Asian Longhorned BeetleAsian Longhorned Beetle

Bob Heyd & Roger Mech Bob Heyd & Roger Mech Forest Health ManagementForest Health Management

Heidi Frei & Heidi Frei & Laurel MalvitzLaurel Malvitz--Draper Draper

Stewardship Unit Stewardship Unit

Forest Health Watch

• Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) background

• Host species of trees – How to identify maples

• Survey protocol

• Survey practice

• Oak wilt field visit

MDNR Parks & Recreation DivisionStewardship Unit

•• Mission: Mission: ““ Preserve, protect and restore the natural Preserve, protect and restore the natural and cultural resources present within Michigan State and cultural resources present within Michigan State Parks for this and future generations.Parks for this and future generations.””

• Protecting natural communities and species – Invasive species control

– Prescribed burning

– Resource monitoring

– Natural Resource mapping

– Cultural resource protection

>31 Exotic Borers discovered in the contiguous US from 1985 to early 2008

1 Exotic2 Exotics3 Exotics4 Exotics6 Exotics

First found in 17 states

5 Cerambycids

1 Siricid

3 Buprestids

22 Scolytids14 ambrosia, 8 bark beetles

Photo credit: A. J. Sawyer, USDA-APHIS-PPQ

imported wooden crate with tunneling damage

Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB)

• Origin: Native pest of Asia (China and Korea)

• Distribution: Populations of ALB have been detected in Japan, Canada, Austria, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Poland, the Netherlands, and Germany

• Host Range: In the U.S., the known ALB hosts include all species of 12 tree genera:

• Maple, boxelder, willow, elm, birch, horsechestnut, poplar, ash, London plane tree, mimosa, European mountain ash, hackberry, katsura tree…

Potential Economic Impacts

• Affected industries:– Maple syrup

– Tree nurseries

– Lumber and veneer

– Home construction

– Furniture and cabinets

– Pulp and paper

– Firewood

– Tourism

Potential Environmental Impacts

• ALB host trees are an important component to forest ecosystems as well as urban environments:

• Habitat for animals

• Prevent soil erosion

• Climate regulation (shade, block wind)

• Diminish storm water runoff

• Reduce air, water, and noise pollution

Potential Impacts

• Hard Maple and Aspen constitute 27% (7.2 billion cubic feet), or 43% (155 million cubic feet) of the commercial harvests statewide.

• Michigan's forest-based economy is estimated to be 200,000 jobs and over $12 billion of value-added. – Includes forest-based tourism and recreation (50,000 jobs

and $3 billion); and forest products industries/manufacturing (150,000 jobs and $9 billion).

• If left unchecked, the USDA estimates the Asian longhorned beetle could cause as much as $138 billion in damage to the U.S. economy.

• 30% of USA Urban Forest are susceptible to ALB

Michigan Impacts

Learn to ID ALB and Report It!• 1 to 1 ½ inches in

length

• Long antennae, banded with black and white

• Shiny, jet black body with distinctive white spots

• May have blue tarsi

Not Asian Longhorned Beetle

http://beetlebusters.info/spot-it/

Asian long-horned beetle infested tree

oviposition holes

new oviposition hole

oviposition holes

frass being pushed out of tunnels

ALBSigns

Emergence holesAdult feedingOn leaf midrib and petioles

feeding damage under bark

exit holes

exit hole

adult feeding damage on twig

sap flowing from holes

Photo credit: M. Bohne, USDA-FS-FHP

Photo credit: M. Bohne, USDA-FS-FHP

Photo credit: A. J. Sawyer, USDA-APHIS-PPQ

5-7mm

Healed exit hole

1inches 2

Egg site

Old Damage is Different

Could go Undetected for a Long Time

Much Evidence is Hard to See

What Have We Learned?

• ALB is not outright killing forest trees

– Little impact on tree growth

– 10-15 years before decline!

• ALB found in forest trees of all sizes

• ALB attacked and survived at higher rates in red maple

• ALB moves throughout forest stands

Outbreak in Ohio

• Discovered in June 2011 in Clermont Co., OH

• As of 8/21/12, 63 sq. mi. quarantined

• Records of park visits from quarantined area

Traveling Firewood

ALGONAC STATE PARK BAY CITY STATE RECREATION AREA BURT LAKE STATE PARK DETOUR STATE FOREST FAYETTE HISTORIC STATE PARK FISHERMAN'S ISLAND STATE PARK FORT CUSTER RECREATION AREA GRAND HAVEN STATE PARK HAYES STATE PARK HOEFT STATE PARK HOFFMASTER STATE PARK HOLLAND STATE PARK HOLLY RECREATION AREA INDIAN LAKE STATE PARK INTERLOCHEN STATE PARK LAKE GOGEBIC STATE PARK LAKE HUDSON RECREATION AREA LAKEPORT STATE PARK LEELANAU STATE PARK LUDINGTON STATE PARK MUSKALLONGE LAKE STATE PARK MUSKEGON STATE PARK NORTH HIGGINS LAKE STATE PARK ONAWAY STATE PARK

ORCHARD BEACH STATE PARK PETOSKEY STATE PARK PORCUPINE MOUNTAINS WILDERNESS STATE PARK RIFLE RIVER RECREATION AREA SEVEN LAKES STATE PARK SILVER LAKE STATE PARK SLEEPER STATE PARK SLEEPY HOLLOW STATE PARK SOUTH HIGGINS LAKE STATE PARK STERLING STATE PARK STRAITS STATE PARK TAHQUAMENON FALLS STATE PARK TAWAS POINT STATE PARK TRAVERSE CITY STATE PARK VAN RIPER STATE PARK WARREN DUNES STATE PARK WATERLOO RECREATION AREA WELLS STATE PARK WILDERNESS STATE PARK YOUNG STATE PARK

Asian Longhorned Beetle

V. Good HostsMaple

Box elderHorse chestnut

BuckeyeWillow

Elm

Good HostsBirch

Sycamore

Tree Identification

• Focus on maple trees – Silver, Red, Sugar, Norway

• ID without leaves – Opposite branching pattern

– Bark characteristics

– Fruit

• http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/factsheets.cfm

Tree Identification

Tree Identification

Tree Identification

Tree Identification

Survey procedure

• Forms needed– Survey data sheet– Vol. Hours log

• Drive through area • Survey on foot

– 360° survey – Binoculars helpful

• Look for: – Frass– Holes in canopy – Oviposition hole

Oak Wilt

Oak Wilt

Oak Wilt

• Lethal fungal disease affecting primarily red oaks – Once transmitted, can die in months

• Introduced via – insect transmission – sap beetles– Root grafting (90%)

• Beetles transport spores to open wounds on trees

• http://treedoctor.anr.msu.edu/oakwilt/guide.pdf

Oak Wilt

Oak Wilt

• Be suspicious of oak wilt if all or most of the following apply:

• 1) Identity of the oak species as a member of the red oak family 2) Presently, wilting symptoms are evident in live trees 3) Sudden death, generally on the order of months 4) Recent pruning or storm damage (months to a year) 5) Proximity to other oaks (root graft transmission from nearby dead oaks) 6) Elimination of other causes of oak death: gas leaks, root injury, other diseases, etc.

Thank you

www.michigan.gov

ALB Host Species