ArchimedesArchimedes287 B.C. – 212 B.C.287 B.C. – 212 B.C.

Famous Quotes….Famous Quotes….

““Give me a spot where I can stand Give me a spot where I can stand and I shall move the earth.”and I shall move the earth.”

““Eureka! Eureka! I have found it!” Eureka! Eureka! I have found it!”

Mini PlanitariumMini Planitarium

Archimedes created a mini Archimedes created a mini planetarium that was planetarium that was

mechanical and showed the mechanical and showed the motions of the sun, moon, motions of the sun, moon,

and planets as viewed from and planets as viewed from the earth. the earth.

Mini PlanitariumMini Planitarium

Contributions:Contributions:

AstronomyAstronomy

Archimedes’ ScrewArchimedes’ Screw

Archimedes’ ScrewArchimedes’ ScrewThe purpose is to move water The purpose is to move water uphill to help with irrigation.uphill to help with irrigation.

Contributions:Contributions:Crop irrigation and drainage/farming Crop irrigation and drainage/farming practicespractices

Remove water from ships so they Remove water from ships so they would not sink (mechanical water would not sink (mechanical water pump)pump)

Move sludgeMove sludge

Sewage plants (many substations send Sewage plants (many substations send to main treatment plant)to main treatment plant)

The Law of Hydrostatic The Law of Hydrostatic or the Archimedes’ Principleor the Archimedes’ Principle

What Archimedes stated:What Archimedes stated:

““Any solid lighter than a fluid will, if placed in a fluid, Any solid lighter than a fluid will, if placed in a fluid, be so far immersed that the weight of the solid will be be so far immersed that the weight of the solid will be

equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.”equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.”

““A solid heavier than a fluid will, if placed in it, A solid heavier than a fluid will, if placed in it, descend to the bottom of the fluid, and the solid will, descend to the bottom of the fluid, and the solid will,

when weighed in the fluid, be lighter than its true when weighed in the fluid, be lighter than its true weight by the weight of the fluid displaced.”weight by the weight of the fluid displaced.”

Hydrostatics: BuoyancyHydrostatics: Buoyancy

Contribution to science?Contribution to science?

Maritime architectureMaritime architecture

Simple Machines:Simple Machines:Law of the LeverLaw of the Lever

He was not the first to use the He was not the first to use the lever but he showed that the lever but he showed that the

movement of the fulcrum movement of the fulcrum influences equilibrium.influences equilibrium.

Simple Machines:Simple Machines:Law of the LeverLaw of the Lever

Law of the Lever – the closer the Law of the Lever – the closer the lever is to the fulcrum, the easier it is lever is to the fulcrum, the easier it is

to move an objectto move an object

The pulley and the leverThe pulley and the lever

Contributions:Contributions:Applied mechanics – moving Applied mechanics – moving from physical science theory from physical science theory to technology and it is used to to technology and it is used to explain the effects of items explain the effects of items when force is applied when force is applied

(example: engineering)(example: engineering)

Weapons of WarWeapons of War

CatipultCatipult

Death RayDeath Ray

Death RayDeath Ray

MythBusters and MITMythBusters and MIT

Claw of ArchimedesClaw of Archimedes

Claw of Archimedes Claw of Archimedes (A different interpretation)(A different interpretation)

Contributions:Contributions:National DefenseNational Defense

Simple machinesSimple machines

Contributed to MathContributed to MathPi - Used a 96 sided polygon Pi - Used a 96 sided polygon to determine that the value of to determine that the value of pi was between 3 pi was between 3 10/7110/71 and 3 and 3 1/71/7..

Contributed to MathContributed to MathApproximating the area of a circleApproximating the area of a circle

He found the area of a circle by finding He found the area of a circle by finding the area of smaller rectangles and the area of smaller rectangles and adding them together. adding them together.

This is termed the “This is termed the “method of method of exhaustionexhaustion” and led to ” and led to integral integral calculuscalculus, which is the study of the area , which is the study of the area figures and on the volumes of solids. figures and on the volumes of solids.

Sand-ReckonerSand-ReckonerArchimedes said that he could Archimedes said that he could create a number, greater than create a number, greater than the grains of sand that would the grains of sand that would

be required to fill the be required to fill the universe.universe.

He estimated that the number He estimated that the number would be larger than 10would be larger than 106363

grains of sand.grains of sand.

Contributions:Contributions:Estimated the size of the Estimated the size of the universeuniverse

Using smaller and easy to Using smaller and easy to manipulate numbers when the manipulate numbers when the data is largedata is large

101063 63 grains of sandgrains of sandLed to logarithms which were Led to logarithms which were invented by John Napier in the early invented by John Napier in the early 1600’s1600’sScientific notation? 1.5 x 10Scientific notation? 1.5 x 101010

Contributed to MathContributed to MathSpiral of Archimedes – study Spiral of Archimedes – study of polar coordinates which is of polar coordinates which is used in air traffic control.used in air traffic control.

StomacionStomacion

StomacionStomacion

This is similar to the tangram This is similar to the tangram puzzle and the object is to puzzle and the object is to

either create pictures with the either create pictures with the puzzle pieces or put it puzzle pieces or put it

together in its original form.together in its original form.

SourcesSourcesBoyer, Carl. Boyer, Carl. A History of MathematicsA History of Mathematics. John Willey & . John Willey & Sons, Inc. New York, NY. 1991.Sons, Inc. New York, NY. 1991.

Struk, Dirk. A Concise History of Mathematics. Dover Struk, Dirk. A Concise History of Mathematics. Dover Publications, Inc. New York, NY. 1987.Publications, Inc. New York, NY. 1987.

http://www.lycos.com/info/archimedes--archimedes-schttp://www.lycos.com/info/archimedes--archimedes-screw.htmlrew.html

http://engineering.union.edu/SeniorProjects/2004.ME/http://engineering.union.edu/SeniorProjects/2004.ME/donovam2/stuff/modernarch.htmdonovam2/stuff/modernarch.htm

http://www.answers.com/topic/applied-mechanicshttp://www.answers.com/topic/applied-mechanics

http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Spherhttp://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Sphere/SphereIntro.htmle/SphereIntro.html