ASHRAE Guideline 36P: High Performance Sequences...

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Copyright © 2018. All rights reserved.

ASHRAE Guideline 36P:High PerformanceSequences of Operationfor HVAC Systems

Jim Coogan, PESiemens Building Technologies

ASHRAE Distinguished Lecture ProgramFebruary 2018, Wisconsin Chapter

Page 2 Copyright © 2018. All rights reserved.

Agenda

• ASHRAE G36: History, scope, goals• Relationship to other standards and codes• Vision for use• Technical content: operation• Technical content: optimization• Technical content: fault detection• Technical content: alarm suppression• Interconnected applications• Status of development

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ASHRAE G36. History, scope, goals

• In the beginning …• Technical Committee 1.4,

Control Theory and Applicationsran a series of projects leading to:

• Guideline 36: High PerformanceSequences of Operation for HVACSystems



Sequences ofOperation forCommonHVAC Systems

RP 1455: Best of ClassSequences for AirSystems

RP 1547: CO2 BasedDemand-ControlledVentilation

Guideline 36P:High PerformanceSequences ofOperation …

2000 2005 2010 2015

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• Sequence of operation for hvac system.Initially limited to room air terminalsand air handlers.

• Extends beyond operation of the equipment• Includes embedded, on-line fault detection• Includes ‘calculated alarms’

and alarm suppression• Will include functional test procedures


GPC 36P - Proposed guidelineHigh Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems

1. PURPOSE:The purpose of this guideline is to provide uniform sequences ofoperation for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)systems that are intended to maximize HVAC system energyefficiency and performance, provide control stability, and allow forreal-time fault detection and diagnostics.

2. SCOPE:2.1 This guideline provides detailed sequences of operationfor HVAC systems.2.2 This guideline describes functional tests that when performedwill confirm implementation of the sequences of operation.

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Current draft

Intended futurescope



• Room terminals: cooling only air terminal,air terminal with reheat, fan powered airterminal with reheat, dual-duct air terminal

• Air handlers to serve those terminals,OA, EA, RA dampers, cooling coil, heatingcoil, no heat recovery equipment

• Single-zone air handler• No fan coils, radiators, chilled beams, …

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• Goal: improve quality of building automationby starting with a better specification

• Goal: improve quality of building automationby standardizing the functions

• Goal: solve technical challenges associatedwith building operational goals, especiallyenergy efficiency, and indoor air quality

• Goal: improve building operation with smarteralarms and fault detection


Relationship to other standards

• Seeks to comply with Standard 62.1• Seeks to comply with Standard 90.1• Seeks to comply with California Energy Code• Seeks to mesh with Guideline 13

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Vision for use

• Engineers specifyby referenceto ASHRAE

• Maybe modifyfor the project

• Control manufacturers develop and testapplications according to the guideline

• Contractors apply proven solutions• Commissioning agents execute standard tests


Operation: Generic thermal zone

• Setpoints, setbacks, operating modes• Independent of room HVAC equipment• Opportunity to coordinate beyond HVACƒNot a goal of the project committeeƒZone serves more than thermal needsƒUnify control of room operating mode

for comprehensive setbackƒUnify for coordinated demand response

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Operation: VAV terminal

• “Dual maximum sequence”.Also called “V sequence”

• Makes it possible to uselower flow levels at theminimum

• 2 ventilation functionsƒMinimum primary flow

through the terminalƒOA flow needed from

the air handlerSequence diagram from PublicReview Draft, ASHRAE, June 2016


Operation: VAV air handler

• Start/stop and speedcontrol for supply fan

• Supply air temperaturecontrol with economizer

• Sequenced OA and RAdampers, not one signal

• Minimum OA control• Relief fan or return fan

Sequence diagram from PublicReview Draft, ASHRAE, June 2016

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Optimization

• Room hvac equipmentis served by centralsystems that servemany other rooms

• Temperature andpressure of suppliesaffects overall energyconsumption

• Actively adjust supplyto minimize energy use


Optimization: Duct pressure

FlowController

FanController

VSD

F F F F

FlowController

FlowController

FlowController

FlowController

FanController

VSD

F F F F

FlowController

FlowController

FlowController

FanController

VSD

F F F F

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ASHRAE Energy Standard

•Setpoint Reset. Forsystems with direct digitalcontrol of individual zoneboxes reporting to the centralcontrol panel, static pressuresetpoint shall be resetbased on the zone requiringthe most pressure; i.e., thesetpoint is reset lower untilone zone damper is nearlywide open.


Optimization: Duct pressure

• “Trim and Respond”application

• Each terminal sets“System Request”:values from 0 to 3

• AHU program addsup request values

• Increase, decrease or maintain ductpressure based on summed request values

FlowController

FanController

VSD

F F F F

FlowController

FlowController

FlowController

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Interacting control applications

• HVAC system isinterconnectedsub-systems

• Zone to group• Air terminal to AHU• Air terminal to heating

plant• Control system is

interconnectedapplications


Resulting systemZone Group

Air HandlerControl

Hot Water SystemControl

Room Controller

F

CO2

g

LightAlgorithms

VAVAlgorithms

O B

g

G

G

g

G

g

To other terminalson ahu

To other h/w coils

To other membersof zone group

BAS diagram from Representing Building SystemHierarchies with Corresponding BAS Data Structures,ASHRAE Conference 2015, CH-15-CO15

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Fault detection

• Applies rules from NIST research at air handler• Use ‘alarm points’ to inform users

Part of table from Public Review Draft,ASHRAE, June 2016


Fault detection

• Applies ‘calculated alarms’ at the room• Use ‘alarm points’ to inform users

• Air Terminal AlarmsƒLow airflow alarmƒLow discharge temp alarmƒAirflow sensor calibrationƒLeaking damperƒLeaking valve

• Zone AlarmsƒZone temperature alarmƒZone CO2 alarm

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Alarm suppression


Status of development

• GPC 36P formed in 2014• Proceeding according to ANSI rules

for consensus standards• Conducted “Advisory Public Review”

in 2015• Conducted “Publication Public Review”

in 2016, 2017 and 2018• Hope to resolve and publish shortly

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References

• ASHRAE. Guideline 36P: Public Review Draft, HighPerformance Sequences of Operation. December 2017

• M. Hydeman, S. Taylor. GPC 36 Best of Class ControlSequences for Air Systems. June 2015. PEC Seminar

• M. Hydeman, S. Taylor, B. Eubanks. Control Sequencesand Controller Programming. ASHRAE Journal, March2015

• J. Coogan, Representing Building System Hierarchieswith Corresponding BAS Data Structures, ASHRAEConference 2015, CH-15-CO15


Questions?

Jim Coogan, Member GPC [email protected]

Zone Group

Air HandlerControl

Hot Water SystemControl

Room Controller

F

CO2

g

LightAlgorithms

VAVAlgorithms

O B

g

G

G

g

G

g

To other terminalson ahu

To other h/w coils

To other membersof zone group

ASHRAE Guideline 36P: High Performance Sequences...

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