ASME B 31.4 _I_

-

ASME-B31.4

ASME-B31.4 ( -), " , - , " 3 1994 (. Department of Defense, DoD). - - : -, , 156, 1000 23rd Avenue, Port Hueneme, CA 93043-4301. , 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. - - - , 345 East 47th Street, -, NY 10017.

: Army - ME Navy - YD-1 Navy - YD-1 Air Force - 99

FSC 4710

A. ; .

- -

ASME , B31

ASME B31.4a-2001

ASME B31.4-1998 -

- -

-, -, NY 10016 : 30 2001.

: 31 2002.

ASME B31.4a-2001 6 2001.

ASME -.

, -

, . , , , - . - - , - , , -.

ASME "", " " "" - , .

ASME - - , - , -, - , . - , - .

, - .

ASME , - - ASME, - .

- .

2001 -

-

1998 . , - . -.

. , - , ( ) A01 . 1998. 98. : . , A01, . - . xiii-xvi Roster 2 400.1.2(d) 12, 13 402.3.l(a) (1) API 5LU

(2) API 5L, Grade X80 15 402.4.3 API 5LU 33 421.1(d) 35 423.2.6 36 423.1 API 5LU 40 426.1 API 5LU 53 435.3.3 60, 61 451.6.1 (a) API RP 1107 API 1104 451.6.2(a)(2)(c) - 64 451.9(a) - 93-95 A 107 B31 : (1) ASME B31.4 1 1998.

31 2000., , -, No. 6.

(2) , , No. 4.

(c)

-

ASME , B31 AOI

. E. .,

. . , - . . ,

. A. , ,, .. , Exxon Mobile Upstream Res. Co., , A. E. , Bechtel Corp., , K. . , Williams Energy Services, , . . , Mobile E & P Technology, , .. , ANR Pipeline Co., , . M. , Texas Utilities-Pipeline Services, , . . , Reliant Energy Co., , .. , Solutia, Inc., , . . , , , .. , , , . A. , Edward Vogt Valve Co., , . M. , Willbros Engineers, Inc., , .. , UOP LLC, -, . K. , Frick York International, , . E. , Middough Association, Inc., , E. , General Engineering and Commercial Co., , T. . O' II, Veco Alaska, Inc., , .. , ABB-Combustion Engineering, , . III, Black Mesa Pipeline, Inc., , . T. , Parsons Energy & Chemicals, , E. . , Virginia Power Co., , M. . , Kiefner & Associates, Inc., , . . , Process Engineers and Constructors, Inc., , - .. , Sperko Engineering Services, Inc., , . . III, Coleman Spohn Corp., , . . , , , A. . , The Perry Nuclear Power Plant, , . . , , Div. of Labor Services, -, . A. , Ex-Officio Member, , , - . . , Ex-Officio Member, Consumers Energy Co, , . . , Ex-Officio Member, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc., , . . , Ex-Officio Member, ,, , A. . , Ex-Officio Member, A. D. Nance Associates, Inc., , . . , Ex-Officio Member, , ,

B31.4/11 - K. C. , , Williams Energy Services, ,

Xlll

-

. . O' II, -, Veco Alaska, Inc., , . III, -, Black Mesa Pipeline, Inc., , M. . , , ASME International, -, - . . , Barfield Engineers, Inc. , . . , Milepost Consulting Services, Inc., , A. E. , Bechtel Corp., , E. E. , Mustang Engineering, Inc., , . A. , , . . , Deatech Consulting Co., , E. . , Teppco, , . . , TD Williamson, Inc., , . . , Kiefner & Associates, Inc., , . . , H. Rosen USA, Inc., , A.. , , , M. ., American Petroleum Institute, , . . , Equilon Enterprises, , . M. , Gulf Interstate Engineering Co., , . . , Lakehead Pipe Line Co., , . T. , Parsons Energy & Chemicals, , . . , Phillips Pipe Line Co., , .. , , , . . , Pipeline & Terminal Engineering Consultants, , . . , Marathon Ashland Petroleum, LLC, , . . , Williams Energy Group, , . . , , , M. . , Bechtel Corp., , T. A. , Amoco Pipeline Co., , . E. , , , C., NTSB, ,

B31 . E. , ., , Victaulic Co. of America, , . . , -, . . , Inc., , . . , , , -, New York K. C. , Williams Energy Services, , . . , Mobil E & P Tech, , . . , Consumers Energy Co., , . . , Texas Utilities-Pipeline Services, , .. , Solutia, Inc., , . . , , , . . , , , . A. , Edward Vogt Valve Co., , E. , General Engineering and Commercial Co., , A. . , A. D. Nance Associates, Inc., , .. , ABB-Combustion Engineering, , . . III, Coleman Spohn Corp., , . . , , Div. of Labor Services, -, . A. , Ex-Officio Member, , , - . . , Ex-Officio Member, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc., , . . , Ex-Officio Member, ,, , . . , Ex-Officio Member, , , B31 . . , Consumers Energy Co., , . . , , , -, New York . . , WFI International, Inc., , . . , Arco Alaska, Inc., , E. , General Engineering and Commercial Co., ,

XIV

-

. . , E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., , . . , , , . . , Process Engineering & Constructors, Inc., , . . , Sperko Engineering Services, Inc., , E. . , ., Babcock & Wilcox, ,

B31 M. . , , Bechtel Power Corp., , .., , ASME International, - ., Sebesta Blomberg & Associates, , .. , Shaw Group/Fronek Co., , .. , Black & Veatch, , .. , CCM 2000, , . A., Trinity-Ladish, ,

B31 .. , , Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc., , .. , , ASME International, -, - . A. , Westinghouse Savannah River Site, , . IV, Becht Engineering Co., , . . , Pressure Sciences, Inc., , . . , WFI International, Inc., , Texa .. , Arco Alaska, Inc., , . A. , Tennessee Valley Authority, , . . , SSD, Inc., , . . , D. B. Riley, Inc., , . . , UOP LLC, , . , Naval Sea Systems Comm., , T. . , Consultant, , . , General Engineering and Commercial Co., , . C. , J. C. Minichiello Consulting, Inc., , A. . , A. D. Nance Associates, Inc., , T. . O' II, Veco Alaska, Inc., , A. . , Paulin Research Group, , . . , Hart Design Group, , . A. , Kellogg Brown & Root, , M. . , Kiefner & Associates, Inc., , . , Berkeley Engineering & Research, Inc., , . . , Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc., , E. A. , Wais and Associates, Inc., , . E. , Brown & Root, , E. C. , , , ,

B31 T. A. , Pipeline Safety Engineer, , . , Texas Department of Labor and Standards, , . A. , , Department of Housing/Boiler Section, , . . , , Oklahoma Department of Labor, , . . , North Carolina Department of Labor, , .. , Alabama Public Service Commission, , .T. , Ohio Department of Commerce, , M. , Regie du Batiment du Quebec, , , K. T. , Alberta Boilers Safety Association, Edmonton, , . . , New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission,, . . , Manitoba Department of Labour, , , A. . , Fire and Building Boiler and Pressure Vessel Division, , . . , Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Branch, , ,

XV

-

. A. , North Dakota Public Service Commission, , P., , , M. E. , , Department of Labor, , . A. , Nebraska Department of Labor, , . . , Iowa Utilities Board, -, . . , The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, , . E. , Division of Labor/State of Colorado Boiler Inspections, , C. . , National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, , . A. , AC1 Central, Charlottetown, , T. . , Rhode Island Department of Labor, ,

B31 American Pipe Fitting Association . American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers . . Chemical Manufacturers Association . . Copper Development Association A. Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association T. . Edison Electric Institute . . International District Heating Association . M. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry . A. National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors . E. National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau J. National Fire Protection Association T. C. National Fluid Power Association . . Valve Manufacturers Association . A.

-

XVI

I

.

400. .

(a) - ASME , B31. . , , -. .

(b) - , - . -, - . , .

(c) - , , , , - - , - - .

(d) - , , , , -, - . - , - - -. () , - . . - - . , , - , .

. (f)

, -, , - , , - , , . , , 6 - , ; , . , ASME ANSI, , , , . - 6 , -, 6- .

(g) , , , , -, , , . , - , , , - 195- , 49-, .

400.1

400.1.1 , -, , , , -

1

-

, , ,

, , , , , -, , - , - , , , - , (-, ), . ( . 400.1.1.)

, , , , , -, , -. , -. , , - . 400.1.2(b).

IX.

: () -

- (, ), , , - , ;

(b) , - ;

(c) , - , -, , , -;

(d) , - , , , - [ 400(c) (d)].

400.1.2. : (a) , -

, , , , ; (b) , , , -

-, , - 423.2.4(b);

(c) , - : (1) 15 (1 ) - , ; (2) 15 (1 ) -, 20F (-30C) 250F (120C); A01 (d) , , , , -

, ;

(e) , , , , , , , - 400.1.1(c);

(f) ; (g) ,

, - . 423.2.4(b);

(h) - ASME B31.5, ;

(i) .

400.2 -

. :

- .

: -, , - .

: , - - - .

: - , , , -.

: , - .

: - , - , .

: , , .

: .

, AWS A3.0 (*). - , , - AWS A3.0.

