Appendix A: Experimental Materials for Experiment

Incremental Processing of Coreference and Binding in Japanese

Sachiko Aoshima, Masaya Yoshida, & Colin Phillips

Appendix: Experimental Materials for Experiments

A: Experiment 1A, Acceptability Judgment Task

Each of the items in this list represents a full set of stimuli from the acceptability judgment task in Experiment 1A. Alternative types of wh-phrases (non-wh-phrase, wh-phrase) are indicated in curly brackets. Alternative word orders (scrambled, cannonical) are given in square brackets, separated by a slash (/). Noun phrases of the coreference in question are underlined. A set of four conditions is provided in (15) in the main text.

1. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} gakusei[ga/ni] syokudoo-de sensee[ni/ga] atta.{no?}

He-gen {which} student[nom-dat] cafeteria-at teacher[dat/nom] met.{QP?}

{Which of} his student{s} met the teacher at the cafeteria.{?}

{Which of} his student{s}, {did} the teacher met {meet} at the cafeteria.{?}

2. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} dooryoo[ga/ni] siaigo yakyuusensyu[ni/ga] gekiree-no kotoba-o okutta.{no?}

He-gen {which} teammate[nom-dat] game-after player[dat/nom] encourage-gen ords-acc sent.{QP?}

{Which of} his teammate{s} gave the player encouraging words after the game.{?}

To {which of} his teammate{s}, {did} the player gave {give} encouraging words after the game.{?}

3. {}[/ ][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} aijin[ga/ni] haraiseni booryokudankumicyoo[ni/ga] kyoohakujoo-o okurituketa.{no?}

He-gen {which} lover[nom-dat] out-of-spite gang leader[dat/nom] threatening letter-acc sent-out.{QP?}

{Which of} his lover{s} sent the gang leader a threatening letter out of spite.{?}

To {which of} his lover{s}, {did} the gang leader sent {send} a threatening letter out of spite.{?}

4. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} torihikisaki[ga/ni] kokusaidenwa-de nakagagainin[ni/ga] kabuken-o utta.{no?}

He-gen {which} client[nom-dat] international call-by broker[dat/nom] stock-acc sold.{QP?}

{Which of} his client{s} sold the broker stock by an international call.{/?}

To {which of} his client{s}, {did} the broker sold {sell} stock by an international call.{?}

5. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} tijin[ga/ni] kimaeyoku seibikooin[ni/ga] okane-o kasita.{no?}

He-gen {which} acquaintance [nom-dat] generously maintenance man[dat/nom] money-acc lent.{QP?}

{Which of} his acquaintance {s} lent the maintenance man money generously.{?}

To {which of} his acquaintance{s}, {did} the maintenance man lent {lend} money generously.{?}

6. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} tomodachi[ga/ni] machikado-de kaisyain[ni/ga] michizun-o kiita.{no?}

He-gen {which} friend[nom-dat] street-at office worker[dat/nom] direction-acc asked.{QP?}

{Which of} his friend{s} asked the office worker directions at a street.{?}

To {which of} his friend{s}, {did} the office worker asked {ask} directions at a street.{?}

7. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} siriai[ga/ni] hoocyoo-de sono otoko[ni/ga] osoikakatta.{no?}

He-gen {which} acquaintance[nom-dat] knife-with the man[dat/nom] attacked.{QP?}

{Which of} his acquaintance {s} attacked the man with a knife.{?}

{Which of} his acquaintance {s}, {did} the man attacked {attack} with a knife.{?}

8. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} osananajimi[ga/ni] genkin-de syacyoo[ni/ga] gaisya-o utta.{no?}

He-gen {which} childhood friend[nom-dat] cash-with CEO[dat/nom] foreign car-acc sold.{QP?}

{Which of} his childhood friend{s} sold the CEO a foreign car with cash.{?}

To {which of} his childhood friend{s}, {did} the CEO sold {sell} a foreign car with cash.{?}

9. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} tomodati[ga/ni] cyuusyajoo-de syufu[ni/ga] hanasikaketa.{no?}

