Aquaculture growth potential in Nepal

Aquaculture growth potential in

Nepal

WAPI factsheet to facilitate evidence-based policy-making and sector management in aquaculture

March 2021

Preparation of this factsheet

This factsheet provides data and information to facilitate the assessment of aquaculture growth potential in Nepal. It relies on official data and statistics readily available to the public. Some important dimensions such as aquaculture’s contribution to GDP and employment are not evaluated due to the lack of data.

Analyses in the factsheet are based on official data and statistics published by FAO and other international or national organizations. The data and statistics may differ from data and statistics used in other WAPI factsheets because of different data sources or different versions of the same datasets. They may not be consistent with data and statistics from other sources (e.g.national statistics).

The term “country” used in this factsheet includes non-sovereign territory. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Unless noted otherwise, country grouping in this factsheet follows the United Nations M49 standard; under which Nepal is a country in Developing Regions (as opposed to Developed Regions), Asia and the sub-region of Southern Asia. Nepal is one of the Landlocked Developing Countries.

The preparation of the factsheet has benefited from tables and charts generated by various World Aquaculture Performance Indicator (WAPI) modules. Most of these data analysis tools are for FAO internal use, yet some of them are available for test use. See Slide 76 or visit the WAPI webpage for more information about WAPI information and knowledge products.

The factsheet was prepared by Junning Cai, Giulia Galli and Xiaowei Zhou. Technical support from Binod Saha and Paridhi Pathak is acknowledged. The validity and relevance of the results depend on the quality (in terms of timeliness and accuracy) of the underlying data and statistics used in the analyses – see some remarks on data and statistics in Slide 3. Errors could also occur in the analyses despite our efforts to minimize them. Please let us know if you have any concern.

Contact: Junning Cai (FAO Aquaculture Officer); [email protected]; [email protected].

2

https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/

http://www.fao.org/3/ca8184en/ca8184en.pdf


http://www.fao.org/3/cb3830en/cb3830en.pdf

http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/wapi/en

mailto:[email protected]


Remarks on FAO aquaculture statistical data – Nepal

FAO aquaculture statistics are based on data submitted by member countries. When there is a lack of data formally reported by a country, FAO usually estimate the country’s aquaculture production based on data and information from alternative sources or rely on relatively conservative estimation methods when alternative data sources are not readily available.

While many countries lack a national statistics system for collection of aquaculture production data on a regular basis for dissemination and for reporting to FAO, Nepal is among the 25 countries or territories in Asia that reported aquaculture production data to FAO in all the five years during 2013–2017.

Generally speaking from a global perspective, there is an urgent need for national capacity development in aquaculture statistics system at several levels, including (i) the legal status, institutionalization and resource allocation; (ii) development of national statistical standards in line with international standards; (iii) adequate and stable staffing plus an effective mechanism for data collection, compilation, storage, dissemination and reporting.

For further information about FAO statistics on aquaculture production, contact: Xiaowei Zhou (FAO Aquaculture Officer (Statistics); [email protected]).

3



Species grouping

In this factsheet, “fish” is used as a general term for convenience. When it is necessary to define the scope of a species group for a specific quantitative measure, the following definitions are used:

Aquatic products = Fish & seafood + Miscellaneous aquatic animal products + Aquatic plants

Fish & seafood = Finfish + Shellfish + Miscellaneous aquatic animals.

Finfish = Marine fishes + Diadromous fishes + Freshwater fishes

Shellfish = Crustaceans + Molluscs

Molluscs = Shell molluscs (i.e. molluscs excluding cephalopods) + Cephalopods

4

Contents

5

Preparation of this factsheet…………............2

Remarks on aquaculture statistics…..….......3

Species grouping…………..….....…....…..........4

Highlights………………..…………….................6

Geo-location, natural resources, population

and income...............................................…8

Food security, nutrition and health...........13

Contribution of fish to food and nutrition..18

Domestic fish market (fish consumption)…24

Fish trade…………………………………………...29

Fish export.........................................33

Fish import……………………………….....38

Total fishery production.……………………….45

Capture fisheries production………………….49

Aquaculture production.……………………..…54

Outlook………………………………………………63

Further Reading…………………………………..68

Highlights (I)

6

Status and trends

Aquaculture’s contribution to Nepal’s growing total fishery production increased from 47.7 percent in 2000 to 72.8 percent in 2018. The 7.9 percent annual growth rate between 2000 and 2018 was greater than aquaculture’s growth rates in Asia, Southern Asia, and the world, yet lower than the Landlocked Developing Countries average (slides 55-56).

The 59 000 tonnes of aquaculture production in 2018 comprised eleven species items under four species groups, with the species group of carps/barbels/other cyprinids dominating the production both in terms of quantity and value (slides 59-62).

Supply-side perspective

Nepal’s 0.05 percent share of world aquaculture production tonnage in 2018 was much smaller than its 0.37 percent share in world population. The country’s 0.11 percent share in world inland aquaculture production was greater than its 0.01 percent share in world surface area of inland waterbodies, yet smaller than its 0.38 percent share in world renewable water resources (slides 9-10; slide 67)

Nepal was the 7th largest capture fisheries country in Southern Asia in 2018; the 1.56 percent annual growth rate between 2000 and 2018 was higher than the world and Asian averages, yet lower than the Landlocked Developing Countries and Southern Asian averages. Nepal’s 22 070 tonnes of capture fisheries production in 2018 comprised freshwater fishes only (slides 50-53).

Since the late 1990s, Nepal increased its food fish supply from both domestic sources and food fish import. In 2017, 88.9 percent of total fish supply came from domestic sources and 11.1 percent from net food fish import (slides 22-23).

Nepal’s growing fish trade deficit (USD 14.153 million in 2018) was a common trend in Landlocked Developing Countries (total USD 310.822 million deficit in 2018) (slides 30-32).

http://www.fao.org/3/cb3830en/cb3830en.pdf

Highlights (II)

7

Demand-side perspective

Nepal is a low-income, mostly rural economy with a relatively small yet growing population (slides 9-12; slides 64-65). Undernourishment and obesity were low, but the prevalence of severe food insecurity, children of 5 years of age stunted, and anaemia among women of reproductive age were higher than the regional and world averages (slide 14). Nepal’s per capita protein intake in 2017 was lower than the world average (slide 16); so was its per capita animal protein intake (slide 20), its fish share (slide 21) and the life expectancy of its population (slide 17).

Per capita fish consumption increased from 1.1 kg in 1997 to 3.1 kg in 2017; the 5.6 percent annual growth rate between 1997 and 2017 was higher than the world and regional averages. Finfish (91.8 percent freshwater and diadromous fishes) accounted for the entire consumption (slides 25-28).

The country’s increasing aquatic import, amounting to USD 14.166 million in 2018, included marine fishes, freshwater fishes and salmons/trouts/smelts as the main species groups (slides 39-44).

If Nepal would like to increase its per capita fish consumption to the Landlocked Developing Countries average (i.e. 4.61 kg), its total fish demand would increase by 65 754 tonnes between 2018 and 2030. Nepal’s aquaculture production would need to grow 5.9 percent a year during 2018-2030 to satisfy the demand growth (slide 66).

