ASAS STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI
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Transcript of ASAS STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI
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ASAS STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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CONTENTS
UNITS:
I: Introduction to Comm in Organ
II: Basic Comm Skills
III: ITP Comm Strategies
IV: Group Comm Strategies
V: Public Presentation Strategies
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Unit I
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DETAILS OF UNIT I
Introduction to Comm in Organ
Ch1: Comm in Organizations
Ch2: Model of Strategic Comm Behavior
Ch3: Diversity in Biz & the Professions
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INTRO TO COMM IN ORGAN: Chapter 1
Ch1: Comm in Organizations
“Provides an overview of comm in biz & professional settings. Explains the role of comm in achieving goals & the challenges posed by the new tech., diversification of work force, & the globalization of the marketplace”
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Seven componentsof comm skills
Creative insight Sensitivity Vision Versatility Focus Patience Globalism –global attitude
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Basic Communication Elements
Source Message Channel Receiver
Others: Noise, Feedback, Encoding, Decoding
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7 Reasons for Comm Failure
Inadequate info Info overload Poor-quality info Poor timing Lack of feedback Problems with channels Cultural barriers
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Elements of Organizational Culture
Values Norms Heroes Climate Rites & rituals Communications Stories, myths & legends
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INTRO TO COMM IN ORGAN: Chapter 2
Ch 2: Model of Strategic Comm Behavior
“Familiarizing the strategic comm skills, as well as understanding how values and ethics influencing comm activity”
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Areas of Strategic Comm
Goal setting Situational knowledge Comm competence Anxiety management
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Values & Ethics in Strategic Comm
Values are found in: Primacy of customer Honesty & integrity Respect for other workers Importance of every person Maintenance of high professional standards Fair treatment; Quality service Innovative thinking; Creativity Reliance on ethical standards
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Values & Ethics in Strategic Comm
Ethical guidelines are: Maintain candor -truth, honest & frank in comm Keep message accurate Avoid deception Keep confidences Timeliness of comm Confronting unethical behavior Maintain consistent behavior Cultivate empathic listening
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Setting A Communication Goal
The process:i.) Identify the challenge/problemii.) Map out a strategyiii.) Set a performance goaliv.) Identify resourcesv.)Recognize contingencyvi.) Obtain feedback
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Goal setting process
Map out strategy
Identify resources
Set a performance goal
Recognize contingency
Identify challenge
Obtain feedback
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‘Understanding’ an organization
The importance: ‘A general who possesses the strength of
arms will have an equal chance of winning & losing in any battle..
However, a general who possesses the strength of arms and the knowledge of his enemy will have an absolute chance of winning in every battle! (by: ???)
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‘Understanding’ an organization
Among other ways are: Adaptive learning Understanding organizational values Developing specific k’ledge of the
organization Observing successes and failures
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Political Strategies in Comm
Trading favors Controlling the meeting agenda Associating with the ‘right’ people Building coalitions of ‘friendly’ people Assuming seating with powerful people Appearing at official functions & meetings Sensitive to dress codes – ‘dress makes a man!’ Adhering to favorable policies of powerful people
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5 Dimensions of An Ideal Comm Climate
Supportiveness Participative decision makings Trust, confidence, & credibility Openness & candor (frankness) High performance goals
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Ensuring The Competencyof Your Messages
Be specific Be accurate Be honest Be logical Be complete
Be succinct – brief Be relevant Be timely Ask for feedbacks Within the time
frames
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Organizational Comm in General
Generally, there are only 2 types: Internal
Downward communication Upward communication Horizontal communication Informal ‘networks’
External
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Organizational Comm in General: Internal Communication
Messages that are sent and received within an organizational boundaries of
a company are called ‘internal communication’.
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Organizational Comm in General: Internal Communication
Downward (superior to subordinate): Job instructions – be specific! Job rationale –always explain why… Procedures & practices – fair & just Feedbacks – always acknowledge efforts Goals’ indoctrination – make it obvious;
print them out and hang them up on the walls!
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Organizational Comm in General: Internal Communication
Upward (subordinate to superior): Msgs reflect’g employee performance. Msgs reveal’g infos about other employees. Msgs report’g on activities & tasks
associated with goal accomplishment. Msgs communicating attitudes &
understand’g of organizational practices and policies.
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Organizational Comm in General: Internal Communication
Horizontal (same hierarchical level): Facilitating problem solving. Information sharing. Coordinating tasks. Enhancing morale – sympathy / empathy. Concerted conflict solving
The challenges are: (1) Territoriality (2) Specialization (3) Lack of
Motivation
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Organizational Comm in General: Internal Communication
Informal ‘networks’ (known as grapevine): Travels fast Travels by clusters Carries much information Common channel for rumors Generally accurate information Occurs on every hierarchical level Indication of attitudes & sentiments
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Organizational Comm in General: External Communication
Messages that are exchanged beyond an organizational boundaries of a
company are called ‘external communication’.
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Organizational Comm in General: External Communication
Among others are: Newsletters Annual reports Advertisements Acknowledgements Notices, Tenders, etc.
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Organizational Comm in General: External Communication
Guidelines for selecting channel: Speed Accuracy Feedback Selectivity Appropriateness Cost and price Accountability Acceptability – risky jokes are not for superior!
[end of Ch. 2]
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INTRO TO COMM IN ORGAN: Chapter 3
Ch 3: Diversity in Biz & the Professions
“Your ability in understanding and managing differences
among people.”
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Sources of Diversity Genders Age gaps Ethnicities Physical abilities Intellectual abilities Religious beliefs Sexual orientations
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Managing Diversity Non-judgmental attitudes Respect for yourself & others Practice flexibility; tolerance of ambiguity Low ethnocentrism – (excessive belief in the
superiority of own culture) Competent understanding upon matters of
procedures, restrictions, rules, regulations, legalities, acts, constitutional, etc.
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Wassalamualaikum & Terima kasih