Asian Longhorned Beetle: The Threat in Black and White

Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB): the Threat in (ALB): the Threat in Black and WhiteBlack and WhiteBlack and WhiteBlack and White

OKI R i l C ti C il’OKI R i l C ti C il’OKI Regional Conservation Council’s OKI Regional Conservation Council’s Annual MeetingAnnual MeetingApril 2, 2012April 2, 2012

Joe BoggsJoe BoggsOhio State University Ohio State University Extension Hamilton CountyExtension Hamilton County

Dan KennyDan KennyOhio Department of Ohio Department of AgricultureAgriculture

Paul BerringerPaul BerringerClermont CountyClermont CountySoil & WaterSoil & WaterExtension, Hamilton CountyExtension, Hamilton County

OSU Department of OSU Department of EntomologyEntomology

AgricultureAgriculture Soil & Water Soil & Water Conservation DistrictConservation District

Today’s ProgramToday’s ProgramToday s ProgramToday s Program

BBasic information on the biology impact andasic information on the biology impact andBBasic information on the biology, impact, and asic information on the biology, impact, and detection of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB)detection of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB)RRegulatory update: what’s being done andegulatory update: what’s being done andRRegulatory update: what s being done and egulatory update: what s being done and what’s being planned to eradicate ALB in what’s being planned to eradicate ALB in OhioOhioOhioOhioIInsights into impacts on property owners and nsights into impacts on property owners and

iti i Ohiiti i Ohicommunities in Ohiocommunities in Ohio

Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) ((Anoplophora glabripennisAnoplophora glabripennis))

Family: CerambycidaeFamily: CerambycidaeLonghorned BeetleLonghorned BeetleLonghorned BeetleLonghorned Beetle

Family: CerambycidaeFamily: CerambycidaeRoundheaded BorerRoundheaded BorerRoundheaded BorerRoundheaded Borer

Dave Shetlar, OSU EntomologyDave Shetlar, OSU EntomologyALB is a HUGE beetle!ALB is a HUGE beetle! Male BeetleMale BeetleFemale Beetles are Even Bigger!Female Beetles are Even Bigger!

5 - 6 Instars: larval stages

TreeTree--Killing PhaseKilling Phasegg

All stages All stages exceptexcept the adults the adults ggcan survive the wintercan survive the winter

Adult beetles die after the Adult beetles die after the first substantial freezefirst substantial freeze

Tentative Phenology:Tentative Phenology:Beetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush BuckeyeBeetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush BuckeyeBeetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush BuckeyeBeetles Begin to Emerge when Bottlebrush Buckeyebegins to bloom; sometime in latebegins to bloom; sometime in late--MayMay

ALB: Where Did it Come From?ALB: Where Did it Come From?ALB: Where Did it Come From?ALB: Where Did it Come From?

Native to Eastern Asia:Native to Eastern Asia:Native to Eastern Asia:Native to Eastern Asia:China and the KoreasChina and the Koreas

ALB: How Did it Get toALB: How Did it Get to??North America?North America?

What We Do KnowWhat We Do KnowWhat We Do KnowWhat We Do Know

C. McFarland, USDA APHISC. McFarland, USDA APHIS

U.S.: Fall Webworm (Native)U.S.: Fall Webworm (Native)China: American White Moth (NonChina: American White Moth (Non--Native)Native)

ALB Dispersal and SpreadALB Dispersal and SpreadALB Dispersal and SpreadALB Dispersal and SpreadNatural Spread:Natural Spread:Natural Spread:Natural Spread:1.1. Proximity of Proximity of

Infested TreesInfested Trees22 P l tiP l ti

Any Any Distance!Distance!

