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AreviewofnutriologyoffoodhydrocolloidsSHANGLongChen(商龙臣)１daggerJIN WeiPing(金伟平)２daggerTIANJing(田静)１LIJing(李晶)１ amp LIBin(李斌)１lowast

１CollegeofFoodScienceandTechnologyHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityWuhan４３００７０China２CollegeofFoodScienceandEngineeringWuhanPolytechnicUniversityWuhan４３００２３China

ReceivedDecember１９２０１７acceptedJanuary１８２０１８

lowast Correspondingauthor(Emaillibinfoodmailhzaueducn)daggerTheseauthorscontributedequallytothiswork

Abstract　MostcurrentcommerciallyimportanthydrocolloidscouldbeconsideredasdietaryfibersAgreatdealofresearchhasfocusedonthebioＧfunctionofhydrocolloid materialsresultingfrom theirchemicalstructureincluding antioxidantpropertiesbacteriostaticcapacity and cancer preventionHoweverthe colloidal properties of hydrocolloidsin waterＧholdinghigh viscositygelling andindigestionwhicharecharacterizedbymacromoleculesalsocontributetothehumanhealthThereforethenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsderivingfromtheircolloidpropertiesisdefinedascolloidnutriologyMorespecificallyhydrocolloidsinthisstudyrefertodietaryfiberswhichare metabolicallyinertorfermentedinthecolonorlargeintestineBasedonthisconceptionthisminiＧreviewattemptstoelaboratethenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsresultingfromitscolloidalproperties

Keywords　HydrocolloidsDietaryfibersColloidalpropertiesNutriologyHealthbenefitsdoi１０１６２６２jcnki１００５Ｇ０８４１２０１８０１００４

１　Introduction

OverweightandobesityareincreasinglyprevalentathomeandabroadHumanhealthisseriouslythreatenedbythemetabolicdiseasessuchasdiabeteshypertensionhyperlipidemiaandcoronaryheartdiseasewhich maydirectlybeinducedbyoverweightandobesity [１]Compared with weightlosingthroughsurgeryordrugsitismoreeasilyacceptabletocontrolbodyweightbyadjustingourdietaryhabitAsakindoffoodingredienthydrocolloidshavebecomeanimportantmaterialinvolvedinthemanagementofbodyweightduetoitslowenergydensityandstrongsatietycapability

Hydrocolloidshaveinfluenceonhealthbyregulatingthefooddigestionandnutrientadsorption[２mdash４]IthasbeenreportedthathydrocolloidsＧenrichedfoodfacilitatestheincreaseofchewingactivityandsalivasecretionandresultsinthereductionoffeedingratewhichelicitssatietysignalandturnofftheappetiteMeanwhilehydrocolloidsslowstomachemptyingbyformingamatrixofahighviscosityinthepresenceofwaterFurthermoreitdelaysthereleaseofnutrientssuchasglucoseandfattyacidfromfoodmatrixthusslowingdowntheiradsorptionbythesmallintestineInadditiontothecontrolovergastricemptyingnutrientreleaseandadsorptionhydrocolloidsfunctionasanilealbraketoslowdowntheperistalsisofintestinaltract[５]Besideshydrocolloidsregulatethesecretionofintestinalhormonesand modulatemicrobialpopulationtherebyexercisingphysiologicaleffectsinsatietycontrolandinhealthpromotion[６mdash８]Consequentlytheintakeofhydrocolloidsisaneasiermeanstocontrolbodyweightandpromoteour

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healthcomparedwithothermeans [９]ThisminiＧreviewisaimedtorevealthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsandtheunderlying mechanismsfrom theperspectiveofphysicochemicalpropertiesbyelaboratingtheeffectsofhydrocolloidsonintestinalfunctionsviatheregulationofsatietyandfoodintake

２　Nutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsingastricintestine(GI)tract

HydrocolloidsareabundantinfruitsvegetablesgrainproductsnutsandotherplantsTheyhaveuniquestructuralfeaturesinthemolecularweightsthecompositionofmonosaccharaidesthelinkagetypesofmainchainsandbranchchainsThemolecularstructureofhydrocolloidsdeterminestheirphysicalpropertiesinwatersolubilityviscousperformanceandsoforthwhichaffectthedigestionalongthedigestivetracttherebyexertingitsspecialnutritionalfunctionBasicchemicalandphysicalpropertiesoffrequentlyutilizedhydrocolloidsaresummarizedinTable１AndtheevidenceＧbasednutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsisreviewedinthefollowingtexts

Table１　Basicphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofsomecommonlyuseddietaryfibers１)

Category Fermentability Dietaryfiber Mainsource Solubility Chemicalstructures Degradationenzymes Ref

Glucan Slowlydegraded

RS Seedcereal andcooledstarchyfood

Insoluble Linear αＧ(１４) Gluunitsbranched withαＧ(１６)Glu

αＧAmylaseglucoamylaseisoamylasepullulanase

[９２]

Cellulose AllplantcellwallsInsoluble LinearβＧ(１４)Gluunits endoglucanasecellobiohydrolases

βＧglucosidases

[１１６]

Pectins Rapidlydegraded

HomogalactuＧronan

Fruitsvegetableslegumes sugarbeetpotatoes

Soluble Linear αＧ(１４) GalAunitspartiallymethylatedandacetylated

Polygalacturonasepectinesterase

[１１７１１８]

RhamnoＧGalacturonanI

Soluble LinearαＧ(１４)GalAandαＧ(１２)Rhaunits

RGlyaseRGhydrolaseRGacetylesterase

[１１７１１９mdash１２１]

RhamnoＧgalacturonanII

Soluble LinearαＧ(１４)GalAunits branched withApiAraAceADhaFucGalGluAKdoRhaXyl

Notknown [１１７１２１]

Pecticgalactan

Soluble ComposedofβＧ(１４)GalβＧ(１６)GalαＧ(１４)Araunits

βＧ(１４)Galactanase

βＧ(１６)galactanaseαＧarabinosidase

[１１７１２２]

Arabinogalactan Soluble ComposedofβＧ(１３)GalβＧ(１６)GalαＧ(１５)Araand(１３)

βＧ(１３)Galactanase

βＧ(１６)galactanaseαＧ(１５)arabinanase

[１１７１２２]

Arabinan Soluble ComposedofαＧ(１５)(１３)and αＧ(１２)Araunits

αＧ(１５)ArabinanaseαＧLＧarabinofuranosidase

[１１７１１８]

HemiＧcelluloses

Degradedmore quicklythancellulose

Arabinoxylan Matrix of plantcell wallsespeciallycerealgrains

Alkalisoluble

βＧ(１４)Xylunitsasthebackbonewithsidechains of Ara unitslinkedviaαＧ(１２)αＧ(１３)andαＧ(１５)GalGluAand FerAunitsmayalsobepresentinthebranchedpoints

xylanaseαＧglucuronidaseαＧLＧarabinofuranosidase

βＧxylosidaseferuloylesteraseacetylxylanesterase

[１２３１２４]

(Tobecontinuedonthenextpage)

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Category Fermentability Dietaryfiber Mainsource Solubility Chemicalstructures Degradationenzymes Ref

Xyloglucan AlkaliSoluble

βＧ(１４)Glu unitsasthe backbone withsingleunitsidechainsofαＧ(１６)XylGalandFucmayalsopresentinthebranchedpoint

Xyloglucanasexylosidase

βＧDＧgluconase

βＧDＧgalactosidase

[１１６１２５]

Glucomannan Soluble LinearorslightlybranchedbackbonechainofβＧ(１４)ManandβＧ(１４)Glu

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１２５mdash１２７]

Galactomannan Soluble LinearorslightlybranchedbackbonechainofβＧ(１４)ManandβＧ(１４)GluwithsidechainsofαＧ(１６)Gal

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１２５]

βＧGlucan Soluble Repeatinglinearpolymeroftwo βＧ(１４) Glualternated withβＧ(１３)Gluunits

Licheninase

βＧglucanendohydrolaseendo(１４)βＧglucanase

[１２８]

PolyＧfructans Rapidlydegraded

Inulin Chicoryroot HeatedSoluble

βＧ(２１)Fru Inulinase

βＧ(２１)fructanlyase[１２９]

Levan βＧ(２６)Fru Levanase

βＧfructofuronosidase[１３０]

Gums Rapidlydegraded

Carrageenan alga Heatedsoluble

Sulfated galactansunitsofβＧ(１３)GalandαＧ(１４)linked３６anhydroGal

κＧCarrageenase [１３１]

Alginate Brownalga Saltsoluble LinearβＧ(１４)ManAandαＧ(１４)GluA

Alginatelyase [１３２]

Xanthangum Xanthomonascampestris

Diffluent βＧ(１４)Glu unitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsof ManGluAandManAlinkedviaβＧ(１４)βＧ(１２)andβＧ(１６)

Xanthanlyase

βＧGlucanase

βＧGlucosidaseαＧMannosidase

[ １３３１３４]

Guargum Guarbeans Diffluent βＧ(１４)ManunitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsαＧ(１６)ofGal(ManGal＝１５６∶１)

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidaseUnsaturatedglucuronylhydrolase

[１３５１３６]

Locustbeangum

Locustbean Heatedsoluble

βＧ(１４)ManunitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsαＧ(１６)ofGal(ManGal＝３５∶１)

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１３７１３８]

　１)AbbreviationsRSresistantstarchRGIrhamnogalacturonanIRGIIrhamnogalacturonanIIAceAacericacidAraarabinose

ApiapioseDha３ＧdeoxyＧDＧlyxoＧ２ＧheptulosaricacidFerAferulicacidFrufructoseFucfucoseGalgalactoseGalAgalacturonicacidGluglucoseGluAglucuronicacidKdo３ＧdeoxyＧDＧmannoＧ２ＧoctulosonicacidManmannoseManAmannuronicacidRha

rhamnoseXylxylose

２１　TheincreaseofchewingandsalivasecretionBecausefoodsinmouthmustbemasticatedandmixedwithacertainamountofwaterinordertobe

conducivetoswallowingpoorwatersolubilityandhardtextureofsomekindsofhydrocolloidsusuallyfacilitatetheincreaseofchewingandsalivasecretion [１０１１]whichelicitssatietysignaltherebyinhibitingappetite[１２mdash１５]Asaresulttheintakeoffoodthatarerichinhydrocolloidsreducesfeeding

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rateandcalorieintaketherebyeasingthecontrolofbody weightandloweringthepossibilitiesofmetabolicillnesscausedbyoverＧconsumptionofcaloriesorfood[１６mdash２０]２２　Thepromotionofgastricdistentionanddelayofgastricemptying

Theincreasedchewingtimeanddegreepromotegastricdistentionduetotheadditionalproductionofsalivaandgastricacid[２１mdash２３]MeanwhilesomesolubledietaryfibersholdalargeamountofwaterintheirnetworktoformgelsresultinginthedistentionofstomachStomachdistensiontriggerstheafferentvagalsignalsoffullnesswhichisclassifiedintosatietyduringmealsandpostmealsatiation[２１２４２５]Russelletal[２６]foundthatpsylliumandguargum werecapableofdelayingthegastricemptyingofliquidsandsolidspresumablyowingtoanincreaseinthemealviscosityAlpstenetal[２７]reportedthatthegastricemptyingrateofthemealcontainingsodiumalginateissignificantlyslowerthanthatofthefiberＧfreemeal２３　Regulationofnutrientabsorption

ThemixtureofhydrocolloidswithliquidsinGItractisgraduallyhydratedandtheviscosityincreasesAsaconsequencegelformsInturntheformationofgeldelaysgastricemptyingandinterfereswiththediffusiontransportationand absorption offatand carbohydratesfrom food matrix [２８２９]Consequentlybloodsugarlevelsarelessfluctuatedaftertheintakeoffood[３０３１]Previousstudiesalsoreportedthattheregulationofpostprandialglycemicandinsulinemicresponsewasrelatedtotheratereductionofhungerreturnandsubsequentenergyintake [３２mdash３４]Furthermorethecomparisonofglycaemialevelsbetweenamealrichinhydrocolloidsandthecontrolmealrevealedapotentiallinkbetweenglycemicresponseandsubsequentfoodingestion[３５３６]２４　Enhancementofsatiety

Satietyisgenerallydefinedasthesatisfiedfeelingsofappetiteintheeatingprogressandeventuallyresultsinthecessationofeating[３７]TheprocessofsatietyisdividedintofourstagesincludingsensorycognitivepreＧabsorptiveandpostＧdigestivestagerespectively [３８]MealＧinducedsignalsofsatietyaregeneratedfrombothpreＧandpostＧabsorptivestagesHoweverpreＧabsorptivesatietyＧrelatedmechanismsespeciallythoseatthephaseofsmallintestineareessentialfortheinductionandmaintenanceofsatiety[３９]ProlongingthemaintenanceandadsorptionoffoodornutrientintheintestinalphaseenhancesthesatietyandaidsinthecontroloffoodintakeFriedmanetal[４０]proposedanenergyregulationmodeltopostulatethattheavailabilityofcirculatingnutrientsubstratesgeneratedthesignalofhungerorsatietyThushydrocolloidsarecapableofextendingthecirculatingperiodtoreducehungerorincreasesatietySomestudiesclaimedthatsatietyisenhancedwiththeincreaseofviscosityofhydrocolloidsinGItract[４１４２]MoreoversatietyiseasiertoachievebyadoptinghydrocolloidscapableofformingsolidＧlikegelsthanbythoseincapableofforminggelafterhydration [４３４４]Furthermoretheachievementofsatietyisdependentonthetypesandamountsoftheconsumptionofhydrocolloids[４５mdash４７]

３　Impactsonthesecretionofgastrointestinalhormones

SatietyderivesfromtheregulationofavarietyofgastrointestinalhormonesWhilethestrengthandtimingofthereleaseofpostprandialhormoneareinfluencedbythedistributionofmacronutrientsandthecompositionofthewholemealManyhormonesandpeptidesreleasedfromcellsintheGItractmightinfluencethesatiety (egoxyntomodulinpancreaticpolypeptideglucoseＧdependentinsulinotropicpolypeptideleptinadiponectinenterostatinglucagoninsulinamylin)HerethisstudyisaimedtoillustratetheimpactsofhydrocolloidsonthesecretionofsuchhormonesaspeptideYYglucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１cholecystokininandghrelinandtorevealtheirrelationtotheregulationofsatiety３１　PeptideYY(PYY)

PYYisa３６ＧaminoＧacidpolypeptidesynthesizedandsecretedfromLＧcellsofterminalileum [４８]PYYinhibitsappetitebyreducingtheexpressionofneuropeptideY (anorexigenicpeptide)[４９]PYYalsoactivatestheldquoilealbrakerdquowhichslowsgastricemptyingandnutrientabsorptionresultinginextensionofsatietyIntravenousinfusionofPYYsignificantlyincreasessatietyandreducescalorieintake[５０mdash５２]

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whichmayserveasanalternativeantiＧobesitytherapeuticagentPaolaVitaglioneetal[５３]reportedthatbarleyβＧglucanscouldbeusedtocontrolappetitesintheshorttermbymodulatingsensationsandreducingenergyintakeJuvonenetal[５４]arguedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedpostprandialplasmaglucoseandseruminsulinresponsesbutitdidnotsignificantlyinfluencetheGIPYYresponsesorappetiteratingsAccordingtoarandomizeddoubleＧblindplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudy [５５]theblended mealofglucomannansodiumalginateandxanthansloweddownthedecreasinglevelofPYY３２　GlucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１(GLPＧ１)

GLPＧ１isreleasedprimarilyfrom LＧcellsofdistalsmallintestineItwillbeactivatedbyNＧterminaltruncationtoGLPＧ１７Ｇ３６ [５６]IntheGItractGLPＧ１inhibitsthesecretionofgastricandpancreaticexocrineslowsthegastricemptyingtoenhancethesatiety[５７mdash５９]Becketal[６０]testedtheeffectofoatβＧglucanonweightlossandhormonesassociatedwithappetiteregulationTheresultsoftheirstudyshowedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedthelevelofTC (totalcholesterol)LDL (lowdensitylipoprotein)HDL(highdensitylipoprotein)leptinPYYand GLPＧ１valuesbutincreasedthelevelofCCKKarhunenetal[６１]reportedthateffectsofdietaryfiberandorproteinenrichmentonsatietyＧrelatedmetabolicand hormonalresponsesResultsshowedthatthepostprandial GLPＧ１concentration wassignificantlysuppressedafterafiberＧandproteinＧrichmealwhilepostprandialrateofappetiteshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenvariousgroupswithtestmeals３３　Cholecystokinin(CCK)

CCKismainlyreleasedfromIＧcellsintheduodenumandproximaljejunumbutsomeCCKisproducedbyneuronsintheGItractandotherinthenervoussystem [６２６３]CCKＧinducedsatiationseemstobemediatedneuronallyviaactivationofvagalafferentsinthestomachandduodenum [６４]InfusionofCCKintohumanbodyresultedinthereductionofthefoodintakeandtheextensionofthedurationofenergyintakesuppressionby２２５ onaverage[６５]Burtonfreemanetal[６６]investigatedthesatietyandglycemicresponsetothemealsofhighglycemicindex(HGI)andoflowglycemicindex(LGI)withhighcontentofdietaryfiberupto４６６ginoverweightwomenrespectivelyTheirstudyindicatedthatplasmaCCKissignificantlyelevatedafterHGImealThestudybyRCReynoldsetal[６７]revealedanotheraspectofthechangeinCCKconcentrationTheirfindingwasthatCCKconcentrationduringthefirst７hafterLGIdietis５９ higherthanthatofHGIdietinthecorrespondingdurationbutthediscrepancyisdiminished１０hafterfoodintake３４　Ghrelin

Ghrelinisa２８ＧaminoＧacidpeptidehormoneoriginatedfromthestomach [６８]Onlyafterghrelinisacylatedcanitbindtothereceptortorevealitsbiologicalactivityatmolecularlevel[６９]Plasmalevelsofghrelinincreaseconsiderablypriortoamealsuggestingthatghrelinmaybeamealinitiatingfactor[７０]GhrelinalsocorrelateswithlongＧtermweightregulationasitincreaseswiththeweightlossanddecreaseswithweightgain[７１]Stpierreetal[７２]foundthatthelevelofacylatedghrelincorrelatespositivelywiththeintakeofthetotalofenergythereforetheintakeofdietaryfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantmodulatorofghrelinlevelThestudyby Gruendeletal[７３]indicatedthattheconsumptionofpolyphenolＧrichinsolubledietaryfiberresultedinthedecreaseofpostprandialacylatedghrelinresponsesindicatingthatdietaryfibermightresultinlessenergyintakeandthelossofbodyweight

４　Effectofhydrocolloidsonintestinalmicroflora

Onefunctionoffoodhydrocolloidistoregulategutmicrobiotainhumans[７４mdash８１]Howevermicrobialpopulationsaredeterminedby manyfactorssuchastheimmunesystem [８２]pH valueofthegutenvironment[８３]hostgeneticscharacteristics[８４]gender[８５８６]age[８７]anddiet[８８]Dietaryfiberisthemainsourceofenergyforthecolonmicrobiotatomaintainorimprovefloradistribution[８９mdash９１]Theimpactofdietaryfibersongutmicrobialfloraisbrieflysummarizedasfollows４１　Resistantstarch(RS)

RSisstarchthatdoesnotreleaseglucosewithinthesmallintestinebutitcanbeconsumedorfermented

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bygutmicrobiotaRSisdividedinto(１)RS１physicallyinaccessiblestarch(２)RS２granularstarchthatistightlypacked(３)RS３thatiscookedandreassociatedorretrogradedstarchand(４)RS４thatischemicallyorenzymaticallymodifiedstarch[９２]DifferentRStypesshowdifferenteffectsonresidentialbacteriainthegutForexampleWhentheintakeofRS２andRS４wasexaminedonlytheintakeofRS４wasobservedtoleadtotheincreasedpopulationofActinobacteriaandBacteroidetesandadecreasedpopulationofFirmicutesatthephylalevelAtthespecieslevelRS４promotestheproliferationofBifidobacteriumadolescentis andParabacteroidesdistasoniswhiletheintakeofRS２promotestheincreasesofthenumberofRuminococcusbromiiandEubacteriumrectale [７８]TheconsumptionofRS３experimentedwithpigswasfoundtohaveincreasedtherelativeabundanceofFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiandtohavedecreasedthepercentageofEscherichiacoliandPseudomonasspp[９３]４２　Pectin