Geo-location, natural resources, population and income

Nepal (2018): 0.05 percent of world aquaculture production; 0.37 percent of world population; a low income country (9.21 percent of world average GDP per capita).

9

Status of aquaculture production, population and GDP, 2018

Country/area

Aquaculture production (2018)1 Population (2018)2 GDP per capita (2018)3

TonnesShare of world

total (%)Million

Share of world

total (%)Current USD

Ratio to world

average (%)

World 114 508 042 100.00 7 631 100.00 11 222 100.00

Landlocked Developing Countries 446 448 0.39 509 6.67 1 549 13.81

Asia 105 077 051 91.76 4 561 59.76 6 972 62.13

Southern Asia 10 173 614 8.88 1 896 24.84 2 064 18.39

Nepal + other countries in Southern Asia

Afghanistan 7 950 0.0069 37.2 0.49 528 4.71

Bangladesh 2 405 416 2.1007 161.4 2.11 1 787 15.93

Bhutan 224 0.0002 0.8 0.01 3 420 30.48

India 7 071 302 6.1754 1,352.6 17.73 2 010 17.91

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 439 718 0.3840 81.8 1.07 5 454 48.60

Maldives n.a. n.a. 0.5 0.01 10 336 92.10

Nepal 59 000 0.0515 28.1 0.37 1 034 9.21

Pakistan 159 083 0.1389 212.2 2.78 1 482 13.21

Sri Lanka 30 921 0.0270 21.2 0.28 4 188 37.32 Data sources: 1. FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ). 2. UN World Population Prospects (2019 Revision). 3. Total GDP

from IMF World Economic Outlook Database (October 2019) divided by population from UN World Population Prospects (2019 Revision).

Notes: N.a. = not available. Country grouping based on UN-OHRLLS and UN M49 standard.

Nepal (mid-2010s): 0.11 percent of world land area (including inland water surface area); 0.01 percent of world inland water surface area; 0.38 percent of world total renewable water resources.

10

Land and water resources

Country/area

Total country area

(excluding coastal waters;

2013-17)1

Surface area of

inland waterbodies (2015)2 Coastline length (2019)3 Total renewable

water resources (2013-17)1

km2

Share of

world total

(%)

km2

Share of

world total

(%)

km

Share of

world total

(%)

Billion

m3/year

Share of

world total

(%)

World 134 108 230 100.00 3 434 349 100.00 805 942 100.00 54 737 100.00

Landlocked Developing Countries 16 946 350 12.64 504 329 14.69 n.a. n.a. 2 746 5.02

Asia 31 978 947 23.85 760 126 22.13 n.a. n.a. 14 442 26.38

Southern Asia 6 880 480 5.13 131 637 3.83 n.a. n.a. 3 928 7.18


Afghanistan 652 860 0.49 641 0.02 0 - 65 0.12

Bangladesh 147 630 0.11 11 382 0.33 580 0.07 1 227 2.24

Bhutan 38 390 0.03 11 - 0 - 78 0.14

India 3 287 260 2.45 49 405 1.44 7 000 0.87 1 911 3.49

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1 745 150 1.30 62 670 1.83 2 440 0.30 137 0.25

Maldives 300 0.00 139 0.00 644 0.08 0 0.00

Nepal 147 180 0.11 300 0.01 0 - 210 0.38

Pakistan 796 100 0.59 5 313 0.16 1 046 0.13 247 0.45

Sri Lanka 65 610 0.05 1 776 0.05 1 340 0.17 53 0.10

Data sources: 1. FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Main Database – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Website accessed on 16 May 2019. 2. FAOSTAT Land

Cover database (updated June 2019; CCI_LC ). 3. The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States of America. Web accessed on 20 May 2019. Coastline

length of world equal to the sum of coastline length of 265 countries and territories listed in the data source.

Notes: N.a. = not available.

11

Population prospects in

Nepal (2018 versus 2030):

Relatively small population

compared to other countries in

Southern Asia.

Population expected to

increase from 28 million in

2018 to 33 million in 2030.

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision).

37

161

0.75

1 353

82

0.516

28

212

21

48

179

0.84

1 504

93

0.519

33

263

22

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Maldives

Nepal

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

To

tal p

op

ula

tio

n (m

illio

n)

Population prospects in Southern Asia

2018 2030

Demographic features in

Nepal (2015–2030):

Population expected to

increase by 6 million between

2015 and 2030.

Urban ratio of total population

expected to increase from

18.56 percent to

25.35 percent.

Female ratio of total

population expected to slightly

decline to 52.38 percent.

12

Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population). United Nations World Urbanization Prospects (2018 revision; https://population.un.org/wup).

54.11 54.19 52.66 52.38

18.56 20.58 22.84 25.35

27 29

32 33

2015 2020 2025 2030

Nepal

Percentage of females (%) Percentage of urban population (%) Total population (million)

https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population

https://population.un.org/wup

Food security, nutrition

and health

Data source: FAOSTAT – Suite of Food Security Indicators (updated on 6 August 2020; www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS).

Food security and nutrition status in

Nepal (mid-2010s):

Undernourishment:

6.1 percent of total population undernourished,

lower than the world, regional and sub-regional

averages.

Severe food insecurity:

10.3 percent of total population facing severe

food insecurity, higher than the world and

regional average yet lower than sub-regional

averages.

Children stunted:

36 percent of children under 5 years of age

stunted, higher than the world, regional and

sub-regional averages.

Obesity:

4.1 percent of adult population obese, lower

than the world, regional and sub-regional

averages.

Anaemia:

35.1 percent of reproductive-age women

anaemic, lower than the regional and sub-

regional averages, yet higher than the world.

14

Nepal, 6.1

Nepal, 10.3

Nepal, 36.0

Nepal, 4.1

Nepal, 35.1

Southern Asia, 13.4

Southern Asia, 16.0

Southern Asia, 34.3

Southern Asia, 5.4

Southern Asia, 48.7

Asia, 8.3

Asia, 8.6

Asia, 23.7

Asia, 7.3

Asia, 36.6

World, 8.8

World, 9.2

World, 22.6

World, 13.1

World, 32.8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Prevalence ofundernourishment (%; 2017-

2019)

Prevalence of severe foodinsecurity in the total

population (%, 2017-2019)

Percentage of children under5 years of age who are

stunted (%; 2016)

Prevalence of obesity in theadult population (18 years

and older; %; 2016)

Prevalence of anaemiaamong women of

reproductive age (15-49years; %; 2016)

Food security and nutrition status in Nepal

http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS

Per capita protein intake in


Per capita total protein intake

increased from 54.3 g/day to

69.2 g/day between 1993 and

2013.

The share of animal protein in

total protein intake slightly

increased from 15.9 percent to

16.6 percent.

The share of fish and seafood

slightly increased from 0.5

percent to 0.9 percent.

15

Data source: FAOSTAT Food Balances 1961-2013 (accessed in January 2018; www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH). The recently published FAOSTAT New Food Balances data (2014–2017; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS) not used in this factsheet because they are still preliminary data yet to be harmonized with the older data (1961–2013).

