Assignment 1 01102015

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Individual Assignment Report 1

Sustainable Development of To

Kwa Wan, KowloonSCE5461 Sustainability & Infrastructure

Design

Technological and Higher Education Institute

of Hong Kong

Faculty of Science and Technology

Name of Authors: WONG Yu Hin

Student Number: 120505503Group 1BDate of Submission: 10/2015

Project Advisor: Dr. Wan

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Individual Assignment Report 1: Sustainable Development of To Kwa Wan, Kowloon

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Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2

Scope of Works ...................................................................................................... 3

Aims ....................................................................................................................... 3

Objectives .............................................................................................................. 3

Background Information of To Kwa Wan ...................................................................... 4

Site Conditions ....................................................................................................... 4

Geotechnical condition .......................................................................................... 5

Project need ............................................................................................................ 5

Performance requirements ..................................................................................... 5

Design Schemes - Upgrade the existing pedestrian infrastructures ............................... 6

Impact of design options ................................................................................................ 7

Primary Impact – Harming the existing structures ................................................ 7

Secondary Impact – Environmental impact ........................................................... 9

Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 10

Appendix ...................................................................................................................... 11

Attachment 1 – Reference .................................................................................... 11

Online resource .................................................................................................... 11

Literature resources .............................................................................................. 11

Attachment 2 - Management Action Plan ............................................................ 12

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SCE5461 Sustainability & Infrastructure Design

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Introduction

Shatin to Central Link (SCL) is one of the most important infrastructure of Hong Kong

in recent decade. To Kwa Wan area selected to construct two stations for this major

project. However, To Kwa Wan faces urban decay. This poor and complicateddeveloped area provides poor life quality to the local residents. SCL provides a chance

of starting the renewal plan of the locate residents and other stakeholders. After SCL

operated, To Kwa Wan Station and Ma Tau Wai Station will link up To Kwa Wan

community with the whole railway network and it would become an important part of

the interchange for the passengers to Kai Tak area, Kowloon city and Hong Hom.

Thousands of people will travel to To Kwa Wan every day in the future. In addition,

due to the redevelopment plan of To Kwa Wan, the population will increase from

120,267 to around 149,199 in 2065. For the sake of facing the new impacts from SCL

and the increasing number of residents, the current pedestrian infrastructures must

renew and reorganized in order to provide sufficient adaptability.

Figure 1: The outline zoning plan of To Kwa Wan

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Scope of Works

In this project, the sustainable redevelopment plan of the pedestrian infrastructures and

connectivity of the SCL is included. The focus is about how to improve the pedestrians’

environment and quality. The details of the redevelopment of the buildings or otherinfrastructures are not included.

Aims

This project aims to provide advice and recommendation for how to improve the current

pedestrian environment for To Kwa Wan that influenced by the To Kwa Wan Stations

and Ma Tau Wai Station in order to provide sustainable services for the stakeholders.

In addition, enhancing the connectivity of the pedestrian road highlights the historicelements and improving the living quality and the environment of the local residents

are other the three important elements of this project wants to achieve.

Objectives

I. To remedy the travel congestion by combining the grade-separated infrastructure

and footpath.

II.

To provide safe and convenient pedestrian crossing facilities.III. To weave and connect the To Kwa Wan Station and the surrounded trip attractions

efficiently.

IV. To review and provide possible improvements for the current pedestrian

environment.

V. To highlight the unique culture and history of To Kwa Wan.

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Background Information of To Kwa Wan

Site Conditions

Some area of To Kwa Wan is undergoing SCL and the Central Kowloon Route

constructions at the same time. There are numbers of excavation work is expected in

the surrounding area spontaneously. When the contractors started the construction stage

of the pedestrian infrastructures, they require coordinating with different site managers

to coordinate the heavy goods vehicles pass through the site area.