PectinismainlyoriginatedfromtheprimarycellwallandmiddlelamellaofdicotyledonousplantsPectinfromdifferentoriginshasdifferentchemicalstructuresincludingmethylationdegreewhichmayfurtherregulatemicrobiotainthegutBacteroidesthetaiotaomicronandFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiaretwomajormicrobiotasintheguttofermentpectinOneinＧvitrostudyillustratedthattheutilizationofapplepectinbyBthetaiotaomicronwaslimitedtorelativelylowpHwhileFprausnitziiperformedwellatthenormalcolonpH [９４]ThestudybyDongowskietalfoundthatanincreasedabundanceofBacteroidessppwasobservedinthecolonofratsfedwithadietcontaining６５ofcitruspectinfor３weeks[９５]WhiletheincreasednumberofAnaeroplasmaAnaerostipesandRoseburiawasobservedinthefecesofratsfedwithadietcontaining７ofapplepectinfor４weeks[９６]４３　Celluloseandhemicellulose

Normallycelluloseisnotfullyfermentedinthehumangut[９７]CelluloseＧdegradingspeciesisolatedfromhumanfeceswerereportedtobeClostridiumsppEubacteriumsppRuminococcusspp[９８mdash１００]andBacteroidesspp[１０１]AlthoughcelluloseＧdegradingmicroorganismsexistinthegutofeveryindividualtheirstructuresvarylargelywiththemethanelevelofthesubjects[１０２]AnotherinＧvitrostudyofthe metabolism ofhydratedandcrystallizedcelluloseby microbiotaindicatedthathydratedcellulosewasthesubstrateofallthefecalinoculabutonlyoneofinoculadegradedcrystallinecellulose[１００]RecentlytherehasbeenincreasinginterestinusingarabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidesandβＧglucansasprebioticstostimulatethegrowthofBifidobacteriainthehumancolonWhenitsaveragelevelofpolymerizationreaches２９ArabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidespromotestheincreasednumberofBifidobacteriaintheascendingcolonLactobacilliinbothascendingandtransversecolonsandClostridiumcoccidiasmdashEubacteriumrectalegroupsinthedescendingcolon[１０３]４４　Inulin

TheeffectofinulinongutmicrobialcompositionhasbeenextensivelystudiedbyusinginＧvitro models[１０４mdash１０６]andinＧvivomodelsofanimals[１０７mdash１０９]andonhumans[１１０１１１]ThelengthofinulinmolecularchainhaseffectontheutilizationandthedegradationofshortＧchaininulinisfasterthanthatoflongＧchaininulin [１１２]InulinconsumptionresultsinanincreasedpopulationofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriasuchasEubacteriumrectaleRoseburiaintestinalisandAnaerostipescaccae [１１３mdash１１５]FivekindsofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriainhumanfecalsampleswereexaminedbymeansofthecoＧcultureofinulintodiscovertheircapacityofutilizinginulinTheresultssuggestedthatErectalewastheprimarydegraderofinulininthecolonwhereaswhatRintestinalisandAcaccaemetabolizedwasmerelythosesmallfragmentsofinulin[１０７]

５　Conclusions

NutritioneffectsofhydrocolloidsonthebasisoftheirphysicochemicalpropertiesdrawincreasingconcerninthefieldoffoodresearchOnthehandremarkableprogresshasbeenmaderegardingtotheinfluenceoffoodcolloidsontheabsorptionofnutrientsinthesmallintestineandtheregulationofmicroflorainthegutOntheotherhandfewstudieshaveinvolvedthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloids

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basedoncolloidpropertiesandamongtheselimitednumberofstudiesmostarequalitativeonesQuantitativestudiesofthecolloidＧpropertiesＧrelatednutritionalvalueconcerningrheologicalandtexturecharacteristicswillbesignificantfortheinsightintotherelationshipbetweencolloidphysicalpropertiesandnutriologywhichwillbecomeanewtopictobeexploredinthecomingyears

Acknowledgements

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo３１７７２０１５)

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[１３]HetheringtonMMReganMFEffectsofchewinggumonshortＧtermappetiteregulationinmoderatelyrestrainedeatersAppetite２０１１

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[１４]SwobodaCTempleJLAcuteandchroniceffectsofgumchewingonfoodreinforcementandenergyintakeEatingBehaviors２０１３１４

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[１５]ZhuYHsu WHHollisJHIncreasingthenumberofmasticatorycyclesisassociatedwithreducedappetiteandalteredpostprandial

plasmaconcentrationsofguthormonesinsulinandglucoseBritishJournalofNutrition２０１３１１０(２)３８４mdash３９０

[１６]JensenLMMarkussenBNielsenNIetalDescriptionandevaluationofanetenergyintakemodelasafunctionofdietarychewing

indexJournalofDairyScience２０１６９９(１１)８６９９mdash８７１５

[１７]KeenanMJZhouJMccutcheonKLetalEffectsofresistantstarchanonＧdigestiblefermentablefiberonreducingbodyfatObesity

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[１８]HiggsSJonesAProlongedchewingatlunchdecreaseslatersnackintakeAppetite２０１３６２(２)９１mdash９３

[１９]LiJZhangNHuLetalImprovementinchewingactivityreducesenergyintakeinonemealandmodulatesplasmaguthormone

concentrationsinobeseandleanyoungChinesemenAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition２０１１９４(３)７０９mdash７１６

[２０]ZhuYHollisJHIncreasingthenumberofchewsbeforeswallowingreducesmealsizeinnormalＧweightoverweightandobeseadults

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[２１]AliRStaubHLeveilleGAetalDietaryfiberandobesityNutritionamptheMD１９８５１０(１０)１３９mdash１４９

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５０　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[２２]CassadyBAHollisJHFulfordADetalMasticationofalmondsEffectsoflipidbioaccessibilityappetiteandhormoneresponse

AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００９８９(３)７９４mdash７９８

[２３]RollsBJCarbohydratesfatsandsatietyAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition１９９５６１(４Suppl)９６０Smdash９６７S

[２４]VahounyGVKritchevskyDDietaryfiberinhealthanddiseaseGastroenterology１９９８１１５(３)７９４mdash７９９

[２５]SaltzmanERobertsSBSolublefiberandenergyregulationSpringerUS１９９７４２７(１)８９mdash９７

[２６]VetraniCCostabileGLuongoDetalEffectsofwholeＧgraincerealfoodsonplasmashortchainfattyacidconcentrationsinindividuals

withthemetabolicsyndromeNutrition２０１６３２(２)２１７mdash２２１

[２７]TorsdottirIAlpsten MHolm GetalAsmalldoseofsolublealginateＧfiberaffectspostprandialglycemiaandgastricemptyingin

humanswithdiabetesJournalofNutrition１９９１１２１(６)７９５mdash７９９

[２８]WandersAJJonathanMCJVanetalTheeffectsofbulkingviscousandgelＧformingdietaryfibresonsatiationBritishJournalof

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[２９]VahounyGVSatchithanandamSChenIetalDietaryfiberandintestinaladaptationeffectsonlipidabsorptionandlymphatic

transportintheratAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition１９８８４７(２)２０１mdash２０５

[３０]ThompsonSVHannonBAAnRetalEffectsofisolatedsolublefibersupplementationonbodyweightglycemiaandinsulinemiain

adultswithoverweightandobesityAsystematicreviewandmetaＧanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsAmericanJournalofClinical

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[３１]JenkinsDJJenkinsALVuksanVetalDietaryfiberandtheglycemicresponseProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiology

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[３２]JenkinsDJJenkinsALVuksanVetalLentecarbohydrateorslowlyabsorbedstarchSpringerUS１９９０２４７mdash２５９

[３３]BraatenJTScottFWWoodPJetalHighβＧglucanoatbranandoatgumreducepostprandialbloodglucoseandinsulininsubjectswith

andwithouttype２diabetesDiabeticMedicineAJournaloftheBritishDiabeticAssociation１９９４１１(３)３１２mdash３１８

[３４]RobertsSBHighＧglycemicindexfoodshungerandobesityisthereaconnection NutritionReviews２０００５８(６)１６３mdash１６９

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[３６]JohnsonITTheInfluenceofDietaryFibreonLipidDigestionandAbsorptionLondonSpringer１９９２１６７mdash１８０

[３７]Burtofreeman BRobertsSBHeyman MBetalDietaryfiberandenergyregulationJournalofNutrition２０００１３０(２S)

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[３９]MackieABajkaBRigbyNRolesfordietaryfibreintheupperGItractTheimportanceofviscosityFoodResearchInternational

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[４０]Friedman MIControlofenergyintakebyenergy metabolismAmericanJournalofClinical Nutrition１９９５６２(５ Suppl)

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[４５]KeoghJBLauCWHNoakesMetalEffectsofmealswithhighsolublefibrehighamylosebarleyvariantonglucoseinsulinsatiety

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[４６]HessJRBirkettAMThomasWetalEffectsofshortＧchainfructooligosaccharidesonsatietyresponsesinhealthymenandwomen

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[４７]MattesRDEffectsofacombinationfibersystemonappetiteandenergyintakeinoverweighthumansPhysiologyampBehavior２００７９０

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[４８]BatterhamRLFfytcheDHRosenthalJMetalPYYmodulationofcorticalandhypothalamicbrainareaspredictsfeedingbehaviourin

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humansNature２００７４５０(７１６６)１０６mdash１０９

[４９]AbbottCRMonteiroMSmallCJetalTheinhibitoryeffectsofperipheraladministrationofpeptideYY(３mdash３６)andglucagonＧlike

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[５０]BatterhamRLCowleyMASmallCJetalGuthormonePYY(３mdash３６)physiologicallyinhibitsfoodintakeNature２００２４１８(６８９８)

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[５１]HicksonMMossCDhilloWSetalIncreasedpeptideyybloodconcentrationsnotdecreasedacylＧghrelinareassociatedwithreduced

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[５５]Reimer RAPelletier XCarabinIGetalIncreasedplasma PYYlevelsfollowingsupplementation withthefunctionalfiber

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[６０]BeckEJTapsellLCBatterham MJetalOatbetaＧglucansupplementationdoesnotenhancetheeffectivenessofanenergyＧrestricted

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[６７]ReynoldsRCFSStockmannKSAtkinsonFSEffectoftheglycemicindexofcarbohydratesondayＧlong (１０h)profilesofplasma

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[６８]DateYGhrelinisagrowthＧhormoneＧreleasingacylatedpeptidefromstomachNature１９９９４０２(６７６２)６５６mdash６６０

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５２　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[７２]Stpierre DHetalFiberintakepredictsghrelinlevelsinoverweightandobesepostmenopausalwomenEuropeanJournalof

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[７４]Gibson GRBeatty ERWang XetalSelectivestimulationofbifidobacteriainthehumancolonbyoligofructoseandinulin

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[７５]TeradaAHaraHMitsuokaTEffectofdietaryalginateonthefaecalmicrobiotaandfaecalmetabolicactivityinhumansMicrobial

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[８２]HooperLVDanRLMacphersonAJInteractionsbetweenthemicrobiotaandtheimmunesystemScience２０１２３３６(６０８６)１２６８mdash

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[８３]DuncanSHLouisPThomsonJMetalTheroleofpHindeterminingthespeciescompositionofthehumancolonicmicrobiota

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[８４]TurnbaughPJHamadyMYatsunenkoTetalAcoregutmicrobiomeinobeseandleantwinsNature２００９４５７(７２２８)４８０mdash４８４

[８５]YatsunenkoTReyFEManaryMJetalHumangutmicrobiomeviewedacrossageandgeographyNature２０１２４８６(７４０２)２２２mdash

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[８６]MuellerSSaunierKHanischCetalDifferencesinfecalmicrobiotaindifferenteuropeanstudypopulationsinrelationtoagegender

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[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

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[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

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[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

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[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

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[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

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[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

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[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

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[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

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[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

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[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

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[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

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[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

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[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

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[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

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[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

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[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

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[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

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５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

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healthcomparedwithothermeans [９]ThisminiＧreviewisaimedtorevealthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsandtheunderlying mechanismsfrom theperspectiveofphysicochemicalpropertiesbyelaboratingtheeffectsofhydrocolloidsonintestinalfunctionsviatheregulationofsatietyandfoodintake

２　Nutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsingastricintestine(GI)tract

HydrocolloidsareabundantinfruitsvegetablesgrainproductsnutsandotherplantsTheyhaveuniquestructuralfeaturesinthemolecularweightsthecompositionofmonosaccharaidesthelinkagetypesofmainchainsandbranchchainsThemolecularstructureofhydrocolloidsdeterminestheirphysicalpropertiesinwatersolubilityviscousperformanceandsoforthwhichaffectthedigestionalongthedigestivetracttherebyexertingitsspecialnutritionalfunctionBasicchemicalandphysicalpropertiesoffrequentlyutilizedhydrocolloidsaresummarizedinTable１AndtheevidenceＧbasednutritionalvalueofhydrocolloidsisreviewedinthefollowingtexts

Table１　Basicphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofsomecommonlyuseddietaryfibers１)

Category Fermentability Dietaryfiber Mainsource Solubility Chemicalstructures Degradationenzymes Ref

Glucan Slowlydegraded

RS Seedcereal andcooledstarchyfood

Insoluble Linear αＧ(１４) Gluunitsbranched withαＧ(１６)Glu

αＧAmylaseglucoamylaseisoamylasepullulanase

[９２]

Cellulose AllplantcellwallsInsoluble LinearβＧ(１４)Gluunits endoglucanasecellobiohydrolases

βＧglucosidases

[１１６]

Pectins Rapidlydegraded

HomogalactuＧronan

Fruitsvegetableslegumes sugarbeetpotatoes

Soluble Linear αＧ(１４) GalAunitspartiallymethylatedandacetylated

Polygalacturonasepectinesterase

[１１７１１８]

RhamnoＧGalacturonanI

Soluble LinearαＧ(１４)GalAandαＧ(１２)Rhaunits

RGlyaseRGhydrolaseRGacetylesterase

[１１７１１９mdash１２１]

RhamnoＧgalacturonanII

Soluble LinearαＧ(１４)GalAunits branched withApiAraAceADhaFucGalGluAKdoRhaXyl

Notknown [１１７１２１]

Pecticgalactan

Soluble ComposedofβＧ(１４)GalβＧ(１６)GalαＧ(１４)Araunits

βＧ(１４)Galactanase

βＧ(１６)galactanaseαＧarabinosidase

[１１７１２２]

Arabinogalactan Soluble ComposedofβＧ(１３)GalβＧ(１６)GalαＧ(１５)Araand(１３)

βＧ(１３)Galactanase

βＧ(１６)galactanaseαＧ(１５)arabinanase

[１１７１２２]

Arabinan Soluble ComposedofαＧ(１５)(１３)and αＧ(１２)Araunits

αＧ(１５)ArabinanaseαＧLＧarabinofuranosidase

[１１７１１８]

HemiＧcelluloses

Degradedmore quicklythancellulose

Arabinoxylan Matrix of plantcell wallsespeciallycerealgrains

Alkalisoluble

βＧ(１４)Xylunitsasthebackbonewithsidechains of Ara unitslinkedviaαＧ(１２)αＧ(１３)andαＧ(１５)GalGluAand FerAunitsmayalsobepresentinthebranchedpoints

xylanaseαＧglucuronidaseαＧLＧarabinofuranosidase

βＧxylosidaseferuloylesteraseacetylxylanesterase

[１２３１２４]

(Tobecontinuedonthenextpage)

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４５　　　

(Continued)

Category Fermentability Dietaryfiber Mainsource Solubility Chemicalstructures Degradationenzymes Ref

Xyloglucan AlkaliSoluble

βＧ(１４)Glu unitsasthe backbone withsingleunitsidechainsofαＧ(１６)XylGalandFucmayalsopresentinthebranchedpoint

Xyloglucanasexylosidase

βＧDＧgluconase

βＧDＧgalactosidase

[１１６１２５]

Glucomannan Soluble LinearorslightlybranchedbackbonechainofβＧ(１４)ManandβＧ(１４)Glu

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１２５mdash１２７]

Galactomannan Soluble LinearorslightlybranchedbackbonechainofβＧ(１４)ManandβＧ(１４)GluwithsidechainsofαＧ(１６)Gal

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１２５]

βＧGlucan Soluble Repeatinglinearpolymeroftwo βＧ(１４) Glualternated withβＧ(１３)Gluunits

Licheninase

βＧglucanendohydrolaseendo(１４)βＧglucanase

[１２８]

PolyＧfructans Rapidlydegraded

Inulin Chicoryroot HeatedSoluble

βＧ(２１)Fru Inulinase

βＧ(２１)fructanlyase[１２９]

Levan βＧ(２６)Fru Levanase

βＧfructofuronosidase[１３０]

Gums Rapidlydegraded

Carrageenan alga Heatedsoluble

Sulfated galactansunitsofβＧ(１３)GalandαＧ(１４)linked３６anhydroGal

κＧCarrageenase [１３１]

Alginate Brownalga Saltsoluble LinearβＧ(１４)ManAandαＧ(１４)GluA

Alginatelyase [１３２]

Xanthangum Xanthomonascampestris

Diffluent βＧ(１４)Glu unitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsof ManGluAandManAlinkedviaβＧ(１４)βＧ(１２)andβＧ(１６)

Xanthanlyase

βＧGlucanase

βＧGlucosidaseαＧMannosidase

[ １３３１３４]

Guargum Guarbeans Diffluent βＧ(１４)ManunitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsαＧ(１６)ofGal(ManGal＝１５６∶１)

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidaseUnsaturatedglucuronylhydrolase

[１３５１３６]

Locustbeangum

Locustbean Heatedsoluble

βＧ(１４)ManunitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsαＧ(１６)ofGal(ManGal＝３５∶１)

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１３７１３８]

　１)AbbreviationsRSresistantstarchRGIrhamnogalacturonanIRGIIrhamnogalacturonanIIAceAacericacidAraarabinose

ApiapioseDha３ＧdeoxyＧDＧlyxoＧ２ＧheptulosaricacidFerAferulicacidFrufructoseFucfucoseGalgalactoseGalAgalacturonicacidGluglucoseGluAglucuronicacidKdo３ＧdeoxyＧDＧmannoＧ２ＧoctulosonicacidManmannoseManAmannuronicacidRha

rhamnoseXylxylose

２１　TheincreaseofchewingandsalivasecretionBecausefoodsinmouthmustbemasticatedandmixedwithacertainamountofwaterinordertobe

conducivetoswallowingpoorwatersolubilityandhardtextureofsomekindsofhydrocolloidsusuallyfacilitatetheincreaseofchewingandsalivasecretion [１０１１]whichelicitssatietysignaltherebyinhibitingappetite[１２mdash１５]Asaresulttheintakeoffoodthatarerichinhydrocolloidsreducesfeeding

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rateandcalorieintaketherebyeasingthecontrolofbody weightandloweringthepossibilitiesofmetabolicillnesscausedbyoverＧconsumptionofcaloriesorfood[１６mdash２０]２２　Thepromotionofgastricdistentionanddelayofgastricemptying

Theincreasedchewingtimeanddegreepromotegastricdistentionduetotheadditionalproductionofsalivaandgastricacid[２１mdash２３]MeanwhilesomesolubledietaryfibersholdalargeamountofwaterintheirnetworktoformgelsresultinginthedistentionofstomachStomachdistensiontriggerstheafferentvagalsignalsoffullnesswhichisclassifiedintosatietyduringmealsandpostmealsatiation[２１２４２５]Russelletal[２６]foundthatpsylliumandguargum werecapableofdelayingthegastricemptyingofliquidsandsolidspresumablyowingtoanincreaseinthemealviscosityAlpstenetal[２７]reportedthatthegastricemptyingrateofthemealcontainingsodiumalginateissignificantlyslowerthanthatofthefiberＧfreemeal２３　Regulationofnutrientabsorption

