ARPA-E Update –BESAC Meeting

Eric Toone

July 26, 2012

ARPA-E’s creation and launching

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2006Rising Above the Gathering Storm (National Academies)

2007America COMPETES Act

President Obama launches ARPA-E at National Academies

on April 27, 2009

Innovation based on science and engineering will be primary driver of our future prosperity & security

2009American Recovery and Reinvestment Act($400M Appropriated)

2011FY2011 Budget($180M Appropriated)

2012FY2012 Budget($275 Appropriated)

ARPA-E’s mission is to overcome the high-risk technological barriers facing energy technologies

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(A) promoting revolutionary advances in fundamental sciences

(B) translating scientific discoveries into technological innovations

(C) accelerating transformational technological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likely to undertake

Reduce Energy-Related Emissions

Improve Energy Efficiency

Reduce Energy Imports

To enhance the economic and energy security of the U.S.

To ensure U.S. technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies

ARPA-E seeks to identify and support technologies that will be both transformational and disruptive

New energy technologies matter only to the extent that they are:

– Both transformational and disruptive– Adopted and deployed by private industry – Meaningful way to consumers – Able to hit a key price tipping point

Benz Motorwagen (1885)

Ford Model T (1914)

Steam-powered Cugnot (1769)

0

2

4

6

8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Transformational

Transformational and Disruptive

Pri

ce

Maturity

Tipping Point

Existing learning curve

New learning curve

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ARPA-E’s program development process is streamlined and ARPA-E does active program management

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Program Development Cycle Program Management Tools

Envision

Establish

Engage

Execute

Program Handoff

Program Conception

ProgramApproval

FOA Development & Issuance

Merit Review of

Proposals

Contract Negotiation

& Awards

Technology to Market Transition

Program Development

(Idea / Vision)

Workshop

Proposal Rebuttal

Project Selection

Ongoing Technical Review

To date ARPA-E has made 181 awards to a wide variety of organizations

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ARPA-E’s first open FOA resulted 37 projects across a wide variety technology areas

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Energy Storage

Biomass EnergyFOA 1

6projects

5projects

5projects

VBR Power Systems

Carbon Capture

5projects

4projects

Solar Fuels

Vehicle Technologies

5projects

Renewable Power

3projects

Building Efficiency

2projects

Waste Heat Capture 1project

Water1project

Conventional Energy

Lignocellulose breakdown is costly

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10

Energy Storage

Biomass EnergyFOA 1

6projects

5projects

5projects

VBR Power Systems

Carbon Capture

5projects

4projects

Solar Fuels

Vehicle Technologies

5projects

Renewable Power

3projects

Building Efficiency

2projects

Waste Heat Capture 1project

Water1project

Conventional Energy Conditionally activated

enzymes expressed in cellulosic energy crops

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Low-contact drilling technology to enable

economical geothermal wells

10

Energy Storage

Biomass EnergyFOA 1

6projects

5projects

5projects

VBR Power Systems

Carbon Capture

5projects

4projects

Solar Fuels

Vehicle Technologies

5projects

Renewable Power

3projects

Building Efficiency

2projects

Waste Heat Capture 1project

Water1project

Conventional Energy

End-Use Efficiency

ARPA-E created 11 focused programs during the last two years

TransportationElectrofuels BEEST BEETIT

Stationary PowerIMPACCT ADEPT GRIDS

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HEATSPETRO

5-6¢/kWh fully installed at the MW scale by 2020

Solar ADEPT GENI REACT

Electro-Autotrophic Synthesis of Higher Alcohols

CO2 Isobutanol

H2 or formate

e-

e-

Electron Transport

H+

H+

H+

H+

O2H2O

ATPADP

NAD(P)+NAD(P)H

e-

ATP synth.

CO2 Pyruvate Isobutanol

CO2 fixationFuel production

ElectricityH2O

(and CO2)Electrolysis

O2H2 (or Formate)

1. Assimilate Reducing Equivalents

2. Fix CO2 for Biosynthesis

3. Generate Energy Dense Liquid Fuel

Electrofuels

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The Semi Solid Flow Cell (SSFC): Flow

Batteries meet Solid Batteries

Spe

cifi

c E

nerg

y (W

h/kg

)

Specific Power (W/kg)1005 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1000

PHEV 40 Goal(2014)

Lithium Ion

Li-S/Li-air/Metal-air/Etc (new chems/mfg)

20

4

6

8100

2

4

Next Gen

BEEST TARGET(EV Goal)

BEEST

Redox Density (M) Voltage (V)

Aqueous Flow Battery ~ 2 ~1

50% Solids SSFC 10-25 ~3.5

Low-Cost Biological Catalyst to Enable Efficient

CO2 Capture

IMPACCT

-0

20406080

100

45 55 65 75 85 95Resi

dual

Acti

vity

(%)

Temperature (Celsius)

Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) Thermostability

Human CAIIParent CARound 1 CARound 2 CA

CO2 + 2H2O

HCO3- + H3O+

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High-Efficiency, on-Line

Membrane Air Dehumidifier

Enabling Sensible Cooling for Warm

and Humid Climates

Reduce primary energy consumption by ~ 40 – 50%

Tamb = 90 oF, RH = 0.9Tsupply = 55 oF, RH = 0.5

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

COPVapor-compression

Prim

ary

Ene

rgy

Use

(kJ

/kg

)

Cooling System Primary Energy Use

Theoretical limit

Current Systems

OpportunityARPA-ETarget

Today

BEETIT

Temperature

Hu

mid

ity R

atio

Refrigeration unit

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Transformative Electrochemical Flow

Storage System

GRIDS

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Chip-scale LED Driver for Commercial Lighting

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ADEPT

25 Watt LED Electronics

Integrated Circuits for Power Systems

• On-chip inductors and transformers

• High-voltage transistors

• High-energy capacitors

Magnetics

Hard Magne

ts

Switches

Integrated WBG

>13kV WBG

Unipolar

SiC

Si

High Flux Soft

Magnets

300x reduction in power stage volume

5-6¢/kWh fully installed at the MW scale by 2020

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Solar ADEPTDual Bi-Directional

IGBTs Modules Enables

Breakthrough PV Inverter Using

Current Modulation Topology

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GENI

Resilient Multi-Terminal HVDC

Networks with High-Voltage High-

Frequency Electronics

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HEATS

Temperature

Sc

ale

> 800 oC~ 500 oC<100 oC

Increase in efficiency > 50% compared to current systems (T ~ 300- 400 oc)

Reduces primary consumption ~ 25%

CHP systems in buildings

Increase EV range by ~ 40%

Synergy between Solar and High-Temp Nuclear

PHEV & EV

High-Efficiency Solar-Electric

Conversion Power Tower

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REACT

to make a new type of magnet:• Half the price • Twice as strong

Iron

Nitrogen

Increase Nitrogen content in Iron and order …

Iron + ?

Transformation Enabled Nitride Magnets Absent Rare Earths (TEN Mare)

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PETRO

• Absorption: Ordinary photosynthesis uses less than half of the incident light energy. Biological pigments that absorb more energy have been identified, but have not used in biofuel production.

• Metabolism: Currently, biofuels are fermented from biologically created materials. The two biological processes are able to be combined into a single process to generate fuel directly.

• Optimization: A dedicated source of biofuel is an agricultural crop. Rapid genetic selection can be used to accelerate the development of viable production strains.

Pine trees engineered to produce liquid fuel and paper

pulp

ARPA-E has recently announced awards for Methane Opportunities for Vehicular Energy (MOVE)

Objectives• 5-yr payback for light duty natural gas vehicles • Conformable tanks with energy density = CNG• Convenient, low-cost at-home refueling

Vehicle Storage + Home Refueling

< $2000

Program director: Dane Boysen

Release date: Feb 2012

Award date: Sep 2012

No. projects: 7-10

Investment: $30M

Approach 1: Low pressure storage (< 500 psi)• Sorbent materials with energy density = CNG

Approach 2: High pressure storage (3,600 psi)• High strength, conformable tanks + low cost compression

Motivation• Price of NG $1.50/gge, gasoline $3.50/gallon• No natural gas infrastructure• Natural gas in 60M homes• Current heavy duty vehicle payback ~ 3 years• Oil consumption for light duty ~60%, heavy

~20%

MOVE Program Portfolio Overview

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Sorbents• Metal organic frameworks

► System focus► Synthesis focus► Computation focus

• Permeability modulated

• Mechanical-chemical tank

Compressors• Liquid piston

• Multi-stage, single piston

• Crycool-sorbent

• On-board

Tanks• Internal struts

• Foam core

• Cellular module

• Small tube diameter

cross section of tank showing the steel liner design

Steel Shell

rib

foam

Advanced Management and Protection of Energy-storage Devices (AMPED) is currently under review

Objectives• Increase battery utilization through adaptive

management, sensing, modeling and power electronics

• Enable hybrid and secondary use applications

Redefine paradigm of energy

management

Program director: Ilan Gur

Release date: Feb 2012

Award date: Sep 2012

No. projects: 10-14

Investment: $30M

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Approaches• Radical sensor integration to allow real-time characterization• Novel diagnostic and state determination through non-electronic signals• Adaptive model and power electronic architecture approaches

Motivation• Current batteries often have 50% overbuild• Current battery management is crude and

limited beyond voltage, current and temperature

• Improve lifetime and valuation of packs• Increase utilization of battery systems without

changes to fundamental cell chemistry• Allow safe, rapid charging of batteries

The 2012 Open FOA is reviewing a wide variety of full applications in anticipation of a September selection

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FOA Launched - March 2

Concept Papers Due - April 12

CP Announcements - June 13

Full Applications due - July 13

Review panels – August 8-10

Applicant feedback due – August 22

Projects announced – late September

Distribution of Encouraged Concept Papers

Key Dates

Thank you.Questions, comments.

Eric.Toone@hq.doe.govEric Toone

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