Atmospheric modeling in the Climate System · Atmospheric modeling in the Climate System Joe...
Transcript of Atmospheric modeling in the Climate System · Atmospheric modeling in the Climate System Joe...
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Atmospheric modeling in the Climate System
Joe Tribbia
NCAR.ESSL.CGD.AMP
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The climate represents a coupled system
consisting of an atmosphere, hydrosphere,
biosphere, and cryosphere
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What is CCSM?
Coupler(CPL7)
Atmosphere(CAM3->4)
Ocean(POP)
Sea Ice(CICE4)
Land(CLM3)
Aerosols
Trop ChemAerosols
Strat ChemWACCM
Isotopes
(H,C,O)
Isotopes
(H,C,O) DynamicVegetation
Isotopes
(H,C,O)
BioGeochemistry
BioGeochemistry
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Some comments on CCSM configurations
• All components can be interactive
• All components can be replaced with “data models”– Information about that component is prescribed ---
read in from an external dataset
• CAM can be run with – Full interaction
– As a Chemical Transport Model(acts as a processor and conduit for exchangebetween other model components)
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Implementation Details in the atmosphere of possible
interest to the class
• Model performs sequential applications of a number of physical processes– State variables (temperature, winds, density, water substances,
trace constituents) are updated after each process representation is applied
• Within CAM processes are divided into two classes– “Dynamics” (the equations of motion = Compressible Navier
Stokes equations simplified to hydrostatic balance in the vertical, aka Hydrostatic Primitive Equations)• Dynamics = dynamical core = instantaneous solution requires
information in latitude, longitude, and height!
– “Physics” (diabatic processes such as radiative transfer, processes involving water phase change, chemistry, etc)• Physics = parameterizations = solutions typically only require
information in height = work on a column by column basis
– “Transport” (sometimes)
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Time LoopDynamics
Shallow Convection
Moist Deep
Convection
Dry Adiabatic Lapse
Rate Adjustment
Boundary Layer
Processes
Coupling to land/ocean/ice
Chemistry
Radiation
Stratiform Clouds,
Wet Chemistry,
Aerosols
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CAM dynamical cores available for use
• Spectral dynamics, semi-Lagrangian transport (SLT) for tracers --- Traditional– Spherical harmonic discretization in horizontal– Low order finite differences in vertical– Inconsistent, Non-conservative -> fixers required for tracers
• Semi-Lagrangian Dynamics, semi-Lagrangian Transport for tracers– Polynomial representation of evolution of “mixing ratios” for all
fields– Inconsistent, Non-conservative -> fixers required for tracers
• Finite Volume (FV) using “flux form semi-Lagrangian” framework of Lin and Rood– Semi-consistent, fully conservative– Lat-long and cubed sphere gridding
• Spectral Element (HOMME) with SLT– Local polynomial Galerkin discretization– Cubed sphere gridding (approximate parallel version of spectral )
Standard andused in the practicum
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Examples of Global Model Resolution
Typical Climate Application Next Generation Climate Applications
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Vertical resolution
Resolution near sfc 100m
Resolution near tropopause is >
1000m
Variable placement
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Standard Resolutions
• Spectral and Semi-Lagrangian dynamics – (~2.8x2.8 degree)– 26 layers from surface to 35km– (optional ~4x4 resolution (T31) through ~0.5x0.5)
• Finite Volume – (2x2.5 degree) – 26 layers from surface to 35km– (optional 4x5 resolution through 1x1.25)– (optional WACCM surface to 150km)– Half Atmosphere version (to 70km)– Advanced version with 31 layers
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High-Resolution Global Modeling is ValuableBut
Courtesy, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
Reference Panel
Still a Need to Treat Subgrid-Scale Processes
zoom T42
Grid
Galapagos
Islands
Panama
~ 130 km
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Mesoscale -5/3 spectrumNastrom –Gage spectrum
Observations
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The value of resolution
T370 (~30km) almost there Spectral Element (~15km)
n.b. compensated spectrum
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o Deep Convection+ Updraft Ensemble+ Downdraft Ensemble+ Closure+ Numerical Approximations+ Deep Convective Tracer Transport
o Shallow/Middle Tropospheric Moist Convectiono Evaporation of convective precipitationo Prognostic Condensate and Precipitation Parameterization
+ Macroscale component+ Microphysics component
o Dry Adiabatic Adjustmento Parameterization of Cloud Fraction
What is in moist physics?
