APPENDIX D ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION LICENCE APPLICATION · manufacturer), panel beating, and mechanical...
Transcript of APPENDIX D ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION LICENCE APPLICATION · manufacturer), panel beating, and mechanical...
APPENDIX D
ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION LICENCE APPLICATION
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Table of Contents
1 TYPE OF APPLICATION .................................................................................................. 4
2 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 4
3 SITUATION AND EXTENT OF THE PLANT ........................................................................ 5
3.1 Location and extent of plant .................................................................................. 5
3.2 Description of surrounding land use ....................................................................... 5
4 NATURE OF THE PROCESS ............................................................................................. 7
4.1 Process description ................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Listed activities ........................................................................................................ 10
4.3 Unit process or processes ....................................................................................... 11
4.4 Hours of operation .................................................................................................. 11
4.5 Graphical process information ............................................................................. 12
5 RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS .............................................................................. 12
5.1 Raw materials used ................................................................................................ 12
5.2 Production rates ...................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Materials used in energy sources ......................................................................... 13
5.4 Sources of atmospheric emission (including all tiers of greenhouse gas) ...... 14
6 APPLIANCES AND MEASURES TO PREVENT AIR POLLUTION ...................................... 21
6.1 Appliances and control measures ....................................................................... 21
6.2 Start-up, maintenance, and shut down conditions ........................................... 22
6.3 Complaint register .................................................................................................. 22
7 DISPOSAL OF WASTE AND EFFLUENT ARISING FROM ABATEMENT EQUIPMENT ....... 22
8 ANNEX A | SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................................. 23
9 ANNEX B | BASIC SITE LAYOUT MAP ......................................................................... 24
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List of Tables
Table 1: Enterprise information .............................................................................................. 4
Table 2: Contact details of the responsible person ............................................................ 4
Table 3: Location and extent of plant .................................................................................. 5
Table 4: Listed activities under NEMAQA ........................................................................... 10
Table 5: Scheduled processes under APPA ....................................................................... 10
Table 6: Unit processes .......................................................................................................... 11
Table 7: Hours of operation .................................................................................................. 11
Table 8: Raw materials used ................................................................................................ 12
Table 9: Production rates ...................................................................................................... 13
Table 10: Materials used in energy sources ....................................................................... 13
Table 11: Point source parameters ..................................................................................... 14
Table 12: Point source emissions .......................................................................................... 16
Table 13: Greenhouse gas emissions .................................................................................. 17
Table 14: Point source emissions monitoring requirements .............................................. 18
Table 15: Point source emission information ...................................................................... 19
List of Figures
Figure 1: The location of Lead and Solder Sales cc within Belville ................................... 6
Figure 2: Photographs of the 2% and 9% melting pots ....................................................... 7
Figure 3: Photographs of melting pots 1, 2 and 3 and the wire extruder ........................ 8
Figure 4: Photographs of the automated wheel balancing weight machines .............. 9
Figure 5: Photographs of the scrap metal separation process ......................................... 9
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1 TYPE OF APPLICATION
X New Application Transfer
Renewal Variation/Amendment/Review
Current APPA Permit / Atmospheric Emission
Licence Number:
APPA Registration Certificate Number 1930
2 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION
Table 1: Enterprise information
Table 2: Contact details of the responsible person
Enterprise name Lead and Solder Sales cc
Trading as Lead and Solder Sales cc
Type of enterprise Closed corporation
Close corporation registration number 2010/104356/23
VAT registration number 4680133248
Business partner number Not applicable
Registered address Unit 6A, Saxon Park, Glucose Rd, Belville
Postal Address P.O. Box 457, Kasselsvlei, 7533
Telephone number (general) +27 21 951 4133
Fax number (general) +27 21 951 4318
Industry type/Nature of trade Manufacturing of solder and lead products
Land use zoning as per town planning scheme General Industrial 1
Land use rights if outside town planning scheme Not applicable
Responsible person name or emission control
officer (where appointed)
Lenon Guzha
Telephone number +21 951 4133
Cell phone number +27 73 141 4780
Fax number +27 21 951 4318
E-mail address [email protected]
After hours contact details +27 73 141 4780
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3 SITUATION AND EXTENT OF THE PLANT
3.1 Location and extent of plant
Table 3: Location and extent of plant
3.2 Description of surrounding land use
Lead and Solder Sales cc (LASS) is situated within Saxon Industrial Park in Mimosa, a
general industrial area in Belville, in the City of Cape Town (Figure 1). Businesses within
the Saxon Industrial Park include Telesnacks, Kerlizons (a plastic product
manufacturer), panel beating, and mechanical workshops. Saxon Industrial Park is
bordered by Glucose Way to the east and railway line to the north. The Tongaat Hulett
Starch, Bellville Mill lies directly across Glucose Way from Saxon Industrial Park. SCP
Southern Canned Products and Transpaco Flexables are also situated along Glucose
Way, approximately 500 m from Lead and Solder cc.
