Arizona Landmarksgeoalliance.asu.edu/sites/default/files/GiantMap/...Arizona Giant Traveling Map...
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Arizona Giant Traveling Map Lesson Carol Warren, Teacher Consultant Arizona Landmarks Arizona has many landmarks. Some of our state’s landmarks are pretty places in our deserts, mountains, and plateaus. Other landmarks tell the story of Arizona’s history and its earliest peoples. Many National Parks and Monuments and Arizona State Parks have been created to protect special natural areas and very old buildings. Our state has so many interesting sites and beautiful locations that there is something for everyone to enjoy. Perhaps you and your family or friends have visited an Arizona landmark. Have you seen the Grand Canyon or Meteor Crater? Have you visited cliff dwellings of Arizona’s earliest peoples or a mission built by the Spanish when they arrived many years ago? Have you played in a river, fished in a lake, or hiked in the mountains? If so, you have visited an Arizona landmark. There are so many different types of landmarks in our state that everyone can find an interesting or lovely place to visit. As you learn more about Arizona’s landmarks, you may find that there are interesting places as close as your own hometown! If you aren’t able to visit them in person, you can always “see” them in books, photographs, and on the internet!
Transcript of Arizona Landmarksgeoalliance.asu.edu/sites/default/files/GiantMap/...Arizona Giant Traveling Map...
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
ArizonaLandmarks
Arizonahasmanylandmarks.Someofourstate’slandmarksareprettyplacesinourdeserts,mountains,andplateaus.OtherlandmarkstellthestoryofArizona’shistoryanditsearliestpeoples.ManyNationalParksandMonumentsandArizonaStateParkshavebeencreatedtoprotectspecialnaturalareasandveryoldbuildings.Ourstatehassomanyinterestingsitesandbeautifullocationsthatthereissomethingforeveryonetoenjoy.
PerhapsyouandyourfamilyorfriendshavevisitedanArizona
landmark.HaveyouseentheGrandCanyonorMeteorCrater?HaveyouvisitedcliffdwellingsofArizona’searliestpeoplesoramissionbuiltbytheSpanishwhentheyarrivedmanyyearsago?Haveyouplayedinariver,fishedinalake,orhikedinthemountains?Ifso,youhavevisitedanArizonalandmark.Therearesomanydifferenttypesoflandmarksinourstatethateveryonecanfindaninterestingorlovelyplacetovisit.
AsyoulearnmoreaboutArizona’slandmarks,youmayfindthatthereareinterestingplacesascloseasyourownhometown!Ifyouaren’tabletovisittheminperson,youcanalways“see”theminbooks,photographs,andontheinternet!
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
ArizonaLandmarksTeacherInformationSheetBagdadCopperMineFreeport-McMoRanInc.ownstheBagdadcoppermine,oneofthelargestcopperresourcesintheworld.Miningbeganherein1882andin2016morethan173,000,000poundsofcopperweremined.BoyceThompsonArboretum(BoyceThompsonArboretumStatePark)BoyceThompsonArboretumisthelargestandoldestbotanicalgardeninthestateofArizona.ItisoneoftheoldestbotanicalinstitutionswestoftheMississippi.Foundedin1924asadesertplantresearchfacilityand“livingmuseum”,theArboretumislocatedintheSonoranDeserton392acresalongQueenCreekandbeneaththetoweringvolcanicremnant,PicketpostMountain.BoyceThompsonArboretumislocated3mileswestofSuperior,Arizona.