2

-

- .

402.3.1 (a) S,

. 404.1.2 - :

S = 0.72 x x , . ()

: 0.72 = , - . , , - - - .

E = ( . 402.4.3 402.4.3) 402.3.1(a)

.

(b) S . 404.1.2 - (a), . 405.2.1(b).

(c) S, . 404.1.2 - - ASTM A 120 . 405.2.1(c).

S = 0.72 , () [24,000 (165 )] , - . 437.6.6 437.6.7

: 0.72 = , - . , , - - - .

E = ( Table 402.4.3)

(d) S, . 404.1.2 , , , 600F (300C) ( ), 75% -

, . 402.3.1 (a), (b), (c). (e) -

45% , 90% - .

(f) , , 66% -. 45% 90% . , - 24,000 (165 ) .

(g) , - -, - .

402.3.2 - (98) - . -, - S, - . 402.3.1 (a), (b), (c), (d), - , . 402.3.

(a) - . , , - . 403 404.

(b) - . - . 419.6.4(b) - 90% . SA . 419.6.4(c) 72% .

(c) . - , [ . 419.6.4(c)] 75% - SA (c).

402.3.3 - (a) . - , -, , , 80% -.

11

-

A01 402.3.1(a)

-

-

- ()

- E

- S, -20F 250F ( -30C 120C), ()

API 5L API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 106 API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 106 API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L ASTM A 106 ASTM A 333 ASTM A 524 ASTM A 524

A25 A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80 C 6 I H

25,000 (172) 30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (289) 46,000 (317) 52,000 (358) 56,000 (386) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448) 70,000 (482) 80,000 (551) 40,000 (278) 35,000 (241) 35,000 (241) 30,000 (207)

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .00 1.00

18,000 (124) 21,600 (149) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (208) 33,100 (228) 37,450 (258) 40,300 (278) 43,200 (298) 46,800 (323) 50,400 (347) 57,600 (397) 28,800 (199) 25,000 (174) 25,200 (174) 21,600 (149)

,

ASTM A 53 API 5L I II

A25

25,000 (172) 25,000 (172)

0.60 0.60

10,800 (74) 10,800 (74)

API 5L API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 135 API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 135 API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L ASTM A 333

A25 A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80 6

25,000 (172) 30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (289) 46,000 (317) 52,000 (358) 56,000 (386) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448) 70,000 (482) 80,000 (551) 35,000 (241)

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

18,000 (124) 21,600 (149) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (208) 33,100 (228) 37,450 (258) 40,300 (279) 43,200 (297) 46,800 (323) 50,400 (347) 57,600 (397) 25,000 (174)

12

-

402.3.1(a) ()

-

-

- ()

- E

- S, -20F 250F ( -30C 120C),

()

ASTM A 134 ASTM A 139 ASTM A 139 ASTM A 671 ASTM A 671 ASTM A 672 ASTM A 672

A B

30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) (1) (1) (1) (1)

0.80 0.80 0.80 1.00 [(2),(3)] 0.70 [ (4)] 1.00 [(2),(3)] 0.80 [ (4)]

17,300 (119) 20,150 (139)

API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381

A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80 Y35 Y42 Y46 Y48 Y50 Y52 Y60 Y65

30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (289) 46,000 (317) 52,000 (358) 56,000 (386) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448) 70,000 (482) 80,000 (551) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (290) 46,000 (317) 48,000 (331) 50,000 (345) 52,000 (358) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448)

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

21,600 (149) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (208) 33,100 (228) 37,450 (258) 40,300 (278) 43,200 (298) 46,800 (323) 50,400 (347) 57,600 (397) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (209) 33,100 (228) 34,550 (238) 36,000 (248) 37,450 (258) 43,200 (298) 46,800 (323)

: (a) S, 0.72 E ( -) x . (b) . -

, ASTM A 120, - () . 402.3.1.

(c) , [. . 404.3.1(d)(3)] , , , , ( II, 5), .

(d) , . (e) for

600F (300C) ( ) 75% . (f) . 400.2. (g) (1 = 1 ).

: (1) . 402.3.1 S. (2) 12, 22, 32, 42 52. (3) . (4) 13, 23, 33, 43 53.

13

-

.

, . (b) . ,

, . 402.3. -, , - , - , .

402.4 .

402.4.1 . , -, VIII.

402.4.2 . () A . 404.1.1, (. . 414).

402.4.3 . - E 402.4.3.

402.4.5 .

, , , A.

402.5 .

402.5.1 . - - . , - - , .

402.5.1 . , - . API 5L , - .

405.2.3 . - , / - . , - , , , ,

- .

2

.

403 .

. 404. , , . 401 . 402.

404 -.

404.1 .

404.1.1 . (a) -

tn,, - .

tn = t + A

(b) , .

tn = , - ;

t = , - () . 404.1.2 . . 402.3.1 . A402.3.5, , - - , - .

A = , . 402.4.2, , . 402.4.1, , -, . 402.1.

P; = (. . 401.2.2), ()

D = () S ,

(), . 402.3.1 (a), (b), (c), (d)

14

-

402.4.3

[ (1)] ASTM A 53 ASTM A 106 ASTM A 134 ASTM A 135 ASTM A 139 ASTM A 333

ASTM A 381

ASTM A 671 ASTM A 672 API 5L

( ) ( ( ( , ( NPS 4 MRS 4

1.00 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.80 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00

1.00

1.00 [. (2), (3)] 0.80 [. (4)] 1.0 [. (2), (3)] 0.80 [. (4)] 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.60 (5) 1.00 [ (6)] 1.00 [ (6)] 0.80 [ (6)] 0.80 [ (7)] 0.60 [ (8)3

:

(1) ( ) . 400.2.

(2) 12, 22, 32, 42, 52.

(3) .

(4) 13, 23, 33, 43, 53.

(5) () ,

.

(6)

ASTM A120, .

(7)

ASTM A 120 NPS 4, .

(8)

ASTM A 120 NPS 4 , -

.

15

-

404.1.2 . , -

, - .

PiD Pid t=----------- (t=------------) 2S 20S

404.1.3 . -

-, - ( ). -, , , ( ), (. . 401.2.2).

404.2 .

- . 406.2.1 - . 406.2.3.

404.2.1 . , - . 404.1. . 434.7.1.

404.2.2 . (a)

- - - MSS.

(b) , - ASME B16.9, ASME B 16.28, MSS SP-75 , - , - , .

404.3 .

(98) 404.3.1 . - , , - , - .

(a) (I)

, - - MSS.

(2) , , - ASME B16.9 MSS SP-75 - , , - , -. , , -

, , (2).

(b)

(1) - - - , , (2) (8), .

(2) -, , - - . - , - . , - , - , , -, , . , .

(3) : (a) ,

- , -, .e., h,, > r,,. . . 404.3. l(b)(3).

(b) , , , .

(c) , .

(4) . , - . 404.3.1(b)(3). ().

d = dc =

16

-

(11) , -. : (a) r0\ 0.05 d 38 (1.5 .); (b) ra :

(1) DN200 (NPS 8) 0.10d + 13 (0.50 ); (2) DN200 (NPS 8), 32 (1.25 );

(c) , 45 - (a) (b) ; (d) .

. 419.6.4(c) A - ()

420 - 420.1

, -, , , , -, , - .

421 .

421.1 , .

(a) - , .

(b) .

(c) . - , , , .

(d) , , , , - , , - .

MSS SP-58 -

6 - .

422 .

422.3 -

-, - , - 15 (1 ) - .

422.6 .

- .

422.6.1 - - , .

422.6.2 - , , , . - -

33

-

III 423

. 423.1

.

(a) - , 423.1, - . - , , -- A, - 423.1 a. A - , - . , , 423.1, - .

(b) - , , , . -, , - .

423.2 .

423.2.1 . (a) -

. (b) -

. , , - . , - .

423.2.3 . 423.1 ( , - 423.2.5).

423.2.4 , -. (a) , ,

- - 407.1 (a), 407.l(b), 423.2.4(b).

(b) , - , - 400.1.2(b) [. 400.1.2(g)], -, , 250 (17 ).

423.2.5 . , , - A, , , - . -, - -. , -. , ,

. ,

, A, - , - -, - -.

423.2.6 - . -

. 425 , - .

425.3 . -

408.4. 425.4 .

408.5.

35

-

423.1 A01

, , , ............. ASTM A 53 ................................ ASTM A 106 , , ( ) ( NPS 16 ) ................... ASTM A 134 , ........................................................................................... ASTM A 135 , , ( ) ( NPS 4 ) ..................... ASTM A 139 . ASTM A 333 ........................................................................................................................... ASTM A 381

.............................. ASTM A 524 .................................... ASTM A 530 , ........................ ASTM A 671 , ASTM A 672 .............................................................................................................................................. API 5L ,

................................................................................................. ASME B16.5 , ....................................................... ASTM A 105 , ............................................................. ASTM A 126 , ............................... ASTMl A 181 , ......................................................................................................... ASTM A 182 , , ............................................................................................................................................. ASTM A 216 , , ............................................................................ ASTM A 217 - ........................................................................................................................................................... ASTWl A 234 , , ............................................................................................................................... ASTM A 350 ..................................................................................................................................................................... ASTM A 395 [ (1)] ................................................................................................................................................ ASTM A 420 , ................................................................. ASTM A 487 , , , , .............................................................................. ASTM A 694

....................................................................................................... A P I ^ , , .............................................................. API 6D , ................................................. API 600 .............................................................................. API 602 , 150.................................................... API 603

, - ............................................................................................................................................................. MSS SP-55 ...................................... MSS SP-75

-.............................................................................................................................................................. ASTM A 193 - ................................................................................................................................................. ASTM A 194 ............................................... ASTM A 307 ASTM A 320

....................................................... ASTM A 325 , ASTM A 354 ........................................................................... ASTM A 449

36

-

IV

426 - - .