Vegetal products

83.4%

Animal products

16.6%

Cereals56.7%

Pulses & oilcrops10.9%

Vegetables & fruits

7.7%

Other vegetal

products8.1%

Meat6.0%

Milk & eggs8.2%

Fish & seafood0.9%

Other animal products1.5%

Nepal (2013)

Total protein intake (2013):

69.2 g/capita/day

Vegetal products

84.1%

Animal products

15.9%

Cereals67.5%

Pulses & oilcrops

6.5%

Vegetables & fruits

5.1%

Other vegetal

products5.0%

Meat6.2%

Milk & eggs7.6%

Fish & seafood0.5%


Nepal (1993)


54.3 g/capita/day

http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH

http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS

Per capita protein intake in Nepal (2017): The 73.7 g/day of per capita protein intake was higher than the

Landlocked Developing Countries average (69.9 g/day) yet lower than the world average (82.8 g/day). Both

animal protein share (17.2 percent) and fish share (1.1 percent) were lower than the world and Landlocked

Developing Countries averages.

16

Data source: FAOSTAT New Food Balances (accessed in September 2020; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS).

Vegetal products

75.4%

Animal products

24.6%

Cereals49.7%


Vegetables & fruits

4.6%

Other vegetal products

5.9%

Meat10.7%

Milk & eggs10.3%

Fish & seafood1.9%


Landlocked Developing Countries (2017)


69.9 g/capita/day

Vegetal products

82.8%

Animal products

17.2%

Cereals56.1%


Vegetables & fruits

8.2%


8.0%

Meat6.3%

Milk & eggs8.3%

Fish & seafood1.1%


Nepal (2017)


73.7 g/capita/day

Vegetal products

60.4%

Animal products

39.6%

Cereals39.1%

Pulses & oilcrops

8.8%

Vegetables & fruits

7.5%


5.1%

Meat17.4%

Milk & eggs

14.0%

Fish & seafood

6.8%


World (2017)


82.8 g/capita/day


Life expectancy in Nepal

(2018):

Life expectancy at birth for the

total population was 70.5 years,

lower than the world and

regional averages yet slightly

higher than the sub-regional

average.

Life expectancy for female

population (71.9 years) higher

than male population (69 years)

– a general pattern applying to

most countries and areas.

17

Data source: World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), downloaded on 29 May, 2020 (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/#archives); United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population) used to calculate life expectancy at the regional level.

Nepal, 70.5

Nepal, 71.9

Nepal, 69.0

Southern Asia, 69.7

Southern Asia, 71.1

Southern Asia, 68.5

Asia, 73.2

Asia, 75.3

Asia, 71.3

World, 72.6

World, 74.9

World, 70.4

64 66 68 70 72 74 76

Life expectancy at birth,total (years, 2018)

Life expectancy at birth,female (years, 2018)

Life expectancy at birth,male (years, 2018)

Life expectancy in Nepal

http://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/#archives


Contribution of fish to

food and nutrition

Animal protein intake in


Per capita animal protein

intake increased from

8.6 g/day in 1993 to

11.5 g/day in 2013.

The share of fish in animal

protein intake increased from

3 percent to 5.5 percent.

19

Data source: FAOSTAT Food Balances 1961-2013 (accessed in January 2018; www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH). The recently published FAOSTAT New Food Balances data (2014–2017; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS) not used in this factsheet because they are still preliminary data yet to be harmonized with the older data (1961–2013).Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.

Meat36.3%

Milk & eggs49.2%

Fish & seafood

5.5%

Bovine meat22.3%

Pigmeat1.7%

Mutton & goat meat

7.8%

Poultry meat4.5%

Milk45.5%

Eggs3.7%

Finfish5.5%

Others9.0%

Nepal (2013)

Animal protein intake

(2013): 11.5 g/capita/day

Meat39.0%

Milk & eggs47.6%

Fish & seafood

3.0%

Bovine meat27.0% Pigmeat

1.9%

Mutton & goat meat

8.3%

Poultry meat1.9%

Milk44.6%

Eggs3.0%

Finfish3.0%

Others10.4%

Nepal (1993)


(1993): 8.6 g/capita/day

http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH


Animal protein intake in Nepal (2017): 12.7 g/day of per capita animal protein intake, lower than

the Landlocked Developing Countries (17.2 g/day) and world (32.8 g/day) averages. Fish contribution

to animal protein intake (6.6 percent) was lower than the averages in Landlocked Developing Countries

(7.9 percent) and the world (17.1 percent).

20

Meat43.5%

Milk & eggs41.8%

Fish & seafood

7.9%

Bovine meat19.8%

Pigmeat4.3%

Mutton & goat meat

8.5%

Poultry meat7.7%

Other meat3.2%

Milk37.7%

Eggs4.1%

Finfish7.9%

Others6.8%



(2017):17.2

g/capita/day

Meat36.6%

Milk & eggs48.4%

Fish & seafood

6.6%

Bovine meat21.2%

Pigmeat2.1%

Mutton & goat meat

8.1%

Poultry meat5.3%

Milk43.8%

Eggs4.6%

Finfish6.6%

Others8.4%

Nepal (2017)


(2017):12.7

g/capita/day

Meat43.9%

Milk & eggs35.2%

Fish & seafood17.1%

Bovine meat10.5%

Pigmeat13.9%

Mutton & goat meat

2.1%

Poultry meat16.0%

Other meat1.3%

Milk26.0%

Eggs9.2%

Finfish14.4%

Shellfish2.7%

Miscellaneous aquatic animals

0.1%

Others3.8%

World (2017)


(2017):32.8

g/capita/day

Data source: FAOSTAT New Food Balances (accessed in September 2020; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS).Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.


Nepal (2017): Both animal protein intake (12.7 g/capita/day) and fish share (0.8 percent) lower than the world and regional averages (locating in the third quadrant in the bubble chart).

21

Data source: FAOSTAT New Food Balances (accessed in September 2020; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS).Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.

Contribution of fish to animal protein, 2017

Country/area

Per capita protein

intake in 2017

(g/capita/day) Fish share

(%)Fish &

seafood

Animal

products

World 5.6 32.8 17.1

Landlocked Developing Countries 1.4 17.2 7.9

Asia 6.5 28.2 23.1

Southern Asia 2.4 16.3 14.6


Afghanistan 0.1 10.6 0.7

Bangladesh 7.0 12.0 58.8

Bhutan n.a. n.a. n.a.

India 2.0 14.7 13.8

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3.4 25.3 13.3

Maldives 29.5 49.1 60.2

Nepal 0.8 12.7 6.6

Pakistan 0.6 27.9 2.0

Sri Lanka 9.6 18.7 51.5

Nepal-5

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

0 20 40 60 80

Fish

sh

are

in a

nim

al p

rote

in (

%)

Animal protein intake in 2017 (g/capita/day)

African countries

Countries in the Americas

Asian countries

European countries

Oceania countries

Bubble size: populationCoordinate origin: world average


Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food balance sheets of fish and fishery products 1961-2017 (FishstatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). Note: See slide #4 for the scope of fish & seafood.

Status and trend of fish and

seafood supply and utilization in

Nepal (1997–2017):

Food fish supply from domestic sources

increased from 23 207 tonnes in 1997 to

77 157 tonnes in 2017.