(FromBoyceThompsonSPwebsite)CanyondeChelly(CanyondeChellyNationalMonument)Fornearly5,000years,peoplehavelivedinthesedeep,branchedsandstonecanyons-longerthananyonehasliveduninterruptedanywhereontheColoradoPlateau.ItsprominentfeaturesincludeSpiderRockspire,about800-feettall,andtoweringsandstonecliffssurroundingagreen,lushcanyon.NearAncestralPuebloansruins,Navajofamiliesmaketheirhomes,raiselivestock,andfarmthelandsinthecanyons.ThemonumentislocatedinChinle,ArizonaandisentirelyonNavajoNationlands.CasaGrandeRuins(CasaGrandeRuinsNationalMonument)AnAncestralSonoranDesertPeople'sfarmingcommunityand"GreatHouse"arepreservedatCasaGrandeRuins.ItisnotknowniftheCasaGrandewasagatheringplacefortheDesertPeopleorsimplyawaypointmarkerinanextensivesystemofcanalsandtradingpartners.ThereisevidencethattheancestralSonoranDesertpeoplewhobuilttheCasaGrandealsodevelopedwide-scaleirrigationfarmingandextensivetradeconnectionswhichlastedoverathousandyearsuntilabout1450C.E.(FromCasaGrandeRuinsNMwebsite)CoronadoTrailTheCoronadoTrailNationalScenicBywayisaveryscenic,steep,andwindingroadthroughtheWhiteMountainsofeasternArizona.Itis123milesofU.S.191ineasternArizonafromthetwinminingcitiesofCliftonandMorenciinthesouthtothetwinWhiteMountaincitiesofEagarandSpringervilleinthenorth.Theroutefollowsthetrailthoughttohavebeenusedin1540bySpanishexplorerFranciscoVasquezdeCoronadoashesearchedforthefabled“SevenCitiesofCibola.”
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
FortBowieNationalHistoricSiteFortBowiewasa19th-centuryoutpostoftheUnitedStatesArmylocatedinsoutheasternArizonanearthepresent-daytownofWillcox,Arizona.FortBowiewasthefocalpointformilitaryactionsbytheUSArmyagainsttheChiricahuaApachesforover20years.FourCornersNavajoNationParkTheFourCornersMonumentmarksthepointwherethestatesofArizona,Colorado,NewMexico,andUtahmeet.ItistheonlypointintheUnitedStatessharedbyfourstates,leadingtotheareabeingnamedtheFourCornersregion.TheFourCornersMonumentisadministeredbytheNavajoNationDepartmentofParksandRecreation.GilaTrailThesouthernoverlandroutetoCaliforniaandthePacificOceanthroughpresent-dayArizonahasbeeninuseforcenturies—firstbyNativeAmericansthenbyEuropeanssincethe1500sbutespeciallyin1846-1850duringtheMexican-AmericanWarandtheCaliforniaGoldRush.Thiswasnotasingleroad,butseveralroutesthatenteredmodern-dayArizonafromtheeastandsouth.ThetrailsjoinedatthePimaVillagesontheGilaRiver,thenfollowedtheGilaRiverinawesterlydirectiontoitsconfluencewiththeColoradoRiveratYumaCrossing.ThousandsmadetheirwayoverthevariousroutesoftheSouthernOverlandTrail.Inlate1877,theSouthernPacificRailroadfollowedsomeofthiscorridorasitconnectedCalifornia,acrossArizona,totherestoftheUnitedStates.TravelersonmodernInterstates8,10,and19closelyfollowpartsofthesameroute.GlenCanyonDamRising710feetabovebedrockwithinthesteep,rust-coloredsandstonewallsofGlenCanyon,thedamwasconstructedtoharnessthepoweroftheColoradoRiverinordertoprovideforthewaterandpowerneedsofmillionsofpeopleintheWest.GlenCanyonDamisthesecondhighestconcrete-archdamintheUnitedStates,secondonlytoHooverDam(whichstandsat726feet).WaterisstoredinLakePowell,createdbyGlenCanyonDam.GrandCanyon(GrandCanyonNationalPark)GrandCanyonNationalParkishometomuchoftheimmenseGrandCanyon,withitslayeredbandsofredrockrevealingmillionsofyearsofgeologicalhistoryinacanyon,formedovermillionsofyearsbyerosion,thatis277rivermileslong,upto18mileswide,andamiledeep.TheGrandCanyonistheresultofadistinctandorderedcombinationofgeologicevents.Itbeganalmosttwobillionyearsagowiththeformationoftheigneousandmetamorphicrocksoftheinnergorge.Abovetheseoldrockslielayeruponlayerofsedimentaryrock.Then,between70and30millionyearsago,throughtheactionofplatetectonics,thewholeregionwasuplifted,resultinginthehighandrelativelyflatColoradoPlateau.Finally,beginningjust5-6millionyearsago,theColoradoRiverbegantocarveitswaydownward.Furthererosionbytributarystreamsledtothecanyon’swidening.