Her-gen {which} friend[nom-dat] parking lot-at housewife[dat/nom] called.{QP?}

{Which of} her friend{s} called the housewife at the parking lot.{?}

{Which of} her friend{s}, {did} the housewife called {call} at the parking lot.{?}

10. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} dookyuusee[ga/ni] tanjoobi-de josiseito[ni/ga] sisyuu-o ageta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} classmate[nom-dat] birthday-on girl student[dat/nom] poem anthology-acc gave.{QP?}

{Which of} her classmate{s} gave the girl student a poem anthology on her birthday.{?}

To {which of} her classmate {s}, {did} the girl student gave {give} a poem anthology on her birthday.{?}

11. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} yuujin[ga/ni] yatto sono onnanoko[ni/ga] aisatujoo-o dasita.{no?}

Her-gen {which} friend[nom-dat] finally the girl[dat/nom] greeting letter-acc posted.{QP?}

{Which of} her friend{s} finally posted the girl a greeting letter.{?}

To {which of} her friend {s}, {did} the girl finally posted {post} a greeting letter.{?}

12. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} joosi[ga/ni] mezurasiku josisyain[ni/ga] aisatusita.{no?}

Her-gen {which} superior[nom-dat] unusually the female employee[dat/nom] greeted.{QP?}

{Which of} her superior{s} unusually greeted the female employee.{?}

{Which of} her superior{s}, {did} the female unusually employee greet {greeted}.{?}

13. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} itoko [ga/ni] yoruosoku cyoojo[ni/ga] fakkusu-o okutta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} cousin[nom-dat] late at night the first daughter[dat/nom] facsimile-acc sent.{QP?}

{Which of} her cousin{s} sent the first daughter a facsimile late at night.{?}

To {which of} her cousin {s}, {did} the first daughter sent {send} a facsimile late at night.{?}

14. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} kyaku [ga/ni] resutoran-de weitoresu[ni/ga] denwabangoo-o tazuneta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} customer[nom-dat] restaurant-at the waitress[dat/nom] telephone number-acc asked.{QP?}

{Which of} her customer{s} asked the waitress her telephone number at the restaurant.{?}

To {which of} her customer {s}, {did} the waitress asked {ask} her telephone number at the restaurant.{?}

15. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} kodomo[ga/ni] niwa-de oba[ni/ga] booru-o nageta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} child[nom-dat] garden-at the aunt[dat/nom] ball-acc threw.{QP?}

{Which of} her child{s} threw the aunt a ball at the garden.{?}

To {which of} her child{s}, {did} the aunt threw {throw} a ball at the garden.{?}

16. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} sensee [ga/ni] kenkyuusitu-de josidaisei[ni/ga] atarasii ronbun-o syookaisita.{no?}

Her-gen {which} teacher[nom-dat] office-at female college student[dat/nom] new paper-acc introduced.{QP? .{?}

{Which of} her teacher{s} introduced the female college student a new paper at the office.{?}

To {which of} her teacher {s}, {did} the female college student introduced {introduce} a new paper at the office.{?}

17. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} kanja[ga/ni] byoositu-de incyoo[ni/ga] monku-o kiita.{no?}

He-gen {which} patient[nom-dat] sickroom-at chief doctor[dat/nom] complaint-acc said.{QP?}

{Which of} his patient{s} gave the chief doctor his complaint in the sickroom.{?}

To {which of} his patient{s}, {did} the chief doctor gave {give} his complaint in the sickroom.{?}?

18. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} dooryoo[ga/ni] mezurasiku keiji[ni/ga] sushi-o gotisoosita.{no?}

He-gen {which} coworker[nom-dat] unusually detective[dat/nom] sushi-acc treated.{QP?}

{Which of} his coworker{s} unusually treated the detective sushi.{?}

To {which of} his coworker{s}, {did} the detective unusually treated {treat} sushi.{?}

19. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} aijin[ga/ni] futoonimo yakuza[ni/ga] baisyookin-o seikyuusita.{no?}

He-gen {which} lover[nom-dat] unreasonably gangster[dat/nom] compensation-acc requested.{QP?}

{Which of} his lover{s} requested the gangster compensation unreasonably.{?}

To {which of} his lover{s}, {did} the gangster requested {request} compensation unreasonably.{?}

20. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} paatonaa[ga/ni] butookai-de dansyaku[ni/ga] homekotoba-o okutta.{no?}

He-gen {which} partner[nom-dat] dance party-at baron[dat/nom] compliment-acc gave.{QP?}

{Which of} his partner{s} gave the baron compliement at the dance party.{?}

To {which of} his partner{s}, {did} the baron gave {give} compliment gave at the dance party.{?}

21. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} kaiin[ga/ni] ressun-go toreenaa[ni/ga] eiyoozai-o susumeta.{no?}

He-gen {which} club member[nom-dat] lesson-after trainer[dat/nom] nutrition-acc recommended.{QP?}

{Which of} his club member{s} recommended the trainer a nutrition after the lesson.{?}

To {which of} his club member{s}, {did} the trainer recommended {recommend} a nutrition after the lesson.{?}?

22. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} yuujin[ga/ni] siai-go sakkaasensyu[ni/ga] ooenguzzu-o kubatta.{no?}

He-gen {which} friend[nom-dat] game-after soccer player[dat/nom] cheering gift-acc handed out.{QP?}

{Which of} his friend{s} handed out the soccer player cheering gifts after the game.{?}

To {which of} his lover{s}, {did} the soccer player handed {hand} out cheering gifts after the game.{?}

23. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} dookyuusee[ga/ni] kyoositu-de otokonoko[ni/ga] shukudai-no kotae-o osieta.{no?}

He-gen {which} classmate[nom-dat] classroom-at boy[dat/nom] homework-gen answer taught.{QP?}

{Which of} his classmate{s} told the boy the homework answer in the classroom.{?}

To {which of} his classmate{s}, {did} the boy told {tell} the homework answer in the classroom.{?}

24. {}[/][/]{?}

Kare-no {dono} kyaku[ga/ni] rissyokukai-no-ato ryooricyoo[ni/ga] oreijoo-o dasita.{no?}

He-gen {which} customer[nom-dat] buffet party-after chief cook[dat/nom] thank-you letter sent.{QP?}

{Which of} his customer{s} sent the chief cook a thank-you letter after the buffet party.{?}

To {which of} his customer{s}, {did} the chief cook sent {send} a thank-you letter after the buffet party.{?}

25. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} siriai [ga/ni] kontesuto kaijoo-de misu tokyoo[ni/ga] otosimono-o todoketa.{no?}

Her-gen {which} acquaintance[nom-dat] contest place-at Miss Tokyo[dat/nom] lost article-acc delivered.{QP?}

{Which of} her acquaintance{s} delivered Miss Tokyo the lost article at the contest place.{?}

To {which of} her acquaintance{s}, {did} Miss Tokyo delivered {deliver} the lost article at the contest place.{?}

26. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} osananajimi [ga/ni] tanjookai-de imooto[ni/ga] bara-no hanataba-o okutta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} childhood friend[nom-dat] birthday party-at sister[dat/nom] rose bouquet-acc gifted.{QP?}

{Which of} her childhood friend{s} presented the sister a rose bouquet at the birthday party.{?}

To {which of} her childhood friend {s}, {did} the sister presented {present} a rose bouquet at the birthday party.{?}

27. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} kooensya[ga/ni] kossori onnadaigisi[ni/ga] okane-o tewatasita.{no?}

Her-gen {which} patron[nom-dat] secretly female congressman[dat/nom] money-acc handed.{QP?}

{Which of} her patron{s} handed the female congressman money secretly.{?}

To {which of} her patron{s}, {did} the female congressman handed money secretly.{?}

28. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} torihikisaki[ga/ni] zanyoo-cyuu kyariauuman[ni/ga] naibusiryoo-o tensoosita.{no?}

Her-gen {which} client[nom-dat] overtime work-during business woman[dat/nom] internal document-acc forwarded.{QP?}

{Which of} her client{s} forwarded the business woman the internal document during overtime work.{?}

To {which of} her client{s}, {did} the business woman forwarded {forward} the internal document during overtime work.{?}

29. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} enji[ga/ni] ohiruyasumi-ni hobo[ni/ga] ensoku-no hanasi-o tutaeta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} kindergarten child[nom-dat] lunch time-at kindergarten teacher[dat/nom] excursion-gen tale-acc told.{QP?}

{Which of} her kindergarten child{s} told the kindergarten teacher about the excursion at lunchtime.{?}

To {which of} her kindergarten child {s}, {did} the kindergarten teacher told about the excursion at lunchtime.{?}

30. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} hoomonkyaku[ga/ni] genkanhooru-de onnasyacyoo[ni/ga] siryoo-o azuketa.{no?}

Her-gen {which} visitor[nom-dat] front hall-at female CEO[dat/nom] document-acc left.{QP?}

{Which of} her visitor{s} left the female CEO at the front hall.{?}

To {which of} her visitor{s}, {did} the female CEO left {leave} at the front hall.{?}

31. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} syootaikyaku[ga/ni] paatii-de syacyooreijoo[ni/ga] minouebanasi-o katatta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} guest[nom-dat] party-at presidents daughter[dat/nom] life story-acc told.{QP?}

{Which of} her guest{s}told the presidents daughter about the life story at the party.{?}

To {which of} her guest{s}, {did} the presidents daughter told {tell} about the life story at the party.{?}

32. {}[/][/]{?}

Kanojo-no {dono} sigotonakama[ga/ni] hirooen-de hanayome[ni/ga] syasin-o miseta.{no?}

Her-gen {which} coworker[nom-dat] wedding reception-at bride[dat/nom] picture-acc showed.{QP?}

{Which of} her coworker{s}showed the bride pictures at the wedding reception.{?}

To {which of} her coworker {s}, {did} the bride showed {show} pictures at the wedding reception.{?}

B: Experiment 1B, Self-paced Reading Task

Each of the items in this list represents a full set of stimuli from the self-paced reading task in Experiment 1B. Alternative word orders of wh-phrases (scrambled or cannonical) are given in curly brackets, separated by a slash (/). The alternation of the gender is indicated by brackets, separated by a slash (/). A set of conditions is already provided in (16) in the main text. Below is a full set of conditions.

1. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ (/ )]

daidokoro-de kare-no dono-kodomo{-ni / -ga} tyoosokugo [oba / oji]{-ga / -ni} isoide obentoo-o

kitchen-at him-gen which-child{-dat / -nom} breakfast-after [aunt / uncle]{-nom / -dat} hastily lunch box-acc watasita-ka [ticioya (/ oba)]-wa oboeteita.

handed-QP the [father (/ aunt)]-top remembered

At the kitchen, [the father/the aunt] remembered to which of his children [the aunt / the uncle] hastily handed a lunch box after breadfast.

At the kitchen, the father remembered which of his children hastily handed a lunch box to [the aunt / the uncle] after breadfast.

2. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ (/ )]

byoositu-de kare-no dono-kanja{-ni / -ga} sinsatucyuu [kangofu / incyoo]{-ga / -ni} bureinimo

sick room-at him-gen which-patinet{-dat / -nom} examination-during [nurse / chief doctor]{-nom / -dat} offensively

monku-o itta-ka [tantooi (/ kangofu)]-wa sitteiru.

complaint-acc said-QP [doctor-in-charge (/ nurse)]-top know

At the sick room, [the doctor in charge/the nurse] knows to which of his patients [the nurse / the chief doctor] said offensively a complaint during the examination.

At the sick room, the doctor in charge knows which of his patients said offensively a complaint to [the nurse / the chief doctor] during the examination.

3. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ (/ )]

kyoositu-de kare-no dono-dookyuusee{-ni / -ga} hookago [onnanoko / otokonoko]{-ga / -ni} kossori syukudai-o

classroom-at him-gen which-classmate{-dat / -nom} class-after [girl / boy]{-nom / -dat} secretly homework-acc osieta-ka sono[syoonen (/ onnanoko)]-wa kininatteita.

taught-QP the [boy (/ girl)]-top wondered

At the classroom, [the boy/the girl] wondered to which of his classmates [the girl / the boy] secretly taught homework after class.