Total fish consumption increased from

23 770 tonnes to 86 834 tonnes between

1997 and 2017.

Since 1997, net food fish import increased

from 563 tonnes to 9 677 tonnes in 2017.

In 2017, 86 834 tonnes total fish

consumption = 77 157 tonnes food fish

supply from domestic sources +

9 677 tonnes net food fish import.

Per capita fish consumption increased

from 1.1 kg in 1997 to 3.1 kg in 2017.

22

23 207

77 157

563

9 677

1.1 3.1

23 770

86 834

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Fish & seafood supply and utilization in Nepal (1997–2017)

Net food fish import (import minus export; live weight; tonne)

Food fish supply from domestic sources (production plus stock depletion minus non-food uses) (live weight; tonne)

Per capita fish consumption (live weight; kg)

Total fish consumption (live weight; tonne)

http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en

Nepal’s food balance sheet for fish

and seafood, 2017

77 157 tonnes domestic fish production –

0 tonnes for non-food use =

77 157 tonnes domestic food fish

production (100 percent of total food and

non-food production).

77 157 tonnes domestic food fish

production (88.9 percent of food fish

supply) + 9 680 tonnes food fish import

(11.1 percent) = 86 837 tonnes food fish

supply available for utilization.

86 837 tonnes food fish utilization =

86 834 (food) fish consumption (close to

100 percent of food fish utilization) +

3 tonnes food fish export (close to

0 percent of food fish utilization).

23

77 157

9 680 3

86 834

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

90 000

100 000

Domestic production Food fish import Food fish export Domestic consumption

TO

NN

ES

FISH & SEAFOOD SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION IN NEPAL (2017)

Import11.1%

Domestic production

88.9%

Food fish supply (2017): 86 837 tonnes

Food fish

100.0%

Domestic production (2017): 77 157 tonnes

Consumption100.0%

Food fish utilization (2017): 86 837 tonnes



Domestic fish market

(fish consumption)

Status and trend of fish and

seafood consumption in Nepal

(1997–2017):

The increase in total fish and

seafood consumption from

24 thousand tonnes in 1997 to

87 thousand tonnes in 2017

was driven by the increase in

population, from 22.6 million in

1997 to 27.6 million in 2017,

and an increase in per capita

fish and seafood consumption

from 1.05 kg in 1997 to 3.14 kg

in 2017.

25

1.05 1.08 1.11 1.34 1.38 1.42 1.48 1.59 1.66 1.78 1.83 1.93 1.98 2.00 2.23 2.36 2.40 2.76 2.89 2.97 3.14

22.6 23.1 23.5 23.9 24.3 24.7 25.1 25.4 25.7 26.1 26.4 26.7 26.9 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.9 26.9 27.0 27.3 27.6

23.8 24.9 26.1

32.1 33.6 35.1 37.240.3

42.846.3 48.2

51.4 53.4 54.1

60.363.7 64.6

74.278.1

81.1

86.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Nepal

Per capita fish consumption (kg) Population (million) Total fish consumption (thousand tonnes)



Per capita fish consumption in Nepal (1997 versus 2017): Per capita fish and seafood consumption increased from 1.1 kg in 1997 to 3.1 kg in 2017; the 5.6 percent annual growth rate was higher than the world, regional, sub-regional and Landlocked Developing Countries averages, yet the 3.1 kg of consumption in 2017 was lower than the averages.

26

15.5

2.6

0.2

8.9

0.1

0.5

1.1

0.8

2.7

9.4

1.7

5.6

20.3

4.7

0.5

11.3

0.2

2.8

3.1

2.1

8.2

9.3

2.9

12.3

0 5 10 15 20 25

World

Landlocked DevelopingCountries

Ethiopia

Uganda

Afghanistan

Uzbekistan

Nepal

Niger

Burkina Faso

Mali

Kazakhstan

North Macedonia

kg/y

ear

Per capita fish consumption in top 10 most populated Landlocked Developing Countries in 2017

1997 2017


Status and trend of per capita fish & seafood consumption, 1997

versus 2017

Country/area

Per capita fish & seafood

consumption (kg/year)Annual

growth (%)1997 2017

World 15.5 20.3 1.4

Landlocked Developing

Countries2.6 4.6 3.0

Asia 16.6 24.1 1.9

Southern Asia 5.0 8.3 2.5


Afghanistan 0.1 0.2 5.8

Bangladesh 10.5 26.0 4.6

Bhutan 0.2 6.3 19.8

India 4.5 6.9 2.1

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 5.1 11.8 4.3

Maldives 151.8 90.5 -2.6

Nepal 1.1 3.1 5.6

Pakistan 2.3 1.7 -1.5

Sri Lanka 23.0 30.3 1.4


Per capita fish and seafood

consumption in Nepal (1997

versus 2017):

Per capita fish and seafood

consumption increased from

1.05 kg in 1997 to 3.14 kg in

2017, driven by the increase in

freshwater and diadromous

fishes (from 1.03 kg to 2.89 kg)

and marine fishes consumption

(from 0.03 kg to 0.26 kg).

In both 1997 and 2017, finfish

contributed to the entire fish

and seafood consumption.

27

Finfish, 1.05 , 100%

Freshwater & diadromous fishes,

1.03 , 97.6%

Marine fishes, 0.03 , 2.4%

Nepal (1997)

Fish and seafood consumption (1997): 1.05

kg/capita/year

Finfish, 3.14 , 100%


2.89 , 91.8%


Nepal (2017)


kg/capita/year



Nepal (2017): The 3.14 kg of per capita fish consumption in 2017 was entirely contributed by finfish (of

which 91.8 percent freshwater and diadromous fishes and 8.2 percent marine fishes. The share of marine

fishes was lower than that of Landlocked Developing Countries and the world.

28

Finfish, 3.14 , 100%


2.89 , 91.8%


Nepal (2017)


kg/capita/year


Finfish, 4.59 , 99.6%

Shellfish, 0.02 , 0.4%


3.50 , 75.8%


Crustaceans, 0.01 , 0.3%

Shell molluscs, 0.01 , 0.1%


Fish and seafood

consumption (2017): 4.61

Finfish, 15.03, 75%

Shellfish, 5.07, 25%


Crustaceans, 2.03 , 10.1%

Shell molluscs, 2.60 , 12.9%

Cephalopods, 0.47 , 2.3%

World (2017)


kg/capita/year


Fish trade

Status and trend of fish trade in Nepal, 2010–2018

30

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. CIF = Cost, insurance and freight; FOB = Free on board.

-

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0

5

10

15

20

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

US

D/k

g

ton

ne

or

US

D 1

00

0Nepal: Exports of aquatic products

Export quantity (product weight; tonnes)

Export value (USD 1 000; FOB)

Export price (USD/kg; FOB)

-

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

US

D/k

g

ton

ne

or

US

D 1

00

0

Nepal: Imports of aquatic products

Import quantity (product weight; tonnes)

Import value (USD 1 000; CIF)

Import price (USD/kg; CIF)


Nepal (2010–2018): Fish import quantity >> fish export quantity that is not visible in the chart (a

pattern similar to Landlocked Developed Countries); fish export price < fish import price since 2016

(different from the pattern of Landlocked Developing Countries).

