maximum of 2 electrons, the second shell can take 8, and the third shell can take 8

ElectronsElectronsElectronsElectrons

Electrons

Electron ShellsElectron ShellsElectron ShellsElectron Shells

Electron shells

Electron arrangementsElectron arrangementsElectron arrangementsElectron arrangements

Electron arrangements

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