The closest residential suburbs, within 1 km of Lead and Solder cc, are:
• Belville Lot 6, approximately 200 m to the west.
• Belville Lot 3, approximately 560 m to the south-west.
• Belrail, approximately 550 m to the north-west.
• Belville South Ext. 13, approximately 600 m to the south-east.
There are numerous schools, tertiary education and medical facilities within 5 km of
Lead and Solder cc. The closest school and hospital are; the Belville-suid Secondary
School (1 km to the south-west) and Belville Medical Centre (1.5 km to the north-west).
Physical address of the plant Unit 6A, Saxon Park, Glucose Rd, Belville
Description of site (Where no street address) Not applicable
Coordinates of approximate centre of operations 33°54'39" S
18°38'36" E
Extent (km²) 0.0032 km2 (3 200 m2)
Elevation above mean sea level (m) 73 m
Province Western Cape Province
Metropolitan/District municipality City of Cape Town
Local municipality Not applicable
Designated priority area Not applicable
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Figure 1: The location of Lead and Solder Sales cc within Belville
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4 NATURE OF THE PROCESS
4.1 Process description
LASS produces solder, pewter for the jewellery industry, sash weights for windows, and
wheel balancing weights as well as lead shot and billets. Raw materials in the form of
lead, tin, antimony, and copper ingots, are delivered by truck. Ingots are moved from
trucks to the factory store by forklift. The lead, solder, pewter, sash weight, and wheel
balancing weight manufacturing processes, are described hereafter.
4.1.1 Lead billets for wire and shot
Lead wire and shot are produced through the melting of lead and antimony ingots in
two six (6) tonne capacity melting pots referred to as the 9% and 2% pots (Figure 2a
and Figure 2b). The 9% and 2% refers to the amount of antimony in the alloy. Antimony
increases the hardness of the lead wire and shot. The melting pots are heated with
paraffin burners located at the bottom of each pot. The molten alloy is manually cast
into moulds and cooled using a soluble oil and water mixture. Cooled bars from the
moulds are then sent to the extruder or tumbler for the manufacturing of lead wire
and shot. Final products from this process include spooled lead wire, lead shot packed
in boxes, and if requested by a client, sold as lead billets.
Each melting pot is covered by an extraction hood (Figure 2c) to evacuate fumes
generated by the melting process from the factory. Fumes are released to
atmosphere through vents on the factory roof.
(a) 2% melting pot (b) 9% melting pot (c) 2% melting pot
extraction hood
Figure 2: Photographs of the 2% and 9% melting pots
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4.1.2 Solder, sash weights, and pewter bars
To produce solder bars and sticks, lead, antimony and tin are melted in paraffin
heated pots (Figure 3b) referred to as melting pot 1, melting pot 2, and melting pot 3
(Figure 3a). Whereas melting pot 1 has a capacity of three (3) tonnes, melting pots 2
and 3 each have capacity of 600 kilograms. Molten alloy from these pots are
manually cast into trays and the solder bars cooled with a soluble oil and water
mixture. Solder bars are either sold as is, or extruded to form solder sticks and wire
(Figure 3).
To produce pewter, tin and copper is melted in pot 3 and similarly cast and cooled to
form pewter bars for the jewellery industry. Lead sash weights are manufactured from
lead melted in pot 2, which is cast into moulds and cooled using the soluble oil and
water mixture.
Each pot is covered by an extraction hood through which melting fumes are
extracted into a common duct. Fumes are leased to atmosphere through a vent in
the factory roof.
(a) Melting pots 1, 2 and 3
(from right to left)
(b) Melting pot 1
paraffin burner
(c) Extruder
Figure 3: Photographs of melting pots 1, 2 and 3 and the wire extruder
4.1.3 Wheel balancing weights
Lead billets are melted in seven (7) electric melting pots and automated casting
machines (Figure 4a). Several different sizes wheel balancing weights are
manufactured. A fume extraction hood is positioned above each machine (Figure
4b). Fumes from machine numbers 1 to 4 are extracted to a common duct and
vented through the wall of the factory near roof level. Machines 5, 6, and 7 each have
a dedicated duct and vent (Figure 4c).