For the residents, To Kwa Wan is an aging area. During the design stage, the contractors

have to consider how to protect and reduce the inconvenience for the elderly, especially

for the emergency vehicles. In addition, To Kwa Wan has three existing major highways

now. When the construction is nearby those areas, diversion of traffic should planned

in order to reduce the effect to a minimum. Due to the high building density of To Kwa

Wan, there only can provide limited space for site formation. The site is comparatively

small that not convenient for using the precast structure.

There are numbers of the old shophouses surrounded the whole To Kwa Wan, most of

them are using footing which is relatively easy to be affected by the nearby excavationwork.

Photo 1: Sea view of To Kwa Wan

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Geotechnical condition

Most of the To Kwa Wan area is flat land. The flat land nearby the Victoria Harbor

obtained by reclamation. In addition, To Kwa Wan surrounds by two hills.

Figure 2: The topography of To Kwa Wan

Project need

In this project, a mature and sustainable, pedestrian infrastructure system would

propose in response to provide sufficient capability in the future To Kwa Wan. This

infrastructure system would depend on the population provision after the urban renewal,

Kai Tak development and the SCL.

Performance requirements

The performance of the grade-separated pedestrian infrastructures required to capable

of supporting the needs of pedestrian and not congested. The design of the

infrastructures should be sustainable with universal design in order to serve several

generations.

To Kwa Wan

surrounds by

hills.

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Design Schemes - Upgrade the existing pedestrian infrastructures

Due to the high building density, residents living in To Kwa Wan suffer from the

deterioration of the living environment and quality. There are always have heavy traffic

congestion on the highways affecting the air quality of their home.

In the new sustainable design schemes of the pedestrian roadwork, the extension of the

existing footpath and constructing grade-separated infrastructure are the design option

of the new pedestrian system.

Unfortunately, the extension of the footpath is not a possible method for To Kwa Wan,

although this method only consumes a small amount of resources and easy to construct,the limited space cannot allow this option to implement. In addition, it is not effective

to remedy the traffic congestion in order to reduce the conflict between vehicles and

pedestrians, which restricted the living environment and quality of the residents. For

the sake of improving the connectivity of To Kwa Wan, the footbridges and pedestrian

tunnels are more suitable for pedestrian crossing. Using grade-separated structure

allows traffic to move freely, with fewer interruptions, less trouble between traffic

movements reduce the risk for accidents and allows to link with the exit of To Kwa Wan

station and Ma Tau Wai Station.

After finishing the construction of the foot bridges and pedestrian tunnels, the existing

pedestrian crossing can now be reorganized, especially the one which causes traffic

congestion. The removal of useless pedestrian crossings can reduce the loss time due to

the pedestrian stage of the traffic light junction. But not all of the crossings would be

removed, the Engineer have to prevent all the traffic transfers to other area too quick

that cause the traffic congestion occur in other areas. In addition, not all areas is suitable

to construct grade-separated infrastructures. Some of the pedestrian crossing facilities

would remain unchanged.

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Impact of design options

Primary Impact – Harming the existing structures

Shophouses are the most common type of structure in To Kwa Wan. Most of the

shophouses have constructed at least 30 years ago. Footings commonly used in their

foundations. When the contractors started the excavation works, the soil foundation

may slip away and endanger the existing footings if there are not sufficient support on

the ground. When the soil slip happened, the soil foundation may not have enough

strength to support the whole structures and the structures would collapse.

Other than the slip of soil, most of the shophouses use common wall, which share the

same wall between two structures. If one of the footings or the walls are damaged, the

collapse may hinder the nearby common wall structures. Make Ma Tau Wai Road

Building Collapse as an example, the collapse damages the shophouses. In serious cases,

it would cause the series collapse like the Domino Chain Reaction.

Figure 3: The typical common wall structure

In order to reduce the chance of causing the tragedy, the Engineer must undergo detail

investigation of the shophouses including foundations and structures before started the

constructions of grade – separated infrastructures. Several safety percussions should

use during the construction stages.