At the classroom, the boy wondered which of his classmates secretly taught homework to [the girl / the boy] after class.

4. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ (/ )]

gakuya-de kare-no dono-fan{-ni / -ga} satueego [joyuu / danyuu]{-ga / -ni} ikinari

dress room-at him-gen which-fan{-dat / -nom} filming-after [actress / actor]{-nom / -dat} suddenly basei-o

abiseta-ka sono[haiyuu (/ joyuu)]-wa sitteita.

abusing words-acc told-QP the [performer (/ actress)]-top knew

At the dress room, [the performer/the actress] knew to which of his fans [the actress / the actor] suddenly told abusing words after filming.

At the dress room, the performerknew which of his fans suddenly told abusing words to [the actress / the actor] after filming.

5. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ (/)]

butookai-de kare-no dono-partner{-ni / -ga} warutu-no-ato [kifujin / dansyaku]{-ga / -ni} mezurasiku

ball party-at him-gen which-partner{-dat / -nom} waltz-dancing-after [noble lady / baron]{-nom / -dat} unusually

homekotoba-o okutta-ka sono[sinsi (/ kifujin)]-wa siritagatta.

compliment-acc told-QP the [gentleman (/ noble lady)]-top wanted-to-know

At the ball party, [the gentleman/the noble lady] wanted to know to which of his partners [the noble lady / the baron] unusually gave compliments after waltz.

At the ball party, the gentleman wanted to know to which of his partners gave unusually compliments to [the noble lady / the baron] after waltz.

6. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

sunakku-de kare-no dono-aijin{-ni / -ga} heitengo [hosutesu / yakuza]{-ga / -ni} futoonimo

bar-at him-gen which-lover{-dat / -nom} closing business-after [hostess / gang]{-nom / -dat} unjustly

baisyookin-o seikyuu-ka sono[tinpira (/ hosutesu)]-wa wakatteita.

compensation-acc request-QP the [punk (/ hostess)]-top understood

At the bar, [the punk/the hostess] understood to which of his lovers [the hostess / the gang] unjustly requested compensation after closing business.

At the bar, the punk understood which of his lovers unjustly requested compensation to [the hostess / the gang] after closing business.

7. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ /]

ringu-de kare-no dono-rensyuusee{-ni / -ga} toreeningucyuu [josipuroresuraa / puroresuraa]{-ga / -ni}

wrestling ring-at him-gen which-trainee{-dat / -nom} training-during [female pro-wrestler / pro-wrestler]{-nom / -dat}

situkoku kansetuwaza-o sikaketa-ka sono[toreenaa (/josipuroresuraa)]-wa knisita.

repeatedly hammerlock-acc put-QP the [trainer (/ female pro-wrestler)]-top wondered

At the wrestling ring, [the trainer/the female pro-wrestler] wondered on which of his trainees [the female pro-wrestler / the pro-wrestler] repeatedly put hammerlock during training.

At the wrestling ring, the trainer wondered which of his trainees repeatedly put hammerlock on [the female pro-wrestler / the pro-wrestler] during training.

8. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

kooban-de kare-no dono-dooryoo{-ni / -ga} yakinake [fukei / keiji]{-ga / -ni}

police box-at him-gen which-coworkers{-dat / -nom} nightshift-after [female policeman / detective]{-nom / -dat}

mezurasiku sushi-o gotisoosita-ka sono[keibuho (/fukei)]-wa omoidasita.

unusually sushi-acc treated-QP [lietenant (/ female policeman)]-top recalled

At the police box, [the lietenant /the female policeman] recalled to which of his coworkers [the female policeman / the detective] treated sushi after nightshift.

At the police box, the lietenant recalled which of his coworkers treated sushi to [the female policeman / the detective] after nightshift.

9. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

gurando-de kare-no dono-yuujin{-ni / -ga} siaigo [josimaneejaa / sakkaasensyu]{-ga / -ni} muriyari

filed-at him-gen which-friend{-dat / -nom} game-after [female manager / soccer player]{-nom / -dat} forcibly

ooenguzzu-o kubatta-ka sono[kooti (/josimaneejaa)]-wa oboeteita.

cheering product-acc handed out-QP [coach (/ female manager)]-top remembered

At the field, [the coach/the female manager] remembered to which of his friends [the female manager / the soccer player] forcibly handed out cheering products after the game.