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
StilltodaytheseforcesofnatureareatworkslowlydeepeningandwideningtheGrandCanyon.(FromGrandCanyonNPSwebsite)GrandCanyonCavernsTheGrandCanyonCavernsinNorthernArizonaisnaturallimestonecavern.ItisthelargestdrycavernintheU.S.,located200-300feetbelowthesurface.GrandCanyonRailwayTheGrandCanyonRailwayisahistoricrailroadwhichcarriespassengersbetweenWilliams,Arizona,andtheSouthRimofGrandCanyonNationalPark.The64-milerailroad,builtbytheAtchison,TopekaandSantaFeRailway,wascompletedonSeptember17,1901.HiJollyMemorialHiJollyMemorialisamonumentinQuartzsite,Arizona.Thispyramid-shapedmarkerhonorsoneoftheUnitedStatesGovernment'sfirstofficialcamelriders.SecretaryofWarJeffersonDavishadanewideatotransportfreightandpeopleacrossthedesertsouthwestoncamels.In1856,heimportedover70camelsandalongwiththefirstbatchcameaSyriancaretaker,HadjiAli,whoseAmericannamewasHiJolly.However,by1866,thestartoftheCivilWaraswellasproblemswithusingthecamelsbroughttheprojecttoanend.ThecamelsweresetfreetofendforthemselvesinthedesertnearQuartzsite.HiJollyremainedinQuartzsite,livingintohisseventies.HooverDamHooverDamisaconcretearch-gravitydamintheBlackCanyonoftheColoradoRiver,ontheborderbetweentheU.S.statesofNevadaandArizona.Itwasconstructedbetween1931and1936duringtheGreatDepressionandwasdedicatedonSeptember30,1935,byPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.Itisthehighestconcrete-archdamintheUnitedStatesat726feet.HopiReservationTheHopiTribeisasovereignnationlocatedinnortheasternArizona.ThereservationoccupiespartofCoconinoandNavajocounties,encompassesmorethan1.5millionacres,andismadeupof12villagesonthreemesas.Traditionallyfarmers,theHopicontinuetofarm,respectfulofthelandanditsresources.Overthecenturiestheyhavemanagedtoretaintheirculture,languageandreligiondespiteinfluencesfromtheoutsideworld.WalpiistheoldestvillageonFirstMesa,havingbeenestablishedin1690.(FromtheHopiTribalwebsite)
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
KartchnerCavernsLonghiddenfromview,thecavernswerediscoveredneartheWhetstoneMountainsin1974bytwolocalcaversandthenassistedbyastatebiologistwhohelpedpreservethecavernsuntilitopenedasastatepark.Thecavernsarecarvedoutoflimestoneandfilledwithspectacularcaveformationswhichhavebeengrowingfor50,000yearsorlongerandarestillgrowing.AStateParkwascreatedtousecarefulandtechnicaldevelopmentandmaintenanceoftheareatopreservethecavesystem.Theparkfeaturesacavewith2.4milesofpassages.Itislocated9milessouthofthetownofBensonandwestoftheSanPedroRiver.(FromKartchnerCavernsSPwebsite)KittPeakNationalObservatoryThemostdiversecollectionofastronomicalobservatoriesonEarthfornighttimeopticalandinfraredastronomyanddaytimestudyoftheSunarefoundatKittPeak.TheNationalSolarObservatory,foundedin1958,operatesthreemajornighttimetelescopesandhostsorganizationswhichoperateover20opticaltelescopesandtworadiotelescopes.KittPeakislocated56milessouthwestofTucson,AZ,ontheTohonoO'odhamNationandhasaVisitorCenteropendailytothepublic.LavenderPitMineTheLavenderPitisaformeropenpitcopperminenearBisbee,Arizona.ItislocatednearthefamousCopperQueenMine.TheLavenderPitwasnamedinhonorofHarrisonM.Lavender,whowasVice-PresidentandGeneralManagerofPhelpsDodgeCorporation.Lavenderconceivedandcarriedouttheplanformakingthepreviouslyunprofitablelow-gradecopperbearingrockoftheareaintoveryprofitablecommercialcopperore.LondonBridgeLondonBridgeislocatedLakeHavasuCity,Arizona.Itwasbuiltinthe1830sandformerlyspannedtheRiverThamesinLondon,England.Itwasdismantledin1967andrelocatedtoArizona.TheArizonaLondonBridgeisareinforcedconcretestructurecladintheoriginalmasonryofthe1830sbridge.Thebridge,completedin1971,crossesoveraman-madelakewhichlinksanislandintheColoradoRiverwiththemainpartofLakeHavasuCity.LowellObservatoryLowellObservatoryisanastronomicalobservatoryinFlagstaff,Arizona.LowellObservatorywasestablishedin1894byPercivalLowell.ItisamongtheoldestobservatoriesintheUnitedStatesandisaNationalHistoricLandmark.ItwasattheLowellObservatorythatthedwarfplanetPlutowasdiscoveredbyClydeTombaughin1930.
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
MeteorCraterMeteorCraterisameteoriteimpactcraterapproximately37mileseastofFlagstaffand18mileswestofWinslowinthenorthernArizonaplateau.ThecrateristheresultofacollisionthatrockedtheAmericanSouthwestapproximately50,000yearsagowiththeenergyofmorethan20milliontonsofTNT.Itisnearlyonemileacross,2.4milesincircumferenceandmorethan550feetdeep.MonumentValleyMonumentValleyisaregionoftheColoradoPlateauontheArizona–UtahborderneartheFourCornersarea.Theareaischaracterizedbyaclusterofvastsandstonebuttes,thelargestreaching1,000feetabovethevalleyfloor.Delicatepinnaclesofrockaresurroundedbymilesofmesasandbuttes,shrubsandtrees,andwindblownsand,allcomprisingthemagnificentcolorsofthevalley.ThevalleylieswithintheterritoryoftheNavajoNationReservation.MountGrahamMt.GrahamisamountaininGrahamCounty,Arizona,approximately70milesnortheastofTucson.Themountainreaches10,724feetinheightandisthehighestelevationinGrahamCounty,theCoronadoNationalForestandthePinaleñoMountains.LocatedthereistheMountGrahamInternationalObservatoryownedandoperatedbyTheUniversityofArizona.ThemountainisalsohometotheMountGrahamredsquirrel,oneof25subspeciesofredsquirrelsfoundthroughoutNorthAmerica.TheMountGrahamsubspecies,whichisfoundonlythesemountainsofsoutheasternArizona,wasthoughttohavebeenextinctinthe1950s.However,smallnumbersofsquirrelswerefoundinthe1970s.Thesquirrelwasaddedtothefederalendangeredspecieslistin1987whentheestimatedpopulationin1986wasfewerthan400.MountLemmonAsummerretreat,MountLemmonisapproximately30degreescoolerthannearbyTucson,whichisonlyaboutonehouraway.LocatedintheSantaCatalinaRange,MountLemmonissurroundedbytheCoronadoNationalForest.TheSouthwest’slargestdedicatedpublictelescope,theMt.LemmonSkyCenterObservatory,islocatedaboveSkiValleySkiResortatthetopofMountLemmon.Withasummitelevationof9,159feet,itisthehighestpointintheSantaCatalinaMountains.MountTrumbullMt.TrumbullislocatednorthofGrandCanyonNationalPark.Itis8,028feethigh.Theareaishometoavarietyofanimals.Muledeerareacommonsightinthemorningsandlateafternoons.TherearealargenumberofsquirrelsincludingtheKaibabsquirrel.