426.1 . -

426.1. - , 423.1, - , - 426. -, - 426.2.

426.2 . -

, , 404. - , - , .

426.3 . , - 426.1 (. 414.1).

39

-

426.1

( API. 5L, 5LS, 5LX)

, , ,

, , , , 150

, , , ,

,

( UN UNR) l , () ()

, ,

ASME B36.10M ASME B36.19M

API 5L

ASME B16.5 ASME B16.9 ASME B16.10 ASME B16.20 ASME B16.21 ASME 616.25 ASME 616.28 API 6A API 6D API 600 API 602 API 603

MSS SP-6 MSS SP-25 MSS SP-44 MSS SP-61 MSS SP-67 MSS SP-70 MSS SP-71 MSS SP-75 MSS SP-78 ASME Bl.l ASME Bl.20.1 ASME Bl.20.3

API 56

MSS SP-69

: , A, 426.1 . A - .

40

-

434.24.3

, - - .

434.24.4 - - 435.

435 .

435.1 . ,

, , , - .

435.2 . 435.2.1

, - - , .

435.2.2 -, - , -.

435.2.3 , -.

435.3 . 435.3.1 -

, - - .

435.3.2 .

435.3.3 - - , - . 434.8 .

435.2. 435.4 .

435.4.1 -, , , , - - -, .

435.4.2 , - , - , .

435.4.3 - - 404.3.1(b) 404.3. l(e) 404.3. l(b)(3) 404.3.1(d)(2), -. - - . .

435.4.4 , - . - .

435.4.5 - 434.8.

435.4.6 - -. .

5.5 , ,

435.5.1 - - .

435.5.2 - -, - .

53

-

VII

450 - , - - .

450.1 .

(a) , , . , - , , , - .

(b) , , , - , - -.

(c) , - ( , ) .

(d) - - , - . - :

(1) - ;

(2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; (6) /

; (7) /,

, 50 (190 ) . - , . - , - .

450.2 . ,

, :

(a) - , -, , - ; - - 451 452.

(b) - - , , 453 - VIII;

(c) - , 454 , ; , , ;

(d) , - , - - , , , , , -, - - - 402.1;

(e) -, - , - - -;

(f) , - ;

(g) - , -, 455

59

-

(h) , 457;

(i) , , - - - ;

(j) , ;

(k) , , - -.

451 - .

451.1 .

(a) , , - , 402.2.3, - 10% - 402.2.4.

(b) , 20% - , 456.

(c) - , 451.7.

(d) , , - - - - .

451.2 .

- .

451.3 . ()

, , . .

(b) () , - . - , , - . - , . - API RP 1109/

451.4 - .

(a) - .

(b) , .

451.5 .

(a) - , , , , , - -. , , - , - . - , - 2 , -, , , - 1 , , .

(b) - , , , - , , , - , -.

451.6 .

451.6.1 . (98) (a)

A01 [ . 450.2(a)]

60

-

-, - . - - API Publ. 2200, API Pub. 2201, API Standard 1104, API RP 1111. , , , - , , , - API Publ. 2200. , - , , , - , , - , , - API Publ. 2200 . , , API Publ. 2201 , , . - .

(b) , , . , , , :

(1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) . -

. 451.6.1 (a).

451.6.2 / (a) (1) 12'/2% -

-.

(2) :

(a) ,

; (b) , -

(c) !/4 (6 )

NPS 4 6% NPS 4.

(3) .

(4) . (5)

. 434.8.5(b) - .

(6) . , , , - (. . 451.7), - - , . 404.1.2 - .

(7) . -, (. . 451.7), -, . 404.1.2 - . -, -, . - - 80% . (ERW), - , - , -- . , - , - . - . - , .

_____ L=1.12BDtn :

= 115.0/1.1

/2

n

n

tctcB

. L = - . 451.6.2(a)(7), (), 4.0, - . 451.6.2(a)(7)

D = , () , () - , ()

61

-

. 451.6.2(a)(7) -

(8) ,

- . 404.1.2 - , - [. . 451.6.2(a)(7)] - , -

(. . 451.7). ASME B31G .

(9) .

(b) (1) ,

- . 401.2.2 -

(2) , - - - . 451.6.2(c).

(a) - - - , - - , .

(b) , , (, - ), - , .

(3) , - . - .451.6.2(a)(8). - - .

(4) , , , - 45 1.6.2(c)(5) (8). , -.

(5) , , , , - . 451.6.2(c)(9). , , .

(6)

62

-

- , - . 451.6.2(c)(13).

(7) . 451.6.2(c)(14). (c)

(1) - - . 434.8.3 API RP 1107. - - , . - .434.8.1(c).

(2) - . -, . 434.8.3.

(3) - 423.1, .

(4) -. - .

(5) 6 (150 ) . - . NPS 12 API 5L, Grade X42 . - . . - .

(6) - , . 4 (100 ). , - ( 45 ) . .

. (7) -

- 401.2 418.

(8) , - NPS 3 - - .

(9) - - - . . 451.6.2(c)(2).

(10) ,

- . 461.1.2. , - - .

(11) - , - , , .

(12) , - .

(13) - - , , . - NPS 12 , 1942 - 40,000 (276 ). 87.5% 125% . - 10 (3 ) . - 2 . . - --, . - -

63

-

- .

(14) - , - . -, . 455.

451.6.3 - , 20%

(a) . - , - . . 437.4.1. -, , - ( ) .

(b) . - - .

451.7 .

(a) - -. , . 451.7(b), - . 404.1.2 - - .

(b) , . 451.6.2(a)(7), - , - -.

: G = 0.893 LIDtn

= 4.0 -

Pd = , ()

Pi = - , - (. . 404.1), (bar)

L = . 451.6.2(a)(7), ()

tn, c, D, . . 451.6.2(a)(7).

G 4.0, Pd = 1.1Pi(1 -c/tn) pd pi

451.8

, , , , .

451.9 (a)

A01 - , . - ( ) - 0.90 ( - ), , - . API RP 1102 - - . API RP 1102 - - .

(b) -. - API RP 1102.

64

-

A 1 , ,

, . - ; . A , . (*) , , - (ANSI)

ASTM ASTM () MSS -

A 6/A 6M-99b A 505-00 SP-6-1996 A 20/A 20M-99a A 506-93 (1998) SP-25-1998 A 29/A 29M-99 A 507-93 (1998) SP-44-1996 A 36/A 36M-00 A 514/A 514M-00 SP-55-1996 A 515/A 515M-92 (1997) *SP-58-1993 A 53-99b A 516/A 516M-90el (1996) SP-61-1992 A 517/A 517M-93 (1999) SP-67-1995 A 105/A 105M-98 A 524-96 [Note (2)] SP-69-1996 A 106-99el [Note (2)] A 530/A 530M-99 SP-70-1998 A 12b-95el SP-71-1997 A 134-96 A 572/A 572M-00 SP-75-1998 A 135-97C [Note (2)] A 573/A 573M-93a (1998) SP-78-1998 A 139-96el A 575-96

A 576-90bel (1995)A 181/A 181M-956 API A 182/A 182M-99 A 633/A 633M-00 A 193/A 193M-99aA 194/A 194M-99 RP 2A-WSD, 20- ., 1993 Supp. 1-1996

A 216/A 216IV1-93 (1998) A 217/A 217M-99 A 225/A 225M-93 (1999) A 234/A 234M-99 A 242/A 242M-00

A 283/A 283M-00 A 285/A 285M-90el (1996)

A 307-97 A 320/A 320M-99 A 325-97 A 333/A 333M-99 A 350/A 350M-99

A 354-98 A 381-96 A 395-99

A 420/A 420M-99 [Note (5)]

A 449-93 487/A 487M-93 (1998) A 490-97/A 490M-93

A 663/A 663M-89el (1994) A 671-96 A 672-96 A 675/A 675M-90a el (1995) A 694/A 694M-00

NFPA

"30-1996 *70-1999

AWS *A3.0-1994 *D3.6M-1999

NACE MR-01-75 (2000 Rev.) RP-01-69 (1996 Rev.) RP-01-75 RP-01-77 (1995 Rev.) RP-06-75 -, 6- ., 1985