2.2. Population Population DensityDensity

Infested Tree Infested Tree TrimmingsTrimmings

Infested Logs Infested Logs or Firewoodor Firewood

Human Assisted Human Assisted SpreadSpread

"Hitch"Hitch--Hiking" on Hiking" on VehiclesVehicles

Based on Graphic by C. McFarland, USDA APHISBased on Graphic by C. McFarland, USDA APHIS

SpreadSpread

ALB Elsewhere in North AmericaALB Elsewhere in North AmericaALB Elsewhere in North AmericaALB Elsewhere in North America

Usually:Usually:Multiple InfestationsMultiple InfestationsALB Discovered in N. America in 1996:ALB Discovered in N. America in 1996:

11 USDA APHIS i i i t th 16USDA APHIS i i i t th 16ththMultiple Infestations Multiple Infestations in a Regionin a Region

1.1. USDA APHIS is moving into the 16USDA APHIS is moving into the 16thth year year battling ALB: they've learned a lot about battling ALB: they've learned a lot about ALB eradication!ALB eradication!ALB eradication!ALB eradication!

2.2. Eradication has worked elsewhere! Eradication has worked elsewhere!

Discovered in Brooklyn: 1996Discovered in Brooklyn: 1996Discovered in 1998Discovered in 1998Discovered in 2003Discovered in 2003Discovered in 2008Discovered in 2008

ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?We Don't Know ... !We Don't Know ... !

ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?ALB: How Did it Get to Ohio?What We Do KnowWhat We Do Know

Ohio's ALB population is not Ohio's ALB population is not li k d t th l ti ili k d t th l ti ilinked to other populations in linked to other populations in

North America North America The variance is due to the “founder The variance is due to the “founder effect;” new infestations in N Americaeffect;” new infestations in N America

DNA variance isDNA variance is veryvery slight; it's aboutslight; it's about

effect; new infestations in N. America effect; new infestations in N. America are usually started by only a few beetles are usually started by only a few beetles DNA variance is DNA variance is veryvery slight; it s about slight; it s about the same as seen in paternity tests! the same as seen in paternity tests!

ALB In OhioALB In OhioALB In OhioALB In Ohio

Quarantined on Quarantined on June 17 2011June 17 2011Property BoundariesProperty Boundaries June 17, 2011June 17, 2011

Quarantined on Quarantined on Sept. 9, 2011Sept. 9, 2011

G liti l B d iG liti l B d i

p yp y

Geopolitical BoundariesGeopolitical Boundaries

56 Square56 Square--MilesMiles

What does this mean?What does this mean?What does this mean?What does this mean?Regulated articles are prohibited from leavingRegulated articles are prohibited from leavingRegulated articles are prohibited from leaving Regulated articles are prohibited from leaving the regulated area the regulated area –– OAC 901:5OAC 901:5--5757--0101--04 04

-- Regulated articles are (A) Firewood, stumps, roots, branches, debris and Regulated articles are (A) Firewood, stumps, roots, branches, debris and other material living, dead, cut, or fallen from all hardwood species; and other material living, dead, cut, or fallen from all hardwood species; and green lumber, nursery stock and logs of the following genera: green lumber, nursery stock and logs of the following genera: AcerAcer (maple), (maple), AesculusAesculus (horse chestnut)(horse chestnut) AlbiziaAlbizia (mimosa)(mimosa) BetulaBetula (birch)(birch) CeltisCeltisAesculusAesculus (horse chestnut), (horse chestnut), AlbiziaAlbizia (mimosa), (mimosa), BetulaBetula (birch), (birch), CeltisCeltis(hackberry), (hackberry), CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllum (katsura), (katsura), FraxinusFraxinus (ash), (ash), KoelteriaKoelteria (golden (golden raintreeraintree), ), PlatanusPlatanus (sycamore), (sycamore), PopulusPopulus (poplar), (poplar), SalixSalix (willow), (willow), SorbusSorbus(mountainash), and(mountainash), and UlmusUlmus (elm).(elm).(mountainash), and (mountainash), and UlmusUlmus (elm). (elm).

-- It is illegal to cut firewood within Tate Township and transport it out of the It is illegal to cut firewood within Tate Township and transport it out of the regulated arearegulated arearegulated arearegulated area

What is the purpose of the What is the purpose of the Q ?Q ?Quarantine?Quarantine?