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
OatmanOatmanwassettledover100yearsagoasaminingtentcampandquicklybecameaflourishinggold-miningcenter.TodayOatmanisafunplacetovisit--anauthenticoldwesterntownwithburrosroamingthestreetsandgunfightsstagedonweekends.OatmanisfortunatethatitwaslocatedonhistoricU.S.Route66andtodayattractslotsofvisitors.OrganPipeCactusNationalMonumentOrganPipeCactusNationalMonumentisbothaU.S.NationalMonumentandUNESCObiospherereservelocatedinextremesouthernArizonaandsharesaborderwiththeMexicanstateofSonora.TheparkistheonlyplaceintheUnitedStateswheretheorganpipecactusgrowswild.PaintedDesertThePaintedDesertisabroadregionofrockybadlandswherethelandscapefeaturesrocksineverycolor–fromdeeplavendersandrichgraystoreds,oranges,andpinks.LocatedinNorthernArizona,thePaintedDesertstretchesfromtheGrandCanyonNationalParkeastwardtothePetrifiedForestNationalPark,withalargeportionlyingwithintheNavajoNation.PaintedRocksPetroglyphs(BLMSite)PaintedRockisanancientarchaeologicalsitecontaininghundredsofsymbolicandartisticrocketchings,orpetroglyphs,producedcenturiesagobyprehistoricpeoples.Therearealsoinscriptionsmadebypeoplewhopassedthroughduringhistorictimes.Itislocated18milesfromGilaBend.AlthoughconsideredaHohokamrockartsite,PaintedRockisontheextremewesternedgeoftheHohokamculturalarea.EastofPaintedRock,petroglyphstakeonmoretypicalHohokamcharacteristics,whilepetroglyphsfartherwesttakeonmorecharacteristicsofthePatayanCulture.(FromPaintedRockBLMwebsite)PetrifiedForestNationalParkThePetrifiedForestNationalParkislocatedinthegreaterPaintedDesert.(Theyarenottwoseparateparks.)Hometoavarietyofgrasslandplantsandanimals,theparkisnamedforitslargedepositsofpetrifiedwood.Itisknownforitsfossils,especiallyfallentreesthatlivedabout225millionyearsago.Manyyearsago,treesgrewandgiantreptilesroamedtheland.Astheclimatebegantochange,treesdiedandwereburiedundersediment.Aswaterflowedoverthesedimentthetreesbegantodecay.Mineralsinthewatercausedastonemoldtoforminplaceofthetrees’cells.Thisresultedinpetrifiedtrees.Manycolorfulpetrifiedlogsfromthesetreesarevisibletoday.(FromPetrifiedForestNPSwebsite)PioneerAZLivingHistoryMuseumLocatedinPhoenix,themuseum,(alsoknownasPioneerVillage),has30historicoriginalandreconstructedbuildingsfromthe1880sandearly1900s.
