Arch Hist 1 - Ptolemic Period 5

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PTOLEMAIC PERIOD


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PTOLEMAIC PERIOD


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INTRODUCTION

The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Hellenistic royalfamily that ruled over Egypt for nearly 300 years,from 305 BC to 30 BC. Ptolemy, a Macedonian and

one of Alexander the Great's generals, wasappointed satrap (a Persian title for the ruler of

Egypt) after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later

known as "Soter" (saviour). The Egyptians soonaccepted the Ptolemies as the successors to thepharaohs of independent Egypt. Ptolemy's family

ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC.


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PTOLEMIC EMPIRE


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GEOGRAPHY

Egypt consists of a narrow strip of fertile, allurialsoil along both banks of the Nile, flanked byshelves of barren land and ragged cliffs beyondwhich lie arid desert plateaux. The Nile was a

trade route to Eastern and Western foreign tradeand because of its overflowing and fertilizingwaters made desert sands into fruitful fields.


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GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Stone is abundant in Egypt in quantity andvariety. This were used in buildings and forvases and personal ornaments. As the

country was poor in metals for building, thekinds of stones were limestones, sandstone,alabaster and hard stone such as granite,quartite, and basalt.


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GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

The gigantic scale which distinguishes Egyptianarchitecture was made possible not only by thematerials but also by the methods of quarrying,transporting and raising enormous blocks of

stones into position. Cedar and other woods were imported. Palm

leaves, reeds and rushes are used to frame orreinforce mudbrick constructions or as mats forsuch as panels partitions and fences had a greatand permanent influence on the form andcharacter of stone architecture.


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CLIMATE Egypt has only two seasons: spring and

summer.

Climate is warm, snow is unknown, rain israre, and thus, contributed to the

preservation of buildings. Simplicity of design is conduced by the

brilliant sunshine; or as sufficient lightreached the interior of temples throughdoors and roof slits.


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RELIGIOUS PRACTICES

The religious practice rite of theEgyptians were traditional. The keynoteof Egyptian religion was that of awe andsubmission to the great powerrepresented by the sun while the chiefworship was of OSIRIS, the man-godwho died and rose again, the god of

death, and through death of resurrectionto eternal life.


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SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Egyptian civilization is among the mostancient social and industrial conditions.

Craftsmanship was very highly

developed. Kings of Ancient Egypt are known as

Pharaohs. Sometimes they appear asgods and demi-gods often as mystery

priests.


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CHARACTERISTICS

The primitive architecture in the valley of the Nileconsisted of readily-available a tractable materialslike reeds, papyrus and palm-branch ribs,plastered over with clay. With bundles of stemsplaced vertically side by side and lashed to a

bundle placed horizontally near the top walls orfences could be made.

The pressure of the flat reed-and-mud roofsagainst the tops of wall reeds may have produced

the characteristic Egyptian gorge cornice.


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CHARACTERISTICS Limited tree growth prevented much use of wood as building

material Ceramic art was developed because of clay deposited by the

Nile

Sun-dried and kiln-dried bricks were used extensively

Sandstone, limestone and granite were there for obelisks,sculpture and decorative uses

Flatly modeled surface decoration of granite buildings camefrom past mud wall ornamentation

Post-and-lintel construction was developed; the type used in

the Egyptians monumental buildings Walls were immensely thick


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CHARACTERISTICS Roofs were customarily flat, suited for the lack of rain and

were made of huge stone blocks supported by the externalwalls and closely spaced columns

Sloping exterior walls were covered with hieroglyphic andpictorial carvings as well as their columns and piers

Egyptian ornaments are often symbolic such as the scarab,the solar disk and the vulture

Hieroglyphics were for decoration and records of historicevents

Sculptors had the highest capacity for putting togetherornamentation and essential forms of buildings

They developed motifs from natural objects such as palmleaves. The papyrus plant and the buds and flowers of thelotus


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PROMINENTPERSONALITIES

Ptolemy I, perhaps with advice fromDemetrius of Phalerum, founded theMuseum and Library of Alexandria. It was

located in the royal sector of the city. theLibrary held close to fifty thousand books
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_of_Phalerumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_of_Phalerum


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BUILDINGS BUILT

Many Egyptian temples were rebuilt, repairedand built as new during the Ptolemaicperiod like the:

Dendera the main temple dedicated to

the goddess Hathor Edfu the temple of Horus

Esna the Greco-Roman temple of Khnum

Kom Ombo temples dedicated to the

deities Sobek and Haroeris Philae the temple of Isis


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BUILDINGS BUILTPalaces

At Memphis substantial parts of a palacebuilding have survived. The palace wasbuilt on a platform, like some other

Egyptian and Near Eastern palacebuildings. Most of the walls are constructedin mud-brick, while important elementssuch as columns, pavements and wall

cladding (at least to a certain height) aremade in limestone.


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BUILDINGS BUILTTemples

From many Late Period temples only themud brick built enclosure walls survived;probably most cult centers were provided

with very thick enclosure walls at this time.The temples themselves have generallybeen stripped of most of their stone, oftenleaving only hard stone elements such as

door-jambs and monolithic shrines.


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BUILDINGS BUILTPlatforms

A feature of many monumental buildingsduring this period is huge platforms onwhich the main structures were placed.

Typically there are casemates in theseplatforms, to give them higher stability:they should not be confused with rooms.Platforms are found in connection with

palace buildings and fortresses built intotemple complexes.


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BUILDINGS BUILT

The Temple of Edfu


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SAMPLE PICTURES OF PTOLEMIC STRUCTURES


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SAMPLE PICTURES OF PTOLEMIC STRUCTURES


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THANK YOU

SUBMITTED BY:

ARCIETE, IVANNE TONI

ARMECIN, CHENNEY MAE

BONGHANOY, REIMER KEN

MATUNOG, CARMEL ANGELI

ORILLO, KURT JOSEPH

SESANTE, SENTRA

SUBMITTED TO:

ARCHT SOLIS

Arch Hist 1 - Ptolemic Period 5

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