31


-

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

0

4 000

8 000

12 000

16 000

20 000

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

US

D/k

g

ton

ne

Nepal (aquatic products)





-

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

US

D/k

g

ton

ne

Landlocked Developing Countries (aquatic products)






Fish trade deficit in Nepal increased from USD 2.74 million to USD 14.153 million between 2010 and 2018; the declining fish trade balance was a similar trend to Landlocked Developing Countries (from aUSD 27.344 million deficit in 2010 to a USD 310.822 million deficit in 2018).

32


- 2 740

- 14 153

- 15 000

- 10 000

- 5 000

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

US

D 1

00

0

Nepal (aquatic products trade balance)



Trade balance (USD 1 000)

- 27 344

- 310 822

- 400 000

- 200 000

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

US

D 1

00

0

Landlocked Developing Countries (aquatic products trade balance)



Trade balance (USD 1 000)


Fish export

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.

34

Nepal exported USD 13 000 of aquatic products in 2018, which was lower than the USD 71 000 export in

2000. The 9 percent annual decline during 2000–2018 was the only negative growth rate in Southern Asia.

Status and trend of aquatic products export (2000-2018)

Country/area

Aquatic products export

value (USD 1 000)Annual

growth

(%)2000 2018

World 55 833 945 166 737 152 6.3

Landlocked Developing Countries 59 720 295 405 9.3

Asia 19 193 820 62 523 238 6.8

Southern Asia 2 137 341 8 699 212 8.1


Afghanistan n.a. n.a. n.a.

Bangladesh 342 617 447 906 1.5

Bhutan n.a. n.a. n.a.

India 1 417 853 6 940 493 9.2

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 50 366 386 484 12.0

Maldives 40 923 178 386 8.5

Nepal 71 13 -9.0

Pakistan 149 820 459 272 6.4

Sri Lanka 135 691 286 658 4.2

Nepal, USD 13 thousand,

-9.00 percent

- 20

- 10

0

10

20

30

40

50

5 50 500 5 000 50 000 500 000 5 000 000 50 000 000

An

nu

al g

row

th o

f aq

uat

ic p

rod

uct

s ex

po

rt v

alu

efr

om

200

0 to

201

8 (%

)

Aquatic products export value in 2018 (USD 1 000)

Nepal’s fish export growth from a global perspective (2000–2018)

African countries Countries in the Americas Asian countries

European countries Oceania countries

Bubble: population


Nepal’s export of aquatic products (2000)

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source. Nei = not elsewhere included.

35

47

24

1. Salmonoids, fresh orchilled, nei

2. Freshwater fish nei,frozen

tho

usa

nd

US

D

Nepal's fish exports (2000; in terms of value)

66.2%

33.8%

24

9

1. Freshwater fish nei,frozen

2. Salmonoids, fresh orchilled, nei

ton

nes

Nepal's fish exports (2000; in terms of quantity)

72.7%

27.3%


Nepal’s export of aquatic products (2018)


36

10

3

1. Fishmeals, nei

2. Fish live, nei

tho

usa

nd

US

D

Nepal's fish exports (2018; in terms of value)

76.9%

23.1%

10

3

1. Fishmeals, nei

2. Fish live, nei

ton

nes

Nepal's fish exports (2018; in terms of quantity)

76.9%

23.1%


Fish import

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.

Nepal’s aquatic products import increased from USD 362 thousand in 2000 to USD 14.166 million in

2018; the 22.6 percent annual growth rate was much higher than the world, regional, sub-regional and

Landlocked Developing Countries averages.

38

Status and trend of aquatic products import (2000-2018)

Country/area

Aquatic products import

value (USD 1 000)Annual

growth

(%)2000 2018

World 61 012 560 162 103 726 5.6


Asia 24 224 979 55 950 104 4.8

Southern Asia 131 158 648 679 9.3


Afghanistan n.a. 6 853 n.a.

Bangladesh 4 051 122 095 20.8

Bhutan n.a. 6 073 n.a.

India 17 285 153 008 12.9

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 35 781 89 879 5.3

Maldives n.a. 30 699 n.a.

Nepal 362 14 166 22.6

Pakistan 297 12 490 23.1

Sri Lanka 73 382 213 416 6.1

Nepal, USD 14 million, 22.60 percent

- 10

0

10

20

30

40

50

50 500 5 000 50 000 500 000 5 000 000 50 000 000

An

nu

al g

row

th o

f aq

uat

ic p

rod

uct

s im

po

rt v

alu

e fr

om

2000

to

201

8 (%

)

Aquatic products import value in 2018 (USD 1 000)

Nepal’s fish import growth from a global perspective(2000–2018)

African countries Countries in the Americas Asian countries

European countries Oceania countries

Bubble: population


Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species groups less than 0.1 percent of the total value not labelled in the charts.

Nepal’s import of aquatic

products (2000–2018):

Aquatic commodities import

increased from USD 362 thousand

in 2000 to USD 14.166 million in

2018.

The share of finfish increased from

78.2 percent to 96.2 percent,

reflecting the increase in the shares

of diadromous fishes and freshwater

fishes, whereas the share of marine

fishes declined from 71 percent to

66 percent.

The share of shellfish decreased

from 14.9 percent to 2 percent, and

the share of aquatic plants

decreased from 6.9 percent to nil.

39

Finfish96.2%

Shellfish2.0%

Others1.8%

Marine fishes66.0%

Freshwater fishes15.8%

Diadromous fishes14.5%

Crustaceans1.7%

Molluscs0.3%

Miscellaneous aquatic animal

products1.8%

Nepal (2018)


value (2013): 14 166

thousand USD

Finfish78.2%

Shellfish14.9%

Others6.9%

Marine fishes71.0%


Crustaceans6.1%

Molluscs8.8%

Aquatic plants6.9%

Nepal (2000)


value (2000): 362

thousand USD


Nepal’s import of aquatic products (2018): The USD 14.166 million of aquatic commodities import in

2018 was composed of 96.2 percent of finfish, 2 percent of shellfish and 1.8 percent of miscellaneous

aquatic animal products. The species composition in the country’s fish import was similar to that of

Landlocked Developing Countries yet much different from the world pattern.

40

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species groups less than 0.1 percent of the total value not labelled in the charts.

Finfish67.2%

Shellfish31.1%

Others1.7%

Marine fishes44.7%



Crustaceans21.3%

Molluscs9.8%


0.7%


products0.1%

Aquatic plants0.9%

World (2018)


value (2018): 162 103 726

thousand USD

Finfish95.0%

Shellfish3.9%

Others1.2%

Marine fishes76.6%



Crustaceans2.6%

Molluscs1.3%


0.1%


products0.1%

Aquatic plants1.0%



value (2018):606 227

thousand USD

Finfish96.2%

Shellfish2.0%

Others1.8%

Marine fishes66.0%



Crustaceans1.7%

Molluscs0.3%


products1.8%

Nepal (2018)


value (2013): 14 166

thousand USD


Nepal (2018): Marine fishes not identified, miscellaneous freshwater fishes and salmons/trouts/smelts

were the three largest species groups in the country’s aquatic products import.