ThemixtureofhydrocolloidswithliquidsinGItractisgraduallyhydratedandtheviscosityincreasesAsaconsequencegelformsInturntheformationofgeldelaysgastricemptyingandinterfereswiththediffusiontransportationand absorption offatand carbohydratesfrom food matrix [２８２９]Consequentlybloodsugarlevelsarelessfluctuatedaftertheintakeoffood[３０３１]Previousstudiesalsoreportedthattheregulationofpostprandialglycemicandinsulinemicresponsewasrelatedtotheratereductionofhungerreturnandsubsequentenergyintake [３２mdash３４]Furthermorethecomparisonofglycaemialevelsbetweenamealrichinhydrocolloidsandthecontrolmealrevealedapotentiallinkbetweenglycemicresponseandsubsequentfoodingestion[３５３６]２４　Enhancementofsatiety

Satietyisgenerallydefinedasthesatisfiedfeelingsofappetiteintheeatingprogressandeventuallyresultsinthecessationofeating[３７]TheprocessofsatietyisdividedintofourstagesincludingsensorycognitivepreＧabsorptiveandpostＧdigestivestagerespectively [３８]MealＧinducedsignalsofsatietyaregeneratedfrombothpreＧandpostＧabsorptivestagesHoweverpreＧabsorptivesatietyＧrelatedmechanismsespeciallythoseatthephaseofsmallintestineareessentialfortheinductionandmaintenanceofsatiety[３９]ProlongingthemaintenanceandadsorptionoffoodornutrientintheintestinalphaseenhancesthesatietyandaidsinthecontroloffoodintakeFriedmanetal[４０]proposedanenergyregulationmodeltopostulatethattheavailabilityofcirculatingnutrientsubstratesgeneratedthesignalofhungerorsatietyThushydrocolloidsarecapableofextendingthecirculatingperiodtoreducehungerorincreasesatietySomestudiesclaimedthatsatietyisenhancedwiththeincreaseofviscosityofhydrocolloidsinGItract[４１４２]MoreoversatietyiseasiertoachievebyadoptinghydrocolloidscapableofformingsolidＧlikegelsthanbythoseincapableofforminggelafterhydration [４３４４]Furthermoretheachievementofsatietyisdependentonthetypesandamountsoftheconsumptionofhydrocolloids[４５mdash４７]

３　Impactsonthesecretionofgastrointestinalhormones

SatietyderivesfromtheregulationofavarietyofgastrointestinalhormonesWhilethestrengthandtimingofthereleaseofpostprandialhormoneareinfluencedbythedistributionofmacronutrientsandthecompositionofthewholemealManyhormonesandpeptidesreleasedfromcellsintheGItractmightinfluencethesatiety (egoxyntomodulinpancreaticpolypeptideglucoseＧdependentinsulinotropicpolypeptideleptinadiponectinenterostatinglucagoninsulinamylin)HerethisstudyisaimedtoillustratetheimpactsofhydrocolloidsonthesecretionofsuchhormonesaspeptideYYglucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１cholecystokininandghrelinandtorevealtheirrelationtotheregulationofsatiety３１　PeptideYY(PYY)

PYYisa３６ＧaminoＧacidpolypeptidesynthesizedandsecretedfromLＧcellsofterminalileum [４８]PYYinhibitsappetitebyreducingtheexpressionofneuropeptideY (anorexigenicpeptide)[４９]PYYalsoactivatestheldquoilealbrakerdquowhichslowsgastricemptyingandnutrientabsorptionresultinginextensionofsatietyIntravenousinfusionofPYYsignificantlyincreasessatietyandreducescalorieintake[５０mdash５２]

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４７　　　

whichmayserveasanalternativeantiＧobesitytherapeuticagentPaolaVitaglioneetal[５３]reportedthatbarleyβＧglucanscouldbeusedtocontrolappetitesintheshorttermbymodulatingsensationsandreducingenergyintakeJuvonenetal[５４]arguedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedpostprandialplasmaglucoseandseruminsulinresponsesbutitdidnotsignificantlyinfluencetheGIPYYresponsesorappetiteratingsAccordingtoarandomizeddoubleＧblindplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudy [５５]theblended mealofglucomannansodiumalginateandxanthansloweddownthedecreasinglevelofPYY３２　GlucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１(GLPＧ１)

GLPＧ１isreleasedprimarilyfrom LＧcellsofdistalsmallintestineItwillbeactivatedbyNＧterminaltruncationtoGLPＧ１７Ｇ３６ [５６]IntheGItractGLPＧ１inhibitsthesecretionofgastricandpancreaticexocrineslowsthegastricemptyingtoenhancethesatiety[５７mdash５９]Becketal[６０]testedtheeffectofoatβＧglucanonweightlossandhormonesassociatedwithappetiteregulationTheresultsoftheirstudyshowedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedthelevelofTC (totalcholesterol)LDL (lowdensitylipoprotein)HDL(highdensitylipoprotein)leptinPYYand GLPＧ１valuesbutincreasedthelevelofCCKKarhunenetal[６１]reportedthateffectsofdietaryfiberandorproteinenrichmentonsatietyＧrelatedmetabolicand hormonalresponsesResultsshowedthatthepostprandial GLPＧ１concentration wassignificantlysuppressedafterafiberＧandproteinＧrichmealwhilepostprandialrateofappetiteshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenvariousgroupswithtestmeals３３　Cholecystokinin(CCK)

CCKismainlyreleasedfromIＧcellsintheduodenumandproximaljejunumbutsomeCCKisproducedbyneuronsintheGItractandotherinthenervoussystem [６２６３]CCKＧinducedsatiationseemstobemediatedneuronallyviaactivationofvagalafferentsinthestomachandduodenum [６４]InfusionofCCKintohumanbodyresultedinthereductionofthefoodintakeandtheextensionofthedurationofenergyintakesuppressionby２２５ onaverage[６５]Burtonfreemanetal[６６]investigatedthesatietyandglycemicresponsetothemealsofhighglycemicindex(HGI)andoflowglycemicindex(LGI)withhighcontentofdietaryfiberupto４６６ginoverweightwomenrespectivelyTheirstudyindicatedthatplasmaCCKissignificantlyelevatedafterHGImealThestudybyRCReynoldsetal[６７]revealedanotheraspectofthechangeinCCKconcentrationTheirfindingwasthatCCKconcentrationduringthefirst７hafterLGIdietis５９ higherthanthatofHGIdietinthecorrespondingdurationbutthediscrepancyisdiminished１０hafterfoodintake３４　Ghrelin

Ghrelinisa２８ＧaminoＧacidpeptidehormoneoriginatedfromthestomach [６８]Onlyafterghrelinisacylatedcanitbindtothereceptortorevealitsbiologicalactivityatmolecularlevel[６９]Plasmalevelsofghrelinincreaseconsiderablypriortoamealsuggestingthatghrelinmaybeamealinitiatingfactor[７０]GhrelinalsocorrelateswithlongＧtermweightregulationasitincreaseswiththeweightlossanddecreaseswithweightgain[７１]Stpierreetal[７２]foundthatthelevelofacylatedghrelincorrelatespositivelywiththeintakeofthetotalofenergythereforetheintakeofdietaryfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantmodulatorofghrelinlevelThestudyby Gruendeletal[７３]indicatedthattheconsumptionofpolyphenolＧrichinsolubledietaryfiberresultedinthedecreaseofpostprandialacylatedghrelinresponsesindicatingthatdietaryfibermightresultinlessenergyintakeandthelossofbodyweight

４　Effectofhydrocolloidsonintestinalmicroflora

Onefunctionoffoodhydrocolloidistoregulategutmicrobiotainhumans[７４mdash８１]Howevermicrobialpopulationsaredeterminedby manyfactorssuchastheimmunesystem [８２]pH valueofthegutenvironment[８３]hostgeneticscharacteristics[８４]gender[８５８６]age[８７]anddiet[８８]Dietaryfiberisthemainsourceofenergyforthecolonmicrobiotatomaintainorimprovefloradistribution[８９mdash９１]Theimpactofdietaryfibersongutmicrobialfloraisbrieflysummarizedasfollows４１　Resistantstarch(RS)

RSisstarchthatdoesnotreleaseglucosewithinthesmallintestinebutitcanbeconsumedorfermented

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４８　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

bygutmicrobiotaRSisdividedinto(１)RS１physicallyinaccessiblestarch(２)RS２granularstarchthatistightlypacked(３)RS３thatiscookedandreassociatedorretrogradedstarchand(４)RS４thatischemicallyorenzymaticallymodifiedstarch[９２]DifferentRStypesshowdifferenteffectsonresidentialbacteriainthegutForexampleWhentheintakeofRS２andRS４wasexaminedonlytheintakeofRS４wasobservedtoleadtotheincreasedpopulationofActinobacteriaandBacteroidetesandadecreasedpopulationofFirmicutesatthephylalevelAtthespecieslevelRS４promotestheproliferationofBifidobacteriumadolescentis andParabacteroidesdistasoniswhiletheintakeofRS２promotestheincreasesofthenumberofRuminococcusbromiiandEubacteriumrectale [７８]TheconsumptionofRS３experimentedwithpigswasfoundtohaveincreasedtherelativeabundanceofFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiandtohavedecreasedthepercentageofEscherichiacoliandPseudomonasspp[９３]４２　Pectin

PectinismainlyoriginatedfromtheprimarycellwallandmiddlelamellaofdicotyledonousplantsPectinfromdifferentoriginshasdifferentchemicalstructuresincludingmethylationdegreewhichmayfurtherregulatemicrobiotainthegutBacteroidesthetaiotaomicronandFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiaretwomajormicrobiotasintheguttofermentpectinOneinＧvitrostudyillustratedthattheutilizationofapplepectinbyBthetaiotaomicronwaslimitedtorelativelylowpHwhileFprausnitziiperformedwellatthenormalcolonpH [９４]ThestudybyDongowskietalfoundthatanincreasedabundanceofBacteroidessppwasobservedinthecolonofratsfedwithadietcontaining６５ofcitruspectinfor３weeks[９５]WhiletheincreasednumberofAnaeroplasmaAnaerostipesandRoseburiawasobservedinthefecesofratsfedwithadietcontaining７ofapplepectinfor４weeks[９６]４３　Celluloseandhemicellulose

Normallycelluloseisnotfullyfermentedinthehumangut[９７]CelluloseＧdegradingspeciesisolatedfromhumanfeceswerereportedtobeClostridiumsppEubacteriumsppRuminococcusspp[９８mdash１００]andBacteroidesspp[１０１]AlthoughcelluloseＧdegradingmicroorganismsexistinthegutofeveryindividualtheirstructuresvarylargelywiththemethanelevelofthesubjects[１０２]AnotherinＧvitrostudyofthe metabolism ofhydratedandcrystallizedcelluloseby microbiotaindicatedthathydratedcellulosewasthesubstrateofallthefecalinoculabutonlyoneofinoculadegradedcrystallinecellulose[１００]RecentlytherehasbeenincreasinginterestinusingarabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidesandβＧglucansasprebioticstostimulatethegrowthofBifidobacteriainthehumancolonWhenitsaveragelevelofpolymerizationreaches２９ArabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidespromotestheincreasednumberofBifidobacteriaintheascendingcolonLactobacilliinbothascendingandtransversecolonsandClostridiumcoccidiasmdashEubacteriumrectalegroupsinthedescendingcolon[１０３]４４　Inulin

TheeffectofinulinongutmicrobialcompositionhasbeenextensivelystudiedbyusinginＧvitro models[１０４mdash１０６]andinＧvivomodelsofanimals[１０７mdash１０９]andonhumans[１１０１１１]ThelengthofinulinmolecularchainhaseffectontheutilizationandthedegradationofshortＧchaininulinisfasterthanthatoflongＧchaininulin [１１２]InulinconsumptionresultsinanincreasedpopulationofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriasuchasEubacteriumrectaleRoseburiaintestinalisandAnaerostipescaccae [１１３mdash１１５]FivekindsofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriainhumanfecalsampleswereexaminedbymeansofthecoＧcultureofinulintodiscovertheircapacityofutilizinginulinTheresultssuggestedthatErectalewastheprimarydegraderofinulininthecolonwhereaswhatRintestinalisandAcaccaemetabolizedwasmerelythosesmallfragmentsofinulin[１０７]

５　Conclusions

NutritioneffectsofhydrocolloidsonthebasisoftheirphysicochemicalpropertiesdrawincreasingconcerninthefieldoffoodresearchOnthehandremarkableprogresshasbeenmaderegardingtotheinfluenceoffoodcolloidsontheabsorptionofnutrientsinthesmallintestineandtheregulationofmicroflorainthegutOntheotherhandfewstudieshaveinvolvedthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloids

bullReviewsbull

SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４９　　　

basedoncolloidpropertiesandamongtheselimitednumberofstudiesmostarequalitativeonesQuantitativestudiesofthecolloidＧpropertiesＧrelatednutritionalvalueconcerningrheologicalandtexturecharacteristicswillbesignificantfortheinsightintotherelationshipbetweencolloidphysicalpropertiesandnutriologywhichwillbecomeanewtopictobeexploredinthecomingyears

Acknowledgements

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo３１７７２０１５)

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[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

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[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

(１)１mdash１７

[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

geneexpressioninpigintestineJournalofNutrition２０１３１４３(３)２７４mdash２８３

[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

prausnitziicanutilizepectinuronicacidsandhostＧderivedsubstratesforgrowthAppliedampEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１２７８(２)

４２０mdash４２８

[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

JournalofNutrition２００２１３２(７)１９３５mdash１９４４

[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

Nutrition１９８１１１１(２)２８７mdash２９３

[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

(９)３４０７mdash３４２６

[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

(１)１０１mdash１１３

[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

effectsJournalofAppliedMicrobiology２００７１０２(２)４５２mdash４６０

[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

mucinＧdegradationinhumanizedratsEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１１１３(１０)２６６７mdash２６８０

[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

AnimalNutrition２００７６１(３)２０１mdash２１０

[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

JournalofNutrition１９９８８０(５)４６９mdash４７６

[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

microfloraofhealthyvolunteersmeasuredbyfishanddggeMicrobialEcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９１４(４)２１２mdash２２０

[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

３７５mdash３８０

[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

１９９８１２８(１２８)１１mdash１９

[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

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５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４５　　　

(Continued)

Category Fermentability Dietaryfiber Mainsource Solubility Chemicalstructures Degradationenzymes Ref

Xyloglucan AlkaliSoluble

βＧ(１４)Glu unitsasthe backbone withsingleunitsidechainsofαＧ(１６)XylGalandFucmayalsopresentinthebranchedpoint

Xyloglucanasexylosidase

βＧDＧgluconase

βＧDＧgalactosidase

[１１６１２５]

Glucomannan Soluble LinearorslightlybranchedbackbonechainofβＧ(１４)ManandβＧ(１４)Glu

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１２５mdash１２７]

Galactomannan Soluble LinearorslightlybranchedbackbonechainofβＧ(１４)ManandβＧ(１４)GluwithsidechainsofαＧ(１６)Gal

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１２５]

βＧGlucan Soluble Repeatinglinearpolymeroftwo βＧ(１４) Glualternated withβＧ(１３)Gluunits

Licheninase

βＧglucanendohydrolaseendo(１４)βＧglucanase

[１２８]

PolyＧfructans Rapidlydegraded

Inulin Chicoryroot HeatedSoluble

βＧ(２１)Fru Inulinase

βＧ(２１)fructanlyase[１２９]

Levan βＧ(２６)Fru Levanase

βＧfructofuronosidase[１３０]

Gums Rapidlydegraded

Carrageenan alga Heatedsoluble

Sulfated galactansunitsofβＧ(１３)GalandαＧ(１４)linked３６anhydroGal

κＧCarrageenase [１３１]

Alginate Brownalga Saltsoluble LinearβＧ(１４)ManAandαＧ(１４)GluA

Alginatelyase [１３２]

Xanthangum Xanthomonascampestris

Diffluent βＧ(１４)Glu unitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsof ManGluAandManAlinkedviaβＧ(１４)βＧ(１２)andβＧ(１６)

Xanthanlyase

βＧGlucanase

βＧGlucosidaseαＧMannosidase

[ １３３１３４]

Guargum Guarbeans Diffluent βＧ(１４)ManunitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsαＧ(１６)ofGal(ManGal＝１５６∶１)

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidaseUnsaturatedglucuronylhydrolase

[１３５１３６]

Locustbeangum

Locustbean Heatedsoluble

βＧ(１４)ManunitsasthebackbonewithsidechainsαＧ(１６)ofGal(ManGal＝３５∶１)

βＧMannanase

βＧmannosidase

βＧglucosidaseαＧgalactosidase

[１３７１３８]

　１)AbbreviationsRSresistantstarchRGIrhamnogalacturonanIRGIIrhamnogalacturonanIIAceAacericacidAraarabinose

ApiapioseDha３ＧdeoxyＧDＧlyxoＧ２ＧheptulosaricacidFerAferulicacidFrufructoseFucfucoseGalgalactoseGalAgalacturonicacidGluglucoseGluAglucuronicacidKdo３ＧdeoxyＧDＧmannoＧ２ＧoctulosonicacidManmannoseManAmannuronicacidRha

rhamnoseXylxylose

２１　TheincreaseofchewingandsalivasecretionBecausefoodsinmouthmustbemasticatedandmixedwithacertainamountofwaterinordertobe

conducivetoswallowingpoorwatersolubilityandhardtextureofsomekindsofhydrocolloidsusuallyfacilitatetheincreaseofchewingandsalivasecretion [１０１１]whichelicitssatietysignaltherebyinhibitingappetite[１２mdash１５]Asaresulttheintakeoffoodthatarerichinhydrocolloidsreducesfeeding

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４６　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

rateandcalorieintaketherebyeasingthecontrolofbody weightandloweringthepossibilitiesofmetabolicillnesscausedbyoverＧconsumptionofcaloriesorfood[１６mdash２０]２２　Thepromotionofgastricdistentionanddelayofgastricemptying

Theincreasedchewingtimeanddegreepromotegastricdistentionduetotheadditionalproductionofsalivaandgastricacid[２１mdash２３]MeanwhilesomesolubledietaryfibersholdalargeamountofwaterintheirnetworktoformgelsresultinginthedistentionofstomachStomachdistensiontriggerstheafferentvagalsignalsoffullnesswhichisclassifiedintosatietyduringmealsandpostmealsatiation[２１２４２５]Russelletal[２６]foundthatpsylliumandguargum werecapableofdelayingthegastricemptyingofliquidsandsolidspresumablyowingtoanincreaseinthemealviscosityAlpstenetal[２７]reportedthatthegastricemptyingrateofthemealcontainingsodiumalginateissignificantlyslowerthanthatofthefiberＧfreemeal２３　Regulationofnutrientabsorption

ThemixtureofhydrocolloidswithliquidsinGItractisgraduallyhydratedandtheviscosityincreasesAsaconsequencegelformsInturntheformationofgeldelaysgastricemptyingandinterfereswiththediffusiontransportationand absorption offatand carbohydratesfrom food matrix [２８２９]Consequentlybloodsugarlevelsarelessfluctuatedaftertheintakeoffood[３０３１]Previousstudiesalsoreportedthattheregulationofpostprandialglycemicandinsulinemicresponsewasrelatedtotheratereductionofhungerreturnandsubsequentenergyintake [３２mdash３４]Furthermorethecomparisonofglycaemialevelsbetweenamealrichinhydrocolloidsandthecontrolmealrevealedapotentiallinkbetweenglycemicresponseandsubsequentfoodingestion[３５３６]２４　Enhancementofsatiety