*. 5B, 14- ., 1996 *. 5I_, 42- ., 2000 [ (3)] *RP 5L1, 5th ., 1996 *RP 5LW, 2nd ., 1996 ( 5L1, 5L5, 5L6) *. 6A, 18- ., 1999 *. 6D, 21- ., 1994 *. 12B, 14- ., 1995 *. 12D, 10- ., 1994 *. 12F, ll- ., 1994 RP 17B, 2- ., 1998 *RP 500, 2- ., 1997 Std. 600, 10- ., 1997 Std. 602, 7- ., 1998 *Std. 603, 5- ., 1991 *Std. 620, 9- ., 1996 Std. 650, 10- ., 1998 RP 1102, 6- ., 1993 *Std. 1104, 19- ., 1999 RP 1109, 2- ., 1993

93

-

() API - () RP 1110, 4- , 1997 RP 1111, 3- , 1999 RP 1117, 2- , 1996 ., 2015, 5- , 1994 ., 2200, 3- , 1994 ., 2201, 4- , 1995 API

ASME *ASME -, 1998 Ed. 1999 *B1.1-1998 *B1.20.1-1983 (R1992) *B1.20.3-1976 (R1998) *616.5-1996 [ (4)7 *Bl6.9-1993 * B16.10-1992

ASME () *B16.20-1998 & 2000 * B16.21-1992 *B16.25-1997 *B16.28-1994 *B31G-1991 *B31.5-1992 -1994 "B36.10M-1996 *B36.19M-1985 (R1994)

: (1) , (, 53-96, 81.1-1998, SP-6-1996 () ) (2) , . (3) . , . (4) . 402.2.1. (5) 420/A 420M WPL9 . , , , 423.1 - 426.1 - :

API API API API API API API API API API API API API API API API API API API ASME ASME ASME AWS AWS NACE NACE NACE NACE NACE NACE

2A-WSD 5L1 5LW 128 12 D 12F 17B 500 620 650 1102 1104 1109 1110 1111 2015 2200 2201 B31G 831.5 A3.0 D3.6 MR-01-75 RP-01-69 RP-01-75 R P-01-77 RP-06-75

, - - , , , , , - , , : 831, - - - : - :

-

94

() NFPA NFPA

30 70

A:

ANSI API ASME ASTM

American National Standards Institute, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 212 642-4900 American Petroleum Institute Order Desk 1220 L Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005-4070 202 682-8375 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 212 591-8500 ASME Order Department 22 Law Drive Box 2900 Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 800 843-2763 201 882-1167 American Society for Testing and Materials 100 Bar Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 610 832-9500

AWS MSS NACE NFPA

American Welding Society P.O. Box 351040 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126 305 443-9353 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. 127 Park Street, N.E. Vienna, VA 22180 703 281-6613 National Association of Corrosion Engineers 1440 South Creek Drive P.O. Box 218340 Houston, TX 77218-8340 713 492-0535 National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269-9101 617 770-3000

95

-

ASME . B31

B31.1 B3 1.2' B31.3 B31.4 B31.5 B31.8 B31.9 B31.11 B31G

: ASME B31

1998 1968 1999 1998 1992 1999 1996 1989 (R1998) 1991

: 1) USAS B31.2-1968 18 . 1988. ASME - , - .

-

ASME B31.4 6

1 1998 31 2000 B31 B31.4 .

. , , . - .

, , , . , - . , , R. , , , .

ASME , , . , ASME . , ASME , , , , .

B31, B. 1 ANSVASME B3 1.4 ~-1986. 2 ASME B31.4a-1987.

3 ASME B31.4a-1991. 4 ASME B3 1.4a- 1994. - 5 ASME B3 1.4- 1998.

57

-

B31.4 400.1.1 ASME 31.4 .. 406.2, , 45, ... 423.1, ; 423.1, . 437.4.3 ... 434.8.6(a)-(2), l. .

4-69 4-68 4-70 4-71 4-72

B3 1-00-059 B3 1-00-058 83 1-00-060 B3 1-00-06 I B3 1-00-062

58

-

831.4 No. 6

: 4-68 ; ASME B31.4-1998, . 406.2, , : 15 2000 . : B31-00-058 4-68, 4-69, 4-70 (1): 12.5 - 10% 20% ? (1): . (2): , -, , -, 12.5 ? (2): . (3): ASME B31.4, . 406.2.2 , ASME B31.4, . 419.6.4(c)? (3): . : 4-69 : ASMP, 31.4 - 1998, . 400.1.1 (c), ; . 400. 1. 1, ASME B3 1.4 : 15 2000 : B3 1-00-059 : B31.4 . 400.1. l? : . : 4-70 : ASME B3 1.4-1998, . 423.1, ; 423.1, : 22 2000 : B3 1-00-060 : API 5L X80 - ASME B31.4 ? : .

59

-

No. 6 : 4-71 : ASME B31.4- 1998, . 437.4.3; : 23 2000 : B3 1-00-061 : . 437.4.1(c) () . 437.4.3? : . : 4-72 : ASME ?331.4- 1998, . 434.8.6(a)-(2), - : 13 2000 : B3 1-00-062 (i): (a) . 434.8.6(a)-(2), , . 434.8.6(a)-(2) / , - . (I): . (2): (b) . 434.8.6(a)-(2), , - ? (2): . (3): 12.75 O.D. x 0.500 w.t. API 5L X46 12.75 . O.D. w.t. API 5L X60 (b) . 434.8.6(a)-(2)? (3): .

60

-

B31.4 No. 4 , -

, - .

ASME , B31, B31.4 B31.4. . , - .

, - . , - , .

1998 C-1 .

: c 1 Case 167 Annulled

-

ASME ASME .

ASME'S, , . - : ASME ImechE

ASME

? -! * . , ,

, .

ASME 22 Law Drive, Box 2900 Fairfield, New Jersey 07007-2900

US & Canada: 800-THE-ASME (800-843-2763) Mexico: 95-800-THE-ASME (95-800-843-2763) Universal: 973-882- 1 167

24 973-882- 17 17 973-882-5155

E-Mail- 24 Infocentral @asme.org

*

. , - , . - . .

-

ASME B31.4 1998

-

ASME -, 31

-

-

ASME -, 31

ASME B31.4 1998

-

: 30 , 1999 : 31,1999

1998 , , ,

. 2001 . ,

; , 6 .

ASME . - . ASME B31 .

, , , . . .

. , . -, .

ASME .

,

. , , , -, . , - , , ,

ASME , - , .

ASME - - , - - , -, -, . - , . ,

. ASME , -

ASME, - .

.

- Three Park Avenue, -, NY 10016-5990

1999

-

-

.. ..

xi xiii xvii xix

I 400 400.1 400.2 400.1.1 400.1.2 II I 401 401.1 401.2 401.3 401.4 401.5 401.6 401.7 401.8 402 402.1 402.2 402.3 402.4 402.5 2 403 404 404.1 404.2 404.3 404.5 404.6 404.7 3

ASME B31.4, - (. . 400.1.2) ASME B31.4 - - -

1 1 2 3 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 14 14 14 14 14 16 16 24 24 24 25

III

-

II

405 405.2 406 406.1 406.2 406.3 406.4 406.5 406.6 407 407.1 407.8 408 408.1 408.3 408.4 408.5 409 4

411 411.2 412 412.1 414 414.1 418 418.1 5

419 419.1 419.5 419.6 419.7 420 420.1 421 421.1 6

422 422.3

422.6

404.3.1 (b)(3) 404.3.1(c)( 1) 404.3.1(c)( 2)

() , , , , , , , , , , , , -

25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 33 33 33 33 33 33 17 19 20

IV

-

II 404.3.1 (c)( 3) 404.3.1(d)(2) 419.6.4(c) 402.3.1 (a) 402.4.3 404.3.1(c) III 423 423.1 423.2 425 425.3 425.4 423.1 IV 426 426.1 426.2 426.3 426.1 V 434 434.1 434.2 434.3 434.4 434.5 434.6 434.7 434.8 434.9 434.10 434.11 434.12 434.13 434.14 434.15 434.16 434.17 434.18 434.19

() , k i. - , , , , , ,

21 23 31 12 15 21 35 35 35 35 35 35 36 39 39 39 39 40 41 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 43 47 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 50

V

-

V 434.20 434.21 434.22 434.23 434.24 435 435.1 435.2 435.3 435.4 435.5 434.8.6(a)-(l) 434.8.6(a)-(2) 434.8.6(b) 434.6(a) VI 436 436.1 436.2 436.5 436.6 437 437.1 437.4 437.6 437.7 VII 450 450.1 450.2 45 1 451.1 451.2 451.3 45 1.4 45 1.5 45 1.6 45 1.7 451.8 451.9 45 1.10 452 452.1 452.2

, () , , , , , . . . , ,

50 51 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 45 46 48 43 55 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 57 58 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 64 64 64 65 65 65 65

VI

-

VII 452.3 452.4 452.5 452.6 452.7 453 454 455 456 457 451.6.2(a)(7) VIII 460 461 461.1 461.2 461.3 462 462.1 462.2 462.3 463 463.1 463.2 463.3 464 465 IX A400 A400.1 A400.2 A401 A401.1 A40 1.9 A401.10 A401.11 A401.12 A402 A402.3 A402.4 A404 A404.1 A404.3 A405 A405.2 A405.3 A406

() , , , ,

65 65 65 65 65 66 66 67 67 67 62 69 69 69 71 71 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 73 73 75 75 75 76 76 76 77 78 78 79 79 83 83 83 83 83 83 84 84

VII

-

XI A406.2 A406.4 A406.6 A407 A407.1 A408 A408.1 A408.3 A409 A410 A410.1 A410.2 A414 A414.1 A419 A421 A423 A423.1 A423.2 A434 A434.2 A434.3 A434.4 A434.6 A434.7 A434.8 A434.11 A434.13 A434.14 A434.15 A434.18 A436 A436.2 A436.5 A437 A437.1 A437.4 A437.6 A437.7 A450 A450.2 A451 A451.3 A451.4 A451.5 A451.6 A451.7 A451.8 A451.9

() , , , , , , , , ,

84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 89

VIII

-

IX

A45 1.10 A451.11 A452

A452.5 A452.7 A454 A460 A46 1 A461.1 A461.3 A463

A463.1

A402.3.5 (a)

() , , , , - - B31

89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 91 91 91 80 93 97 99

IX

-

- - 1915 1925. - ( -) 1926 B31, , . B31 -, 1935 . -

1937. - -, -, , - . , - . 1942 . 1 2 1942 , -

1944 1947 , , , - , . , 1942 , , - , -. , -

, 1948 - , -. - , - , - .