41

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Includes all aquatic commodities recorded in the data source; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. CIF = Cost, insurance and freight; ISSCAAP = International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants.

Nepal’s aquatic products import in 2018

Top 10 import species groups in terms of quantity Top 10 import species groups in terms of value

ISSCAAP groups

Product

weight

(tonnes)

Share of

Nepal’s total

import of all

aquatic

commodities

(%)

Share of

world import

of the same

species group

(%)

ISSCAAP groupsCIF value

(USD 1 000)

Share of

Nepal’s total

import of all

aquatic

commodities

(%)

Share of

world import

of the same

species group

(%)

1. Marine fishes not identified 8 674 61.23 0.04 1. Marine fishes not identified 8 674 61.23 0.04

2. Miscellaneous freshwater fishes 2 237 15.79 0.06 2. Miscellaneous freshwater fishes 2 237 15.79 0.06

3. Salmons, trouts, smelts 2 046 14.44 0.01 3. Salmons, trouts, smelts 2 046 14.44 0.01

4. Corals 250 1.76 0.17 4. Corals 250 1.76 0.17

5. Shrimps, prawns 238 1.68 0.00 5. Shrimps, prawns 238 1.68 0.00

6. Herrings, sardines, anchovies 237 1.67 0.01 6. Herrings, sardines, anchovies 237 1.67 0.01

7. Tunas, bonitos, billfishes 206 1.45 0.00 7. Tunas, bonitos, billfishes 206 1.45 0.00

8. Miscellaneous pelagic fishes 135 0.95 0.00 8. Miscellaneous pelagic fishes 135 0.95 0.00

9. Cods, hakes, haddocks 94 0.66 0.00 9. Cods, hakes, haddocks 94 0.66 0.00

10. Squids, cuttlefishes, octopuses 26 0.18 0.00 10. Squids, cuttlefishes, octopuses 26 0.18 0.00

Others 23 0.16 Others 23 0.16

Aquatic products 14 166 100.00 0.01 Aquatic products 14 166 100.00 0.01


Top 10 commodities (in terms of quantity) in Nepal’s import of aquatic products (2018)


42

3 570

1 480

1 115

1 068

1 023

709

556

506

409

384

993

1. Fish live, nei

2. Fish waste, nei

3. Fishmeals, nei

4. Catfish, fresh or chilled

5. Salmonoids, fresh or chilled, nei

6. Ornamental saltwater fish

7. Catfish fillets, frozen

8. Ornamental freshwater fish

9. Fish dried, whether or not salted, nei

10. Fish, fresh or chilled, nei

Other species

ton

nes

Nepal's top-10 fish import products (2018; in terms of quantity)

30.2%

12.5%

9.4%9.0%

8.7%

6.0%

4.7%

4.3%

3.5%3.3%

8.4%


Top 10 commodities (in terms of value) in Nepal’s import of aquatic products (2018)


43

4 999

1 464

998

954

800

680

488

468

391

330

2 594

1. Fish live, nei

2. Salmonoids, fresh or chilled, nei

3. Ornamental saltwater fish

4. Catfish fillets, frozen

5. Fish dried, whether or not salted, nei

6. Ornamental freshwater fish

7. Catfish, fresh or chilled

8. Fishmeals, nei

9. Fish waste, nei

10. Fish, fresh or chilled, nei

Other species

tho

usa

nd

US

D

Nepal's top-10 fish import products (2018; in terms of value)

35.3%

10.3%7.0%6.7%

5.6%

4.8%

3.4%

3.3%

2.8%

2.3%18.3%


Total fishery production

Nepal (1950–2018): Total fishery production increased from 500 tonnes in 1950 to 81 070 tonnes in

2018. Aquaculture has dominated the total fishery production since the 2000s while capture fisheries

production remained stagnant.

45

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global production by production source 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.

1950, 500 1980, 3 654

2000, 31 723

2018, 81 070

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

90 000

To

tal f

ish

ery

pro

du

ctio

n (

ton

nes

)

Status and trend of aquaculutre and fisheries production in Nepal (1950-2018)

Capture (Nepal) Aquaculture (Nepal) Total (Nepal)


Total fishery production in



increased from 31 723 tonnes

in 2000 to 81 070 tonnes in

2018.

The share of freshwater fishes

declined from 100 percent to

99.6 percent, whereas the share

of diadromous fishes increased

from nil to 0.4 percent.

In both 2000 and 2018, total

fishery production was

contributed by finfish only.

46

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global production by production source 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts.

Finfish100.0%



Nepal (2018)


(2018):81 070tonnes

Finfish100.0%


Nepal (2000)


(2000):31 723tonnes


Total fishery production in Nepal (2018): Finfish (99.6 percent of freshwater fishes and 0.4 percent of

diadromous fishes) accounted for the entire fishery production. The country’s total fishery composition was

similar to the Landlocked Developing Countries average, yet much less diversified than the world average.

47

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global production by production source 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts.

Finfish64.9%

Shellfish18.7%

Other species16.4% Marine

fishes34.6%



Crustaceans7.5%

Molluscs11.2%


0.7%

Aquatic plants15.7%

World (2018)

Total fisheryproduction

(2018): 211 906 372

tonnes

Finfish100.0%





(2018):1 825 425

tonnes

Finfish100.0%



Nepal (2018)


(2018):81 070tonnes


Capture fisheries production

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all aquatic products measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.

Capture fisheries in Nepal

(2000 versus 2018):

The 7th largest capture

fisheries country in Southern

Asia in 2018, with its capture

fisheries production increased

from 16 700 tonnes in 2000 to

22 070 tonnes in 2018.

The 1.56 percent annual

growth rate was higher than

the world (0.15 percent) and

Asian averages (0.71 percent),

yet lower than the Landlocked

Developing Countries

(3.25 percent) and Southern

Asian averages (2.29 percent).

49

Status and trend of capture fisheries production, 2000 versus 2018

Country/areaCapture fisheries production (tonnes)

Annual growth (%)2000 2018

World 94 778 335 97 398 330 0.15

Landlocked Developing Countries 775 998 1 378 977 3.25

Asia 43 985 526 49 928 417 0.71

Southern Asia 6 147 298 9 233 480 2.29


1. India 3 726 427 5 342 888 2.02

2. Bangladesh 1 004 264 1 871 225 3.52

3. Iran (Islamic Republic of) 383 991 828 872 4.37

4. Sri Lanka 296 750 510 537 3.06

5. Pakistan 598 743 504 810 -0.94

6. Maldives 119 373 151 013 1.31

7. Nepal 16 700 22 070 1.56

8. Afghanistan 1 000 2 050 4.07

9. Bhutan 50 15 -6.47


Species composition in

Nepal’s capture fisheries

(2000 versus 2018):

Capture fisheries production


to 22 070 tonnes between

2000 and 2018.

In both 2000 and 2018, the

entire capture production was

contributed by freshwater

fishes only.

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts. 50

Finfish100.0%


Nepal (2018)

Capture production

(2018):22 070tonnes

Finfish100.0%


Nepal (2000)

Capture production

(2000):16 700tonnes


Species composition in Nepal’s capture fisheries (2018): The 22 070 tonnes of capture fisheries

production in 2018 comprised entirely finfish (compared to 85.4 percent in world capture production). The

share of freshwater fishes (100 percent) was higher than the Landlocked Developing Countries average

(98.7 percent) and much higher than the world average (11 percent).