Satietyisgenerallydefinedasthesatisfiedfeelingsofappetiteintheeatingprogressandeventuallyresultsinthecessationofeating[３７]TheprocessofsatietyisdividedintofourstagesincludingsensorycognitivepreＧabsorptiveandpostＧdigestivestagerespectively [３８]MealＧinducedsignalsofsatietyaregeneratedfrombothpreＧandpostＧabsorptivestagesHoweverpreＧabsorptivesatietyＧrelatedmechanismsespeciallythoseatthephaseofsmallintestineareessentialfortheinductionandmaintenanceofsatiety[３９]ProlongingthemaintenanceandadsorptionoffoodornutrientintheintestinalphaseenhancesthesatietyandaidsinthecontroloffoodintakeFriedmanetal[４０]proposedanenergyregulationmodeltopostulatethattheavailabilityofcirculatingnutrientsubstratesgeneratedthesignalofhungerorsatietyThushydrocolloidsarecapableofextendingthecirculatingperiodtoreducehungerorincreasesatietySomestudiesclaimedthatsatietyisenhancedwiththeincreaseofviscosityofhydrocolloidsinGItract[４１４２]MoreoversatietyiseasiertoachievebyadoptinghydrocolloidscapableofformingsolidＧlikegelsthanbythoseincapableofforminggelafterhydration [４３４４]Furthermoretheachievementofsatietyisdependentonthetypesandamountsoftheconsumptionofhydrocolloids[４５mdash４７]

３　Impactsonthesecretionofgastrointestinalhormones

SatietyderivesfromtheregulationofavarietyofgastrointestinalhormonesWhilethestrengthandtimingofthereleaseofpostprandialhormoneareinfluencedbythedistributionofmacronutrientsandthecompositionofthewholemealManyhormonesandpeptidesreleasedfromcellsintheGItractmightinfluencethesatiety (egoxyntomodulinpancreaticpolypeptideglucoseＧdependentinsulinotropicpolypeptideleptinadiponectinenterostatinglucagoninsulinamylin)HerethisstudyisaimedtoillustratetheimpactsofhydrocolloidsonthesecretionofsuchhormonesaspeptideYYglucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１cholecystokininandghrelinandtorevealtheirrelationtotheregulationofsatiety３１　PeptideYY(PYY)

PYYisa３６ＧaminoＧacidpolypeptidesynthesizedandsecretedfromLＧcellsofterminalileum [４８]PYYinhibitsappetitebyreducingtheexpressionofneuropeptideY (anorexigenicpeptide)[４９]PYYalsoactivatestheldquoilealbrakerdquowhichslowsgastricemptyingandnutrientabsorptionresultinginextensionofsatietyIntravenousinfusionofPYYsignificantlyincreasessatietyandreducescalorieintake[５０mdash５２]

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４７　　　

whichmayserveasanalternativeantiＧobesitytherapeuticagentPaolaVitaglioneetal[５３]reportedthatbarleyβＧglucanscouldbeusedtocontrolappetitesintheshorttermbymodulatingsensationsandreducingenergyintakeJuvonenetal[５４]arguedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedpostprandialplasmaglucoseandseruminsulinresponsesbutitdidnotsignificantlyinfluencetheGIPYYresponsesorappetiteratingsAccordingtoarandomizeddoubleＧblindplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudy [５５]theblended mealofglucomannansodiumalginateandxanthansloweddownthedecreasinglevelofPYY３２　GlucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１(GLPＧ１)

GLPＧ１isreleasedprimarilyfrom LＧcellsofdistalsmallintestineItwillbeactivatedbyNＧterminaltruncationtoGLPＧ１７Ｇ３６ [５６]IntheGItractGLPＧ１inhibitsthesecretionofgastricandpancreaticexocrineslowsthegastricemptyingtoenhancethesatiety[５７mdash５９]Becketal[６０]testedtheeffectofoatβＧglucanonweightlossandhormonesassociatedwithappetiteregulationTheresultsoftheirstudyshowedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedthelevelofTC (totalcholesterol)LDL (lowdensitylipoprotein)HDL(highdensitylipoprotein)leptinPYYand GLPＧ１valuesbutincreasedthelevelofCCKKarhunenetal[６１]reportedthateffectsofdietaryfiberandorproteinenrichmentonsatietyＧrelatedmetabolicand hormonalresponsesResultsshowedthatthepostprandial GLPＧ１concentration wassignificantlysuppressedafterafiberＧandproteinＧrichmealwhilepostprandialrateofappetiteshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenvariousgroupswithtestmeals３３　Cholecystokinin(CCK)

CCKismainlyreleasedfromIＧcellsintheduodenumandproximaljejunumbutsomeCCKisproducedbyneuronsintheGItractandotherinthenervoussystem [６２６３]CCKＧinducedsatiationseemstobemediatedneuronallyviaactivationofvagalafferentsinthestomachandduodenum [６４]InfusionofCCKintohumanbodyresultedinthereductionofthefoodintakeandtheextensionofthedurationofenergyintakesuppressionby２２５ onaverage[６５]Burtonfreemanetal[６６]investigatedthesatietyandglycemicresponsetothemealsofhighglycemicindex(HGI)andoflowglycemicindex(LGI)withhighcontentofdietaryfiberupto４６６ginoverweightwomenrespectivelyTheirstudyindicatedthatplasmaCCKissignificantlyelevatedafterHGImealThestudybyRCReynoldsetal[６７]revealedanotheraspectofthechangeinCCKconcentrationTheirfindingwasthatCCKconcentrationduringthefirst７hafterLGIdietis５９ higherthanthatofHGIdietinthecorrespondingdurationbutthediscrepancyisdiminished１０hafterfoodintake３４　Ghrelin

Ghrelinisa２８ＧaminoＧacidpeptidehormoneoriginatedfromthestomach [６８]Onlyafterghrelinisacylatedcanitbindtothereceptortorevealitsbiologicalactivityatmolecularlevel[６９]Plasmalevelsofghrelinincreaseconsiderablypriortoamealsuggestingthatghrelinmaybeamealinitiatingfactor[７０]GhrelinalsocorrelateswithlongＧtermweightregulationasitincreaseswiththeweightlossanddecreaseswithweightgain[７１]Stpierreetal[７２]foundthatthelevelofacylatedghrelincorrelatespositivelywiththeintakeofthetotalofenergythereforetheintakeofdietaryfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantmodulatorofghrelinlevelThestudyby Gruendeletal[７３]indicatedthattheconsumptionofpolyphenolＧrichinsolubledietaryfiberresultedinthedecreaseofpostprandialacylatedghrelinresponsesindicatingthatdietaryfibermightresultinlessenergyintakeandthelossofbodyweight

４　Effectofhydrocolloidsonintestinalmicroflora

Onefunctionoffoodhydrocolloidistoregulategutmicrobiotainhumans[７４mdash８１]Howevermicrobialpopulationsaredeterminedby manyfactorssuchastheimmunesystem [８２]pH valueofthegutenvironment[８３]hostgeneticscharacteristics[８４]gender[８５８６]age[８７]anddiet[８８]Dietaryfiberisthemainsourceofenergyforthecolonmicrobiotatomaintainorimprovefloradistribution[８９mdash９１]Theimpactofdietaryfibersongutmicrobialfloraisbrieflysummarizedasfollows４１　Resistantstarch(RS)

RSisstarchthatdoesnotreleaseglucosewithinthesmallintestinebutitcanbeconsumedorfermented

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４８　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

bygutmicrobiotaRSisdividedinto(１)RS１physicallyinaccessiblestarch(２)RS２granularstarchthatistightlypacked(３)RS３thatiscookedandreassociatedorretrogradedstarchand(４)RS４thatischemicallyorenzymaticallymodifiedstarch[９２]DifferentRStypesshowdifferenteffectsonresidentialbacteriainthegutForexampleWhentheintakeofRS２andRS４wasexaminedonlytheintakeofRS４wasobservedtoleadtotheincreasedpopulationofActinobacteriaandBacteroidetesandadecreasedpopulationofFirmicutesatthephylalevelAtthespecieslevelRS４promotestheproliferationofBifidobacteriumadolescentis andParabacteroidesdistasoniswhiletheintakeofRS２promotestheincreasesofthenumberofRuminococcusbromiiandEubacteriumrectale [７８]TheconsumptionofRS３experimentedwithpigswasfoundtohaveincreasedtherelativeabundanceofFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiandtohavedecreasedthepercentageofEscherichiacoliandPseudomonasspp[９３]４２　Pectin

PectinismainlyoriginatedfromtheprimarycellwallandmiddlelamellaofdicotyledonousplantsPectinfromdifferentoriginshasdifferentchemicalstructuresincludingmethylationdegreewhichmayfurtherregulatemicrobiotainthegutBacteroidesthetaiotaomicronandFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiaretwomajormicrobiotasintheguttofermentpectinOneinＧvitrostudyillustratedthattheutilizationofapplepectinbyBthetaiotaomicronwaslimitedtorelativelylowpHwhileFprausnitziiperformedwellatthenormalcolonpH [９４]ThestudybyDongowskietalfoundthatanincreasedabundanceofBacteroidessppwasobservedinthecolonofratsfedwithadietcontaining６５ofcitruspectinfor３weeks[９５]WhiletheincreasednumberofAnaeroplasmaAnaerostipesandRoseburiawasobservedinthefecesofratsfedwithadietcontaining７ofapplepectinfor４weeks[９６]４３　Celluloseandhemicellulose

Normallycelluloseisnotfullyfermentedinthehumangut[９７]CelluloseＧdegradingspeciesisolatedfromhumanfeceswerereportedtobeClostridiumsppEubacteriumsppRuminococcusspp[９８mdash１００]andBacteroidesspp[１０１]AlthoughcelluloseＧdegradingmicroorganismsexistinthegutofeveryindividualtheirstructuresvarylargelywiththemethanelevelofthesubjects[１０２]AnotherinＧvitrostudyofthe metabolism ofhydratedandcrystallizedcelluloseby microbiotaindicatedthathydratedcellulosewasthesubstrateofallthefecalinoculabutonlyoneofinoculadegradedcrystallinecellulose[１００]RecentlytherehasbeenincreasinginterestinusingarabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidesandβＧglucansasprebioticstostimulatethegrowthofBifidobacteriainthehumancolonWhenitsaveragelevelofpolymerizationreaches２９ArabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidespromotestheincreasednumberofBifidobacteriaintheascendingcolonLactobacilliinbothascendingandtransversecolonsandClostridiumcoccidiasmdashEubacteriumrectalegroupsinthedescendingcolon[１０３]４４　Inulin

TheeffectofinulinongutmicrobialcompositionhasbeenextensivelystudiedbyusinginＧvitro models[１０４mdash１０６]andinＧvivomodelsofanimals[１０７mdash１０９]andonhumans[１１０１１１]ThelengthofinulinmolecularchainhaseffectontheutilizationandthedegradationofshortＧchaininulinisfasterthanthatoflongＧchaininulin [１１２]InulinconsumptionresultsinanincreasedpopulationofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriasuchasEubacteriumrectaleRoseburiaintestinalisandAnaerostipescaccae [１１３mdash１１５]FivekindsofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriainhumanfecalsampleswereexaminedbymeansofthecoＧcultureofinulintodiscovertheircapacityofutilizinginulinTheresultssuggestedthatErectalewastheprimarydegraderofinulininthecolonwhereaswhatRintestinalisandAcaccaemetabolizedwasmerelythosesmallfragmentsofinulin[１０７]

５　Conclusions

NutritioneffectsofhydrocolloidsonthebasisoftheirphysicochemicalpropertiesdrawincreasingconcerninthefieldoffoodresearchOnthehandremarkableprogresshasbeenmaderegardingtotheinfluenceoffoodcolloidsontheabsorptionofnutrientsinthesmallintestineandtheregulationofmicroflorainthegutOntheotherhandfewstudieshaveinvolvedthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloids

bullReviewsbull

SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４９　　　

basedoncolloidpropertiesandamongtheselimitednumberofstudiesmostarequalitativeonesQuantitativestudiesofthecolloidＧpropertiesＧrelatednutritionalvalueconcerningrheologicalandtexturecharacteristicswillbesignificantfortheinsightintotherelationshipbetweencolloidphysicalpropertiesandnutriologywhichwillbecomeanewtopictobeexploredinthecomingyears

Acknowledgements

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo３１７７２０１５)

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[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

２６７

[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

andruralafricaProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica２０１０１０７(３３)１４６９１mdash１４６９６

[８９]NeyrinckAMHeacuteeVFVPirontNetalWheatＧderivedarabinoxylanoligosaccharideswithprebioticeffectincreasesatietogenicgut

peptidesandreducemetabolicendotoxemiaindietＧinducedobesemiceNature２０１２２(１)e２８

[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

Journal２０１１５(２)２２０mdash２２５

[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

(１)１mdash１７

[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

geneexpressioninpigintestineJournalofNutrition２０１３１４３(３)２７４mdash２８３

[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

prausnitziicanutilizepectinuronicacidsandhostＧderivedsubstratesforgrowthAppliedampEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１２７８(２)

４２０mdash４２８

[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

JournalofNutrition２００２１３２(７)１９３５mdash１９４４

[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

Nutrition１９８１１１１(２)２８７mdash２９３

[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

(９)３４０７mdash３４２６

[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

(１)１０１mdash１１３

[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

effectsJournalofAppliedMicrobiology２００７１０２(２)４５２mdash４６０

[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

mucinＧdegradationinhumanizedratsEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１１１３(１０)２６６７mdash２６８０

[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

AnimalNutrition２００７６１(３)２０１mdash２１０

[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

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[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

microfloraofhealthyvolunteersmeasuredbyfishanddggeMicrobialEcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９１４(４)２１２mdash２２０

[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

３７５mdash３８０

[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

１９９８１２８(１２８)１１mdash１９

[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

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５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

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４６　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

rateandcalorieintaketherebyeasingthecontrolofbody weightandloweringthepossibilitiesofmetabolicillnesscausedbyoverＧconsumptionofcaloriesorfood[１６mdash２０]２２　Thepromotionofgastricdistentionanddelayofgastricemptying

Theincreasedchewingtimeanddegreepromotegastricdistentionduetotheadditionalproductionofsalivaandgastricacid[２１mdash２３]MeanwhilesomesolubledietaryfibersholdalargeamountofwaterintheirnetworktoformgelsresultinginthedistentionofstomachStomachdistensiontriggerstheafferentvagalsignalsoffullnesswhichisclassifiedintosatietyduringmealsandpostmealsatiation[２１２４２５]Russelletal[２６]foundthatpsylliumandguargum werecapableofdelayingthegastricemptyingofliquidsandsolidspresumablyowingtoanincreaseinthemealviscosityAlpstenetal[２７]reportedthatthegastricemptyingrateofthemealcontainingsodiumalginateissignificantlyslowerthanthatofthefiberＧfreemeal２３　Regulationofnutrientabsorption

ThemixtureofhydrocolloidswithliquidsinGItractisgraduallyhydratedandtheviscosityincreasesAsaconsequencegelformsInturntheformationofgeldelaysgastricemptyingandinterfereswiththediffusiontransportationand absorption offatand carbohydratesfrom food matrix [２８２９]Consequentlybloodsugarlevelsarelessfluctuatedaftertheintakeoffood[３０３１]Previousstudiesalsoreportedthattheregulationofpostprandialglycemicandinsulinemicresponsewasrelatedtotheratereductionofhungerreturnandsubsequentenergyintake [３２mdash３４]Furthermorethecomparisonofglycaemialevelsbetweenamealrichinhydrocolloidsandthecontrolmealrevealedapotentiallinkbetweenglycemicresponseandsubsequentfoodingestion[３５３６]２４　Enhancementofsatiety

Satietyisgenerallydefinedasthesatisfiedfeelingsofappetiteintheeatingprogressandeventuallyresultsinthecessationofeating[３７]TheprocessofsatietyisdividedintofourstagesincludingsensorycognitivepreＧabsorptiveandpostＧdigestivestagerespectively [３８]MealＧinducedsignalsofsatietyaregeneratedfrombothpreＧandpostＧabsorptivestagesHoweverpreＧabsorptivesatietyＧrelatedmechanismsespeciallythoseatthephaseofsmallintestineareessentialfortheinductionandmaintenanceofsatiety[３９]ProlongingthemaintenanceandadsorptionoffoodornutrientintheintestinalphaseenhancesthesatietyandaidsinthecontroloffoodintakeFriedmanetal[４０]proposedanenergyregulationmodeltopostulatethattheavailabilityofcirculatingnutrientsubstratesgeneratedthesignalofhungerorsatietyThushydrocolloidsarecapableofextendingthecirculatingperiodtoreducehungerorincreasesatietySomestudiesclaimedthatsatietyisenhancedwiththeincreaseofviscosityofhydrocolloidsinGItract[４１４２]MoreoversatietyiseasiertoachievebyadoptinghydrocolloidscapableofformingsolidＧlikegelsthanbythoseincapableofforminggelafterhydration [４３４４]Furthermoretheachievementofsatietyisdependentonthetypesandamountsoftheconsumptionofhydrocolloids[４５mdash４７]

３　Impactsonthesecretionofgastrointestinalhormones

SatietyderivesfromtheregulationofavarietyofgastrointestinalhormonesWhilethestrengthandtimingofthereleaseofpostprandialhormoneareinfluencedbythedistributionofmacronutrientsandthecompositionofthewholemealManyhormonesandpeptidesreleasedfromcellsintheGItractmightinfluencethesatiety (egoxyntomodulinpancreaticpolypeptideglucoseＧdependentinsulinotropicpolypeptideleptinadiponectinenterostatinglucagoninsulinamylin)HerethisstudyisaimedtoillustratetheimpactsofhydrocolloidsonthesecretionofsuchhormonesaspeptideYYglucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１cholecystokininandghrelinandtorevealtheirrelationtotheregulationofsatiety３１　PeptideYY(PYY)

PYYisa３６ＧaminoＧacidpolypeptidesynthesizedandsecretedfromLＧcellsofterminalileum [４８]PYYinhibitsappetitebyreducingtheexpressionofneuropeptideY (anorexigenicpeptide)[４９]PYYalsoactivatestheldquoilealbrakerdquowhichslowsgastricemptyingandnutrientabsorptionresultinginextensionofsatietyIntravenousinfusionofPYYsignificantlyincreasessatietyandreducescalorieintake[５０mdash５２]

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４７　　　

whichmayserveasanalternativeantiＧobesitytherapeuticagentPaolaVitaglioneetal[５３]reportedthatbarleyβＧglucanscouldbeusedtocontrolappetitesintheshorttermbymodulatingsensationsandreducingenergyintakeJuvonenetal[５４]arguedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedpostprandialplasmaglucoseandseruminsulinresponsesbutitdidnotsignificantlyinfluencetheGIPYYresponsesorappetiteratingsAccordingtoarandomizeddoubleＧblindplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudy [５５]theblended mealofglucomannansodiumalginateandxanthansloweddownthedecreasinglevelofPYY３２　GlucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１(GLPＧ１)

GLPＧ１isreleasedprimarilyfrom LＧcellsofdistalsmallintestineItwillbeactivatedbyNＧterminaltruncationtoGLPＧ１７Ｇ３６ [５６]IntheGItractGLPＧ１inhibitsthesecretionofgastricandpancreaticexocrineslowsthegastricemptyingtoenhancethesatiety[５７mdash５９]Becketal[６０]testedtheeffectofoatβＧglucanonweightlossandhormonesassociatedwithappetiteregulationTheresultsoftheirstudyshowedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedthelevelofTC (totalcholesterol)LDL (lowdensitylipoprotein)HDL(highdensitylipoprotein)leptinPYYand GLPＧ１valuesbutincreasedthelevelofCCKKarhunenetal[６１]reportedthateffectsofdietaryfiberandorproteinenrichmentonsatietyＧrelatedmetabolicand hormonalresponsesResultsshowedthatthepostprandial GLPＧ１concentration wassignificantlysuppressedafterafiberＧandproteinＧrichmealwhilepostprandialrateofappetiteshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenvariousgroupswithtestmeals３３　Cholecystokinin(CCK)