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
PowerhouseRoute66MuseumTheArizonaRoute66MuseumislocatedinKingman’sHistoricPowerhouseanddepictsthehistoryoftravelalongthe35thparallelthatbecameRoute66.Itisamuseumofhistory,housedinahistoricalbuildingthatcreatedthepowertolightthewayfortheearliestRoute66travelers.(FromPowerhouseMuseumwebsite)PrescottThetownofPrescottwasfoundedin1864astheTerritorialCapitalofArizona.Situatednearearlygoldminingactivity,itwasalsodesignatedastheCountySeatofYavapaiCounty.Todayitisapopularlocationforsummervisitors.RedRocksofSedonaBeautifulredsandstoneformationscanbefoundnearSedona,AZ.Theformationsappeartoglowinbrilliantorangeandredwhenilluminatedbytherisingorsettingsun.NearbyRedRocksStateParkpreservesanareaforpublicuse.RooseveltDamRooseveltDamisontheSaltRiverlocatednortheastofPhoenix.Thedamis357feethighandformsTheodoreRooseveltLakewhereitstoresthewateroftheSaltRiver.Originallybuiltbetween1905and1911,thedamwasrenovatedandexpandedin1989–1996.ThedamisnamedafterPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt,andthewaterinthereservoirismainlyforirrigation,publicwatersupply,andfloodcontrol.Thedamalsohasahydroelectricgeneratingcapacityof36megawatts.SaguaroNationalParkNationalParkLocatedinPimaCountyinsoutheasternArizona,the92,000-acre,SaguaroNationalParkpreservesSonoranDesertlandscapes,fauna,andflora,includingthegiantsaguarocactus.Itconsistsoftwoseparateareas:theTucsonMountainDistrictabout10mileswestofthecityofTucsonandtheRinconMountainDistrictabout10mileseastofTucson.SaltRiverRaftingDuringthesummer,thousandsofArizonanstraveldowntheSaltRiverbytubingorrafting.TheSaltRiverbeginsintheWhiteMountainsandflowswest-southwestuntilitjoinstheGilaRiverabout15mileswestofPhoenix.Today,damsbuiltontheriverhaverestricteditsyearlyflow.SanXavierMission(MissionSanXavierdelBac)ANationalHistoricLandmark,SanXavierMissionwasfoundedasaCatholicmissionbyFatherEusebioKinoin1692.Constructionofthecurrentchurchbeganin1783andwascompletedin1797.ItistheoldestintactEuropeanstructureinArizona.Thechurch'sinteriorisfilledwithoriginalstatuaryandmuralpaintings.Thechurchretainsitsoriginal
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
purposeofministeringtothereligiousneedsofitsparishioners.Themissionis9milessouthofdowntownTucson.SunriseSkiResortIntheheartofArizona'sWhiteMountains,SunriseParkResortisarecreationalsiteofferingawiderangeofactivities.Inwinter,threemountainsofferskiing;andduringthesummer,cooltemperaturesandoutdooradventuresincludescenicliftrides,zip-linetours,downhillmountainbiking,naturehikes,archerycourse,watersportsandhorsebacktours.TheresortisownedandoperatedbytheWhiteMountainApacheTribe.SunsetCrater(SunsetCraterVolcanoNationalMonument)SunsetCraterisacinderconelocatednorthofFlagstaff,Arizona.ThecrateriswithintheSunsetCraterVolcanoNationalMonument.SunsetCrateristheyoungestinastringofvolcanoes(theSanFranciscovolcanicfield)thatisrelatedtothenearbySanFranciscoPeaks.TheeruptionbeganbetweenA.D.1064–1065.However,morerecentgeologicandarchaeologicalevidenceplacestheeruptionaroundA.D.1085.(FromSunsetCraterNPSwebsite)TombstoneThetownofTombstonewasfoundedin1877byaprospectornamedEdSchieffelininwhatwasthenPimaCounty,ArizonaTerritory(todayCochiseCounty).Itgrewquicklyasthelocalminesproduced$40to$85millioninsilverbullion.ItwasthelargestproductivesilverdistrictinArizona.Itspopulationgrewfrom100toaround14,000inlessthansevenyears,oneofthelastboomtownsontheAmericanfrontier.BestknownasthesiteoftheGunfightattheO.K.Corral,itcurrentlydrawsmostofitsincomefromtourism.