, B31 1942 , 1951 ASA B31.1-1951, : () , ; () - , - ; (c) . 1 B31.1 1953 ASA B31.1a-1953. - - B31.1, 1955 ASA B31.1-1955. B31 1955 - B31 . ASA B3 1.4- 1959 - 3 B31.1-1955, . 1966 B31.4 , , , -, , - , -, . USAS B31.4-1966, - , - 1966. , 6 , 1969 - , USAS B31.4-1966 ANSI B31.4-1966. B31 - - B31 -, - , 40 -, , , .. B31, - , - .

XI

-

- , - B31, -, -.

ANSI B31.4-1966 1971 ANSI B31.4-1971.

ANSI B31.4-1971 1974 ANSI B31.4-1974.

1978, - B31 ASME , ANSI. 1979 - ASME ANSI 1 - 1979 , ANSI/ ASME B31.4-1979.

1979 , B31.4 -, - . -, -, .

, . B31.4. - "" B31.4 1981 ANSVASME B31.4b-1981. "c" B31.4 1986 ANSVASME B31.4 ~-1986.

B31.4 1986 1979 .

1986 , - , . - , . 31.4 B3, 1987 ASM/ANSI B31.4a-1987.

1989 B31.4 1986 .

1986 , - , . - , . 31.4 B3, 1991 ASME B31.4a-1991.

B31.4 1992 1989 . 1992 - - 15 , 1992, ASME B31.4-1992.

B31.4 1998 - 1992 . - - ( (98)) IX, - . 1998 11 1998, ASME B31.4-1998 .

XII

-

ASME

.. ,

.. , - . ,

.. , , - .. , , , .. , , , .. , , , .. , . . , .. , , .. , , , .. , , , .. , , , .. , .. . , .. , , , ., , , .. , , . , , , - .. , .. , , .. , . . , .. , ., , .. , , , .. , , , . ,, ASME , -, - B31.411 . . , , Phillips Pipe Line Co., , K C. , -, Mid-America Pipeline Co., , . , UI, -. Black Mesa Pipeline Inc., , . . , , ASME International, . , Barfield Engineers Inc. , . . , Conoco Inc., , . C. Milepost Consulting Services. Inc., , A. E. , Bechtel Corp., , .. , T, E. E. , Mustang, Engineering, Inc., , . A. , Colonial Pipeline Co.. , . . , Deatech Consulting Co., , . E. , Shell Oil Products Co., , E. . , , , E. . , Bechtel, , . . , TD Williamson Inc., T,

XIII

-

. . , Kiefner & Associates Inc., , A. . Ma, Consulting Metallurgical Engr., , M. . , American Petroleum Institute. , T. . O, II, Arco Alaska Inc., , . M. , Gulf Interstate Engineering Co., , . . , Lakehead Pipe Line Co., , . . , Parsons Energy & Chemicals, , Texa E. C. , Independence, . . , Pipeline & Terminal Engineering Consultants, , . , Williams Energy Group, , . . , US Department of Transportation, , . E. , Brown & Root Inc., , C. , NTSB, , B31 . E. , Jr., Chair, Victaulic Company of America, , . . , Vice Chair, Solutia, Inc.. -, . , Secreiary, ASME International, -, - . . , Consumers Energy, , A. . , A.D. Nana Associates, Inc., , B31 , . . , Chair, Consumers Energy, , . , Secreiaty, ASME International, -, - E. , Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, , . . , E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., , . . , , . . , Process Engineering & Constnictors Inc., , . . , Sperko Engineering Services, Inc., , E. . , Jr., Babcock I Wilcox, , B31 .. , , Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc., , . , . ASME International. - . A. , Westinghouse Savannah River Site, , . IV, Becht Engineering Co., , . . , Pressure Sciences, Inc., , . . , WFI International, Inc., , Texa .. , Arco Alaska, Inc., , . A. , Tennessee Valley Authority, , . . , SSD, Inc., , . . , D. B. Riley, Inc., , . . , UOP LLC, , . . , Wisconsin Public Service Corp., , . , Naval Sea Systems Comm., , T. . , Consultant, , . , General Engineering and Commercial Co., , . C. , J. C. Minichiello Consulting, Inc., , A. . , A. D. Nance Associates, Inc., ,

XIV

-

T. . O' II, Veco Alaska, Inc., , A. . , Paulin Research Group, , . . , Hart Design Group, , . A. , Kellogg Brown & Root, , E. C. , , M. . , Kiefner & Associates, Inc., , . , Berkeley Engineering & Research, Inc., , . . , Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc., , E. A. , Wais and Associates, Inc., , C. E. , , B31 T. A. , Pipeline Safety Engineer, , M. . , KPO, , . , Texas Department of Labor and Standards, , . A. , , Department of Housing/Boiler Section, , A. . , Department of Labour & Manpower, , , M. . , Department of Labour & Human Resources, , , . . , ., Oklahoma Department of Labor, , . . , North Carolina D.O.L., , .. , Alabama Public Service Commission, , .T. , Ohio Department of Commerce, , M. , Regie du Batiment du Quebec, , , K. T. , Alberta Boilers Safety Association, Edmonton, , . . , New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission,, . . , Manitoba Department of Labour, , , A. . , Fire and Building Boiler and Pressure Vessel Division, , . . , Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Branch, , , . A. , North Dakota Public Service Commission, , . M. , Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs, , P., , , . E. , Illinois Commerce Commission, , M. E., Department of Labour, , . , University of South Carolina, , E. . , Board of Public Utilities, , . A. , Nebraska Department of Labor, , . . , Iowa Utilities Board, -, . . , The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, , . E. , Division of Labor/State of Colorado Boiler Inspections, , .. , Department of Labor and Industry, , C. . , National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, , . A. , AC1 Central, Charlottetown, , T. . , Rhode Island Department of Labor, , B31 American Boiler Manufacturers Association - . American Institute of Chemical Engineers - . C. American Pipe Fitting Association . American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers - . . Chemical Manufacturers Association - . . Compressed Gas Association - M. . Copper Development Association - A. Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association - T. . Edison Electric Institute - . .

XV

-

International District Heating Association - . M. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry - . A. National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors - . E. National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners - . . National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau - . National Fire Protection Association - T. C. National Fluid Power Association - H. G. A Pipe Fabrication Institute - . Slurry Transport Association - . E. Society of Ohio Safety Engineers - . M. Valve Manufacturers Association - . A.

XVI

-

ASME B31 - , . , B31.4, - ", -. , -

. - , -. - - ; - -. , -

. , . , - . : () -

, ;

() , ;

() -, , , , , ;

(d) , , ;

() , ;

(f) , ;

(g) , - ;

( h) /. , B31.4

.

- , , , - , , 6 , - , - , , -, , - . , -

, , , -. -

, - . - . , , , - . ASME

B31, , - - , - -. , , , . . 3 5 . ASME

-, , - , . -, , - . , -, - - , - . , -

- .

XVII

-

,

(. - ).

- . , , - .

- , , - - - -. . , - , - .

- , , , - , , - .

, , , - , , - .

, - . .

- , -, -, .

- ASME , II VIII, 1, B. ( , - . 423.1.)