CCKismainlyreleasedfromIＧcellsintheduodenumandproximaljejunumbutsomeCCKisproducedbyneuronsintheGItractandotherinthenervoussystem [６２６３]CCKＧinducedsatiationseemstobemediatedneuronallyviaactivationofvagalafferentsinthestomachandduodenum [６４]InfusionofCCKintohumanbodyresultedinthereductionofthefoodintakeandtheextensionofthedurationofenergyintakesuppressionby２２５ onaverage[６５]Burtonfreemanetal[６６]investigatedthesatietyandglycemicresponsetothemealsofhighglycemicindex(HGI)andoflowglycemicindex(LGI)withhighcontentofdietaryfiberupto４６６ginoverweightwomenrespectivelyTheirstudyindicatedthatplasmaCCKissignificantlyelevatedafterHGImealThestudybyRCReynoldsetal[６７]revealedanotheraspectofthechangeinCCKconcentrationTheirfindingwasthatCCKconcentrationduringthefirst７hafterLGIdietis５９ higherthanthatofHGIdietinthecorrespondingdurationbutthediscrepancyisdiminished１０hafterfoodintake３４　Ghrelin

Ghrelinisa２８ＧaminoＧacidpeptidehormoneoriginatedfromthestomach [６８]Onlyafterghrelinisacylatedcanitbindtothereceptortorevealitsbiologicalactivityatmolecularlevel[６９]Plasmalevelsofghrelinincreaseconsiderablypriortoamealsuggestingthatghrelinmaybeamealinitiatingfactor[７０]GhrelinalsocorrelateswithlongＧtermweightregulationasitincreaseswiththeweightlossanddecreaseswithweightgain[７１]Stpierreetal[７２]foundthatthelevelofacylatedghrelincorrelatespositivelywiththeintakeofthetotalofenergythereforetheintakeofdietaryfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantmodulatorofghrelinlevelThestudyby Gruendeletal[７３]indicatedthattheconsumptionofpolyphenolＧrichinsolubledietaryfiberresultedinthedecreaseofpostprandialacylatedghrelinresponsesindicatingthatdietaryfibermightresultinlessenergyintakeandthelossofbodyweight

４　Effectofhydrocolloidsonintestinalmicroflora

Onefunctionoffoodhydrocolloidistoregulategutmicrobiotainhumans[７４mdash８１]Howevermicrobialpopulationsaredeterminedby manyfactorssuchastheimmunesystem [８２]pH valueofthegutenvironment[８３]hostgeneticscharacteristics[８４]gender[８５８６]age[８７]anddiet[８８]Dietaryfiberisthemainsourceofenergyforthecolonmicrobiotatomaintainorimprovefloradistribution[８９mdash９１]Theimpactofdietaryfibersongutmicrobialfloraisbrieflysummarizedasfollows４１　Resistantstarch(RS)

RSisstarchthatdoesnotreleaseglucosewithinthesmallintestinebutitcanbeconsumedorfermented

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４８　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

bygutmicrobiotaRSisdividedinto(１)RS１physicallyinaccessiblestarch(２)RS２granularstarchthatistightlypacked(３)RS３thatiscookedandreassociatedorretrogradedstarchand(４)RS４thatischemicallyorenzymaticallymodifiedstarch[９２]DifferentRStypesshowdifferenteffectsonresidentialbacteriainthegutForexampleWhentheintakeofRS２andRS４wasexaminedonlytheintakeofRS４wasobservedtoleadtotheincreasedpopulationofActinobacteriaandBacteroidetesandadecreasedpopulationofFirmicutesatthephylalevelAtthespecieslevelRS４promotestheproliferationofBifidobacteriumadolescentis andParabacteroidesdistasoniswhiletheintakeofRS２promotestheincreasesofthenumberofRuminococcusbromiiandEubacteriumrectale [７８]TheconsumptionofRS３experimentedwithpigswasfoundtohaveincreasedtherelativeabundanceofFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiandtohavedecreasedthepercentageofEscherichiacoliandPseudomonasspp[９３]４２　Pectin

PectinismainlyoriginatedfromtheprimarycellwallandmiddlelamellaofdicotyledonousplantsPectinfromdifferentoriginshasdifferentchemicalstructuresincludingmethylationdegreewhichmayfurtherregulatemicrobiotainthegutBacteroidesthetaiotaomicronandFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiaretwomajormicrobiotasintheguttofermentpectinOneinＧvitrostudyillustratedthattheutilizationofapplepectinbyBthetaiotaomicronwaslimitedtorelativelylowpHwhileFprausnitziiperformedwellatthenormalcolonpH [９４]ThestudybyDongowskietalfoundthatanincreasedabundanceofBacteroidessppwasobservedinthecolonofratsfedwithadietcontaining６５ofcitruspectinfor３weeks[９５]WhiletheincreasednumberofAnaeroplasmaAnaerostipesandRoseburiawasobservedinthefecesofratsfedwithadietcontaining７ofapplepectinfor４weeks[９６]４３　Celluloseandhemicellulose

Normallycelluloseisnotfullyfermentedinthehumangut[９７]CelluloseＧdegradingspeciesisolatedfromhumanfeceswerereportedtobeClostridiumsppEubacteriumsppRuminococcusspp[９８mdash１００]andBacteroidesspp[１０１]AlthoughcelluloseＧdegradingmicroorganismsexistinthegutofeveryindividualtheirstructuresvarylargelywiththemethanelevelofthesubjects[１０２]AnotherinＧvitrostudyofthe metabolism ofhydratedandcrystallizedcelluloseby microbiotaindicatedthathydratedcellulosewasthesubstrateofallthefecalinoculabutonlyoneofinoculadegradedcrystallinecellulose[１００]RecentlytherehasbeenincreasinginterestinusingarabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidesandβＧglucansasprebioticstostimulatethegrowthofBifidobacteriainthehumancolonWhenitsaveragelevelofpolymerizationreaches２９ArabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidespromotestheincreasednumberofBifidobacteriaintheascendingcolonLactobacilliinbothascendingandtransversecolonsandClostridiumcoccidiasmdashEubacteriumrectalegroupsinthedescendingcolon[１０３]４４　Inulin

TheeffectofinulinongutmicrobialcompositionhasbeenextensivelystudiedbyusinginＧvitro models[１０４mdash１０６]andinＧvivomodelsofanimals[１０７mdash１０９]andonhumans[１１０１１１]ThelengthofinulinmolecularchainhaseffectontheutilizationandthedegradationofshortＧchaininulinisfasterthanthatoflongＧchaininulin [１１２]InulinconsumptionresultsinanincreasedpopulationofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriasuchasEubacteriumrectaleRoseburiaintestinalisandAnaerostipescaccae [１１３mdash１１５]FivekindsofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriainhumanfecalsampleswereexaminedbymeansofthecoＧcultureofinulintodiscovertheircapacityofutilizinginulinTheresultssuggestedthatErectalewastheprimarydegraderofinulininthecolonwhereaswhatRintestinalisandAcaccaemetabolizedwasmerelythosesmallfragmentsofinulin[１０７]

５　Conclusions

NutritioneffectsofhydrocolloidsonthebasisoftheirphysicochemicalpropertiesdrawincreasingconcerninthefieldoffoodresearchOnthehandremarkableprogresshasbeenmaderegardingtotheinfluenceoffoodcolloidsontheabsorptionofnutrientsinthesmallintestineandtheregulationofmicroflorainthegutOntheotherhandfewstudieshaveinvolvedthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloids

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４９　　　

basedoncolloidpropertiesandamongtheselimitednumberofstudiesmostarequalitativeonesQuantitativestudiesofthecolloidＧpropertiesＧrelatednutritionalvalueconcerningrheologicalandtexturecharacteristicswillbesignificantfortheinsightintotherelationshipbetweencolloidphysicalpropertiesandnutriologywhichwillbecomeanewtopictobeexploredinthecomingyears

Acknowledgements

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo３１７７２０１５)

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[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

(１)１０１mdash１１３

[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

effectsJournalofAppliedMicrobiology２００７１０２(２)４５２mdash４６０

[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

mucinＧdegradationinhumanizedratsEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１１１３(１０)２６６７mdash２６８０

[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

AnimalNutrition２００７６１(３)２０１mdash２１０

[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

JournalofNutrition１９９８８０(５)４６９mdash４７６

[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

microfloraofhealthyvolunteersmeasuredbyfishanddggeMicrobialEcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９１４(４)２１２mdash２２０

[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

３７５mdash３８０

[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

１９９８１２８(１２８)１１mdash１９

[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

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５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４７　　　

whichmayserveasanalternativeantiＧobesitytherapeuticagentPaolaVitaglioneetal[５３]reportedthatbarleyβＧglucanscouldbeusedtocontrolappetitesintheshorttermbymodulatingsensationsandreducingenergyintakeJuvonenetal[５４]arguedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedpostprandialplasmaglucoseandseruminsulinresponsesbutitdidnotsignificantlyinfluencetheGIPYYresponsesorappetiteratingsAccordingtoarandomizeddoubleＧblindplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudy [５５]theblended mealofglucomannansodiumalginateandxanthansloweddownthedecreasinglevelofPYY３２　GlucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１(GLPＧ１)

GLPＧ１isreleasedprimarilyfrom LＧcellsofdistalsmallintestineItwillbeactivatedbyNＧterminaltruncationtoGLPＧ１７Ｇ３６ [５６]IntheGItractGLPＧ１inhibitsthesecretionofgastricandpancreaticexocrineslowsthegastricemptyingtoenhancethesatiety[５７mdash５９]Becketal[６０]testedtheeffectofoatβＧglucanonweightlossandhormonesassociatedwithappetiteregulationTheresultsoftheirstudyshowedthatoatβＧglucandecreasedthelevelofTC (totalcholesterol)LDL (lowdensitylipoprotein)HDL(highdensitylipoprotein)leptinPYYand GLPＧ１valuesbutincreasedthelevelofCCKKarhunenetal[６１]reportedthateffectsofdietaryfiberandorproteinenrichmentonsatietyＧrelatedmetabolicand hormonalresponsesResultsshowedthatthepostprandial GLPＧ１concentration wassignificantlysuppressedafterafiberＧandproteinＧrichmealwhilepostprandialrateofappetiteshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenvariousgroupswithtestmeals３３　Cholecystokinin(CCK)

CCKismainlyreleasedfromIＧcellsintheduodenumandproximaljejunumbutsomeCCKisproducedbyneuronsintheGItractandotherinthenervoussystem [６２６３]CCKＧinducedsatiationseemstobemediatedneuronallyviaactivationofvagalafferentsinthestomachandduodenum [６４]InfusionofCCKintohumanbodyresultedinthereductionofthefoodintakeandtheextensionofthedurationofenergyintakesuppressionby２２５ onaverage[６５]Burtonfreemanetal[６６]investigatedthesatietyandglycemicresponsetothemealsofhighglycemicindex(HGI)andoflowglycemicindex(LGI)withhighcontentofdietaryfiberupto４６６ginoverweightwomenrespectivelyTheirstudyindicatedthatplasmaCCKissignificantlyelevatedafterHGImealThestudybyRCReynoldsetal[６７]revealedanotheraspectofthechangeinCCKconcentrationTheirfindingwasthatCCKconcentrationduringthefirst７hafterLGIdietis５９ higherthanthatofHGIdietinthecorrespondingdurationbutthediscrepancyisdiminished１０hafterfoodintake３４　Ghrelin

Ghrelinisa２８ＧaminoＧacidpeptidehormoneoriginatedfromthestomach [６８]Onlyafterghrelinisacylatedcanitbindtothereceptortorevealitsbiologicalactivityatmolecularlevel[６９]Plasmalevelsofghrelinincreaseconsiderablypriortoamealsuggestingthatghrelinmaybeamealinitiatingfactor[７０]GhrelinalsocorrelateswithlongＧtermweightregulationasitincreaseswiththeweightlossanddecreaseswithweightgain[７１]Stpierreetal[７２]foundthatthelevelofacylatedghrelincorrelatespositivelywiththeintakeofthetotalofenergythereforetheintakeofdietaryfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantmodulatorofghrelinlevelThestudyby Gruendeletal[７３]indicatedthattheconsumptionofpolyphenolＧrichinsolubledietaryfiberresultedinthedecreaseofpostprandialacylatedghrelinresponsesindicatingthatdietaryfibermightresultinlessenergyintakeandthelossofbodyweight

４　Effectofhydrocolloidsonintestinalmicroflora

Onefunctionoffoodhydrocolloidistoregulategutmicrobiotainhumans[７４mdash８１]Howevermicrobialpopulationsaredeterminedby manyfactorssuchastheimmunesystem [８２]pH valueofthegutenvironment[８３]hostgeneticscharacteristics[８４]gender[８５８６]age[８７]anddiet[８８]Dietaryfiberisthemainsourceofenergyforthecolonmicrobiotatomaintainorimprovefloradistribution[８９mdash９１]Theimpactofdietaryfibersongutmicrobialfloraisbrieflysummarizedasfollows４１　Resistantstarch(RS)

RSisstarchthatdoesnotreleaseglucosewithinthesmallintestinebutitcanbeconsumedorfermented

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４８　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

bygutmicrobiotaRSisdividedinto(１)RS１physicallyinaccessiblestarch(２)RS２granularstarchthatistightlypacked(３)RS３thatiscookedandreassociatedorretrogradedstarchand(４)RS４thatischemicallyorenzymaticallymodifiedstarch[９２]DifferentRStypesshowdifferenteffectsonresidentialbacteriainthegutForexampleWhentheintakeofRS２andRS４wasexaminedonlytheintakeofRS４wasobservedtoleadtotheincreasedpopulationofActinobacteriaandBacteroidetesandadecreasedpopulationofFirmicutesatthephylalevelAtthespecieslevelRS４promotestheproliferationofBifidobacteriumadolescentis andParabacteroidesdistasoniswhiletheintakeofRS２promotestheincreasesofthenumberofRuminococcusbromiiandEubacteriumrectale [７８]TheconsumptionofRS３experimentedwithpigswasfoundtohaveincreasedtherelativeabundanceofFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiandtohavedecreasedthepercentageofEscherichiacoliandPseudomonasspp[９３]４２　Pectin

PectinismainlyoriginatedfromtheprimarycellwallandmiddlelamellaofdicotyledonousplantsPectinfromdifferentoriginshasdifferentchemicalstructuresincludingmethylationdegreewhichmayfurtherregulatemicrobiotainthegutBacteroidesthetaiotaomicronandFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiaretwomajormicrobiotasintheguttofermentpectinOneinＧvitrostudyillustratedthattheutilizationofapplepectinbyBthetaiotaomicronwaslimitedtorelativelylowpHwhileFprausnitziiperformedwellatthenormalcolonpH [９４]ThestudybyDongowskietalfoundthatanincreasedabundanceofBacteroidessppwasobservedinthecolonofratsfedwithadietcontaining６５ofcitruspectinfor３weeks[９５]WhiletheincreasednumberofAnaeroplasmaAnaerostipesandRoseburiawasobservedinthefecesofratsfedwithadietcontaining７ofapplepectinfor４weeks[９６]４３　Celluloseandhemicellulose

Normallycelluloseisnotfullyfermentedinthehumangut[９７]CelluloseＧdegradingspeciesisolatedfromhumanfeceswerereportedtobeClostridiumsppEubacteriumsppRuminococcusspp[９８mdash１００]andBacteroidesspp[１０１]AlthoughcelluloseＧdegradingmicroorganismsexistinthegutofeveryindividualtheirstructuresvarylargelywiththemethanelevelofthesubjects[１０２]AnotherinＧvitrostudyofthe metabolism ofhydratedandcrystallizedcelluloseby microbiotaindicatedthathydratedcellulosewasthesubstrateofallthefecalinoculabutonlyoneofinoculadegradedcrystallinecellulose[１００]RecentlytherehasbeenincreasinginterestinusingarabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidesandβＧglucansasprebioticstostimulatethegrowthofBifidobacteriainthehumancolonWhenitsaveragelevelofpolymerizationreaches２９ArabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidespromotestheincreasednumberofBifidobacteriaintheascendingcolonLactobacilliinbothascendingandtransversecolonsandClostridiumcoccidiasmdashEubacteriumrectalegroupsinthedescendingcolon[１０３]４４　Inulin

TheeffectofinulinongutmicrobialcompositionhasbeenextensivelystudiedbyusinginＧvitro models[１０４mdash１０６]andinＧvivomodelsofanimals[１０７mdash１０９]andonhumans[１１０１１１]ThelengthofinulinmolecularchainhaseffectontheutilizationandthedegradationofshortＧchaininulinisfasterthanthatoflongＧchaininulin [１１２]InulinconsumptionresultsinanincreasedpopulationofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriasuchasEubacteriumrectaleRoseburiaintestinalisandAnaerostipescaccae [１１３mdash１１５]FivekindsofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriainhumanfecalsampleswereexaminedbymeansofthecoＧcultureofinulintodiscovertheircapacityofutilizinginulinTheresultssuggestedthatErectalewastheprimarydegraderofinulininthecolonwhereaswhatRintestinalisandAcaccaemetabolizedwasmerelythosesmallfragmentsofinulin[１０７]

５　Conclusions

NutritioneffectsofhydrocolloidsonthebasisoftheirphysicochemicalpropertiesdrawincreasingconcerninthefieldoffoodresearchOnthehandremarkableprogresshasbeenmaderegardingtotheinfluenceoffoodcolloidsontheabsorptionofnutrientsinthesmallintestineandtheregulationofmicroflorainthegutOntheotherhandfewstudieshaveinvolvedthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloids

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４９　　　

basedoncolloidpropertiesandamongtheselimitednumberofstudiesmostarequalitativeonesQuantitativestudiesofthecolloidＧpropertiesＧrelatednutritionalvalueconcerningrheologicalandtexturecharacteristicswillbesignificantfortheinsightintotherelationshipbetweencolloidphysicalpropertiesandnutriologywhichwillbecomeanewtopictobeexploredinthecomingyears

Acknowledgements

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo３１７７２０１５)

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[３２]JenkinsDJJenkinsALVuksanVetalLentecarbohydrateorslowlyabsorbedstarchSpringerUS１９９０２４７mdash２５９

[３３]BraatenJTScottFWWoodPJetalHighβＧglucanoatbranandoatgumreducepostprandialbloodglucoseandinsulininsubjectswith

andwithouttype２diabetesDiabeticMedicineAJournaloftheBritishDiabeticAssociation１９９４１１(３)３１２mdash３１８

[３４]RobertsSBHighＧglycemicindexfoodshungerandobesityisthereaconnection NutritionReviews２０００５８(６)１６３mdash１６９

[３５]PapakonstantinouΕOrfanakosNFarajianPetalShortＧtermeffectsofalowglycemicindexcarobcontainingsnackonenergyintake

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[３６]JohnsonITTheInfluenceofDietaryFibreonLipidDigestionandAbsorptionLondonSpringer１９９２１６７mdash１８０

[３７]Burtofreeman BRobertsSBHeyman MBetalDietaryfiberandenergyregulationJournalofNutrition２０００１３０(２S)

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[３８]BlundellJDeGCHulshofTetalAppetitecontrolmethodologicalaspectsoftheevaluationoffoodsObesityReviews２０１０１１

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[３９]MackieABajkaBRigbyNRolesfordietaryfibreintheupperGItractTheimportanceofviscosityFoodResearchInternational

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[４０]Friedman MIControlofenergyintakebyenergy metabolismAmericanJournalofClinical Nutrition１９９５６２(５ Suppl)

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[４１]MarcianiLGowlandPASpillerRCetalEffectofmealviscosityandnutrientsonsatietyintragastricdilutionandemptyingassessed

byMRIAmericanJournalofPhysiologyGastrointestinalamp LiverPhysiology２００１２８０(６)G１２２７mdashG１２３３

[４２]MattesRDRothackerDBeverageviscosityisinverselyrelatedtopostprandialhungerinhumansPhysiologyamp Behavior２００１７４

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[４３]WandersAJFeskensEJJonathanMCetalPectinisnotpectinarandomizedtrialontheeffectofdifferentphysicochemicalproperties

ofdietaryfiberonappetiteandenergyintakePhysiologyampBehavior２０１４１２８(５)２１２mdash２１４