51

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species accounting for less than 0.1 percent of total production not labelled in the charts.

Finfish85.4%

Shellfish13.1%

Other species

1.6%

Marine fishes72.3%



Crustaceans6.7%

Molluscs6.4%


0.6%

Aquatic plants1.0%

World (2018)

Capture production

(2018):97 398 330

tonnes

Finfish100.0%




Capture production

(2018):1 378 977

tonnes

Finfish100.0%


Nepal (2018)

Capture production

(2018):22 070tonnes


Nepal’s capture fisheries production in terms of quantity (2018)

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global capture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: ASFIS = Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System; more information about ASFIS species items can be found at www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en. Nei = not elsewhere included.

52

22 070 1. Freshwater fishes nei

ton

nes

ASFIS species items in Nepal’s capture production quantity (2018)


http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en

Aquaculture production

54

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.

Aquaculture production tonnage in Nepal (2008-2018): Aquaculture production increased from 15 023 tonnes in 2000 to 59 000 tonnes in 2018; the 7.9 percent annual growth rate was greater than the growth rates in Asia (5.67 percent), Southern Asia (7.71 percent) and the world (5.59 percent), yet lower than the growth rate in Landlocked Developing Countries (10.27 percent).

Status and trends of aquaculture production, 2000-2018

Country/area

Aquaculture quantity of

aquatic products (tonnes)Annual

growth

(%)2000 2018

World 43 014 088 114 508 042 5.59


Asia 38 910 396 105 077 051 5.67

Southern Asia 2 672 459 10 173 614 7.71


1. India 1 942 531 7 071 302 7.44

2. Bangladesh 657 120 2 405 416 7.48

3. Iran (Islamic Republic of) 40 550 439 718 14.16

4. Pakistan 12 485 159 083 15.19

5. Nepal 15 023 59 000 7.90

6. Sri Lanka 4 420 30 921 11.41

7. Afghanistan 300 7 950 19.97

8. Bhutan 30 224 11.81

9. Maldives n.a. n.a. n.a.

Nepal, 59 000 tonnes,

8 percent

- 30

- 20

- 10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 5 50 500 5 000 50 000 500 000 5 000 000 50 000 000

An

nu

al g

row

th r

ate

of

aqu

acu

ltu

re p

rod

uct

ion

qu

anti

ty

fro

m 2

008

to 2

018

(%)

Aquaculture production quantity in 2018 (tonnes)

Aquaculture growth in Nepal from a global and regional perspective (2008-2018)

African countries Countries in the AmericasAsian countries European countriesOceania countries

Bubble size: population


Aquaculture’s contribution to total fishery in Nepal increased from 47.4 percent in 2000 to

72.8 percent in 2018.

55

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products.

15 17 17 18 20

22 25 27 27 27 28

31 35 36

43

48 49

56 59

17 17 18 19 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 22

47.449.8 48.9 48.3 50.1

52.955.9 57.0 55.9 55.4 56.8

59.061.6 62.6

66.969.1 69.5

72.8 72.8

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Nepal: aquaculture's share in total fishery production

Aquaculture production (thousand tonnes) Capture fisheries production (thousand tonnes) Share of aquaculture in total fish production (%)


Species composition in

Nepal’s aquaculture

production (2008 versus

2018):



in 2008 to 59 000 tonnes in

2018.

In both 2000 and 2018, the

entire aquaculture production

was contributed by finfish.

In 2018, the production

comprised 99.5 percent

freshwater fishes and

0.5 percent diadromous fishes.

56

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species group less than 0.1 percent of total production may not be labelled.

Finfish100.0%



Nepal (2018)


(2018):59 000tonnes

Finfish100.0%


Nepal (2000)


(2000):15 023tonnes


Species composition in Nepal’s aquaculture production (2018): The 59 000 tonnes of aquaculture

production were entirely contributed by finfish (99.5 percent freshwater fishes and 0.5 percent freshwater

fishes). The species composition in the country’s aquaculture production was similar to the Landlocked

Developing Countries average and much less diversified than the world average.

57

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Production covers all species measured in tonnage; see slide #4 for the scope of aquatic products. Species group less than 0.1 percent of total production may not be labelled.

Finfish47.4%

Shellfish23.5%

Other species29.1%

Marine fishes2.6%



Crustaceans8.2%

Molluscs15.3%Miscellaneous

aquatic animals0.8%

Aquatic plants28.3%

World (2018)


(2018): 114 508 042

tonnes

Finfish99.9%

Other species

0.1%





(2018)446 448tonnes

Finfish100.0%



Nepal (2018)


(2018):59 000tonnes


Aquaculture species groups in Nepal by tonnage (2018): The 59 000 tonnes of aquaculture production comprised four species groups, with carps, barbels and other cyprinids being the largest group (94.15 percent of the country’s aquaculture production tonnage).

58

Aquaculture production in Nepal by species groups Year 2018 (in terms of quantity)

WAPI species groups ISSCAAP division

Number of

species in the

group farmed by

the country

The country’s

production

quantity of each

species group

(live weight;

tonnes)

Share of the

country’s

production

quantity of all

species (%)

Share of world

production of

the same species

group (%)

1. Carps, barbels and other cyprinids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 7 55 550 94.15 0.1901

2. Catfishes (Siluriformes) Freshwater fishes 2 2 550 4.32 0.0441

3. Tilapias and other cichlids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 1 600 1.02 0.0099

4. Salmons, trouts, smelts (ISSCAAP group) Diadromous fishes 1 300 0.51 0.0084

Aquatic products 11 59 000 100.00 0.0515

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ); www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en

Notes: ISSCAAP (International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants) grouping can be found at

www.fao.org/tempref/FI/DOCUMENT/cwp/handbook/annex/AnnexS2listISSCAAP2000.pdf. The taxonomic scope of WAPI species groups indicated in bracket. More

information about the WAPI species grouping can be found at http://www.fao.org/3/ca9245en/ca9245en.pdf.


http://www.fao.org/tempref/FI/DOCUMENT/cwp/handbook/annex/AnnexS2listISSCAAP2000.pdf




59

Aquaculture species groups in Nepal by value (2018): The composition of the USD 155.432 million of aquaculture production value was similar to the country’s aquaculture production tonnage (see previous slide).

Aquaculture production in Nepal by species groups Year 2018 (in terms of value)

WAPI species groups ISSCAAP division

Number of

species in the

group farmed by

the country

The country’s

production

quantity of each

species group

(farmgate value;

USD 1 000)

Share of the

country’s

production value

of all species (%)

Share of world

production of

the same species

group (%)

1. Carps, barbels and other cyprinids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 7 145 759 93.78 0.2335

2. Catfishes (Siluriformes) Freshwater fishes 2 5 267 3.39 0.0555

3. Salmons, trouts, smelts (ISSCAAP group) Diadromous fishes 1 3 029 1.95 0.0133

4. Tilapias and other cichlids (ISSCAAP group) Freshwater fishes 1 1 377 0.89 0.0123

Aquatic products 11 155 432 100.00 0.0590

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ); www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en

Notes: ISSCAAP (International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants) grouping can be found at

www.fao.org/tempref/FI/DOCUMENT/cwp/handbook/annex/AnnexS2listISSCAAP2000.pdf. The taxonomic scope of WAPI species groups indicated in bracket. More

information about the WAPI species grouping can be found at http://www.fao.org/3/ca9245en/ca9245en.pdf.