To stop the further spread of ALBTo stop the further spread of ALBTo stop the further spread of ALBTo stop the further spread of ALBEspecially to new areas, but also to more Especially to new areas, but also to more trees within the infested areatrees within the infested areatrees within the infested areatrees within the infested areaGOALGOAL: To eradicate ALB from Ohio: To eradicate ALB from Ohio

ALB Ohio SurveyALB Ohio SurveyALB Ohio SurveyALB Ohio Survey

Survey began inSurvey began inSurvey began in Survey began in Clermont County on Clermont County on July 1 2011July 1 2011July 1, 2011July 1, 2011As of March 24As of March 24thth::

99 416 t h b99 416 t h b–– 99,416 trees have been 99,416 trees have been surveyedsurveyed7 441 trees have been7 441 trees have been–– 7,441 trees have been 7,441 trees have been confirmed infested with confirmed infested with ALBALB The Survey is The Survey is ALB ALB yy

ContinuingContinuing

Trees Killed by ALBTrees Killed by ALBTrees Killed by ALB Trees Killed by ALB

ALB Host TreesALB Host TreesVery Good HostsVery Good Hosts Other HostsOther Hosts

Birch (Birch (BetulaBetula sppspp ))All Maples (All Maples (AcerAcer):):–– BoxelderBoxelder

NorwayNorway

Birch (Birch (Betula Betula sppspp..))Sycamore / Planetree Sycamore / Planetree ((Platanus Platanus sppspp..))

–– NorwayNorway–– RedRed–– SilverSilver

Poplar (Poplar (PopulusPopulus sppspp..))Mimosa (Mimosa (AlbiziaAlbizia julibrissinjulibrissin))Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllum–– SugarSugar

Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes ((AescelusAescelus sppspp ))

Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllumjaponicumjaponicum))Ash (Ash (FraxinusFraxinus spp.)spp.)

Porterhouse SteakPorterhouse Steak

((AescelusAescelus sppspp..))Elms (Elms (UlmusUlmus sppspp..))Willow (Willow (Salix Salix sppspp..))

Goldenraintree (Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria Koelreuteria paniculatapaniculata))Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp )spp )Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp.)spp.)Hackberry (Hackberry (CeltisCeltis spp.)spp.)TT--Bone SteakBone Steak

DeadDeadR d M lR d M lRed Maple Red Maple

'Armstrong''Armstrong'

ALB tt k t fALB tt k t fALB attacks trees of ALB attacks trees of all sizes; randomly all sizes; randomly

A.J. Sawyer, USDA APHISA.J. Sawyer, USDA APHISC. McFarland, USDA APHISC. McFarland, USDA APHIS

yythroughout the tree!throughout the tree!

ALB Impact on OhioALB Impact on OhioALB Impact on OhioALB Impact on Ohio

ALB Host TreesALB Host TreesVery Good HostsVery Good Hosts

All M l (All M l (AA ))

Other HostsOther HostsBirch (Birch (BetulaBetula sppspp ))All Maples (All Maples (AcerAcer):):

–– BoxelderBoxelder–– NorwayNorway

Birch (Birch (Betula Betula sppspp..))Sycamore / Planetree Sycamore / Planetree ((Platanus Platanus sppspp..))Huge Concern!Huge Concern!yy

–– RedRed–– SilverSilver–– SugarSugar

Poplar (Poplar (PopulusPopulus sppspp..))Mimosa (Mimosa (AlbiziaAlbizia julibrissinjulibrissin))Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllum

Huge Concern!Huge Concern!–– SugarSugar

Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes Horsechestnuts / Buckeyes ((AescelusAescelus sppspp..))

Katsura (Katsura (CercidiphyllumCercidiphyllumjaponicumjaponicum))Ash (Ash (FraxinusFraxinus spp.)spp.)

Elms (Elms (UlmusUlmus sppspp..))Willow (Willow (Salix Salix sppspp..))

Goldenraintree (Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria Koelreuteria paniculatapaniculata))Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp )spp )Mountainash (Mountainash (SorbusSorbus spp.)spp.)Hackberry (Hackberry (CeltisCeltis spp.)spp.)