[４４]ViebkeCAlＧAssafSPhillipsGOFoodhydrocolloidsandhealthclaimsBioactiveCarbohydratesamp DietaryFibre２０１４４(２)１０１mdash

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[４５]KeoghJBLauCWHNoakesMetalEffectsofmealswithhighsolublefibrehighamylosebarleyvariantonglucoseinsulinsatiety

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[４６]HessJRBirkettAMThomasWetalEffectsofshortＧchainfructooligosaccharidesonsatietyresponsesinhealthymenandwomen

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[４７]MattesRDEffectsofacombinationfibersystemonappetiteandenergyintakeinoverweighthumansPhysiologyampBehavior２００７９０

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[４８]BatterhamRLFfytcheDHRosenthalJMetalPYYmodulationofcorticalandhypothalamicbrainareaspredictsfeedingbehaviourin

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５１　　　

humansNature２００７４５０(７１６６)１０６mdash１０９

[４９]AbbottCRMonteiroMSmallCJetalTheinhibitoryeffectsofperipheraladministrationofpeptideYY(３mdash３６)andglucagonＧlike

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[５０]BatterhamRLCowleyMASmallCJetalGuthormonePYY(３mdash３６)physiologicallyinhibitsfoodintakeNature２００２４１８(６８９８)

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[５１]HicksonMMossCDhilloWSetalIncreasedpeptideyybloodconcentrationsnotdecreasedacylＧghrelinareassociatedwithreduced

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[５５]Reimer RAPelletier XCarabinIGetalIncreasedplasma PYYlevelsfollowingsupplementation withthefunctionalfiber

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５２　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[７２]Stpierre DHetalFiberintakepredictsghrelinlevelsinoverweightandobesepostmenopausalwomenEuropeanJournalof

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[８２]HooperLVDanRLMacphersonAJInteractionsbetweenthemicrobiotaandtheimmunesystemScience２０１２３３６(６０８６)１２６８mdash

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[８３]DuncanSHLouisPThomsonJMetalTheroleofpHindeterminingthespeciescompositionofthehumancolonicmicrobiota

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[８４]TurnbaughPJHamadyMYatsunenkoTetalAcoregutmicrobiomeinobeseandleantwinsNature２００９４５７(７２２８)４８０mdash４８４

[８５]YatsunenkoTReyFEManaryMJetalHumangutmicrobiomeviewedacrossageandgeographyNature２０１２４８６(７４０２)２２２mdash

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[８６]MuellerSSaunierKHanischCetalDifferencesinfecalmicrobiotaindifferenteuropeanstudypopulationsinrelationtoagegender

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[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

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[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

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[８９]NeyrinckAMHeacuteeVFVPirontNetalWheatＧderivedarabinoxylanoligosaccharideswithprebioticeffectincreasesatietogenicgut

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[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

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[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

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[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

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[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

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[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

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[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

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[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

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[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

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[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

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[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

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[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

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[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

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[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

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[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

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[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

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[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

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[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

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[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

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５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

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CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

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mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

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biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

bullReviewsbull

４８　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

bygutmicrobiotaRSisdividedinto(１)RS１physicallyinaccessiblestarch(２)RS２granularstarchthatistightlypacked(３)RS３thatiscookedandreassociatedorretrogradedstarchand(４)RS４thatischemicallyorenzymaticallymodifiedstarch[９２]DifferentRStypesshowdifferenteffectsonresidentialbacteriainthegutForexampleWhentheintakeofRS２andRS４wasexaminedonlytheintakeofRS４wasobservedtoleadtotheincreasedpopulationofActinobacteriaandBacteroidetesandadecreasedpopulationofFirmicutesatthephylalevelAtthespecieslevelRS４promotestheproliferationofBifidobacteriumadolescentis andParabacteroidesdistasoniswhiletheintakeofRS２promotestheincreasesofthenumberofRuminococcusbromiiandEubacteriumrectale [７８]TheconsumptionofRS３experimentedwithpigswasfoundtohaveincreasedtherelativeabundanceofFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiandtohavedecreasedthepercentageofEscherichiacoliandPseudomonasspp[９３]４２　Pectin

PectinismainlyoriginatedfromtheprimarycellwallandmiddlelamellaofdicotyledonousplantsPectinfromdifferentoriginshasdifferentchemicalstructuresincludingmethylationdegreewhichmayfurtherregulatemicrobiotainthegutBacteroidesthetaiotaomicronandFaecalibacteriumprausnitziiaretwomajormicrobiotasintheguttofermentpectinOneinＧvitrostudyillustratedthattheutilizationofapplepectinbyBthetaiotaomicronwaslimitedtorelativelylowpHwhileFprausnitziiperformedwellatthenormalcolonpH [９４]ThestudybyDongowskietalfoundthatanincreasedabundanceofBacteroidessppwasobservedinthecolonofratsfedwithadietcontaining６５ofcitruspectinfor３weeks[９５]WhiletheincreasednumberofAnaeroplasmaAnaerostipesandRoseburiawasobservedinthefecesofratsfedwithadietcontaining７ofapplepectinfor４weeks[９６]４３　Celluloseandhemicellulose

Normallycelluloseisnotfullyfermentedinthehumangut[９７]CelluloseＧdegradingspeciesisolatedfromhumanfeceswerereportedtobeClostridiumsppEubacteriumsppRuminococcusspp[９８mdash１００]andBacteroidesspp[１０１]AlthoughcelluloseＧdegradingmicroorganismsexistinthegutofeveryindividualtheirstructuresvarylargelywiththemethanelevelofthesubjects[１０２]AnotherinＧvitrostudyofthe metabolism ofhydratedandcrystallizedcelluloseby microbiotaindicatedthathydratedcellulosewasthesubstrateofallthefecalinoculabutonlyoneofinoculadegradedcrystallinecellulose[１００]RecentlytherehasbeenincreasinginterestinusingarabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidesandβＧglucansasprebioticstostimulatethegrowthofBifidobacteriainthehumancolonWhenitsaveragelevelofpolymerizationreaches２９ArabinoxyloＧoligosaccharidespromotestheincreasednumberofBifidobacteriaintheascendingcolonLactobacilliinbothascendingandtransversecolonsandClostridiumcoccidiasmdashEubacteriumrectalegroupsinthedescendingcolon[１０３]４４　Inulin

TheeffectofinulinongutmicrobialcompositionhasbeenextensivelystudiedbyusinginＧvitro models[１０４mdash１０６]andinＧvivomodelsofanimals[１０７mdash１０９]andonhumans[１１０１１１]ThelengthofinulinmolecularchainhaseffectontheutilizationandthedegradationofshortＧchaininulinisfasterthanthatoflongＧchaininulin [１１２]InulinconsumptionresultsinanincreasedpopulationofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriasuchasEubacteriumrectaleRoseburiaintestinalisandAnaerostipescaccae [１１３mdash１１５]FivekindsofbutyrateＧproducingbacteriainhumanfecalsampleswereexaminedbymeansofthecoＧcultureofinulintodiscovertheircapacityofutilizinginulinTheresultssuggestedthatErectalewastheprimarydegraderofinulininthecolonwhereaswhatRintestinalisandAcaccaemetabolizedwasmerelythosesmallfragmentsofinulin[１０７]

５　Conclusions

NutritioneffectsofhydrocolloidsonthebasisoftheirphysicochemicalpropertiesdrawincreasingconcerninthefieldoffoodresearchOnthehandremarkableprogresshasbeenmaderegardingtotheinfluenceoffoodcolloidsontheabsorptionofnutrientsinthesmallintestineandtheregulationofmicroflorainthegutOntheotherhandfewstudieshaveinvolvedthenutritionalvalueofhydrocolloids

bullReviewsbull

SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４９　　　

basedoncolloidpropertiesandamongtheselimitednumberofstudiesmostarequalitativeonesQuantitativestudiesofthecolloidＧpropertiesＧrelatednutritionalvalueconcerningrheologicalandtexturecharacteristicswillbesignificantfortheinsightintotherelationshipbetweencolloidphysicalpropertiesandnutriologywhichwillbecomeanewtopictobeexploredinthecomingyears

Acknowledgements

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo３１７７２０１５)

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[７７]RamirezfariasCSlezakKFullerZetalEffectofinulinonthehumangutmicrobiotastimulationofBifidobacteriumadolescentisand

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humansubjectsPlosOne２０１０５(１１)１mdash５

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[８５]YatsunenkoTReyFEManaryMJetalHumangutmicrobiomeviewedacrossageandgeographyNature２０１２４８６(７４０２)２２２mdash

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[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

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[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

andruralafricaProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica２０１０１０７(３３)１４６９１mdash１４６９６

[８９]NeyrinckAMHeacuteeVFVPirontNetalWheatＧderivedarabinoxylanoligosaccharideswithprebioticeffectincreasesatietogenicgut

peptidesandreducemetabolicendotoxemiaindietＧinducedobesemiceNature２０１２２(１)e２８

[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

Journal２０１１５(２)２２０mdash２２５

[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

(１)１mdash１７

[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

geneexpressioninpigintestineJournalofNutrition２０１３１４３(３)２７４mdash２８３

[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

prausnitziicanutilizepectinuronicacidsandhostＧderivedsubstratesforgrowthAppliedampEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１２７８(２)

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[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

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[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

bullReviewsbull

SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

Nutrition１９８１１１１(２)２８７mdash２９３

[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

(９)３４０７mdash３４２６

[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

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[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

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[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

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[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

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[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

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producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

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humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

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[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

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bullReviewsbull

５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

bullReviewsbull

SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ４９　　　

basedoncolloidpropertiesandamongtheselimitednumberofstudiesmostarequalitativeonesQuantitativestudiesofthecolloidＧpropertiesＧrelatednutritionalvalueconcerningrheologicalandtexturecharacteristicswillbesignificantfortheinsightintotherelationshipbetweencolloidphysicalpropertiesandnutriologywhichwillbecomeanewtopictobeexploredinthecomingyears

Acknowledgements

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo３１７７２０１５)

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byMRIAmericanJournalofPhysiologyGastrointestinalamp LiverPhysiology２００１２８０(６)G１２２７mdashG１２３３

[４２]MattesRDRothackerDBeverageviscosityisinverselyrelatedtopostprandialhungerinhumansPhysiologyamp Behavior２００１７４

(４５)５５１mdash５５７

[４３]WandersAJFeskensEJJonathanMCetalPectinisnotpectinarandomizedtrialontheeffectofdifferentphysicochemicalproperties

ofdietaryfiberonappetiteandenergyintakePhysiologyampBehavior２０１４１２８(５)２１２mdash２１４

[４４]ViebkeCAlＧAssafSPhillipsGOFoodhydrocolloidsandhealthclaimsBioactiveCarbohydratesamp DietaryFibre２０１４４(２)１０１mdash

１１４

[４５]KeoghJBLauCWHNoakesMetalEffectsofmealswithhighsolublefibrehighamylosebarleyvariantonglucoseinsulinsatiety

andthermiceffectoffoodinhealthyleanwomenEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００７６１(５)５９７mdash６０４

[４６]HessJRBirkettAMThomasWetalEffectsofshortＧchainfructooligosaccharidesonsatietyresponsesinhealthymenandwomen

Appetite２０１１５６(１)１２８mdash１３４

[４７]MattesRDEffectsofacombinationfibersystemonappetiteandenergyintakeinoverweighthumansPhysiologyampBehavior２００７９０

(５)７０５mdash７１１

[４８]BatterhamRLFfytcheDHRosenthalJMetalPYYmodulationofcorticalandhypothalamicbrainareaspredictsfeedingbehaviourin

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humansNature２００７４５０(７１６６)１０６mdash１０９

[４９]AbbottCRMonteiroMSmallCJetalTheinhibitoryeffectsofperipheraladministrationofpeptideYY(３mdash３６)andglucagonＧlike

peptideＧ１onfoodintakeareattenuatedbyablationofthevagalＧbrainstemＧhypothalamicpathwayBrainResearch２００５１０４４(１)１２７mdash

１３１

[５０]BatterhamRLCowleyMASmallCJetalGuthormonePYY(３mdash３６)physiologicallyinhibitsfoodintakeNature２００２４１８(６８９８)

６５０mdash６５４

[５１]HicksonMMossCDhilloWSetalIncreasedpeptideyybloodconcentrationsnotdecreasedacylＧghrelinareassociatedwithreduced

hungerandfoodintakeinhealthyolderwomenPreliminaryevidenceAppetite２０１６１０５(１)３２０mdash３２７

[５２]DegenLOeschSCasanova MetalEffectofpeptideYY３Ｇ３６onfoodintakeinhumansGastroenterology２００５１２９(５)

１４３０mdash１４３６

[５３]VitaglionePLumagaRBStanzioneAetalβＧGlucanＧenrichedbreadreducesenergyintakeandmodifiesplasmaghrelinandpeptideYY

concentrationsintheshorttermAppetite２００９５３(３)３３８mdash３４４

[５４]JuvonenKRSalmenkallioＧMarttilaMLylyMetalSemisolidmealenrichedinoatbrandecreasesplasmaglucoseandinsulinlevelsbut

doesnotchangegastrointestinalpeptideresponsesorshortＧtermappetiteinhealthysubjectsNutrition Metabolism amp Cardiovascular

DiseasesNmcd２０１１２１(９)７４８mdash７５６

[５５]Reimer RAPelletier XCarabinIGetalIncreasedplasma PYYlevelsfollowingsupplementation withthefunctionalfiber

PolyGlycopleXinhealthyadultsEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２０１０６４(１０)１１８６mdash１１９１

[５６]ChaudhriOCSmallBloom SGastrointestinalhormonesregulatingappetitePhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyof

London２００６３６１(１４７１)１１８７mdash１２０９

[５７]HudaMSWildingJPPinkneyJHGutpeptidesandtheregulationofappetiteObesityReviewsAnOfficialJournaloftheInternational

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[５８]CummingsDEOverduinJGastrointestinalregulationoffoodintakeJournalofClinicalInvestigation２００７１１７(１)１３mdash２３

[５９]NaumlslundEBarkelingBKingNetalEnergyintakeandappetitearesuppressedbyglucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１(GLPＧ１)inobesemen

InternationalJournalofObesityampRelatedMetabolicDisordersJournaloftheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofObesity１９９９２３

(３)３０４mdash３１１

[６０]BeckEJTapsellLCBatterham MJetalOatbetaＧglucansupplementationdoesnotenhancetheeffectivenessofanenergyＧrestricted

dietinoverweightwomenBritishJournalofNutrition２０１０１０３(８)１２１２mdash１２２

[６１]KarhunenLJJuvonenKRFlanderSMetalApsylliumfiberＧenrichedmealstronglyattenuatespostprandialgastrointestinalpeptide

releaseinhealthyyoungadultsJournalofNutrition２０１０１４０(４)７３７mdash７４４

[６２]RitzeYHengelhauptCBatilderGetalAlteredintestinalneuroendocrinegeneexpressioninhumanswithobesityObesity２０１５２３(１１)

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[６３]RehfeldJFClinicalendocrinologyandmetabolismcholecystokininBestPracticeamp ResearchClinicalEndocrinologyamp Metabolism

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[６４]KopinASMathesWFMcbrideEWetalThecholecystokininmdashAreceptormediatesinhibitionoffoodintakeyetisnotessentialforthe

maintenanceofbodyweightJournalofClinicalInvestigation１９９９１０３(３)３８３mdash９１

[６５]GraafCDBlom WASmeetsPAetalBiomarkersofsatiationandsatietyAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００４７９(６)９４６mdash

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[６６]BurtonfreemanBMKeim NLGlycemicindexcholecystokininsatietyanddisinhibitionisthereanunappreciatedparadoxfor

overweightwomenInternationalJournalofObesity２００８３２(１１)１６４７mdash１６５２

[６７]ReynoldsRCFSStockmannKSAtkinsonFSEffectoftheglycemicindexofcarbohydratesondayＧlong (１０h)profilesofplasma

glucoseinsulincholecystokininandghrelinEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００９６３(７)８７２mdash８７５

[６８]DateYGhrelinisagrowthＧhormoneＧreleasingacylatedpeptidefromstomachNature１９９９４０２(６７６２)６５６mdash６６０

[６９]LelyAFVDTschop MHeiman MLetalErratumBiologicalphysiologicalpathophysiologicalandpharmacologicalaspectsof

ghrelinEndocrineReviews２００４２５４２６mdash４５７

[７０]CummingsDEPurnellJQFrayoRSetalApreprandialriseinplasmaghrelinlevelssuggestsaroleinmealinitiationinhumans

Diabetes２００１５０(８)１７１４mdash１７１９

[７１]O1049011DorisioTMetalPlasmaghrelinlevelsafterdietＧinducedweightlossorgastricbypasssurgeryNewEnglandJournalofMedicine

２００２３４６(２１)１６２３mdash１６３０

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５２　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[７２]Stpierre DHetalFiberintakepredictsghrelinlevelsinoverweightandobesepostmenopausalwomenEuropeanJournalof

Endocrinology２００９１６１(１)６５mdash７２

[７３]GruendelSRabasaＧLhoretRLavoieMEetalCarobpulppreparationrichininsolubledietaryfiberandpolyphenolsenhanceslipid

oxidationandlowerspostprandialacylatedghrelininhumansJournalofNutrition２００６１３６(６)１５３３mdash１５３８

[７４]Gibson GRBeatty ERWang XetalSelectivestimulationofbifidobacteriainthehumancolonbyoligofructoseandinulin

Gastroenterology１９９５１０８(４)９７５mdash８２

[７５]TeradaAHaraHMitsuokaTEffectofdietaryalginateonthefaecalmicrobiotaandfaecalmetabolicactivityinhumansMicrobial

EcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９８(６)２５９mdash２６６

[７６]MorelFBOozeerRPiloquetHetalPreweaningmodulationofintestinalmicrobiotabyoligosaccharidesoramoxicillincancontribute

toprogrammingofadultmicrobiotainratsNutrition２０１５３１(３)５１５mdash５２２

[７７]RamirezfariasCSlezakKFullerZetalEffectofinulinonthehumangutmicrobiotastimulationofBifidobacteriumadolescentisand

FaecalibacteriumprausnitziiBritishJournalofNutrition２００９１０１(４)５４１mdash５５０

[７８]MartiacutenezIKimJDuffyPRetalResistantstarchestypes２and４havedifferentialeffectsonthecompositionofthefecalmicrobiotain

humansubjectsPlosOne２０１０５(１１)１mdash５

[７９]EvdokiakMPanopoulouNTurunenKetalPrebioticpotentialofbarleyderivedβＧglucanatlowintakelevelsArandomiseddoubleＧ

blindedplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudyFoodResearchInternational２０１０４３(４)１０８６mdash１０９２

[８０]DavisLMMartiacutenezIWalterJetalBarcodedpyrosequencingrevealsthatconsumptionofgalactooligosaccharidesresultsinahighly

specificbifidogenicresponseinhumansPlosOne２０１１６(９)１mdash４

[８１]CantarelBLLombardVHenrissatBComplexcarbohydrateutilizationbythehealthyhumanmicrobiomePlosOne２０１２７(６)２mdash

４

[８２]HooperLVDanRLMacphersonAJInteractionsbetweenthemicrobiotaandtheimmunesystemScience２０１２３３６(６０８６)１２６８mdash

１２７０

[８３]DuncanSHLouisPThomsonJMetalTheroleofpHindeterminingthespeciescompositionofthehumancolonicmicrobiota

EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００９１１(８)２１１２mdash２１１５

[８４]TurnbaughPJHamadyMYatsunenkoTetalAcoregutmicrobiomeinobeseandleantwinsNature２００９４５７(７２２８)４８０mdash４８４

[８５]YatsunenkoTReyFEManaryMJetalHumangutmicrobiomeviewedacrossageandgeographyNature２０１２４８６(７４０２)２２２mdash