(FromTombstone,AZwebsite)TontoNaturalBridgeStateParkTontoNaturalBridgeisanaturalarchinArizonathatisbelievedtobethelargestnaturaltravertinebridgeintheworld.Travertineisahardwhiteorlight-coloredlimestonethatdevelopsquicklyinhotspringsandcaves.TheareasurroundingthebridgehasbeenmadeintoastateparkcalledTontoNaturalBridgeStatePark.Tumacácori(TumacácoriNationalHistoricalPark)TheNationalHistoricalParkconsistsof360acresinthreeseparateunits.TheparkprotectstheruinsofthreeSpanishmissioncommunities,twoofwhichareNationalHistoricLandmarksites.ThefirstSpanishColonialJesuitmissionsinsouthernArizonawereestablishedin1691.MissionSanCayetanodeTumacácoriandMissionLosSantosÁngelesdeGuevaviarethetwooldestmissions.Thethird,MissionSanCayetanodeCalabazas,locatedintheupperSantaCruzRiverValley,wasestablishedin1756.(FromTumacácoriNHPwebsite)
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
VermillionCliffsLocatedontheColoradoPlateauinnorthernArizona,VermillionCliffsispartoftheremoteandunspoiled294,000-acreVermilionCliffsNationalMonument.Themonumentisageologictreasure,containingPariaPlateau,VermilionCliffs,CoyoteButtesandPariaCanyon.Thelandscapeincludesviewsoftoweringcliffsanddeepcanyons.WalnutCanyonNationalMonumentWalnut Canyon is located in the pine forests near Flagstaff, Arizona. It is a steep canyon which cuts through the rolling plateau. Twenty miles long, 400 feet deep and ¼-mile wide, it was carved by Walnut Creek over a period of 60 million years. Walnut Canyon has a long human history. Artifacts show that Archaic peoples, who traveled throughout the Southwest thousands of years ago, occupied the canyon at times. Later the first permanent inhabitants came and flourished in the region from about A.D. 600 until 1400. Archeologists labeled this prehistoric culture Sinagua, from the old Spanish name for the region meaning “mountains without water.” TodayvisitorstotheMonumentfollowa0.9milelonglooptrailthatdescends185feetintothecanyonpassing25cliffdwellingroomsconstructedbytheSinagua,fromabout1100to1250CE.TheWalnutCanyoncommunitythrivedforanother150yearsbeforethepeoplemovedon.(FromWalnutCanyonNPSwebsite)WoodsCanyonLake(WoodsCanyonLakeRecreationArea)WoodsCanyonLakeisabeautiful,canyonbound,deeplake,withplentyoftroutfishingopportunities.Atanelevationof7,510feet,itis30mileseastofPaysonontheMogollonRim.WoodsCanyonLakecovers55surfaceacresandhasamaximumdepthof40feet.YumaTerritorialPrison(YumaTerritorialPrisonStateHistoricPark)OnabluffoverlookingtheColoradoRiver,threemileswestoftheconfluenceoftheColoradowiththeGilaRiver,areruinsofYumaTerritorialPrison.ThetownofYumabeganasthelocationformanyimmigrantstocrosstheColoradoRiverbyferryontheirwaytotheCaliforniagoldfieldsin1849.In1850,amilitarypostwasestablishedatthecrossing.AsYumagrew,itwaschosenasthelocationofthenewArizonaTerritorialPrison.ThefirstseveninmatesmovedintothefacilityonJuly1,1876.Theprisonheldavarietyoflawviolators,includingthelegendaryfemalestagecoachrobberPearlHart.Theprisoncontinuedinoperationfor33yearswhen,duetoovercrowding,allinmatesweremovedtoanewfacilityinFlorence,Arizona.(FromYumaTerritorialPrisonSPwebsite)
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
Organ PipeCactus Nat'lMonument
KartchnerCaverns
Fort Bowie Nat'lHistoric Site
Canyon deChelly
Casa GrandeRuins
Sunset Crater
Walnut CanyonNat'l Monument
Grand Canyon
GlenCanyon Dam
Tonto NaturalBridgeState Park
BoyceThompsonArboretum
Tombstone
SaguaroNat'l Park
Tumacácori