At the field, the coach remembered which of his friends forcibly handed out cheering products to [the female manager / the soccer player] after the game.

10. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ /]

soosiki-de kare-no dono-sinzoku{-ni / -ga} totuzen [miboojin / gifu]{-ga / -ni} misakaimonaku

funeral-at him-gen which-relative{-dat / -nom} suddenly [widow / father-in-law]{-nom / -dat} discriminately

zaisansoozoku-o kiridasita-ka [sofu (/miboojin)]-wa sitteiru.

inheritance-acc broached-QP [grandfather (/ widow)]-top know

At the funeral, [the grandfather/the widow] knows to which of his relatives [the widow / the father-in-law] discriminately broached the subject of inheritance all of a sudden.

At the funeral, the grandfather knows to which of his relatives discriminately broached the subject of inheritance to [the widow / the father-in-law] all of a sudden.

11. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

supootujimu-de kare-no dono-kaiin{-ni / -ga} ressungo [syufu / toreinaa]{-ga / -ni} nessinni

sports gym-at him-gen which-member{-dat / -nom} lesson-after [houswife / trainer]{-nom / -dat} eagerly nutritive

eiyoozai-o susumeta-ka [oonaa (/syufu)]-wa omoidasita.

pill-acc recommended-QP [owner (/ housewife)]-top recalled

At the sports gym, [the owner/the housewife] recalled to which of his members [the housewife / the trainer] eagerly recommended the nutritive pills after the lesson.

At the sports gym, the owner recalled which of his memberseagerly recommended the nutritive pills to [the housewife / the trainer] after the lesson.

12. { / } [ /]{ / } [ / ]

resutoran-de kare-no dono-kyaku{-ni / -ga} rissyokukainoato [wueitresu / ryooricyoo]{-ga / -ni}

restaurant-at him-gen which-customer{-dat / -nom} buffet party-after [waitress / chief cook]{-nom / -dat}

kicyoomennimo oreijoo-o dasita-ka [tencyoo (/wueitresu)]-wa wasuretesimatta.

businesslikely thank you letter-acc sent-QP [restaurant owner (/ waitress)]-top forgot

At the restaurant, [the restaurant owner/the waitress] forgot to which of his customers [the waitress / the chief cook] businesslikely sent a thank-you letter after the buffet party.

At the restaurant, the restaurant owner forgot which of his customers businesslikely sent a thank-you letter to [the waitress / the chief cook] after the buffet party.

13. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

benkyoobeya-de kanojo-no dono-osananajimi{-ni / -ga} tanjookai-de [ani / imooto]{-ga / -ni}

study room-at her-gen which-childhood friend{-dat / -nom} birthday party-at [elder brother / younger sister]{-nom / -dat}

kidotte bara-no -hanataba-o okutta-ka [ane (/ani)]-wa siritagatta.

pompously rose bouquet-acc gifted-QP [elder sister(/ elder brother)]-top wanted-to-know

At the study room, [the elder sister /the elder brother] wanted to know to which of her childhood friends [the elder brother / the younter sister] pompously gifted the rose bouquet at the birthday party.

At the study room, the elder sister wanted to know which of her childhood friends pompously gifted the rose bouquet to [the elder brother / the younter sister] at the birthday party.

14. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

senkyojimusyo-de kanojo-no dono-kooensya{-ni / -ga} enzetu-go [sooridaijin /

election campaign office-at her-gen which-patron{-dat / -nom} speech-after [prime minister /

onnadaigisi]{-ga / -ni} kossori okane-o tewatasita-ka [joseekoohosya (/sooridaijin)]-wa

female congressman]{-nom / -dat} secretly money-acc handed-QP [female candidate (/ prime minister)]-top

oboeteiru.

remembered

At the election campaign office, [the female candidate / Prime Minister] remembered to which of her patrons [Prime Minister / the female congressman] secretly handed money after the speech.