２２４

[８６]MuellerSSaunierKHanischCetalDifferencesinfecalmicrobiotaindifferenteuropeanstudypopulationsinrelationtoagegender

andcountryacrossＧsectionalstudyAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００６７２(２)１０２７mdash１０３３

[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

２６７

[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

andruralafricaProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica２０１０１０７(３３)１４６９１mdash１４６９６

[８９]NeyrinckAMHeacuteeVFVPirontNetalWheatＧderivedarabinoxylanoligosaccharideswithprebioticeffectincreasesatietogenicgut

peptidesandreducemetabolicendotoxemiaindietＧinducedobesemiceNature２０１２２(１)e２８

[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

Journal２０１１５(２)２２０mdash２２５

[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

(１)１mdash１７

[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

geneexpressioninpigintestineJournalofNutrition２０１３１４３(３)２７４mdash２８３

[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

prausnitziicanutilizepectinuronicacidsandhostＧderivedsubstratesforgrowthAppliedampEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１２７８(２)

４２０mdash４２８

[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

JournalofNutrition２００２１３２(７)１９３５mdash１９４４

[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

Nutrition１９８１１１１(２)２８７mdash２９３

[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

(９)３４０７mdash３４２６

[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

(１)１０１mdash１１３

[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

effectsJournalofAppliedMicrobiology２００７１０２(２)４５２mdash４６０

[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

mucinＧdegradationinhumanizedratsEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１１１３(１０)２６６７mdash２６８０

[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

AnimalNutrition２００７６１(３)２０１mdash２１０

[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

JournalofNutrition１９９８８０(５)４６９mdash４７６

[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

microfloraofhealthyvolunteersmeasuredbyfishanddggeMicrobialEcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９１４(４)２１２mdash２２０

[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

３７５mdash３８０

[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

１９９８１２８(１２８)１１mdash１９

[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

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polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

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５０　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[２２]CassadyBAHollisJHFulfordADetalMasticationofalmondsEffectsoflipidbioaccessibilityappetiteandhormoneresponse

AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００９８９(３)７９４mdash７９８

[２３]RollsBJCarbohydratesfatsandsatietyAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition１９９５６１(４Suppl)９６０Smdash９６７S

[２４]VahounyGVKritchevskyDDietaryfiberinhealthanddiseaseGastroenterology１９９８１１５(３)７９４mdash７９９

[２５]SaltzmanERobertsSBSolublefiberandenergyregulationSpringerUS１９９７４２７(１)８９mdash９７

[２６]VetraniCCostabileGLuongoDetalEffectsofwholeＧgraincerealfoodsonplasmashortchainfattyacidconcentrationsinindividuals

withthemetabolicsyndromeNutrition２０１６３２(２)２１７mdash２２１

[２７]TorsdottirIAlpsten MHolm GetalAsmalldoseofsolublealginateＧfiberaffectspostprandialglycemiaandgastricemptyingin

humanswithdiabetesJournalofNutrition１９９１１２１(６)７９５mdash７９９

[２８]WandersAJJonathanMCJVanetalTheeffectsofbulkingviscousandgelＧformingdietaryfibresonsatiationBritishJournalof

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[２９]VahounyGVSatchithanandamSChenIetalDietaryfiberandintestinaladaptationeffectsonlipidabsorptionandlymphatic

transportintheratAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition１９８８４７(２)２０１mdash２０５

[３０]ThompsonSVHannonBAAnRetalEffectsofisolatedsolublefibersupplementationonbodyweightglycemiaandinsulinemiain

adultswithoverweightandobesityAsystematicreviewandmetaＧanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsAmericanJournalofClinical

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[３１]JenkinsDJJenkinsALVuksanVetalDietaryfiberandtheglycemicresponseProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiology

amp Medicine１９８５１８０(３)４２２mdash４３１

[３２]JenkinsDJJenkinsALVuksanVetalLentecarbohydrateorslowlyabsorbedstarchSpringerUS１９９０２４７mdash２５９

[３３]BraatenJTScottFWWoodPJetalHighβＧglucanoatbranandoatgumreducepostprandialbloodglucoseandinsulininsubjectswith

andwithouttype２diabetesDiabeticMedicineAJournaloftheBritishDiabeticAssociation１９９４１１(３)３１２mdash３１８

[３４]RobertsSBHighＧglycemicindexfoodshungerandobesityisthereaconnection NutritionReviews２０００５８(６)１６３mdash１６９

[３５]PapakonstantinouΕOrfanakosNFarajianPetalShortＧtermeffectsofalowglycemicindexcarobcontainingsnackonenergyintake

satietyandglycemicresponseinnormalＧweighthealthyadultsResultsfromtworandomizedＧtrialsNutrition２０１７４２(１)１２mdash１４

[３６]JohnsonITTheInfluenceofDietaryFibreonLipidDigestionandAbsorptionLondonSpringer１９９２１６７mdash１８０

[３７]Burtofreeman BRobertsSBHeyman MBetalDietaryfiberandenergyregulationJournalofNutrition２０００１３０(２S)

２７２Smdash２７５S

[３８]BlundellJDeGCHulshofTetalAppetitecontrolmethodologicalaspectsoftheevaluationoffoodsObesityReviews２０１０１１

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[３９]MackieABajkaBRigbyNRolesfordietaryfibreintheupperGItractTheimportanceofviscosityFoodResearchInternational

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[４０]Friedman MIControlofenergyintakebyenergy metabolismAmericanJournalofClinical Nutrition１９９５６２(５ Suppl)

１０９６Smdash１１００S

[４１]MarcianiLGowlandPASpillerRCetalEffectofmealviscosityandnutrientsonsatietyintragastricdilutionandemptyingassessed

byMRIAmericanJournalofPhysiologyGastrointestinalamp LiverPhysiology２００１２８０(６)G１２２７mdashG１２３３

[４２]MattesRDRothackerDBeverageviscosityisinverselyrelatedtopostprandialhungerinhumansPhysiologyamp Behavior２００１７４

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[４３]WandersAJFeskensEJJonathanMCetalPectinisnotpectinarandomizedtrialontheeffectofdifferentphysicochemicalproperties

ofdietaryfiberonappetiteandenergyintakePhysiologyampBehavior２０１４１２８(５)２１２mdash２１４

[４４]ViebkeCAlＧAssafSPhillipsGOFoodhydrocolloidsandhealthclaimsBioactiveCarbohydratesamp DietaryFibre２０１４４(２)１０１mdash

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[４５]KeoghJBLauCWHNoakesMetalEffectsofmealswithhighsolublefibrehighamylosebarleyvariantonglucoseinsulinsatiety

andthermiceffectoffoodinhealthyleanwomenEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００７６１(５)５９７mdash６０４

[４６]HessJRBirkettAMThomasWetalEffectsofshortＧchainfructooligosaccharidesonsatietyresponsesinhealthymenandwomen

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[４７]MattesRDEffectsofacombinationfibersystemonappetiteandenergyintakeinoverweighthumansPhysiologyampBehavior２００７９０

(５)７０５mdash７１１

[４８]BatterhamRLFfytcheDHRosenthalJMetalPYYmodulationofcorticalandhypothalamicbrainareaspredictsfeedingbehaviourin

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humansNature２００７４５０(７１６６)１０６mdash１０９

[４９]AbbottCRMonteiroMSmallCJetalTheinhibitoryeffectsofperipheraladministrationofpeptideYY(３mdash３６)andglucagonＧlike

peptideＧ１onfoodintakeareattenuatedbyablationofthevagalＧbrainstemＧhypothalamicpathwayBrainResearch２００５１０４４(１)１２７mdash

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[５０]BatterhamRLCowleyMASmallCJetalGuthormonePYY(３mdash３６)physiologicallyinhibitsfoodintakeNature２００２４１８(６８９８)

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[５１]HicksonMMossCDhilloWSetalIncreasedpeptideyybloodconcentrationsnotdecreasedacylＧghrelinareassociatedwithreduced

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[５２]DegenLOeschSCasanova MetalEffectofpeptideYY３Ｇ３６onfoodintakeinhumansGastroenterology２００５１２９(５)

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[５４]JuvonenKRSalmenkallioＧMarttilaMLylyMetalSemisolidmealenrichedinoatbrandecreasesplasmaglucoseandinsulinlevelsbut

doesnotchangegastrointestinalpeptideresponsesorshortＧtermappetiteinhealthysubjectsNutrition Metabolism amp Cardiovascular

DiseasesNmcd２０１１２１(９)７４８mdash７５６

[５５]Reimer RAPelletier XCarabinIGetalIncreasedplasma PYYlevelsfollowingsupplementation withthefunctionalfiber

PolyGlycopleXinhealthyadultsEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２０１０６４(１０)１１８６mdash１１９１

[５６]ChaudhriOCSmallBloom SGastrointestinalhormonesregulatingappetitePhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyof

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[５７]HudaMSWildingJPPinkneyJHGutpeptidesandtheregulationofappetiteObesityReviewsAnOfficialJournaloftheInternational

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[５８]CummingsDEOverduinJGastrointestinalregulationoffoodintakeJournalofClinicalInvestigation２００７１１７(１)１３mdash２３

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[６０]BeckEJTapsellLCBatterham MJetalOatbetaＧglucansupplementationdoesnotenhancetheeffectivenessofanenergyＧrestricted

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[６１]KarhunenLJJuvonenKRFlanderSMetalApsylliumfiberＧenrichedmealstronglyattenuatespostprandialgastrointestinalpeptide

releaseinhealthyyoungadultsJournalofNutrition２０１０１４０(４)７３７mdash７４４

[６２]RitzeYHengelhauptCBatilderGetalAlteredintestinalneuroendocrinegeneexpressioninhumanswithobesityObesity２０１５２３(１１)

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[６５]GraafCDBlom WASmeetsPAetalBiomarkersofsatiationandsatietyAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００４７９(６)９４６mdash

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[６６]BurtonfreemanBMKeim NLGlycemicindexcholecystokininsatietyanddisinhibitionisthereanunappreciatedparadoxfor

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[６７]ReynoldsRCFSStockmannKSAtkinsonFSEffectoftheglycemicindexofcarbohydratesondayＧlong (１０h)profilesofplasma

glucoseinsulincholecystokininandghrelinEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００９６３(７)８７２mdash８７５

[６８]DateYGhrelinisagrowthＧhormoneＧreleasingacylatedpeptidefromstomachNature１９９９４０２(６７６２)６５６mdash６６０

[６９]LelyAFVDTschop MHeiman MLetalErratumBiologicalphysiologicalpathophysiologicalandpharmacologicalaspectsof

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５２　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[７２]Stpierre DHetalFiberintakepredictsghrelinlevelsinoverweightandobesepostmenopausalwomenEuropeanJournalof

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[７３]GruendelSRabasaＧLhoretRLavoieMEetalCarobpulppreparationrichininsolubledietaryfiberandpolyphenolsenhanceslipid

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[７４]Gibson GRBeatty ERWang XetalSelectivestimulationofbifidobacteriainthehumancolonbyoligofructoseandinulin

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[７５]TeradaAHaraHMitsuokaTEffectofdietaryalginateonthefaecalmicrobiotaandfaecalmetabolicactivityinhumansMicrobial

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[７７]RamirezfariasCSlezakKFullerZetalEffectofinulinonthehumangutmicrobiotastimulationofBifidobacteriumadolescentisand

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[７８]MartiacutenezIKimJDuffyPRetalResistantstarchestypes２and４havedifferentialeffectsonthecompositionofthefecalmicrobiotain

humansubjectsPlosOne２０１０５(１１)１mdash５

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[８０]DavisLMMartiacutenezIWalterJetalBarcodedpyrosequencingrevealsthatconsumptionofgalactooligosaccharidesresultsinahighly

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[８１]CantarelBLLombardVHenrissatBComplexcarbohydrateutilizationbythehealthyhumanmicrobiomePlosOne２０１２７(６)２mdash

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[８２]HooperLVDanRLMacphersonAJInteractionsbetweenthemicrobiotaandtheimmunesystemScience２０１２３３６(６０８６)１２６８mdash

１２７０

[８３]DuncanSHLouisPThomsonJMetalTheroleofpHindeterminingthespeciescompositionofthehumancolonicmicrobiota

EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００９１１(８)２１１２mdash２１１５

[８４]TurnbaughPJHamadyMYatsunenkoTetalAcoregutmicrobiomeinobeseandleantwinsNature２００９４５７(７２２８)４８０mdash４８４

[８５]YatsunenkoTReyFEManaryMJetalHumangutmicrobiomeviewedacrossageandgeographyNature２０１２４８６(７４０２)２２２mdash

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[８６]MuellerSSaunierKHanischCetalDifferencesinfecalmicrobiotaindifferenteuropeanstudypopulationsinrelationtoagegender

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[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

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[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

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[８９]NeyrinckAMHeacuteeVFVPirontNetalWheatＧderivedarabinoxylanoligosaccharideswithprebioticeffectincreasesatietogenicgut

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[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

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[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

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[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

geneexpressioninpigintestineJournalofNutrition２０１３１４３(３)２７４mdash２８３

[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

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[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

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[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

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roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

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[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

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balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

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[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

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[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

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[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

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[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

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[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

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[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

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[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

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[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

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[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

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[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

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[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

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[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

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[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

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[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

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５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５１　　　

humansNature２００７４５０(７１６６)１０６mdash１０９

[４９]AbbottCRMonteiroMSmallCJetalTheinhibitoryeffectsofperipheraladministrationofpeptideYY(３mdash３６)andglucagonＧlike

peptideＧ１onfoodintakeareattenuatedbyablationofthevagalＧbrainstemＧhypothalamicpathwayBrainResearch２００５１０４４(１)１２７mdash

１３１

[５０]BatterhamRLCowleyMASmallCJetalGuthormonePYY(３mdash３６)physiologicallyinhibitsfoodintakeNature２００２４１８(６８９８)

６５０mdash６５４

[５１]HicksonMMossCDhilloWSetalIncreasedpeptideyybloodconcentrationsnotdecreasedacylＧghrelinareassociatedwithreduced

hungerandfoodintakeinhealthyolderwomenPreliminaryevidenceAppetite２０１６１０５(１)３２０mdash３２７

[５２]DegenLOeschSCasanova MetalEffectofpeptideYY３Ｇ３６onfoodintakeinhumansGastroenterology２００５１２９(５)

１４３０mdash１４３６

[５３]VitaglionePLumagaRBStanzioneAetalβＧGlucanＧenrichedbreadreducesenergyintakeandmodifiesplasmaghrelinandpeptideYY

concentrationsintheshorttermAppetite２００９５３(３)３３８mdash３４４

[５４]JuvonenKRSalmenkallioＧMarttilaMLylyMetalSemisolidmealenrichedinoatbrandecreasesplasmaglucoseandinsulinlevelsbut

doesnotchangegastrointestinalpeptideresponsesorshortＧtermappetiteinhealthysubjectsNutrition Metabolism amp Cardiovascular

DiseasesNmcd２０１１２１(９)７４８mdash７５６

[５５]Reimer RAPelletier XCarabinIGetalIncreasedplasma PYYlevelsfollowingsupplementation withthefunctionalfiber

PolyGlycopleXinhealthyadultsEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２０１０６４(１０)１１８６mdash１１９１

[５６]ChaudhriOCSmallBloom SGastrointestinalhormonesregulatingappetitePhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyof

London２００６３６１(１４７１)１１８７mdash１２０９

[５７]HudaMSWildingJPPinkneyJHGutpeptidesandtheregulationofappetiteObesityReviewsAnOfficialJournaloftheInternational

AssociationfortheStudyofObesity２００６７(２)１６３mdash１６５

[５８]CummingsDEOverduinJGastrointestinalregulationoffoodintakeJournalofClinicalInvestigation２００７１１７(１)１３mdash２３

[５９]NaumlslundEBarkelingBKingNetalEnergyintakeandappetitearesuppressedbyglucagonＧlikepeptideＧ１(GLPＧ１)inobesemen

InternationalJournalofObesityampRelatedMetabolicDisordersJournaloftheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofObesity１９９９２３

(３)３０４mdash３１１

[６０]BeckEJTapsellLCBatterham MJetalOatbetaＧglucansupplementationdoesnotenhancetheeffectivenessofanenergyＧrestricted

dietinoverweightwomenBritishJournalofNutrition２０１０１０３(８)１２１２mdash１２２

[６１]KarhunenLJJuvonenKRFlanderSMetalApsylliumfiberＧenrichedmealstronglyattenuatespostprandialgastrointestinalpeptide

releaseinhealthyyoungadultsJournalofNutrition２０１０１４０(４)７３７mdash７４４

[６２]RitzeYHengelhauptCBatilderGetalAlteredintestinalneuroendocrinegeneexpressioninhumanswithobesityObesity２０１５２３(１１)

２２７８mdash２２８５

[６３]RehfeldJFClinicalendocrinologyandmetabolismcholecystokininBestPracticeamp ResearchClinicalEndocrinologyamp Metabolism

２００４１８(４)５６９mdash５８６

[６４]KopinASMathesWFMcbrideEWetalThecholecystokininmdashAreceptormediatesinhibitionoffoodintakeyetisnotessentialforthe

maintenanceofbodyweightJournalofClinicalInvestigation１９９９１０３(３)３８３mdash９１

[６５]GraafCDBlom WASmeetsPAetalBiomarkersofsatiationandsatietyAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００４７９(６)９４６mdash

９５０

[６６]BurtonfreemanBMKeim NLGlycemicindexcholecystokininsatietyanddisinhibitionisthereanunappreciatedparadoxfor

overweightwomenInternationalJournalofObesity２００８３２(１１)１６４７mdash１６５２

[６７]ReynoldsRCFSStockmannKSAtkinsonFSEffectoftheglycemicindexofcarbohydratesondayＧlong (１０h)profilesofplasma

glucoseinsulincholecystokininandghrelinEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition２００９６３(７)８７２mdash８７５

[６８]DateYGhrelinisagrowthＧhormoneＧreleasingacylatedpeptidefromstomachNature１９９９４０２(６７６２)６５６mdash６６０

[６９]LelyAFVDTschop MHeiman MLetalErratumBiologicalphysiologicalpathophysiologicalandpharmacologicalaspectsof

ghrelinEndocrineReviews２００４２５４２６mdash４５７

[７０]CummingsDEPurnellJQFrayoRSetalApreprandialriseinplasmaghrelinlevelssuggestsaroleinmealinitiationinhumans

Diabetes２００１５０(８)１７１４mdash１７１９

[７１]O1049011DorisioTMetalPlasmaghrelinlevelsafterdietＧinducedweightlossorgastricbypasssurgeryNewEnglandJournalofMedicine

２００２３４６(２１)１６２３mdash１６３０

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５２　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[７２]Stpierre DHetalFiberintakepredictsghrelinlevelsinoverweightandobesepostmenopausalwomenEuropeanJournalof

Endocrinology２００９１６１(１)６５mdash７２

[７３]GruendelSRabasaＧLhoretRLavoieMEetalCarobpulppreparationrichininsolubledietaryfiberandpolyphenolsenhanceslipid

oxidationandlowerspostprandialacylatedghrelininhumansJournalofNutrition２００６１３６(６)１５３３mdash１５３８

[７４]Gibson GRBeatty ERWang XetalSelectivestimulationofbifidobacteriainthehumancolonbyoligofructoseandinulin

Gastroenterology１９９５１０８(４)９７５mdash８２

[７５]TeradaAHaraHMitsuokaTEffectofdietaryalginateonthefaecalmicrobiotaandfaecalmetabolicactivityinhumansMicrobial

EcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９８(６)２５９mdash２６６

[７６]MorelFBOozeerRPiloquetHetalPreweaningmodulationofintestinalmicrobiotabyoligosaccharidesoramoxicillincancontribute

toprogrammingofadultmicrobiotainratsNutrition２０１５３１(３)５１５mdash５２２

[７７]RamirezfariasCSlezakKFullerZetalEffectofinulinonthehumangutmicrobiotastimulationofBifidobacteriumadolescentisand