YumaTerritorial
Prison
LowellObservatory
4 CornersNavajoNation Park
London Bridge Prescott
PaintedDesert
Grand CanyonCaverns
Hoover Dam
Grand CanyonRailway
Roosevelt Dam
Red Rocksof Sedona
HopiReservation
Hi JollyMemorial
Meteor Crater
Mt. Lemmon
Mt. Graham
Kitt PeakObservatory
LavendarPit Mine
San XavierMission
Pioneer AZ LivingHistory Museum
Painted RockPetroglyphs
PowerhouseRoute 66Museum
WoodsCanyonLake
VermillionCliffs
MonumentValley
SunriseSki Resort
Salt RiverRafting
CoronadoTrail
Oatman
Mt. Trumbell
Gila Trail
BagdadCopper Mine
Petrified ForestNational Park
Organ PipeCactus Nat'lMonument
KartchnerCaverns
Fort Bowie Nat'lHistoric Site
Canyon deChelly
Casa GrandeRuins
Sunset Crater
Walnut CanyonNat'l Monument
Grand Canyon
GlenCanyon Dam
Tonto NaturalBridgeState Park
BoyceThompsonArboretum
Tombstone
SaguaroNat'l Park
Tumacácori
YumaTerritorial
Prison
LowellObservatory
4 CornersNavajoNation Park
London Bridge Prescott
PaintedDesert
Grand CanyonCaverns
Hoover Dam
Grand CanyonRailway
Roosevelt Dam
Red Rocksof Sedona
HopiReservation
Hi JollyMemorial
Meteor Crater
Mt. Lemmon
Mt. Graham
Kitt PeakObservatory
LavenderPit Mine
San XavierMission
Pioneer AZ LivingHistory Museum
Painted RockPetroglyphs
PowerhouseRoute 66Museum
WoodsCanyonLake
VermillionCliffs
MonumentValley
SunriseSki Resort
Salt RiverRafting
CoronadoTrail
Oatman
Mt. Trumbull
Gila Trail
BagdadCopper Mine
Petrified ForestNational Park
Giant Arizona Map: Landmarks Key
0 50 10025 Miles
Arizona Geographic Alliance
School of Geographical Sciences and Urban PlanningArizona State UniversityCartographer: BarbaraTrapido-LurieAZLandmarkLocations.pdf
Courtesy:http://geoalliance.asu.edu
109°W
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37°N37°N
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ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
Key–Activities1and2Landmark Human or Physical
(best answer) Grid Coordinates
(can be latitude and longitude for older students)
Bagdad Copper Mine human C6
Boyce Thompson Arboretum
human F4
Canyon de Chelly physical G9
Casa Grande Ruins human E4/F4
Coronado Trail human H4 to H5
Fort Bowie National Historic Site human H3
Four Corners Navajo Nation Park human H10
Gila Trail human B4 to C4
Glen Canyon Dam human E10
Grand Canyon physical D9
Grand Canyon Caverns physical C8
Grand Canyon Railway human D8
Hi Jolly Memorial human B5
Hoover Dam human A9
Hopi Reservation human F8
Kartchner Caverns physical F2
Kitt Peak Observatory human E2
Lavender Pit Mine human G2
London Bridge human B6
Lowell Observatory human E7
Meteor Crater physical F7
Monument Valley physical G10
Mount Graham physical G4
ArizonaGiantTravelingMapLesson
CarolWarren,TeacherConsultant
Mount Lemmon physical F3
Mount Trumbull physical C9
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument physical C3
Oatman human B7
Painted Desert physical G8
Painted Rock Petroglyphs human C4
Petrified Forest National Park physical G7
Pioneer AZ Living History Museum human D5
Powerhouse Route 66 Museum human B7
Prescott human D6
Red Rocks of Sedona physical E7
Roosevelt Dam human E5/F5
Saguaro National Park physical F3
Salt River Rafting human F5
San Xavier Mission human F3
Sunrise Ski Resort human G5
Sunset Crater physical E8
Tombstone human G2
Tonto Natural Bridge State Park physical E6
Tumacácori human F2
Walnut Canyon National Monument physical E7
Vermillion Cliffs physical D10 to E10
Woods Canyon Lake physical F6
Yuma Territorial Prison human A4
