Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather...
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![Page 1: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in
Operational Marine Weather Forecasting
Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction CenterZorana Jelenak, UCAR/NOAA NESDIS
![Page 2: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How is Wind Measured Over the Ocean?
![Page 3: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Direct Measurements
• Buoy, Ships– Pros
• Provide frequent updates at a single point, meeting or exceeding 1-hr refresh
• Provide reference points for real-time diagnostics in the generation of the forecast/warning package
• Complements synoptic scale satellite information by providing a frequently updated reference measurement
– Cons• Limited coverage – only provide limited point measurements
![Page 4: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Indirect Measurements
OSCAT Descending Passes
ASCAT Descending Passes
Wind speed and direction information needs to be derived from satellite measurements
![Page 5: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
NSCAT
August 1996
Wind Vector Measurements Through History
Stick
Scatterometer
ERS 1 & 2
Aug 1991, April 1995
Stick
Scatterometer
SeaSAT 1978
110 days
SeaWinds+AMSR
Dec 2002
Pencil-beam
Scatterometer
QuikSCAT
June 1999-Nov 2009
Stick
ScatterometerASCAT-B
Sep 2012
C-band
Ku-band
Pencil-beam
Scatterometer
OceanSat-2
Sep 2009
ASCAT
Oct 2006
![Page 6: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What are Scatterometers?• Microwave Radars on Polar orbiters
– C-band ~5GHz (~5cm), Ku-band ~14GHz (~2cm)
• C-band (less impacted by rain than Ku)
• Ku-band (rain impact)
– designed to measure ocean surface backscatter (0 )• Capillary waves• infer wind speed
– Multiple samples from different azimuth angles
• wind direction solutions
![Page 7: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
t
r0 P
PG
Pr
Pt
Surface roughness relates to 0 and depends on friction velocity
![Page 8: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
QuikSCAT Measurement Geometry
WVC – Wind Vector Cell
25km → 76 WVC across swath
![Page 10: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Far Swath Far SwathMid Swath Mid SwathNadir
H-pol
V-pol
4 observations good azimuth diversity
4 observations poor azimuth diversity
2 observations
Measurement GeometryMeasurement Geometry
![Page 11: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
4-Look Solution
Most likely solution U=10m/s, χ=150°
![Page 12: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
16 December 2009
Rain EffectsRain Effects
• The radar signal is attenuated by the rain as it travels to and from the Earth’s surface σ0
•Retrieved wind speed
The radar signal is scattered by the raindrops. Some of this scattered energy returns to the instrument σ0
•Retrieved wind speed
•The roughness of the sea surface is increased because of the splashing due to raindrops σ0
•Retrieved wind speed•Directional information can be lost
13
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A S C A T
T R A C K
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O S C A T
T R A C K
![Page 17: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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Rain Impact on OSCAT RetrievalsCase 1
![Page 20: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Rain Impact on OSCAT RetrievalsCase 1
![Page 21: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Examples
![Page 22: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ASCAT 2100 UTC 02 NOV 2012
![Page 23: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
GDAS 2100 UTC 02 NOV 2012
![Page 24: Applications of Satellite Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds in Operational Marine Weather Forecasting Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA/NWS Ocean Prediction Center.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f255503460f94c3c585/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
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NOAA Ocean Prediction Center – scatterometer impacts on operations
OSCAT and ASCAT Forecasters use every pass to: make warning and short-term forecast decisions and to estimate - cyclone location, intensity, extent of wind field - strength and extent of orographically enhanced jets - wind field near strong SST
gradientsResults in improved warning and forecast services over otherwise data sparse oceans
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SUPER STORM Sandy – ASCAT 1419 UTC29 Oct 2012