Nepal (2018): Farmed ASFIS species items ranked by quantity

60

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en).Notes: Species item less than 1 percent of total production may not be labelled in the pie chart. ASFIS = Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System; more information about ASFIS species items can be found at www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en.

15 600

12 500

7 500

6 950

5 900

5 500

1 800

1 600

750

600

300

1. Mrigal carp

2. Common carp

3. Bighead carp

4. Roho labeo

5. Grass carp(=White amur)

6. Silver carp

7. North African catfish

8. Catla

9. Striped catfish

10. Nile tilapia

Other species

ton

nes

Top-10 ASFIS species items in Nepal’s aquaculture production quantity (2018)

26.4%

21.2%12.7%

11.8%

10.0%

9.3%3.1%

2.7%1.3% 1.0%

0.5%



Nepal (2018): Farmed ASFIS species items ranked by value

61

Data source: FAO. 2020. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/FishStatJ/en). Notes: Species item less than 1 percent of total production may not be labelled in the pie chart. ASFIS = Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System; more information about ASFIS species items can be found at www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en.

42 963

34 426

19 141

17 213

16 249

11 360

4 406

3 718

3 029

1 549

1 377

1. Mrigal carp

2. Common carp

3. Roho labeo

4. Bighead carp

5. Grass carp(=White amur)

6. Silver carp

7. Catla

8. North African catfish

9. Rainbow trout

10. Striped catfish

Other species

tho

usa

nd

US

D

Top-10 ASFIS species items in Nepal’s aquaculture production value (2018)

27.6%

22.1%12.3%

11.1%

10.5%

7.3%

2.8%2.4% 1.9% 1.0% 0.9%



Outlook

Population prospects in

Nepal (2010–2050):

Total population is expected to

increase from 29 million in

2020 to 35 million in 2050.

The ratio of urban population

is expected to rise from

20.58 percent to

37.38 percent between 2020

and 2050.

The female ratio is expected to

decline from 54.19 percent to

52.06 percent in 2050.

Data sources: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population). United Nations World Urbanization Prospects (2018 revision; https://population.un.org/wup).

63

50.7854.19 52.38 52.22 52.06

16.7720.58

25.3531.04

37.38

27.0129.14

33.3934.89 35.32

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Nepal

Percentage of females (%) Percentage of urban population (%) Total population (million)


https://population.un.org/wup/

Nepal GDP prospects

(2018-2024):

According to IMF’s

pre-COVID-19 projection,

Nepal’s GDP per capita

expected to increase from

USD 1 164 to USD 1 536

between 2020 and 2024,

staying well below the world

average level.

64

Data sources: IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) database (October 2019; https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/download.aspx). Note: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision; https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population) used to calculate GDP indicators at the regional level.

11 222 11 320 12 019

12 535 13 116

13 690 14 308

1 034 1 042 1 164 1 256 1 347 1 439 1 536

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

GDP per capita (current USD)

World Nepal

https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/download.aspx


Given the 3.14 kg baseline per capita fish and seafood consumption, 104 943 tonnes of fish and seafood will be needed to satisfy the fish demand ofNepal’s 33.390 million total population in 2030, which is 16 638 tonnes higher than the 88 305 tonnes of baseline fish and seafood demand.

Nepal’s farmed fish and seafood production increased from 43 400 tonnes in 2014 to 59 000 tonnes in 2018. Following the linear trend during2014-2018, farmed fish and seafood production in Nepal would reach 106 220 tonnes in 2030, which is 47 220 tonnes higher than the baseline levelin 2018.

The 47 220 tonnes of extra fish and seafood supply generated by the trend aquaculture growth would be sufficient to cover the 16 638 tonnes ofextra fish and seafood demand driven by the population growth with a supply surplus of 30 581 tonnes.

However, if Nepal would like to increase its per capita fish and seafood consumption in 2030 to the Landlocked Developing Countries average(i.e. 4.61 kg), then the extra fish demand would be 65 754 tonnes, which, compared to the 47 220 tonnes of extra fish supply from trend aquaculturegrowth, implies a demand-supply gap 18 535 tonnes.

Nepal’s aquaculture production would need to grow 5.9 percent a year between 2018 and 2030 in order to generate enough fish supply to cover thedemand-supply gap driven by both population growth and the increase of its per capita fish consumption.

Nepal (2018–2030): Aquaculture growth potential from the demand-side perspective

73

Nepal (fish & seafood) Baseline (2018)

Projection to 2030

Population growth onlyPopulation growth + higher per

capita fish demand

Year 20302030 compared

to the baselineYear 2030

2030 compared

to the baseline

1. Per capita fish demand (kg/capita/year) 3.14 3.14 - 4.61 1.47

2. Population (thousand) 28 096 33 390 5 294 33 390 5 294

3. Total fish demand (tonnes) 88 305 104 943 16 638 154 059 65 754

4. Fish supply from aquaculture (tonnes) 59 000 106 220 47 220 106 220 47 220

5. Supply-demand gap (tonnes) 30 581 -18 535

Notes: Fish & seafood includes finfish, crustaceans, molluscs and miscellaneous aquatic animals. 1. The 2017 level of per capita fish consumption in Nepal (3.14 kg) assumed to remain the same in 2018

and 2030; and the per capita fish consumption of Landlocked Developing Countries in 2017 (4.61 kg) treated as the higher benchmark. 2. Population data from UN World Population Prospects (2019

revision). 3. Equal to (1) x (2). 4. Aquaculture production in 2018 from FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ); projection of aquaculture production

in 2030 based on the 5-year linear trend of aquaculture production during 2014-2018. 5. Equal to (4) - (3).

Nepal’s share in world aquaculture production tonnage (0.05 percent):

Smaller than its share in world population (0.37 percent).

Nepal’s share in world inland aquaculture production (0.11 percent):

Greater than its share in world surface area of inland waterbodies (0.01 percent).

Smaller than its share in world renewable water resources (0.38 percent).

Nepal: Aquaculture growth potential from the supply-side perspective

74

Nepal

Share of

world

total (%)

Total country area (excluding coastal waters, 2013-2017)1 0.11

Surface area of inland waterbodies (2015)2 0.01

Total renewable water resources (2013-2017)1 0.38

Population (2018)3 0.37

Aquaculture production (all areas, 2018)4 0.05

Aquaculture production (inland waters, 2018)4 0.11

Data sources: 1. FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Main Database – Food and Agriculture Organization

of the United Nations (FAO). Website accessed on 16 May 2019. 2. FAOSTAT Land Cover

database (updated June 2019; CCI_LC). 3. United Nations World Population Prospects (2019

revision). 4. FAO. 2020. FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture

production 1950-2018 (FishStatJ).

Aquaculture growth potential in Nepal

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