ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators

Topic: Water Pump

Prepared by:Levi Rock

Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

E: l.rock@aggiemail.usu.edu ; T: (435)797-; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.)

W: http://3/11/2010

03/10/10 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

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Outline – Reference list– To probe further– Major applications– Basic working principle illustrated– A typical sample configuration in application

(application notes)– Limitations and Specifications– Cost, Choice and Manufactures

03/10/10 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

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Reference list• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump#Applications• http://www.howeverythingworks.org/water_distri

bution.html• http://www.mcnallyinstitute.com/12-html/12-03.

html• http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/internal.h

tm

03/10/10 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

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To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc)

• Google search for:– Rotary pump– Centrifugal pump– Scroll pump– water pumps

03/11/10 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

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Major applications • Irrigation• Water Supply• Gasoline Supply• Air Conditioning systems• Refrigeration• Chemical Movement• Sewage• Flood Control• Marine services

Basic Working Principle• There are several types of pumps to be used to

move liquid or gases from one location to another. In order to understand the pumps we have to understand some of the physics and laws behind why they are needed.

• Basic Principles for Water Wells– Water has to travel tens if not hundreds of feet to

come out of the ground – The atmospheric pressure is keeping the water in the

hole and at the bottom

Basic Working Principle• Overcoming atmospheric pressure

– When drinking water people sometimes use a tool called a straw. The principle of the straw helps explain the usefulness of the pump with water wells.

– When the person starts sucking on the straw the water comes up. This is not because the person is pulling the water up with air but because the atmosphere is pushing down on the surface of the water around the straw.

Basic Working Principles– The longer the straw the

harder the person has to suck. This is because it requires more suction to lesson the pressure inside the straw.

– The same principle is used with pumps to get water out of wells. In order to get the water out of the well the pressure inside the pipes needs to be less than the atmospheric pressure.

Basic Working Principles

• Moving the handle on the hand pump causes the pressure to decrease inside the pipes and brings the water up and out to be used.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump

Basic Working Principles• Centrifugal pump

– The centrifugal pump uses the same concept as a fan blowing air. It has an impeller inside that relieves the pressure on the system. The pressure is sometimes called the head of the system.

– The size and shape of the impeller determines the efficiency for the application. The pump needs to be matched with the B.E.P. (Best Efficiency Point) in order to achieve the maximum liquid being pumps out.

– Works well for low viscosity fluids

http://www.etafilm.com.tw/images/Rotarypump.jpg

Basic Working Principles• Rotary Pump

– Handles high viscous fluids

– Takes the liquid in the open area and forces it out of the opposite hole

– Rotary pump uses a constant pressure to keep the liquid flowing

Basic Working Principles• Scroll pump

– Has two scrolls, one being fixed and the other rotating that causes the water to rotate

– Usually a higher efficient pump

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/58/3658-004-061948E8.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/632655/7035/Volute-centrifugal-pump&usg=__IMcXLxMuAG-z3HmeQK7_JexcUnA=&h=300&w=292&sz=14&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=RoRgPzzmXH9HIM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcentrifugal%2Bpump%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

Typical Configurations

• Centrifugal Pump– Typically the

centrifugal pump will pump the liquid to the top of the storage unit and let it fall into the container

Typical Configurations

• Rotary Pump– Typically the rotary

pump will be connected to the bottom of a container and fill it from the bottom up

http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/POWER/rotaryengines/murdoch1a.jpg

Typical Configurations

• Scroll Pump– Scroll pumps are

typically found in Air Conditioning systems, vacuum pumps and superchargers for automobiles

http://www-app1.gfz-potsdam.de/www/pb4/pg2/equipment/sims/images/ScrollInside.jpg

Limitations and Specifications• Centrifugal Pumps

– Needs to have the right impeller for the right load or it won’t be efficient

– Can only pump low viscous liquids such as water– Has to be primed before it can start pumping– Over time the wear can cause leaks around the

impeller because of corrosion– The maximum pressure or head of the centrifugal

pump is determined by the size and shape of the impeller

Limitations and Specifications• Rotary pumps

– High Viscous liquid– Medium pressure limitations– Usually requires moderate speeds– If fluid is low viscous it will slip– Will work against back pressure– Pulse free flow of the liquid

Limitations and Specifications• Scroll pumps

– Very limited by what it can pump– Used mainly for refrigeration and air conditioning– Takes about 2 to 2 1/2 rotations of the crankshaft for

one rotation of the scroll– Fewer moving parts so it is more reliable and lasts

longer– Very compact and small in size– Quiet and smooth in operation

Cost, Choice & Manufactures• Cost

– The cost of each type of pump depends largely on its size and capacity. The centrifugal pump will be the cheapest because of its design. The rotary is the mid class because it has more design to it. The cost of the scroll pump will be much higher because it is designed for a specific application.

• Manufacture– Each of these pumps have numerous manufactures to

choose from. Each manufacture has features that they add to the pump to make it a nicer choice

Cost, Choice & Manufactures• Choice

– Choosing the right pump depends entirely on the application that it will be used for. Some of the important factors to help determine which pump is right are:

• Viscosity of the fluid - Will the fluid be high viscosity or low viscosity?

• The head or pressure of the liquid