Economic Impact: OhioEconomic Impact: OhioEconomic Impact: OhioEconomic Impact: OhioOhio’s hardwood forests: more than $2.5Ohio’s hardwood forests: more than $2.5Ohio s hardwood forests: more than $2.5 Ohio s hardwood forests: more than $2.5 billion in standing maple timberbillion in standing maple timberOhio ranks 4Ohio ranks 4thth in the U.S. in maple syrupin the U.S. in maple syrupOhio ranks 4Ohio ranks 4 in the U.S. in maple syrup in the U.S. in maple syrup productionproductionOhio's $5 billion nursery industry whichOhio's $5 billion nursery industry whichOhio s $5 billion nursery industry which Ohio s $5 billion nursery industry which employs nearly 240,000 peopleemploys nearly 240,000 peopleLandscapes: the impact of losing some of theLandscapes: the impact of losing some of theLandscapes: the impact of losing some of the Landscapes: the impact of losing some of the most common tree species in commercial most common tree species in commercial and home landscapingand home landscapingp gp g

Environmental Impact: OhioEnvironmental Impact: OhioEnvironmental Impact: OhioEnvironmental Impact: Ohio

Loss of “keystone species” in forestLoss of “keystone species” in forestLoss of keystone species in forest Loss of keystone species in forest ecosystems = substantial changesecosystems = substantial changes

Loss of wildlife habitatLoss of wildlife habitat–– Loss of wildlife habitatLoss of wildlife habitat–– Increased encroachment of nonIncreased encroachment of non--native invasive native invasive

plantsplantsplantsplantsIncreased stormwater runoffIncreased stormwater runoffEt tEt tEtc., etc.Etc., etc.

Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and Stormwater

Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterCombined Sewer Systems (CSS) = Combined Sewer Systems (CSS) = C bi d S O fl (CSO)C bi d S O fl (CSO)Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)“Every year, about 14.1 “Every year, about 14.1 billion gallons of billion gallons of raw sewage raw sewage –– mixed with storm water mixed with storm water ––overflows from our sewers into local overflows from our sewers into local t dt d i ”i ”streams and streams and rivers ...”rivers ...”

“Under “Under the new notification program, the new notification program, MSD ill i CSO d i hMSD ill i CSO d i hMSD will issue a CSO advisory when a MSD will issue a CSO advisory when a rainfall of .25 inches or more is predicted rainfall of .25 inches or more is predicted or recorded for Hamiltonor recorded for Hamilton County ”County ”or recorded for Hamilton or recorded for Hamilton County...”County...”

Quoted source: MSD WebsiteQuoted source: MSD Website


March, 2011, Storm SystemMarch, 2011, Storm System

EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration


March, 2011, Storm SystemMarch, 2011, Storm System

20” DBH maple intercepts20” DBH maple intercepts20” DBH maple intercepts20” DBH maple intercepts5,384 gallons of stormwater runoff 5,384 gallons of stormwater runoff

llllannuallyannually

“G ” G“G ” G“Green” Grows“Green” Grows

Trees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterTrees and StormwaterMaple: Gallons Maple: Gallons of Stormwater Runoff of Stormwater Runoff

Intercepted AnnuallyIntercepted Annually

70008000

r

Intercepted AnnuallyIntercepted Annually

400050006000

s of

Wat

er

100020003000

Gal

lons

01000

5" 10" 15" 20" 25"DBHDBH

http://www.treebenefits.com/calculator/http://www.treebenefits.com/calculator/


“U.S. EPA has mandated that MSD capture, treat, or “U.S. EPA has mandated that MSD capture, treat, or remove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combinedremove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combinedremove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combined remove 85% of the 14 billion gallons of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and eliminate all sanitary sewer overflows (CSOs) and eliminate all sanitary

sewer overflows (SSOs), about sewer overflows (SSOs), about 100 million gallons100 million gallons.”.”