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In response to provide safety percussions for the excavation sites during the

construction stage, when the contractors undergo excavation work for constructing the

pedestrian tunnels and the foundation of the footbridges, the hole must be supported by

light sheet piles and steel beams temporarily for the earth retaining until the

construction process finish.

Photo 2: Earth retaining using light sheet piles and steel beams

Photo 3: Typical light sheet pile

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Secondary Impact – Environmental impact

During the construction stage, the life quality of the local residents would affected in

different ways, including air, water and sound pollutions. During operation, the poor

site condition such as noise also affect the local residents. The outlook of theinfrastructures also important for the upgrade and fusion with To Kwa Wan.

In order to enhance the sustainability of the grade – separated structures, there are some

recommendation for the design. Firstly, To Kwa Wan is an aging area that there are

elderly and disabled, the universal design such as lift should adopt in response to their

needs. Secondly, the outlook of the infrastructure can design to show the consistency or

uniqueness of To Kwa Wan. The design of the foot bridges and tunnels can shape the

characteristics and highlights the history. Use the footbridge in Luxembourg as an

example, the designer considers the application and the outlook of the bridges. This

bridge not only provide useful access to the residents, but also improve the beauty of

the city.

Photo 4: Pedestrian footbridge in Luxembourg

In addition, installed the sound barrier and effective ventilation systems can provide the

best environment and experience for the pedestrian. The inner area can add the

information board for introducing the historic background of To Kwa Wan.

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Conclusion

Shatin to Central Line provides a great chance for To Kwa Wan to improve, but the old

pedestrian infrastructure is not capable for the future use. It may cause conflict between

the residents and the people who come to To Kwa Wan.

In order to reduce the impact from the new development to the residents, the grade -

separated pedestrian infrastructures are recommended. A sustainable, user-oriented and

innovative designed footbridges and tunnel suggested meeting for the future need of To

Kwa Wan.

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Appendix

Attachment 1 – Reference

Online resource

1.

www2.ozp.tpb.gov.hk, (2015). Statutory Planning Portal 2 (CW). [online] Available

at: http://www2.ozp.tpb.gov.hk/gos/default.aspx? [Accessed 18 Sep. 2015].

2. Durf.org.hk, (2015). 九龍城市區更新計劃 . [online] Available at:

http://www.durf.org.hk/klcity/index.php [Accessed 19 Sep. 2015].

3. Mtr-shatincentrallink.hk, (2015). MTR - Shatin to Central Link - Home. [online]

Available at: http://www.mtr-shatincentrallink.hk/en/home/ [Accessed 19 Sep.

2015].

4.

Pland.gov.hk, (2015). Projections of Population Distribution 2013-2021. [online]

Available at: http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/info_serv/statistic/wgpd13.html

[Accessed 21 Sep. 2015].

5. ursreview.gov.hk, (2011). 九龍城區「地區為本」《市區更新地區願景研究》

[online] Available at:

http://www.ursreview.gov.hk/eng/doc/Kowloon%20City%20Aspiration%20Study.

pdf [Accessed 21 Sep. 2015].

Literature resources

6. Knappett, J., Craig, R. and Craig, R. (2012). Craig's soil mechanics. Abingdon,

Oxon: Spon Press.

7. Schexnayder, C. (2008). Construction management fundamentals. [Place of

publication not identified]: Mcgraw Hill Higher Educ.

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Attachment 2 - Management Action Plan

Goal

Action Step

1. Propose the Renewal Plan

2. Site Investigation

3. Study the land ownerships

4. Coordination with MTR and other potential contractors

5. Prepare the preliminary design details

6. Estimate the possible site constricts

7.

Public Consultation

8. Study the Stakeholders’ point of views

9.

Discuss the recommendations with the Kowloon City District Council

10. Make the possible changes

11. Setup the Tender document

12. Open Tendering

13. Sign up contract with the selected Contractors

Assignment 1 01102015

Documents

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