Atom Structure Chapter 3. I. Defintion Atoms are the fundamental unit of which elements are...
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Transcript of Atom Structure Chapter 3. I. Defintion Atoms are the fundamental unit of which elements are...
![Page 1: Atom Structure Chapter 3. I. Defintion Atoms are the fundamental unit of which elements are composed. Atoms are the fundamental unit of which elements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649f1c5503460f94c321db/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Atom StructureAtom Structure
Chapter 3Chapter 3
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I. DefintionI. Defintion
Atoms are the Atoms are the fundamental unit fundamental unit of which elements of which elements are composed. are composed.
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II. StructureII. Structure
What makes up What makes up an atom?an atom?–3 Subatomic 3 Subatomic particlesparticles
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SubatomiSubatomicc
ParticleParticle
FoundFound ChargeCharge Mass Mass (amu)(amu)
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III. Atomic MassIII. Atomic Mass
Where is the mass Where is the mass of the atom found?of the atom found?–NucleusNucleus
p + n = amup + n = amu
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IV. Periodic tableIV. Periodic table
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V. PracticeV. PracticeLi Li NeNeClCl
How many protons, How many protons, neutrons, and neutrons, and electrons?electrons?
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VI. Atomic NotationVI. Atomic Notation
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Lets try!Lets try!
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VII. IsotopesVII. Isotopes
Why is the AMU not a whole Why is the AMU not a whole number?number?– ATOMIC MASS IS AN AVERAGE MASS ATOMIC MASS IS AN AVERAGE MASS
OF ALL ATOMS OF AN ELEMENTOF ALL ATOMS OF AN ELEMENT
ISOTOPE – Different numbers of ISOTOPE – Different numbers of neutrons in nucleus.neutrons in nucleus.
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IsotopesIsotopes
Protons job- giving the element Protons job- giving the element it’s identityit’s identity
Neutron’s job - give the element Neutron’s job - give the element more massmore mass
Isotopes- same element (same # Isotopes- same element (same # of protons), but different masses of protons), but different masses (so the # of neutrons can (so the # of neutrons can change!)change!)
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Isotopic NotationIsotopic Notation
This would be Carbon-This would be Carbon-1414
(the name of the element (dash) (the name of the element (dash) the mass of the element)the mass of the element)
This is Carbon-12 This is Carbon-12
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ExampleExample:: Chlorine has a mass on the periodic table of 35.453 amu. Chlorine has a mass on the periodic table of 35.453 amu.
There are 2 isotopes of chlorine. There are 2 isotopes of chlorine.
7755%% cchhlloorriinnee--3355
2255%% cchhlloorriinnee--3377..
ISOTOPES CONT….
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Sample ProblemSample Problem Chlorine-35 has an atomic mass of Chlorine-35 has an atomic mass of
34.969 amu and has an abundance 34.969 amu and has an abundance of 75.770%. Chlorine-37 has an of 75.770%. Chlorine-37 has an atomic mass of 36.966 amu and has atomic mass of 36.966 amu and has an abundance of 24.230%. Calculate an abundance of 24.230%. Calculate the average atomic mass of the average atomic mass of chlorine.chlorine.
Step 1: Multiply the mass of each isotope by its percent abundance
Step 2: Sum the results
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You TryYou Try Calculate the average atomic mass Calculate the average atomic mass
for element X. Can you figure out for element X. Can you figure out what X is? It is Used to treat what X is? It is Used to treat mental disorders.mental disorders.
ISOTOPEISOTOPE MASS MASS (AMU)(AMU)
AbundancAbundancee
%%66XX 6.0156.015 7.5%7.5%
77XX 7.0167.016 92.5%92.5%
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VIII. IONSVIII. IONS A neutral atoms have A neutral atoms have
same # of protons same # of protons and electrons.and electrons.
Atoms can gain or Atoms can gain or lose electron(s) lose electron(s) becoming a charged becoming a charged ionion
ExampleExample: Na has 11 : Na has 11 protons and 11 protons and 11 electronselectrons
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IONSIONS
• Na can lose 1 electron making it have a charge of +1
Na1+ or Na+
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IONSIONS
Some Some elements can elements can become become negative ions negative ions by GAINING by GAINING electrons.electrons.
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IONSIONS
Will gain 1 Will gain 1 electron electron therefore an therefore an overall (1-) overall (1-) charge.charge.
99+++ 10+ 10--= 1= 1--
FF--
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Ions Charges & The Ions Charges & The Periodic TablePeriodic Table
Label these on your periodic tables
Atoms want to be like the noble gases (group 8) because noble gases are very stable (unreactive/inert)… Other atoms will lose/gain electrons to become like one.
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IX. Bohr Diagrams IX. Bohr Diagrams Sec 11-2 (p. 366) Sec 11-2 (p. 366)
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Wave Mechanical ModelWave Mechanical Model
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A. Electron Energy LevelsA. Electron Energy Levels•Energy levels begin closest to nucleus & move further out
1st energy level = max. of 2 e-
2nd energy level = max. of 8 e-
3rd energy level = max. of 8 e-
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•An energy level must be full before electrons move to the next level. •An element is more stable when energy levels are full
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Practice- Lets draw them!
1.Lithium
1.Magnesium