FaecalibacteriumprausnitziiBritishJournalofNutrition２００９１０１(４)５４１mdash５５０

[７８]MartiacutenezIKimJDuffyPRetalResistantstarchestypes２and４havedifferentialeffectsonthecompositionofthefecalmicrobiotain

humansubjectsPlosOne２０１０５(１１)１mdash５

[７９]EvdokiakMPanopoulouNTurunenKetalPrebioticpotentialofbarleyderivedβＧglucanatlowintakelevelsArandomiseddoubleＧ

blindedplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudyFoodResearchInternational２０１０４３(４)１０８６mdash１０９２

[８０]DavisLMMartiacutenezIWalterJetalBarcodedpyrosequencingrevealsthatconsumptionofgalactooligosaccharidesresultsinahighly

specificbifidogenicresponseinhumansPlosOne２０１１６(９)１mdash４

[８１]CantarelBLLombardVHenrissatBComplexcarbohydrateutilizationbythehealthyhumanmicrobiomePlosOne２０１２７(６)２mdash

４

[８２]HooperLVDanRLMacphersonAJInteractionsbetweenthemicrobiotaandtheimmunesystemScience２０１２３３６(６０８６)１２６８mdash

１２７０

[８３]DuncanSHLouisPThomsonJMetalTheroleofpHindeterminingthespeciescompositionofthehumancolonicmicrobiota

EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００９１１(８)２１１２mdash２１１５

[８４]TurnbaughPJHamadyMYatsunenkoTetalAcoregutmicrobiomeinobeseandleantwinsNature２００９４５７(７２２８)４８０mdash４８４

[８５]YatsunenkoTReyFEManaryMJetalHumangutmicrobiomeviewedacrossageandgeographyNature２０１２４８６(７４０２)２２２mdash

２２４

[８６]MuellerSSaunierKHanischCetalDifferencesinfecalmicrobiotaindifferenteuropeanstudypopulationsinrelationtoagegender

andcountryacrossＧsectionalstudyAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００６７２(２)１０２７mdash１０３３

[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

２６７

[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

andruralafricaProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica２０１０１０７(３３)１４６９１mdash１４６９６

[８９]NeyrinckAMHeacuteeVFVPirontNetalWheatＧderivedarabinoxylanoligosaccharideswithprebioticeffectincreasesatietogenicgut

peptidesandreducemetabolicendotoxemiaindietＧinducedobesemiceNature２０１２２(１)e２８

[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

Journal２０１１５(２)２２０mdash２２５

[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

(１)１mdash１７

[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

geneexpressioninpigintestineJournalofNutrition２０１３１４３(３)２７４mdash２８３

[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

prausnitziicanutilizepectinuronicacidsandhostＧderivedsubstratesforgrowthAppliedampEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１２７８(２)

４２０mdash４２８

[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

JournalofNutrition２００２１３２(７)１９３５mdash１９４４

[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

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SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

Nutrition１９８１１１１(２)２８７mdash２９３

[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

(９)３４０７mdash３４２６

[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

(１)１０１mdash１１３

[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

effectsJournalofAppliedMicrobiology２００７１０２(２)４５２mdash４６０

[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

mucinＧdegradationinhumanizedratsEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１１１３(１０)２６６７mdash２６８０

[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

AnimalNutrition２００７６１(３)２０１mdash２１０

[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

JournalofNutrition１９９８８０(５)４６９mdash４７６

[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

microfloraofhealthyvolunteersmeasuredbyfishanddggeMicrobialEcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９１４(４)２１２mdash２２０

[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

３７５mdash３８０

[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

１９９８１２８(１２８)１１mdash１９

[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

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５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

bullReviewsbull

５２　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

[７２]Stpierre DHetalFiberintakepredictsghrelinlevelsinoverweightandobesepostmenopausalwomenEuropeanJournalof

Endocrinology２００９１６１(１)６５mdash７２

[７３]GruendelSRabasaＧLhoretRLavoieMEetalCarobpulppreparationrichininsolubledietaryfiberandpolyphenolsenhanceslipid

oxidationandlowerspostprandialacylatedghrelininhumansJournalofNutrition２００６１３６(６)１５３３mdash１５３８

[７４]Gibson GRBeatty ERWang XetalSelectivestimulationofbifidobacteriainthehumancolonbyoligofructoseandinulin

Gastroenterology１９９５１０８(４)９７５mdash８２

[７５]TeradaAHaraHMitsuokaTEffectofdietaryalginateonthefaecalmicrobiotaandfaecalmetabolicactivityinhumansMicrobial

EcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９８(６)２５９mdash２６６

[７６]MorelFBOozeerRPiloquetHetalPreweaningmodulationofintestinalmicrobiotabyoligosaccharidesoramoxicillincancontribute

toprogrammingofadultmicrobiotainratsNutrition２０１５３１(３)５１５mdash５２２

[７７]RamirezfariasCSlezakKFullerZetalEffectofinulinonthehumangutmicrobiotastimulationofBifidobacteriumadolescentisand

FaecalibacteriumprausnitziiBritishJournalofNutrition２００９１０１(４)５４１mdash５５０

[７８]MartiacutenezIKimJDuffyPRetalResistantstarchestypes２and４havedifferentialeffectsonthecompositionofthefecalmicrobiotain

humansubjectsPlosOne２０１０５(１１)１mdash５

[７９]EvdokiakMPanopoulouNTurunenKetalPrebioticpotentialofbarleyderivedβＧglucanatlowintakelevelsArandomiseddoubleＧ

blindedplaceboＧcontrolledclinicalstudyFoodResearchInternational２０１０４３(４)１０８６mdash１０９２

[８０]DavisLMMartiacutenezIWalterJetalBarcodedpyrosequencingrevealsthatconsumptionofgalactooligosaccharidesresultsinahighly

specificbifidogenicresponseinhumansPlosOne２０１１６(９)１mdash４

[８１]CantarelBLLombardVHenrissatBComplexcarbohydrateutilizationbythehealthyhumanmicrobiomePlosOne２０１２７(６)２mdash

４

[８２]HooperLVDanRLMacphersonAJInteractionsbetweenthemicrobiotaandtheimmunesystemScience２０１２３３６(６０８６)１２６８mdash

１２７０

[８３]DuncanSHLouisPThomsonJMetalTheroleofpHindeterminingthespeciescompositionofthehumancolonicmicrobiota

EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００９１１(８)２１１２mdash２１１５

[８４]TurnbaughPJHamadyMYatsunenkoTetalAcoregutmicrobiomeinobeseandleantwinsNature２００９４５７(７２２８)４８０mdash４８４

[８５]YatsunenkoTReyFEManaryMJetalHumangutmicrobiomeviewedacrossageandgeographyNature２０１２４８６(７４０２)２２２mdash

２２４

[８６]MuellerSSaunierKHanischCetalDifferencesinfecalmicrobiotaindifferenteuropeanstudypopulationsinrelationtoagegender

andcountryacrossＧsectionalstudyAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００６７２(２)１０２７mdash１０３３

[８７]BiagiECandelaMFairweatherＧTaitSetalAgeingofthehumanmetaorganismthemicrobialcounterpartAge２０１２３４(１)２４７mdash

２６７

[８８]PaolaMDFilippoCDCavalieriDetalImpactofdietinshapinggutmicrobiotarevealedbyacomparativestudyinchildrenfromeurope

andruralafricaProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica２０１０１０７(３３)１４６９１mdash１４６９６

[８９]NeyrinckAMHeacuteeVFVPirontNetalWheatＧderivedarabinoxylanoligosaccharideswithprebioticeffectincreasesatietogenicgut

peptidesandreducemetabolicendotoxemiaindietＧinducedobesemiceNature２０１２２(１)e２８

[９０]ZhaoLThegutmicrobiotaandobesityfromcorrelationtocausalityNatureReviewsMicrobiology２０１３１１(９)６３９mdash６４２

[９１]WalkerAWInceJDuncanSHetalDominantanddietＧresponsivegroupsofbacteriawithinthehumancolonicmicrobiotaIsme

Journal２０１１５(２)２２０mdash２２５

[９２]SajilataMGSinghalRSKulkarniPRResistantstarchmdashareviewComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceamp FoodSafety２００６５

(１)１mdash１７

[９３]HaenenDZhangJSouzadaSilvaZetalAdiethighinresistantstarchmodulatesmicrobiotacompositionSCFAconcentrationsand

geneexpressioninpigintestineJournalofNutrition２０１３１４３(３)２７４mdash２８３

[９４]LopezＧSilesMKhanTMDuncanSHetalCulturedrepresentativesoftwomajorphylogroupsofhumancolonicFaecalibacterium

prausnitziicanutilizepectinuronicacidsandhostＧderivedsubstratesforgrowthAppliedampEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１２７８(２)

４２０mdash４２８

[９５]DongowskiGLorenzAProllJThedegreeofmethylationinfluencesthedegradationofpectinintheintestinaltractofratsandinvitro

JournalofNutrition２００２１３２(７)１９３５mdash１９４４

[９６]LichtTRHansenMBergstroumlmAetalEffectsofapplesandspecificapplecomponentsonthececalenvironmentofconventionalrats

bullReviewsbull

SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

Nutrition１９８１１１１(２)２８７mdash２９３

[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

(９)３４０７mdash３４２６

[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

(１)１０１mdash１１３

[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

effectsJournalofAppliedMicrobiology２００７１０２(２)４５２mdash４６０

[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

mucinＧdegradationinhumanizedratsEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１１１３(１０)２６６７mdash２６８０

[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

AnimalNutrition２００７６１(３)２０１mdash２１０

[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

JournalofNutrition１９９８８０(５)４６９mdash４７６

[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

microfloraofhealthyvolunteersmeasuredbyfishanddggeMicrobialEcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９１４(４)２１２mdash２２０

[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

３７５mdash３８０

[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

１９９８１２８(１２８)１１mdash１９

[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

bullReviewsbull

５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

bullReviewsbull

SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA　　Vol２６No１２０１８ ５３　　　

roleofapplepectinBmcMicrobiology２０１０１０(１)１３mdash１５

[９７]SlavinJLBrauerPMMarlettJANeutraldetergentfiberhemicelluloseandcellulosedigestibilityinhumansubjectsJournalof

Nutrition１９８１１１１(２)２８７mdash２９３

[９８]RobertCBernalierＧDonadilleAThecellulolyticmicrofloraofthehumancolonevidenceofmicrocrystallinecelluloseＧdegradingbacteria

inmethaneＧexcretingsubjectsFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００３４６(１)８１mdash８９

[９９]MontgomeryLIsolationofhumancolonicfibrolyticbacteriaLettersinAppliedMicrobiology１９８８６(３)５５mdash５７

[１００]WedekindKJMansfieldHRMontgomeryLEnumerationandisolationofcellulolyticandhemicellulolyticbacteriafromhumanfeces

Appliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology１９８８５４(６)１５３０mdash１５３５

[１０１]BenDYDassaBBorovokIetalRuminococcalcellulosomesystemsfromrumentohumanEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１５１７

(９)３４０７mdash３４２６

[１０２]ChassardCDelmasERobertCetalThecelluloseＧdegradingmicrobialcommunityofthehumangutvariesaccordingtothepresence

orabsenceofmethanogensFemsMicrobiologyEcology２０１０７４(１)２０５

[１０３]SanchezJIMarzoratiMGrootaertCetalArabinoxylanＧoligosaccharides(AXOS)affecttheproteincarbohydratefermentation

balanceandmicrobialpopulationdynamicsofthesimulatorofhumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemMicrobiaBiotechnology２００９２

(１)１０１mdash１１３

[１０４]GrootaertCVandenAbbeePieterMarzoratiMetalComparisonofprebioticeffectsofarabinoxylanoligosaccharidesandinulinina

simulatorofthehumanintestinalmicrobialecosystemFemsMicrobiologyEcology２００９６９(２)２３１mdash２４２

[１０５]RossiMCorradiniCAmarettiAetalFermentationoffructooligosaccharidesandinulinbybifidobacteriaacomparativestudyof

pureandfecalculturesAppliedamp EnvironmentalMicrobiology２００５７１(１０)６１５０mdash６１５８

[１０６]WieleTVDBoonNPossemiersetalInulinＧtypefructansoflongerdegreeofpolymerizationexertmorepronouncedinvitroprebiotic

effectsJournalofAppliedMicrobiology２００７１０２(２)４５２mdash４６０

[１０７]AbbeelePVDGeacuterardPRabotSetalArabinoxylansandinulindifferentiallymodulatethemucosalandluminalgutmicrobiotaand

mucinＧdegradationinhumanizedratsEnvironmentalMicrobiology２０１１１３(１０)２６６７mdash２６８０

[１０８]JuskiewiczJZduńczykZFrejnagelSCaecalparametersofratsfeddietssupplementedwithinulininexchangeforsucroseArchivesof

AnimalNutrition２００７６１(３)２０１mdash２１０

[１０９]SakaguchiESakodaCToramaruYCaecalfermentationandenergyaccumulationintheratfedonindigestibleoligosaccharidesBritish

JournalofNutrition１９９８８０(５)４６９mdash４７６

[１１０]HarmsenHJMRaangsGCFranksAHetalTheeffectoftheprebioticinulinandtheprobioticbifidobacteriumlongumonthefecal

microfloraofhealthyvolunteersmeasuredbyfishanddggeMicrobialEcologyinHealthamp Disease２００９１４(４)２１２mdash２２０

[１１１]KruseHPBKleessenBlautMEffectsofinulinonfaecalbifidobacteriainhumansubjectsBritishJournalofNutrition１９９９８２(５)

３７５mdash３８０

[１１２]RoberfroidMBVanLooJAGibsonGRThebifidogenicnatureofchicoryinulinanditshydrolysisproductsJournalofNutrition

１９９８１２８(１２８)１１mdash１９

[１１４]SchwiertzAHoldGLDuncanSHetalAnaerostipescaccaegennovspnovanewsaccharolyticacetateＧutilisingbutyrateＧ

producingbacteriumfromhumanfaecesSystematicamp AppliedMicrobiology２００２２５(１)４６mdash５１

[１１５]DuncanSHHoldGLBarcenillaAetalRoseburiaintestinalisspnovanovelsaccharolyticbutyrateＧproducingbacteriumfrom

humanfaecesInternationalJournalofSystematicamp EvolutionaryMicrobiology２００２５２(５)１６１５mdash１６２０

[１１６]GilbertHJThebiochemistryandstructuralbiologyofplantcellwalldeconstructionPlantPhysiology２０１０１５３(２)４４４mdash４５５

[１１７]MohnenDPectinstructureandbiosynthesisCurrentOpinioninPlantBiology２００８１１(３)２６６mdash２７７

[１１８]PedrolliDBMonteiroACGomesEetalPectinandpectinasesproductioncharacterizationandindustrialapplicationofmicrobial

pectinolyticenzymesOpenBiotechnologyJournal２００９３(１)９mdash１８

[１１９]AzadiPO1049011Neill MABergmann CetalThebackboneofthepecticpolysacchariderhamnogalacturonanIiscleavedbyan

endohydrolaseandanendolyaseGlycobiology１９９５５(８)７８３mdash１９１

[１２０]MoslashlgaardAKauppinenSLarsenSRhamnogalacturonanacetylesteraseelucidatesthestructureandfunctionofanewfamilyof

hydrolasesStructure２０００８(４)３７３mdash３８０

[１２１]WongDEnzymaticdeconstructionofbackbonestructuresoftheramifiedregionsinpectinsProteinJournal２００８２７(１)３０mdash４２

[１２２]SuberkroppKPectinＧdegradingenzymespolygalacturonaseandpectinlyaseNetherlandsSpringer２００５２６７mdash２７１

[１２３]ZerilloMMAdhikariBNHamiltonJPetalCarbohydrateＧactiveenzymesinpythiumandtheirroleinplantcellwallandstorage

bullReviewsbull

５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances

bullReviewsbull

５４　　　 Vol２６No１２０１８　　SCIENCEFOUNDATIONINCHINA

polysaccharidedegradationPlosOne２０１３８(９)e７２５７２

[１２４]DoddDMackieRICannIKOXylandegradationametabolicpropertysharedbyrumenandhumancolonicBacteroidetesMolecular

Microbiology２０１１７９(２)２９２mdash３０４[１２５]GidleyMReidJSGGalactomannansandothercellwallstoragepolysaccharidesinseedsFoodPolysaccharidesandTheirApplications

CRCPress２００６[１２６]KatoKMatsudaKStudiesonthechemicalstructureofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnology amp Biochemistry１９６９３６(４)

６３９mdash６４４[１２７]MaekajiKDeterminationofacidiccomponentofkonjacmannanBioscienceBiotechnologyampBiochemistry１９７８４２(１)１７７mdash１７８[１２８]WolfMGecziASimonOetalGenesencodingxylanandbetaＧglucanhydrolysingenzymesinBacillussubtilischaracterization

mappingandconstructionofstrainsdeficientinlichenasecellulaseandxylanaseMicrobiology１９９５１４１(Pt２)(２)２８１[１２９]PawelGAdam WEffectofthermochemicaltreatmentonthestructureofinulinanditsgellingpropertiesInternationalJournalofFood

Scienceamp Technology２００８４３(１１)２０７５mdash２０８２[１３０]UchiyamaTMetabolisminmicroorganismsPartIIBiosynthesisandDegradationofFructansby MicrobialEnzymesOtherThan

LevansucraseCRCPress１９９３[１３１]ColleacutenPNLemoineMDaniellouRetalEnzymaticdegradationofκＧcarrageenaninaqueoussolutionBiomacromolecules２００９１０

(７)１７５７mdash１７６７[１３２]WongTYAndLAPSchillerNLAlginatelyasereviewofmajorsourcesandenzymecharacteristicsstructureＧfunctionanalysis

biologicalrolesandapplicationsAnnualReviewofMicrobiology２０００５４(１)２８９mdash３４０[１３３]HamcerencuMDesbrieresJPopaMetalNewunsaturatedderivativesofxanthangumSynthesisandcharacterizationPolymer

２００７４８(７)１９２１mdash１９２９[１３４]RazaviSMAAlghoonehABehrouzianFThermoＧrheologyandthermodynamicanalysisofbinarybiopolymerblendAcasestudyon

sageseedgumＧxanthangumblendsFoodHydrocolloids２０１８７７３０７mdash３２１[１３５]BourbonAIPinheiroACRibeiroCetalCharacterizationofgalactomannansextractedfromseedsofgleditsiatriacanthosandsophora

japonicathroughshearandextensionalrheologyComparisonwithguargumandlocustbeangumFoodHydrocolloids２０１０２４(２３)

１８４mdash１９２[１３６]Garcia RBAndradeCTEvidenceofinteractionbetweenagaroseandguargumfrom changesinnetworkresponsetosolvent

pertubationCarbohydratePolymers１９９７３４(３)１５７mdash１６３[１３７]BrazLGrenhaACorvoMCetalSynthesisandcharacterizationoflocustbeangumderivativesandtheirapplicationintheproduction

ofnanoparticlesCarbohydratePolymers２０１８１８１(１)９７４mdash９８５[１３８]HigiroJHerald TJAlaviSRheologicalstudyofxanthanandlocustbeanguminteractionindilutesolutionFoodResearch

International２００６３９(２)１６５mdash１７５

LiBin

LiBinisaprofessoratHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityChinaandis

anexecutive vice director ofthe Key Laboratory of Environment

CorrelativeDietologyMinistryofEducationfromthesameuniversity

HeisawinnerofEducationMinistry1049011sNewCenturyExcellentTalents

SupportingPlanHereceived his PhDinfoodsciencein ２００２ at

HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityHismainscientificinterestsinclude

theinteractionbetweenfoodcolloidsＧfoodfunctionalcompoundsfood

colloidsＧfoodcolloidsandfoodcolloidsＧsmallmoleculesdevotingtothe

developmentofnewfunctionalfoodingredientsAdditionallyhefocuses

onrevealingthekeylinksthatinfluenceandcontrolthefoodqualityandnutritionandprovidingnew

ideasnewtechnologiesandnewmethodsforsustainedreleasecarriersofbioactivesubstances