Article on Unemployment in Kerala

8/19/2019 Article on Unemployment in Kerala

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EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT AT IT’S PEAK IN KERALA


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India is the world’s second most populous country and the most populous democracy

in the world .The Indian economy is the world’s 10th largest by nominal GDP and third

largest by purchasing power parity. Following market based economies reorms in

1!!1"India become one o the astest growing economies .#owe$er "the country has been

acing the challenges o unemployment "po$erty" illiteracy" corruption" malnutrition" inade%uate

public healthcare etc. &nemployment is a ma'or problem in many countries" especially in

India. &nemployment occurs when a person who is acti$ely searching or employment is

unable to ind work.

&nemployment was seen as a phenomenon conined only to the de$eloping countries

during the 1!(0s and )0s" but in the course o time it gained a global dimension unmanageable in

proportion e$en to the industrialised nations. In the de$eloping countries unemployment has

become chronic. In India the problem has assumed alarming proportions" in spite o the si*ty

years o planned de$elopment. The inability to create ade%uate employment opportunities to

absorb the growing population has not only resulted in an economic crisis in the country bur also

created multitudillous social problems.

The si+e o employment in any country depends considerably on the le$el o de$elopment.

,hen a country makes progress and production e*pands" the employment opportunities oten

grow. In India" during the past three decades or so production has e*panded in all sectors o the

economy. In response to these de$elopments the absolute le$el o employment has also grown.

#owe$er" during the planning period unemployment in absolute terms has increased. The main

ob'ecti$e o our economic policies" right rom the First Fi$e -ear Plan has been the pro$ision o

gainul employment opportunities. $ery plan ends up with a greater backlog o unemployed

people. That is" at the end o each i$e year plan period" this country has more unemployed than


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at the beginning. This has happened because during the planning period trend rate o growth was

considerably lower than the targeted growth. Thereore" 'obs were not created in ade%uate

number. The -outh" particularly the educated lot o rural India are the worst $ictims o

unemployment.

India/s educated youths are acing some serious issues like educated unemployment and under

employment. ducated unemployment is due to a mismatch between the aspirations o graduates

and employment opportunities a$ailable to them. bout million graduates and hal a million

post2graduates are unemployed in India. It is interesting to note that the le$el o unemployment

increases with the le$el o education. t the 3primary’ le$el" unemployment is 4.(5" which

increases to 6.5 at matriculation. It rises to 75 at graduation and urther to !.45 at the post2

graduate le$el. The $ast ma'ority o the unemployed are rom the rts and 8cience streams. The

percentage o unemployment among rts degree holders increases with the le$el o %ualiication

but declines in the case o 8cience degree holders. 4!5 o rts graduates are unemployed" the

percentage rises to 9!5 among the proessional degree holders o the rts stream. There is more

unemployment among engineering post2graduates than among ordinary graduates and the re$erse

is the case with :ommerce graduates.

; all the se$ere problems Kerala encounters the unemployment is the most critical. Though


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both men and women. The educated unemployment is $ery serious and menacing problem. The

rate o unemployment in


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on unemployment in the state indicate that the problem o unemployment among the educated

has been assuming a gra$e dimension in recent years.

The causes o educated unemployment are deecti$e educational system with its theoretical

bias" 3educational inlation’" lack o aptitude and technical %ualiication to $arious types o works

among 'ob seekers" the malad'ustment between demand and supply o educated workers"

uncontrolled population growth and migration o oreign 'ob seekers" recessions and

infation, lack o skill (:ommunication skill, nalytical skill and problem sol$ing

etc.. " growth o new technologies" demand o highly skilled labour" unsatisied incomes

or salaries o the employees" nepotism" disability to do the 'ob

etc..

It has been obser$ed that one year o unemployment reduces the lie e*pectancy by i$e years.

#ypertension" cardiac problems" psychoneurosis" depression" suicide are rising among youth as

also other beha$iours including 'oining anti2social groups. lcoholism" drug addiction" smoking"

and rash dri$ing beha$iours ha$e increased. These beha$iours are to take re$enge against the

society which has made the youth de$elop low sel2esteem due to unemployment or not being

able to be a producti$e member o the society.

In order to check the rapid growth o unemployment" a number o employment packages were

announced or e*isting unemployed. 8teps ha$e also been taken to create more 'obs. The entire

employment packages are not speciically or educated unemployment. Generally unemployed

can get beneit through these employment packages. The state and central go$ernment has

brought many schemes to pro$ide employment opportunities to the unemployed 8ome


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o the measures that ha$e been implemented by our Indian go$ernment to

o$ercome unemployment are "

In 1!)72)!" go$ernment o India introduced IDP to create ull employment opportunities

in rural areas.

Cational 8cheme o Training o ural -outh or 8el mployment BT-8H was

launched on 16th ugust" 1!)! by the Go$ernment o India. The main ob'ecti$e o this

programme is to reduce unemployment among the youth.

8ome o the similar schemes introduced by go$ernment o India were Eawahar

o+gar -o'ana BE- 8el2employment to ducated &nemployed -outh B8&- " Cehru

o+gar -o'ana BC-" mployment Guarantee 8cheme" Prime Hinister/s Integrated &rban

Po$erty radication Program BPHI&PP" Eawahar Gram 8amridhi -o'anaBEG8-" The

8waran Eayanti o+gar -o'anaB8E-" Prime Hinisters o+gar -o'ana or ducated

&nemployed -outh BPH-" Hahatma Gandhi Cational ural mployment Guarantee

ct Bor" HGCG etc..

The abo$e schemes were launched as a social security measures aimed at

pro$iding employment security to unemployed ones. ?ut none o them cannot ulil

their desired goals. 8o &nemployment is still a baling problem conronting the

nation . It retards economic de$elopment and creates a $icious circle o po$erty and social

unrest. s this problem is more serious among the educated who are unable to utilise their

skills and knowledge" which they ac%uired at the e*pense o public e*che%uer" or

eecting %ualitati$e changes in the economy and society. To depri$e a person o the right

to work in conditions which are congenial to his sel2ulilment is disastrous not only to

the person who is rustrated but also to the social system. The state o


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but also the world at large" has drastically ailed to eecti$ely utilise its skilled manpower

which is the most abundant resource in the state .

8o the state and central go$ernment has to take suitable and appropriate

measures to curb the problem o educated unemployment.

FC:

Dev Mahendra and M. Venkatanarayana, 2011, Youth employment

in ndia, Vol. 2 !! 1"2#1"$ ssociated :hamber o :ommerce and Industry o India 88;:#HJ in 004"

Kol.1"

C;88 in 0012011" mployment and unemployment report or analysing labour

market o

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