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o Parameterization of Shortwave Radiation+ Diurnal cycle+ Formulation of shortwave solution+ Aerosol properties and optics + Cloud Optical Properties + Cloud vertical overlap+ delta-Eddington solution + Computation of shortwave fluxes and heating rates
o Parameterization of Longwave Radiation+ Major absorber and water vapor+ Trace gas parameterizations+ Mixing ratio of trace gases+ Cloud emissivity+ Numerical algorithms and cloud overlap
What is in SW and LW radiation physics?
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o Surface Exchange Formulations+ Land
- Roughness lengths and zero-plane displacement- Monin-Obukhov similarity theory
+ Ocean+ Sea Ice
o Vertical Diffusion and Boundary Layer Processes+ Free atmosphere turbulent diffusivities+ ``Non-local'' atmospheric boundary layer scheme
What is in Surface fluxes and Turbulence?
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Dynamics-Physics InterfaceConsider a prognostic equation for ψ (a generic variable)
Process Split (Spectral) Time Split (FV)
Physics={Moist, Radiation, Surface, Turbulence} symbolically
n.b. ORDER MATTERS !
gotten from iteration of
IN OPERATOR FORM
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What can you do with these models/tools?
• Use them as our most comprehensive statement of the earth’s climate system to explore the behavior of the system, E.g.:– IPCC Assessments of Climate Change– Interpreting & understanding the climate record– Predicting climate variability– Assimilate observations into usable analyses
• Attempt to improve the representation of component processes within this tool– Leads to a better understanding of the component
processes– Leads to a better understanding of the interactions
between processes and system behavior
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Some examples of Model Applications
• IPCC Integrations of 20th Century –attribution of warming to anthropogenic forcing
• Coupled ENSO predictions
• Gauging the predictability of decadal climate variability
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Natural
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Volcanism
Solar
IPCC: CLIMATE FORCINGS
Crowley, T.J., Causes of
Climate Change Over the
Past 1000 Years, Science,
289 270-277, 2000.
Atmospheric modeling in the Climate System
Joe Tribbia
NCAR.ESSL.CGD.AMP
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IPCC: CLIMATE FORCINGS
Anthropogenic
Greenhouse Gases
Industrial Aerosols
Climate Change 2001: The
Scientific Basis, Houghton, J.T.,
et al. (eds.), Cambridge Univ.
Press, Cambridge, 2001
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Calibrate with 20th century and test anthropogenic impact
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Some ENSO results 1year prediction
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2yr Enso prediction
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Decadal PredictabilityMOC in 20th Century Ensemble Integrations
PI CONTROL
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Some examples of Exploration of component processes and their interactions
• Sensitivity of CAM simulation to land/sea discrimination in convection
• How coupling to Ocean Model changes climate
• How our formulation of convection influences the climate syste
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Parametric sensitivity in CAMc0 (autoconversion rate)
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CAM change interaction consequences
Precip changes in DJF Stationary waves at 300 hPa
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Climate results for coupled system
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Revised/Dilute Standard/Undilute
JJA FV 2x2.5 1979-1988
Modifications to CAM Convectionby Neale & Mapes
Observationally based
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Dilute
Undilute
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Basic Version (what you will run)
• This is the standard version of cam3.5- Rasch-Kristjansson (RK) microphysics- CAMRT NCAR Radiation - Bulk Aerosol Model (BAM) prescribed- Holtslag-Boville (HB) PBL and Hack shallow cumulus- Lin-Rood FV dynamical core on lat-long grid
- Neale-Richter convection mods and GWD(Fr) changes
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Advanced (you may hear about)everything ready in September 2008
• Advanced mods from Basic:- Morison-Gettelman (MG) microphysics (II)- RRTM AER radiation code (III)- UW PBL/Shallow Cumulus (Bretherton+ Park)- UW Macrophysics (Park) (IV)
- Modal Aerosol Model (MAM) prognostic + AEROCOM emission (V)
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The End
physpkg.F90
cam_comp.F90
tphysbc.F90
tphysacF90