- , ASME B31 , , -, - 10016

XVIII

-

, (98), .

iii, v-ix

xi

xviii

2, 5, 6

9

10

11

14

16

24

25

26

27,28

400.1.1

400.1.2

400.2

401.5.6

402.1

402.3.2

404.1.1

404.2.2

404.3.1

404.5.1

404.6

406.1.1

406.4. I

406.6.2

408.1.1

408.3.1

408.4.2

408.5.1

408.5.2

, 98

(1)

(2)

(h)

(1) , -

, , , , -

, , -

,

(2) (NPS)

(3)

()

(b) r

(b)

(a)(2)

(b) (d)

()

() (b)

(b) (d)

(), (d) ()

(b)

XIX

-

27, 28

31-33

36, 37

40

42

43

44

49,50

51

52

55

60-64

65

67

69

70,71

414.1

419.6.4(c)

423.1

426.1

434.6

434.6(a)

434.8.5

434.13.4

434.14

434.15.1

434.18

434.20.7

434.21.2

434.21.3

434.21.5

434.22.1

436.5.1

451.6.1

451.6.2

451.9

451.10

452.4

455

461.1.1

46 1.1.3

(1) .31,

(2)

(3) (4) (11)

(1) , , , B16.5

(2) , ASTM 537

B36.10M, B36.19M, B16.5, B16.28,

B1.l, B1.20.1, B1.20.3

()

(a)(4)(d)

()

(1) ()

(2) (d) ()

(b)

() (b)

(b)(9) (b)(11)

(1) (1)

(2) 9(b)

(1) (a)(7) (a)(8) (b)(2)(b)

(2) (b)(7) (c)(14)

()

() ()

(1) ()

(2) (d) ()

(e)

XX

-

70.71

73

75-91

93-95

98

102,103

461.1.5

461.3

465

IX

-6

()

()

(b)

()

(1)

(2) IX

: (1) ASME B31.4 1 , 1994, 31 , 1997, - , 5. (2) , , 4.

XXI

-

I

400

(e) - ASME , B31. -. , , . - -.

(f) - - . -, - . , .

(g) , , , , - - , - - .

(h) - , , , , -, - . - , - - -. () , - . . - - . , , - , .

. (h)

-, , - , , - , , . , , 6 - , ; , . , ASME ANSI, , . - 6 , -, 6- .

(i) , , , , -, , , . , - , , , - 195- , 49-, .

400.1

400.1.1 , -, , , , -

1

-

, , , , , , , , -, , , - , , , - , (-, ), . ( . 400.1.1.)

, , -, , , - , - . - - . - , . 400.1.2(b).

IX.

: () -

- (, ), , , , - ;

(b) , - ;

(c) , - , -, , , ;

(d) , - , , , - [ 400(c) (d)].

400.1.2 : (a) -

, , , , ; (b) , , , -

-, , - 423.2.4(b);

(c), - : (1) 15 (1 ) - ; (2) 15 (1 ) , 20F (-30C) 250F (120C); (d) , , , ,

, ;

(e) , , , , , , , - 400.1.1(c);

(f) ; (g) ,

, - . 423.2.4(b);

(h) - ASME B31.5, ;

(i) .

400.2 -

. :

- .

: -, , .

: , - - - .

: - , , -.

: , - .

: , .

: , , .

: .

, AWS A3.0 (*). - , , - AWS A3.0.

2

-

: - , , - - - . - -, . : , -

- , - , .

: - . :

. : , -

. : , (. . 401.2.2). (): , - , : ( ), - ( ), , , . : -, , , , - . : - , -, -, . : ( , , , ) , . : - , - , .

(NPS): . ASME B36.10M . 1. : , -

, , , , , . : , , , -

, -. : , ,

, -. , . , , .

() : - - - , , .

() : , - , - , - , - .

() (1) , : ,

, , - , ( ).

(2) , : , - - , . , , .

(d) : , . - . .

5

-

() : , - - , , , -

(f) : , , , . - , - . - , . - , - .

(g) : , , .

(h) : , - , , - , . : ,

, . . : -

-, :

() : , - - -. , , -, , , , , , , , , , .

() : - , , - , , -, , , , , . : , -

, , - . : " " " ,

, .

: "" " " -, , , .

: , (-, , ) - , - .

: , -.

: (F), .

: , . *: , - , , , - .

*: , -.

*: - , - , , .

*: , , .

*: - , , , .

*: , () . , ( ). ( Mig CO2.)

*: , , - ( ) . - ( ). ( ), - ( ). ( Tig.)

6

-

*: , . -. *:

, , - . . , - . *: ,

, - . , . - , , .

*: , , - - .

*: - , , , . - - .

*: , .

*: , .

*: , , - .

7

-

II

I

401 . 401.1 . 401 , -, , - -. , . 401.2 . 401.2.2 . - - , - -, . - , , , . , -, - (. . 404.1.3). - - -. 402.2.4. 401.2.3 . , - , . 401.3 . 401.3.1 . - - , - . -20F (-30C) 250F (120C)..

, , , , - -, . , , - -, , . 401.4 . 401.4.2 . , - , - -. 401.5 . 401.5.1 . , - - . 401.5.2 . . 401.5.3 . -, , -. 401.5.4 . , - . 401.5.5 . - , - , .401.5.6 . (98) - . 401.6 , , , -.

9

-

401.6.1 . - -, . , , - . 401.6.2 . , , , , . 401.7 . - -. 401.8 -. - - . 402 . (98) 402.1 . 402 , , , , , . , , , . , , - -, , , , - , - , , -, , - . , -, , , , , -. 402.2 - - . 402.2.1 , -. -20F (-30C) 250F (120C), 100F (40C) , 423.1.

, , -, -, - , - .

, , - .

402.2.2 - , . , , -. 404.7 423.1 (b).

402.2.3 . - .

402.2.4 - . - - , , , .

- .

, , , , - - - 10 %.

402.2.5 - . , - , , - . -, - , - , , - . - -, .

10

-

402.3 -. 4023.1 . () S, - . 404.1.2, - : S = 0.72 x E x , () , 0.72 = , - . , - , - , -. E = (. . 402.4.3 402.4.3) 402.3.1(a) - - -. () S, . 404.1.2 () (a) . 405.2.1(b) () S, . 404.1.2 () - ASTM 120 - . 405.2.1 (c). S = 0.72 x E x , () [24,000 (165 )] , . 437.6.6 437.6.7171 , 0.72 = , - . , - , - , -. E = (. . 402.4.3 402.4.3) (d) S, . 404.1.2 , - , - 600F (300C) , 75 % . 402.3.1 (a), (b), (c).

() 45 % - , 90 % - .

(f) -, - 66 % - . - 45 % 90 % , -. - , 24,000 . (165 ) .

(g) , - , - .

402.3.2 - (98)

() . - , S, - . 402.3.1 (a), (b), (c), (d) - . 402.3.

() . , - . 403 404.

() . - - . 419.6.4 (b) - 90 % . S . 419.6.4 (c) 72 % - .

(d) . - - , , [. . 419.6.4 (c)] 75 % -, S (c) .

402.3.3 - .

() . , , , , -, 80 % - . - - .

11

-

A01 402.3.1(a)

-

-

- ()

- E

- S, -20F 250F ( -30C 120C), ()

API 5L API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 106 API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 106 API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L ASTM A 106 ASTM A 333 ASTM A 524 ASTM A 524

A25 A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80 C 6 I H

25,000 (172) 30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (289) 46,000 (317) 52,000 (358) 56,000 (386) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448) 70,000 (482) 80,000 (551) 40,000 (278) 35,000 (241) 35,000 (241) 30,000 (207)

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .00 1.00

18,000 (124) 21,600 (149) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (208) 33,100 (228) 37,450 (258) 40,300 (278) 43,200 (298) 46,800 (323) 50,400 (347) 57,600 (397) 28,800 (199) 25,000 (174) 25,200 (174) 21,600 (149)

,

ASTM A 53 API 5L I II

A25

25,000 (172) 25,000 (172)

0.60 0.60

10,800 (74) 10,800 (74)

API 5L API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 135 API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 135 API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L ASTM A 333

A25 A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80 6

25,000 (172) 30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (289) 46,000 (317) 52,000 (358) 56,000 (386) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448) 70,000 (482) 80,000 (551) 35,000 (241)

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

18,000 (124) 21,600 (149) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (208) 33,100 (228) 37,450 (258) 40,300 (279) 43,200 (297) 46,800 (323) 50,400 (347) 57,600 (397) 25,000 (174)

12

-

402.3.1(a) ()

-

-

- ()

- E

- S, -20F 250F ( -30C 120C),

()

ASTM A 134 ASTM A 139 ASTM A 139 ASTM A 671 ASTM A 671 ASTM A 672 ASTM A 672

A B

30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) (1) (1) (1) (1)

0.80 0.80 0.80 1.00 [(2),(3)] 0.70 [ (4)] 1.00 [(2),(3)] 0.80 [ (4)]

17,300 (119) 20,150 (139)

API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L API 5L ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381 ASTM A 381

A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80 Y35 Y42 Y46 Y48 Y50 Y52 Y60 Y65

30,000 (207) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (289) 46,000 (317) 52,000 (358) 56,000 (386) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448) 70,000 (482) 80,000 (551) 35,000 (241) 42,000 (290) 46,000 (317) 48,000 (331) 50,000 (345) 52,000 (358) 60,000 (413) 65,000 (448)

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

21,600 (149) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (208) 33,100 (228) 37,450 (258) 40,300 (278) 43,200 (298) 46,800 (323) 50,400 (347) 57,600 (397) 25,200 (174) 30,250 (209) 33,100 (228) 34,550 (238) 36,000 (248) 37,450 (258) 43,200 (298) 46,800 (323)

: (a) S, 0.72 E ( -) x . (b) . - , ASTM A 120, - () . 402.3.1. (c) , [. . 404.3.1(d)(3)] , , , , ( II, 5), . (d) , . (e) for 600F (300C) ( ) 75% . (f) . 400.2. (g) (1 = 1 ).