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(a) Wheel balancing
weight machine
melting pot and
automated casting
(b) Extraction hood
positioned over wheel
balancing weight
machine
(c) Extraction hood
ducting and capped
vent to atmosphere
Figure 4: Photographs of the automated wheel balancing weight machines
4.1.4 Metal recovery
LASS also operates a scrap metal separation and reclamation process on their
premises. Wastes such as old municipal street lamps are disassembled to extract
copper and other metals that are bagged and sent to a factory in Gauteng for
recycling. Only mechanical separation methods are used. Emissions from this process
are limited to dust and exhaust emissions from the three forklifts used to move
materials. These emissions are considered negligible.
(a) Forklift operational is scrap metal seperation area (b) Recovered lead
Figure 5: Photographs of the scrap metal separation process
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4.2 Listed activities
Listed Activities, as published in terms of Section 21 of the National Environmental
Management Air Quality Act (NEMAQA) (no. 39 of 2004), conducted at the premises
are listed in Table 4. Scheduled Processes as per the Second Schedule of the repealed
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act (APPA) (no. 45 of 1965) are listed in Table 5.
Table 4: Listed activities under NEMAQA
Listed
Activity
Number
Category of
Listed Activity
Sub-
category of
the Listed
Activity
Name of the Listed
Activity Description of the Listed Activity
4 Metallurgical
industry 4.2
Combustion
installations
Combustion installations not
used primarily for steam raisin
and electricity generation.
4 Metallurgical
industry 4.13 Lead smelting
The extraction, processing and
use of lead in production by the
application of heat.
The production of lead-
containing electric batteries.
4 Metallurgical
industry 4.15
Processing of
arsenic, antimony,
beryllium,
chromium and
silicon
The metallurgical production
and processing of arsenic,
antimony, beryllium, chromium,
and silicon and their compounds
by the application of heat.
Table 5: Scheduled processes under APPA
APPA Registration
Certificate Number
Date of Registration
Certificate
Scheduled Process
Number
Scheduled Process
Description
1830 27 November 1992 23 Lead processes
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4.3 Unit process or processes
Unit process associated with listed activities in operation at the premises are listed in
Table 6.
Table 6: Unit processes
Unit Process Unit Process Function Batch or Continuous Process
2% melting pot (6 t)
Melting of lead and antimony
to produce lead bars for billets,
wire or shot.
Batch
9% melting pot (6 t)
Melting of lead and antimony
to produce lead bars for billets,
wire or shot.
Batch
Melting pot 1 (3 t)
Melting of lead, antimony and
tin to produce solder bars, sticks
or wire.
Batch
Melting pot 2 (600 kg)
Melting of lead, antimony and
tin to produce solder bars, sticks
or wire; or
Melting lead to produce sash
weights.
Batch
Melting pot 3 (600 kg)
Melting of lead, antimony and
tin to produce solder bars, sticks
or wire; or
Melting of tin and copper to
produce pewter bars.
Batch
7 x wheel balancing weight
melting pot (700 kg) and
casting machines
Melting of lead to produce
wheel balancing weights. Continuous
4.4 Hours of operation
LASS’s operational hours are listed in Table 7. The factory is closed on Saturdays,
Sundays, and public holidays.
Table 7: Hours of operation
Unit Process Operating hours Number of Days Operated per
Year(a)
2% melting pot (6 t) Mon to Thu 07:30 to 16:00
Fri 07:15 to 13:00 250
9% melting pot (6 t) Mon to Thu 07:30 to 16:00
Fri 07:15 to 13:00 250
Melting pot 1 (3 t) Mon to Thu 07:30 to 16:00
Fri 07:15 to 13:00 250
Melting pot 2 (600 kg) Mon to Thu 07:30 to 16:00
Fri 07:15 to 13:00 250
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Unit Process Operating hours Number of Days Operated per
Year(a)
Melting pot 3 (600 kg) Mon to Thu 07:30 to 16:00
Fri 07:15 to 13:00 250
7 x wheel balancing weight
melting pot (700 kg) and
casting machines
Mon to Thu 07:30 to 16:00
Fri 07:15 to 13:00 250
Notes:
(a) LASS operates 250 days per year. Except for the WBWM, melting pots produce products in
batches and might not be continually operational for 250 days of the year.
