Asian Metal 5 Rare Earth Summit - allianceorg.com · NdFeB NdFeB-H NdFeB-SH NdFeB-UH NdFeB-EH...

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RECENT HISTORY, CURRENT EVENTS AND THE FUTURE OF RARE EARTH AND FERRITE MAGNETS New York City 2013 Alliance LLC, by Robert Wolf Asian Metal 5 th Rare Earth Summit Alliance LLC Robert Wolf

Transcript of Asian Metal 5 Rare Earth Summit - allianceorg.com · NdFeB NdFeB-H NdFeB-SH NdFeB-UH NdFeB-EH...

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RECENT HISTORY, CURRENT EVENTS  AND THE FUTURE OF RARE EARTH AND 

FERRITE MAGNETS

New York City 2013 Alliance LLC, by Robert Wolf

Asian Metal 5th Rare Earth Summit

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Introduction

I would like to begin with the slide used to end my  presentation at the May 2012 Asian Metal 

Conference in San Francisco

4/9/2013 Alliance LLCAlliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Comments by Marc Humphries in his CRS Report for Congress September 6, 2011

“Prices of rare earth oxides and metals are rising rapidly and most rare earth 

experts would agree that most recent restrictions on Chinese exports and lack of 

capacity elsewhere has led to the sharp price rise. With a surge

in demand and 

export restrictions it will take time for the global supply to catch up. Prices may 

remain high in the short‐term but, typically, tend to fall back to the industry’s 

marginal cost of production after supply increases. However, there are likely 

structural shifts taking place in the global economy.

Well over half of the world’s 

population is now part of emerging economies, led by China and India and 

followed by Africa, South America and other parts of Asia.  Their economies are 

expected to grow in the coming years which could keep prices under pressure 

even as new supply comes on‐stream.  It is unclear where rare earth prices will 

plateau because this rate of growth suggests a structural shift in demand.  

Emerging economies’

growth is usually more materials‐intensive than developed 

economies because of the huge materials need for new infrastructure projects”

Alliance LLCAlliance LLCRobert Wolf

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Marc Humphries made some very insightful comments about rare earth prices and changes in the global perspective. He said
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The Magnet Family

Alliance LLCAlliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Iron Oxide & RMB History 2007‐2013

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Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Iron Oxide & RMB History 2007‐2013

From January 2010 to 2013 there has been a 66.6% 

increase in the price of iron oxide

This caused a 17% increase in the price of ferrite 

magnets during this period

However, this was the first price increase in almost 10 

years

And was not terribly exciting to the marketplace

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Rare Earth Elements Used in Magnets

Praseodymium

Neodymium

Samarium

Gadolinium

Terbium

Dysprosium

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

Presenter
Presentation Notes
For magnet production we are concerned mainly with these 6 elements
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Magnet Material Prices per Kg 2010‐2013

However, the raw material costs for metal magnets increased 

dramatically

Reaching their high point in mid 2011

Dysprosium, not shown because of the scale, reached a high 

point of $2200 per Kg

And its effect on the magnet prices can be seen in the higher 

temperature grades of magnets

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Metal Prices per Kg 2010‐2013

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Robert Wolf Alliance LLC

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Magnet Material Prices per Kg 2010‐2013

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Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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What happened next

The increased material costs had its effect on the price of the 

magnets

Consumers of the magnets decided it was time to return to ferrite 

designs to contain the costs

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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What did the motor manufacturers do?

Manufacturers of large motors using ferrite magnets stayed with 

ferrite

Manufacturers of large wind turbine generators using neodymium 

ceased production due to cost

They could not revert to ferrite designs due to weight constraints

Manufacturers of small motors that had converted from ferrite to

neodymium remained due to other advantages

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Motor Design Comparison

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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DC Motor and Loudspeaker Magnet Comparisons

Ferrite:

Rare Earth:

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Did any customers make immediate changes from  neodymium to samarium cobalt or ferrites?

Customers tried to convert to ferrite or samarium cobalt

Some loudspeaker customers switched from neodymium

Some loudspeaker customers stopped purchasing

Most customers could not make the change due to size and / or 

weight constraints imposed by the end user

As the prices declined many customers abandoned their efforts 

to change designs

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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What is coming next

There has been a rush for increased mine output in areas other than China

However the time from mine to magnets is not short

As the rare earth prices from China continue to decline, will the new 

producers be profitable and remain in the marketplace

Recycling of materials – an ongoing effort for years but limited success. 

Also recycled material has lower properties

Development of a new magnet material – has always been a goal but does 

not occur frequently or on the schedule desired by users

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf

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Vital Component in Product development and  sustainable Procurement of resources

Material Standards to Assist in Efficient Use of Available Resources

Environmental considerations for Selection and Use

Material Selection Standards and Guides

Chemical and Physical identification, Characterization and Testing

Alternative Material Selection and Effectiveness Testing

Recycle, Reuse, and Recapture of Materials

Labeling and End‐of‐Life Considerations

Classification and Terminology

Guides for Supply Chain Management and Risk Management

Alliance LLCRobert WolfRobert Wolf Alliance LLC

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Luisa Moreno: “Brace yourself for three more years of  heavy rare earth shortages”

“The supply chain needs to be developed.  The mining companies 

need to be talking to potential end‐users.  But complete vertical 

integration may not be the solution.  One step at a time is a better 

strategy.  Develop the mine first, be able to produce a concentrate 

and then learn to refine.  Then continue talking to the end‐users 

and alloy producers and magnet producers. Those are very complex

materials that require a lot of knowledge – some of them are 

patented protected as well”

“End – users downstream and miners upstream will gradually meet 

halfway for the development of a supply chain”

Alliance LLCRobert WolfRobert Wolf Alliance LLC

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Bibliography

Permanent Magnet Economics, R.E.Wolf, presentation 

at Magnetics Conference, April 2009•

Magnet Pricing Global Causes & Effects, R.E.Wolf, 

presentation at Magnetics Conference, 2008•

Fundamentals of Permanent Magnets, R.E.Wolf, 

presentation 2003•

Is there a Rare Earth Crisis? R.E.Wolf, presentation at 

Asian Metal Conference, May 2012•

Private communications with producers and 

The Gold Report interview with Luisa Moreno and Brian 

Sylvester 4/30/2013 

Alliance LLCRobert Wolf