: (1) . 402.3.1 S. (2) 12, 22, 32, 42 52. (3) . (4) 13, 23, 33, 43 53.

13

-

(b) . ,

, . 402.3. -, , - , - , .

402.4 .

402.4.4 . , -, VIII.

402.4.5 . () A . 404.1.1, (. . 414).

402.4.6 . - E 402.4.3.

402.4.5 .

, , A.

402.5 .

402.5.2 . -, -. -, , , .

402.5.2 . , - . API 5L - .

405.2.3 . - / - . , - , , , ,

- .

2

.

403 .

. 404. , , . 401 . 402.

404 - .

404.1 .

404.1.1 (a) -

tn,, - .

tn = t + A

(b) , .

tn = , -

t = - () . 404.1.2 - . . 402.3.1 . A402.3.5, , - - , - .

A = . 402.4.2, - . 402.4.1, , - . 402.1.

P; = (. . 401.2.2), ()

D = () S ,

(), . 402.3.1 (a), (b), (c), (d)

14

-

402.4.3

[ (1)] ASTM A 53 ASTM A 106 ASTM A 134 ASTM A 135 ASTM A 139 ASTM A 333

ASTM A 381

ASTM A 671 ASTM A 672 API 5L

() () . , NPS 4 MRS 4

1.00 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.80 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00

1.00

1.00 [ (2), (3)] 0.80 [- (4)] 2.0 [ (2), (3)] 0.80 [-

(4)] 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.60 (5) 1.00 [ (6)] 1.00 [ (6)] 0.80 [ (6)] 0.80 [ (7)] 0.60 [ (8)3

:

(9) ( ) . 400.2.

(10) 12, 22, 32, 42, 52.

(11) .

(12) 13, 23, 33, 43, 53.

(13) () ,

.

(14)

ASTM A120, .

(15)

ASTM A 120 NPS 4, .

(16)

ASTM A 120 NPS 4 , -

.

15

-

404.1.2 . -

- .

PiD Pid t=----------- (t=------------) 2S 20S

404.1.3 . -

-, - ( ). - , , , ( ), (. . 401.2.2).

404.2 .

- . 406.2.1 - . 406.2.3.

404.2.1 . - . 404.1. . 434.7.1.

(98) 404.2.2 . (c)

- - - MSS.

(d) ASME B16.9, ASME B 16.28, MSS SP-75 , -, , - -. 404.3 .

(98) 404.3.1 . -

,

, -

, -

.

(a) (I)

, - - MSS.

(3) , - ASME B16.9 MSS SP-75 - , - , - , -. , -

, , (2) .

(b)

(4) - - - , , (2) (8), .

(5) -, , - - . - , - . , - , - , , -, , . , .

(6) (d) ,

- , , .e., h,, > r,,. . . 404.3. l(b)(3).

(e) , , , .

(f) , .

(4) . , - . 404.3.1(b)(3). ().

d = dc =

16

-

404.3.1 D = D = Do = , -

ho = .

ro, (4) (b) . L = = 0.7 dTo tb = . 404.1.2 tb = - th = . 404.1.2 Th = - = , ro ri = ( Do) ro = , , . . () . 0.05d, , NPS 30 - 1.50 (38 ). () . - 8 NPS , - 0.1Od + 0.50 (13 ). 8 NPS, -, 1.25 (32 ). (), -, , 45 -, (a) () -. (d) -, . (5) . - = K (thDo), K : () d/D 0.60, K = 1.00; () d/D 0.15 0.60, K = 0.6 + d/D; () d/D 0.15, K = 0.70. , -, (6) - .

(6) . A1 + A2 + A3 . () A1. , , - , ,

A1 = Do (Th - th ) () A2. , , , - , ..,

A2 = 2L (Tb - tb) () A3. , , , - , ,

A3 = 2r (To - Tb) (7) . , - . 404.3.1 (e) , , - (5) (6) . (8) , -, , ASME B31.4 , . () . . 404.3.1()(1), 404.3.1()(2), 404.3.1()(3). , 404.3.1 (c) (1) , (2), (3), (4). , (5) (6). (1) - , -. , , - , - [. . 404.3.1 (c) (1) ]. , - (3 ) . , , ( 45 ) , - . , , - . (2) [. . 404.3.1(c)(1)], , [. . 404.3.1()(2)], .

18

-

: , . . . 404.3.1 (c) (2). Th = b = W1 (.) = Th Tb 3/8 (10) N = 1/16 (1.5 ) (.), 1/8 (3 ) (). -

. 404.3.1 (C) (3)

404.3.1() -

, . -

25% 25% 50% 50%

25% (4) (4) (4)(5) 25% 50% (2)(3) (2) (1) 50% (2)(3) (2) (1) , -

( 45 ), . , 1/4 (6 ).

(3) NPS 2, [. . 404.3.1 () (3) ]; , -,

, .

(4) ; , - , 100 (7 ), - , .

(5) (5) , - -,

21

-

, , - , -, . (6) - . 404.3.1 (d). ( d) (1), , , - . - -, , - , - , , , .., , - 404.3.1 (c). - , - - . , - -, . - -. , , , , , - . 402.3.1 (d). (2), - , , , (3) . 404.3.1 (d) (2). (3) AR - d th:

AR=dth , d = th = , - . 404.1.2. , , - - th .

- , S , . S - th (4), : () , , ( -, ) . 404.1.2) - . 404.3.1 (d) (5) ; () , , , . 404.3.1 (d) (5) ; () , , , - . 404.3.1 (d) (5) . (5) . 404.3.1 (d) (2) , - d [. . 404.3.1 (d) (3)] - 2,5 , - , , 2,5 . (6) - , - , -, - . (7) , , - , - -, - . - -. (8), , -, , .

22

-

" ", - - - - AR = Dth , = A1 + 2 +3 1 = (Th - th)d A2 = (Tb tb)L A3 = , , " " 1+2+3 R , Th Tb tb - 404.1.2 th - 404.1.2 d - ( ) - ()

. 404.3.1(d)(2) , - , , . (5) - . - . (6) W1 . 404.3.1()(2) 404.3.1() (3). , . , . 404.3.1()(2).

2). -, ( 45 -), , - . 404.3.1()(2). (11) - , . . 404.3.1(c)(1) 404.3.1()(2) - . , , 90 - , -. - , - , - .

23

-

, , . - , , , , . () (1) , - , - . (, ), . 404.3.1(d). , - , - , . , , , , - . (2) - , - , 1/2 , - 50 % , -. (3), 404.3.1(e)(2) - 11/3 , . (4) , , , - , - . 402.3.1(d). (5) , , 404.3.4 . - , - , - , . . . 421.1 .

404.5 . 404.5.1 . () , - . 408.1 -, 426.1, - . 402.2.1. () , - , , ASME B16.5, . , 1:3. MSS SP-44, NPS 26, - . () - . 408.1, II VIII, 1, ASME - . (d) , , -, ASME B16.5, ASME , VIII, 1. 404.6 . (98) () , ASME B 16.5, ASME B 16.9, MSS SP-75, , - - . () , - , , - . - ( ). () , , , . 404.7 - . , -, 423.1 426.1, , , - - .

24

-

( - - .) , , , : () ( UG-101 VIII, 1, ASME ); () ( 6 VIII, 2, - ASME -); ()

3 , .

405 . 405.2 . 405.2.1 . () 423.1 . 404.1.2 . 437.1.4, 437.4.1, 437.4.3. () , 423.1 - . 404.1.2 . 437.4.1, 437.6.1, 431.6.3, 437.6.4. () ASTM 120 404.1.2 402.3.1 (c) 437.4.1,437.4.3,437.6.1,437.6.3, 437.6.4, 437.6.5, 24,000 . (165 ) ; 437.4.1, 437.6.1 437.6.7 , 24,000 . (165 ). (d) , , - 600F (300C) ( ) , . 402.3.1 (d).

() . , , - , - . , - . 406 , , . 406.1 . 406.1.1 . () . [. . 404.2.2 (b), 404.3.1 (a) (2), 404.3.1 (a) (3)], ASME B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS SP-75. () . [. . 404.3.1 (a) (1) 404.5.11], ASME B16.5. () , . , - , - . 406.1.1 (a) 406.1.1 (b) -, -. 403 404. 406.2 , . 406.2.1 . () , -, -. 404.2.1 . 434.7.1. () . 406.2.1 (c), - :

NPS 12 14 16 18

NPS 20

18D 21 24 27 30

, - , - - . () , - NPS 14 18D; , 18D, . 434.7.1 (b) , , - , - , -.

25

-

, , . 434.7.1 (b) - - , - . 406.2.2 . - 20 % , -. , 121/2 - , 20 % , - , . 10 % - , - 121/2, . , - 3 , . 406.2.3 . () , -, - . 404.2.1 404.2.2 . 434.7.3. - , . () , - , . 406.2.4 . - . 406.3 . , . 406.4 . (98) 406.4.1 . - , ASME B16.5, ASME B16.9, MSS SP-75, -. 404.6. 406.4.2 " " ( ) -. " " ( ) - , - 20 % .