4.5 Graphical process information
The following is submitted with the application form:
• Annex A, a simplified block diagram
• Annex B, a basic site layout map (a floor plan was not available)
5 RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
Raw material information, production and by-production rates and emissions
information are supplied in this section of the application.
5.1 Raw materials used
Table 8: Raw materials used
Raw Material
Type
Maximum
Permitted
Consumption
Rate (Quantity)
Design
Consumption
Rate (Quantity)
Actual
Consumption
Rate (Quantity)
Units (Quantity
per Period)
Lead ingots n/a1 n/a 1 600 kg per month
Tin ingots n/a n/a 300 kg per month
Antimony ingots n/a n/a 100 kg per month
Copper ingots n/a n/a 30 kg per month
Water soluble oil
for cooling n/a n/a 40 litres per month
1 n/a, not available
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5.2 Production rates
Table 9: Production rates
Raw Material
Type
Maximum
Permitted
Consumption
Rate (Quantity)
Design
Consumption
Rate (Quantity)
Actual
Consumption
Rate (Quantity)
Units (Quantity
per Period)
Lead billets, wire
and shot n/a n/a
Only if specifically
ordered,
maximum 500
kg per month
Solders n/a n/a 200 kg per month
Pewter n/a 300 kg per month
Sash weights n/a n/a 500 kg per month
Wheel balancing
weights n/a n/a 1 000 kg/month
5.3 Materials used in energy sources
Table 10: Materials used in energy sources
Materials for
Energy
Sulphur
Content of
the Material
(%)
Ash Content
of Material
(%)
Maximum
Permitted
Consump-
tion Rate
(Quantity)
Design
Consump-
tion Rate
(Quantity)
Actual
Consump-
tion Rate
(Quantity)
Units
(Quantity
per
Period)
Paraffin 0.05 Not
applicable n/a n/a 700
litres per
month
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5.4 Sources of atmospheric emission (including all tiers of greenhouse gas)
5.4.1 Point source parameters
Table 11: Point source parameters
Unique
Stack ID Source Name
Latitude
(decimal
degrees)2
Longitude
(decimal
degrees)
Height of
Release
Above
Ground (m)
Height
Above
Nearby
Building (m)
Diameter at
Stack Tip /
Vent Exit (m)
Actual Gas
Exit Temp.
(°C)3
Actual Gas
Volumetric
Flow (m³/hr)4
Actual Gas
Exit Velocity
(m/s)
S01 2% melting pot
roof vent -33.910827° 18.643461° 7
2 m above
roof 0.25
Ambient,
20 ºC 41.3 14.0
S02 9% melting pot
roof vent -33.910827° 18.643461° 7
2 m above
roof 0.25
Ambient,
20 ºC 41.3 14.0
S03
Combined roof
vent of melting
pots 1, 2, and 3
-33.910827° 18.643461° 5.5 0.5 m above
roof 0.3
Ambient,
20 ºC 49.3 11.6
S04
Combined vent
for wheel
balancing
weight machines
1 to 4
-33.910735° 18.642893° 4.5
Below roof
level on the
side of the
building
0.18 Ambient,
20 ºC 28.2 18.5
S05
Wheel balancing
weight machines
5 vent
-33.910735° 18.642893° 3
Below roof
level on the
side of the
building
0.18 Ambient,
20 ºC 7.05 4.62
2 Point sources are in very close proximity to each other and more accurate GPS readings not available. Point sources are grouped by approximate
location. 3 Assumption 4 Actual values not available. Refer to Section 5.4.4 (page 19) for a description of the method adopted to calculate volumetric flow rate and exit
velocity
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Unique
Stack ID Source Name
Latitude
(decimal
degrees)2
Longitude
(decimal
degrees)
Height of
Release
Above
Ground (m)
Height
Above
Nearby
Building (m)
Diameter at
Stack Tip /
Vent Exit (m)
Actual Gas
Exit Temp.
(°C)3
Actual Gas
Volumetric
Flow (m³/hr)4
Actual Gas
Exit Velocity
(m/s)
S06
Wheel balancing
weight machine
6 vent
-33.910735° 18.642893° 3
Below roof
level on the
side of the
building
0.18 Ambient,
20 ºC 7.05 4.62
S07
Wheel balancing
weight machine
7 vent
-33.910735° 18.642893° 3
Below roof
level on the
side of the
building
0.18 Ambient,
20 ºC 7.05 4.62
Page 16 of 24
5.4.2 Point source emissions
Since emission values have not been measured at the LASS, emissions reported below (Table 12) are estimates based on Minimum
Emission Standards reported under normal conditions of 273 K, 101. 3 kPa. Greenhouse gas emissions are included in Table 13.