That’s 18,574 20” Maple Trees That’s 18,574 20” Maple Trees

Cincinnati could lose 21,250 Cincinnati could lose 21,250 Street Trees to ALBStreet Trees to ALBStreet Trees to ALBStreet Trees to ALB

(Source: Cincinnati Urban Forestry) (Source: Cincinnati Urban Forestry)

How Does ALB Kill How Does ALB Kill Trees?Trees?

These Alien Larvae Have These Alien Larvae Have POWERFUL Mandibles!POWERFUL Mandibles!

It's the larvae that kills trees!It's the larvae that kills trees!

A ShortA Short SegwaySegwayA Short A Short SegwaySegway

Tree Trunk BasicsTree Trunk BasicsBarkBark

PhloemPhloemPhloemPhloemCambiumCambium

Sugars / Sugars / Carbohydrates flow Carbohydrates flow downdown and and upup the the t th h th t th h th tree through the tree through the PhloemPhloem

Cambium cells Cambium cells

XylemXylemdivide to become divide to become Phloem and XylemPhloem and Xylem

Water and nutrients Water and nutrients flow up the tree flow up the tree through the Xylemthrough the Xylem

Graphic by Joe Boggs, OSU ExtensionGraphic by Joe Boggs, OSU Extension

Ring Porous TreesRing Porous TreesggBarkBark

PhloemPhloemWater is transported Water is transported

ll th h th th h th PhloemPhloemonlyonly through the through the current annual ringcurrent annual ring CambiumCambium

AshAshBlack LocustBlack Locust

Ash TreesAsh TreesElmElmHickoryHickoryHoneylocustHoneylocust

XylemXylem

HoneylocustHoneylocustOakOak


Our Other NonOur Other Non--Native Native BorerBorerBorerBorer

Emerald Ash Borer Emerald Ash Borer T liT liTunnelingTunneling

Phloem, Cambium, and Outer Phloem, Cambium, and Outer Xylem Ring are DestroyedXylem Ring are DestroyedLate InstarsLate InstarsEarly InstarsEarly Instars Xylem Ring are Destroyed Xylem Ring are Destroyed yy

Phloem is an Effective ZonePhloem is an Effective Zonefor Systemic Insecticidesfor Systemic Insecticides

Synchronized DeathSynchronized Death


Early DamageEarly Damage Eventual DamageEventual Damage

Diffuse Porous TreesDiffuse Porous Trees

Water is transported Water is transported th h l th h l

BarkBark

PhloemPhloemthrough several through several annual ringsannual rings

PhloemPhloemCambiumCambium

BirchBirchBeechBeechDogwoodDogwoodMapleMaplePoplarPoplar

XylemXylemMaple TreesMaple TreesPoplarPoplar

SycamoreSycamoreSpruces, Pines,Spruces, Pines,Firs HemlockFirs Hemlock


Firs, HemlockFirs, Hemlock

Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian Longhorned Beetle T liT liTunnelingTunneling

11stst 22ndnd I tI t11stst –– 22ndnd InstarsInstars

Not an Effective ZoneNot an Effective Zone33rdrd –– 55thth InstarsInstars

Not an Effective ZoneNot an Effective Zonefor Systemic Insecticidesfor Systemic Insecticides

Not an Effective ZoneNot an Effective ZoneALB Final Stage LarvaALB Final Stage Larva


Early DamageEarly Damagefor Systemic Insecticidesfor Systemic Insecticides

Asian Longhorned Beetle Asian Longhorned Beetle T liT liTunnelingTunneling

11stst 22ndnd I tI t

Phloem and Cambium Phloem and Cambium are Destroyed are Destroyed Look at Ends of BranchesLook at Ends of Branches

11stst –– 22ndnd InstarsInstars

Thinning CanopyThinning Canopyis is NOTNOT a Reliable Diagnostic a Reliable Diagnostic

Symptom for DetectingSymptom for DetectingNewly Developing Infestations!Newly Developing Infestations!

Asian Longhorned Beetle: The Threat in Black and White

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Transcript of Asian Longhorned Beetle: The Threat in Black and White