406.5 . , -. 406.1 (. . 404.3 ). 406.6 . 406.6.1 . - - (. . 404.7) - . - - . , , - , - , . . -. 401.2.2 402.2. - , VIII, 1, UG-35 (b) ASME . , . 434.8.6. 406.6.2 . , - , - ASME B 16.9 MSS SP-75. 406.6.3 . -: , ( -. 406.6.2 ), , . VIII, 1, ASME . , . 402.3. , 100 % VIII, 1. , . 401.2.2. , - VIII, 1, , - . 406.6.4 . "- " ( ) - , - 20 % -. NPS 3 , 100 . (7 ).

26

-

NPS 3 . 406.6.5 . - . 408. 407 . 407.1 . () , - , 423.1 426.1. API 6D. () , - , 423.1 426.1 , 250 . (17 ). - , - (. -. 408.5.4). () - 20 F (-30 C) 250 F (120 C) (. . 401.3.1). , , -, , -, , -. 407.8 . , 423.1 426.1 , , -, , , -. 408 , , , - . 408.1 . (98) 408.1.1 . () - 408.1, 408.3, 408.4 408.5. () . , , -, , , , , -, ASME B 16.5 MSS SP-44, - , , -. 402.2.1.

, . . . 404.5.1. () . , , - , - , , - [. . 407.l (b) 423.2.4 (b)]. (d) , . , - , ASME B16.5 MSS SP-44 , . 404.5.1. () . - , . 404.5.1 (d). 408.3 . 408.3.1 . (98) () . - ASME B16.5 MSS SP-6. () . -, - ASME B16.5. . . 408.5.4 . 408.4 . 408.4.1 . , , , . 408.4.2 . (98) () , ASME B16.20 ASME B16.21. () , ANSI Class150 - . () - ( ) [ . 408.4.2 (b)] - , , . - , .

27

-

- : , , -. (d) - ASME B16.5. - , . () ASME B16.20. , . 408.4.3 . -, , -, , -, , , - . 408.5 . (98) 408.5.1 . () . () ASTM 194 325, , 307 B - ASME Class 150 ASME Class 300. (98) 408.5.2 . - SME B16.5. 408.5.3 . , 1/8 (3 ) , - ASTM 193 354. 408.5.4 . 150 Class 125 Class, (ASTM 193) , - , - ; , - ASTM 307 B. 300 Class 250 Class, ASTM 307 B. , - . 408.5.5 . -. 404.5.1 [. . 408.1.1 (d) 408.1.1 (e)], VIII, 1, ASME .

409 . , , , , , , -, , , , , . [ - 405.2.1 (b).] -, ; , -, - ; . , , . , - , 24,000 . (165 ) . 4 -

.

411 . 411.2 V. 412 . 412.2 . - 408. 414 . 414.1 . (98) . API 5B, NPT - ASME B1.20.1. - - , NPS 2 - 150 . (10 ), . - (. ASME B36.10M).

28

-

418 , , - . 418.1 . -, API 6D. - , - , - 423.2-4 (b): () -, . , , , - , . () , , - , - .

5 , ,

, .

419 . 419.1 . () - -. , . () , - , , - . - . () -, -, , . , -, , -. , -.

(d) -, , , , - . , - , . 419.5 . 419.5.1 . - , , ; - - , , -. , , - - . 419.6 . 419.6.1 . - - 6.5 x 10 6 / / F 250F (11.7 x 106 / / C 120C). 419.6.2 . - . 419.6.3 . - 0.3 . 419.6.4 . () . - - , - . , - - . () . - - - :

SL=E(T2-T1)-vSh , SL = , () Sh = - , ()

29

-

T1 = , F (C) T2 = -, F (C) E = , . () = , //F ( / /C) v = = 0.30 , T2 , - , - . . 402.3.2 (c), - 90 % , . - -, . () . - - :

SE = 221

4SSb +

, SE = -

Z)(i )M(i ii +=bS

= , . () S1 = M1/2Z = , . () Mi = ( , , - ; - ), , (N.m) = , , -, - (N.m) Mi = , - (N.m) ii = [ . 419.6.4 (c)] io = , [ . 419.6.4 (c)] Z = , . () - - SE , 100 % , - - SA, SA = 0.72 - . 402.3.2 (c).

- , , 0.75SA . 402.3.2 (d). , , , , 80 % , . 402.3.3 (a). - -. . 402.3.3 (b), , . 402.3. - , , - , . 419.7 . 419.7.3 . () , , , , .., - . () , . , - , - . 419.6.4 (c) . () - . (d) , , - , , , . , - . () , - - .

30

-

. 419.6.4() -

k ii(1) ii(2)

h

, -,

1 1,0 1 1,2 ( ), -

1 1,3

( ANSI 816.9 ) 1 1,6 , 1 2,3 ,

5 2,5

: (1) . (2) . (3) , k h -

; . ( ) , .

(4) k i , h , : R = , () T = , () d = r = , () ro = . (11) s = t = : , ; , ; -

, ( , , .. O.D.).

tc = = , . (5) , k i, C1

, , h: , h 1. (6) , , -

. . (7) ,

. , :

k

i , = P = (8) . (9) >1t, h= 4.05t/r (10) ; 0.9. (98) . 419.6.4() k i ()

32

-

(11) , , . : () r: 0.05d 38 (1.5 ); ( B) ro : (1) DN200 (NPS 8) , 0.10d + 13 (0.50 ); (2) DN200 (NPS 8), 32 (1.25 ); (), , 45 (a) (b) ; (d) , .

. 419.6.4(c)

A /()

420.1 .

, -, , , , -, , - .

421 - .

421.1 , .

(e) - , .

(f) .

(g) . - , , , .

(h) , , , - , , - .

MSS SP-58 -

6 - .

422 .

422.3 - .

-, - , - 15 (1 ) - .

422.6 .

- .

422.6.1 - - , .

422.6.2 - , , - , . - .

33

-

III 423

. 423.1

.

(a) - 423.1 - . - , -- A. - 423.1 a. A - . - - - 423.1, - -.

(b) - , - - . - , - .

423.2 .

423.2.1 . (c)

. (d) -

. - - . , .

423.2.3 . 423.1 ( , - 423.2.5).

423.2.4 , , -. (c) , ,

- - 407.1 (a), 407.l(b), 423.2.4(b).

(d) , , - - 400.1.2(b) [. 400.1.2(g)], -, 250 (17 ).

423.2.5 - . , - , A - , -, . , - . -

- . ,

.

- A, , - - - .

423.2.6 - .

- -.

425 .

425.3 -

408.4.

- 408.5.

35

-

423.1 A01

, , , ............. ASTWl A 53 ................................ ASTM A 106 , , ( ) ( NPS 16 ) ................... ASTM A 134 ............................................................................................ ASTM A 135 , , ( ) ( NPS 4 ) ..................... ASTM A 139 . ASTM A 333 ........................................................................................................................... ASTM A 381

.............................. ASTM A 524 .................................... ASTM A 530 ......................... ASTM A 671 ASTM A 672 .............................................................................................................................................. API 5L

,

................................................................................................. ASME B16.5 , ......................................................................... ASTM A 105 , ............................................................. ASTM A 126 , ................................................. ASTWl A 181 , ......................................................................................................... ASTM A 182 , , ............................................................................................................................................. ASTM A 216 , , ............................................................................ ASTM A 217 - ........................................................................................................................................................... ASTWl A 234 , , - ................................................................................................................................................ ASTM A 350 ..................................................................................................................................................................... ASTM A 395 [ (1)] ................................................................................................................................................ ASTM A 420 .................................................................. ASTM A 487 , , , , ..................................................................................................... ASTM A 694 ....................................................................................................... A P I ^ , , ............................................................... API 6D , ................................................. API 600 .............................................................................. API 602 150, .................................................... API 603 , ............................................................................................................................................. MSS SP-55 ...................................... MSS SP-75 -.............................................................................................................................................................. ASTM A 193 - ................................................................................................................................................. ASTM A 194 ............................................... ASTM A 307 ASTM A 320

....................................................... ASTM A 325 , ...... ASTM A 354 ......................................................................... ASTM A 449

36

-

423.1 ()

() . 150 . (1035 ) , , - , , , , - , - , , , , , , , , , , , - - - , , - - , , , -- - , , , , , , , , -, , , ,

ASTM A 490 ASTM A 6 ASTM A 20 ASTM A 29 ASTM A 36 ASTM A 225 ASTM A 242 ASTM A 283 ASTM A 285 ASTM A 441 ASTM A 442 ASTM A 505 ASTM A 506 ASTM A 507 ASTM A 514 ASTM A 515 ASTM A 516 ASTM A 517 ASTM A 537 ASTM A 572 ASTM A 573 ASTM A 575 ASTM A 576 ASTM A 633 ASTM A 663 ASTM A 675 MSS SP-58

: , - A, 423.1 . A , . :

(1) 420 WPL9 .

37

-

IV

426 - - .

426.1 . -

426.1. - 423.1 , - 426. - 426.2.

426.2 . -

, 404. - , .

426.3 . , - 426.1 (. 414.1).

39

-

426.1

( API. 5L, 5LS, 5LX)

,

ASME B 31.4 _I_

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Transcript of ASME B 31.4 _I_