Table 12: Point source emissions
ID Pollutant (mg/Nm³)5,6 (mg/Am³)7 g/s Averaging period Tons per annum Emission hours Type of emission
S01
Pb 2 1.84 6.56E-04 8-hour average 0.00469 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
PM(b) 100 92 3.28E-02 8-hour average 0.235 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
SO2 500 460 1.64E-01 8-hour average 1.17 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
NOx as NO2 2 000 1840 6.56E-01 8-hour average 4.69 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
S02
Pb 2 1.84 6.56E-04 8-hour average 0.00469 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
PM(b) 100 92 3.28E-02 8-hour average 0.235 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
SO2 500 460 1.64E-01 8-hour average 1.17 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
NOx as NO2 2 000 1840 6.56E-01 8-hour average 4.69 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
S03
Pb 2 1.84 7.83E-04 8-hour average 0.0056 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
PM(b) 100 92 3.92E-02 8-hour average 0.28 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
SO2 500 460 1.96E-01 8-hour average 1.4 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
NOx as NO2 2 000 1840 7.83E-01 8-hour average 5.6 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
S04 Pb 2 1.84 4.47E-04 8-hour average 0.0032 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
5 Section 21 Minimum Emission Standards for Section 21 listed activity subcategory 4.2, 4.13 or 4.15, plant status existing 6 Were PM emissions from more than one listed activity are released from a combined point source (ID 1, 2, and 3), the maximum PM Minimum
Emission Standard is applied 7 Reference conditions for actual pollutant concentrations, 293 K, 100 kPa
Page 17 of 24
ID Pollutant (mg/Nm³)5,6 (mg/Am³)7 g/s Averaging period Tons per annum Emission hours Type of emission
PM 30 27.6 6.71E-03 8-hour average 0.048 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
S05 Pb 2 1.84 1.12E-04 8-hour average 0.0008 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
PM 30 27.6 1.68E-03 8-hour average 0.012 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
S06 Pb 2 1.84 1.12E-04 8-hour average 0.0008 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
PM 30 27.6 1.68E-03 8-hour average 0.012 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
S07 Pb 2 1.84 1.12E-04 8-hour average 0.0008 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
PM 30 27.6 1.68E-03 8-hour average 0.012 8 h/d, 250 d/y Routine, continuous
Table 13: Greenhouse gas emissions
Source Pollutant Emission rate
Paraffin combustion at: 2% melting pot, 9% melting
pot, and melting pots 1 to 3
Total CO2eq 98.8 tonnes per annum
Page 18 of 24
5.4.3 Point source emissions monitoring
Emissions monitoring have, to date, not been conducted at LASS. Monitoring requirements are listed in Table 14.
Table 14: Point source emissions monitoring requirements
ID Emission Sampling / Monitoring Method Sampling
Frequency Sampling Duration
Measured
Parameters
S01 Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 218 Annually
Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21
Pb, PM, SO2, and
NOx
S02 Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Annually
Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21
Pb, PM, SO2, and
NOx
S03 Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Annually
Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21
Pb, PM, SO2, and
NOx
S04 Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Annually
Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Pb, PM
S05 Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Annually
Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Pb, PM
S06 Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Annually
Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Pb, PM
S07 Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Annually
Standard sampling and analysis methods listed in
Annex A of Section 21 Pb, PM
8 Section 21 of the National Environmental Management Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004)
Page 19 of 24
5.4.4 Point source emission estimation information
Table 15: Point source emission information
ID Basis for Emission Rates
S01 Existing plant minimum emission standard (MES) for; subcategory 4.2 listed activity ‘Combustion processes’, subcategory 4.13 listed activity
‘Lead processes’, and subcategory 4.15 listed activity ‘Processing of arsenic, antimony, beryllium, chromium, and silicon’.
S02 Existing plant MES for; subcategory 4.2 listed activity ‘Combustion processes’, subcategory 4.13 listed activity ‘Lead processes’, and
subcategory 4.15 listed activity ‘Processing of arsenic, antimony, beryllium, chromium, and silicon’.
S03 Existing plant MES for; subcategory 4.2 listed activity ‘Combustion processes’, subcategory 4.13 listed activity ‘Lead processes’, and
subcategory 4.15 listed activity ‘Processing of arsenic, antimony, beryllium, chromium, and silicon’.
S04 Existing plant MES for; subcategory 4.13 listed activity ‘Lead processes’, and subcategory 4.15 listed activity ‘Processing of arsenic, antimony,
beryllium, chromium, and silicon’.
S05 Existing plant MES for; subcategory 4.13 listed activity ‘Lead processes’, and subcategory 4.15 listed activity ‘Processing of arsenic, antimony,
beryllium, chromium, and silicon’.
S06 Existing plant MES for; subcategory 4.13 listed activity ‘Lead processes’, and subcategory 4.15 listed activity ‘Processing of arsenic, antimony,
beryllium, chromium, and silicon’.
S07 Existing plant MES for; subcategory 4.13 listed activity ‘Lead processes’, and subcategory 4.15 listed activity ‘Processing of arsenic, antimony,
beryllium, chromium, and silicon’.
Volumetric
flow rates
(S01 to S07)
Calculation of point source volumetric flow rate:
Information on the volumetric flow rate of the fume extraction systems at LASS is not currently available. Theoretical estimates of volumetric
flow rates were made based on (a) available lead emission factors for solder manufacturing and (b) the MES of 2 mg/Nm3 lead for the lead
smelting process. The methodology is explained stepwise:
1. The scrubber controlled emission factor for melting pots used in solder manufacturing facilities is 0.023 kg Pb/tonne material processed.
2. A theoretical uncontrolled emission factor of 0.46 kg Pb/tonne material processed was calculated by conservatively assuming a
theoretical scrubber control efficiency of 95%.
3. LASS processes a total 2 030 kg of material per month. It was assumed that all material first passes through the 2% and 9% melting pots
before entering the rest of the process. Per melting pot, the following material processing rates were assumed based on pot capacity:
a. 2% melting pot, 850 kg/month
b. 9% melting pot, 850 kg/month
c. Melting pot 1, 203 kg/month
d. Melting pot 2, 508 kg/month
Page 20 of 24
ID Basis for Emission Rates
e. Melting pot 3, 305 kg/month
f. WBW machines 1 to 7, 145 kg/month-pot, 1 015 kg/month-total
4. Total Pb emissions per pot were calculated using the emission factor from step (2) and the pot throughputs from step (3) using the
following equation:
𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑚𝑔
𝑠⁄ ) = 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑘𝑔
𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒⁄ ) ∙ 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑡(𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ⁄ ) ∙
1 000 000 (𝑚𝑔
𝑘𝑔⁄ )
166 (𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ⁄ ) ∙ 3 600 (𝑠
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟⁄ )
5. The total emission rate (in mg/s) calculated per point source since some emission sources share a common stack.
6. The normalised volumetric flow rate requirement for each point source (in Nm3/s) was calculated by assuming the minimum emission
standard of 2 mg/Nm3 will be met:
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑁𝑚3
𝑠) =
𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑚𝑔
𝑠)
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 (𝑚𝑔
𝑁𝑚3)
7. Actual volumetric flow rates (in Am3/s) were calculated at 100 kPa and ambient air temperature (293 K).
8. Stack gas exit velocities were calculated as follows:
𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚
𝑠) =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝐴𝑚3
𝑠)
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑚2)
Greenhouse
gas
emissions
(S01 to S04)
Greenhouse gas emissions calculations are based on the carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factors for
distillate fuel oil of 2.7, 0.11 and 0.021 kg/L respectively. 4.2 L of paraffin is used per hour to heat the melting pots. The global warming potential
of CO2, CH4, and N2O is 1, 25 and 298 respectively. Emissions are reported as the total CO2eq.
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5.4.5 Area and/or line source parameters
Not applicable to LASS.
5.4.6 Area and/or line source emissions
Not applicable to LASS.
5.4.7 Area and/or line source management and mitigation measures
Not applicable to LASS.
5.4.8 Area and/or line source emissions estimation information
Not applicable to LASS.
6 APPLIANCES AND MEASURES TO PREVENT AIR POLLUTION
6.1 Appliances and control measures
At the time of writing this application, no pollution control or appliances were installed at LASS.
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6.2 Start-up, maintenance, and shut down conditions
Due to the nature of the process, the variation in atmospheric emissions during start-up, operation, and shut down is considered
immaterial.
6.3 Complaint register
Is a complaint register maintained at the site of works?
X Yes No complaints received
No
To be initiated, by date:
7 DISPOSAL OF WASTE AND EFFLUENT ARISING FROM ABATEMENT EQUIPMENT
Not currently applicable to LASS.
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8 ANNEX A | SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM
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9 ANNEX B | BASIC SITE LAYOUT MAP