At the election campaign office, the femail candidate remembered which of her patrons secretly handed money to [Prime Minister / the female congressman] after the speech.

15. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

contest place-de kanojo-no dono-siriai{-ni / -ga} sinsacyokuzen-ni [keibiin / misu tookyoo]{-ga / -ni}

contest place-at her-gen which-acqueintance {-dat / -nom} judge-right-before [guardman / Miss Tokyo]{-nom / -dat}

isoide otosimono-o todoketa-ka [misu oosaka (/keibiin)]-wa sitteita.

hastily lost article-acc delivered-QP [Miss Osaka (/ guardman)]-top knew

At the contest place, [Miss Osaka/ the guardman] knew to which of her acqueintances [the guardman / Miss Tokyo] hastily delivered the lost article right before the judge.

At the contest place, Miss Osaka knew which of her acqueintances hastily delivered the lost article to [the guardman / Miss Tokyo] right before the judge.

16. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

hirooen-de kanojo-no dono-sigotonakama{-ni / -ga} kanpai-no-ato [hanamuko / hanayome]{-ga / -ni} jimangeni

wedding reception-at her-gen which-officemate {-dat / -nom} cheers-after [bridegroom / bride]{-nom / -dat} pridely

syasin-o miseta-ka [imooto (/hanamuko)]-wa omoidasita.

photo-acc showed-QP [younger sister (/ bridegroom)]-top recalled

At the wedding reception, [the younger sister/ the bridegroom] knew to which of her officemates [the bridegroom / bride] pridely showed the photos after cheers.

At the wedding reception, the younger sister knew which of her officemates pridely showed the photos to [the bridegroom / bride] after cheers.

17. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

inaka-de kanojo-no dono-tijin{-ni / -ga} hooji-no-ato [jinan / hahaoya]{-ga / -ni}

hometown-at her-gen which-acqueintance {-dat / -nom} memorial service-after [second son / mother]{-nom / -dat}

murini yakimono-o urituketa-ka [cyoojo (/jinan)]-wa sitteiru.

forcibly pottery-acc sold-QP [first daughter (/ second son)]-top know

At the hometown, [the first daughter / the second son] knows to which of her acqueintances [the second son / the mother] forcibly sold the pottery after the memorial service.

At the hometown, the first daughter knows which of her acqueintances forcibly sold the pottery to [the second son / the mother] after the memorial service.

18. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

genkanhooru-de kanojo-no dono-hoomonkyaku{-ni / -ga} kaigimae-ni [kaicyoo / onnakaicyoo]{-ga / -ni}

front desk-at her-gen which-visitor{-dat / -nom} meeting-before [president / female president]{-nom / -dat}

aoyamatte siryoo-o azuketa-ka [uketukejoo (/kaicyoo)]-wa kininatta.

mistakenly document-acc left-QP [receptionist (/ president)]-top wondered

At the front desk, [the receptionist / the president] wondered for which of her visitors [the president / the female president] mistakenly left the document before the meeting.

At the front desk, the receptionist wondered to which of her visitorsmistakenly left the document for [the president / the female president] before the meeting.

19. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

kankoobasu-de kanojo-no dono-jookyaku{-ni / -ga} karaoke-ni [untensyu / basugaido]{-ga / -ni} omosirogatte

tour bus-in her-gen which-passenger{-dat / -nom} karaoke-in [driver / tour guide]{-nom / -dat} in-amusement minyoo-o utawaseta-ka [minaraibasugaido (/untensyu)]-wa oboeteita.

folk song-acc make-sing-QP [probationary guide (/ driver)]-top remembered

In the tour bus, [the probationary guide / the driver] remembered to which of her passengers [the driver / the tour guide] in amusement made sing folk songs in karaoke.

In the tour bus, the probationary guide remembered which of her passengers in amusement made [the driver / the tour guide] sing folk songs in karaoke.

20. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

oohiroma-de kanojo-no dono-kerai{-ni / -ga} butookai-cyuu [kokuoo / joooo]{-ga / -ni} kossori oositu-no-himitu-o

hall-in her-gen which-subject{-dat / -nom} ball party-during [King / Queen]{-nom / -dat} slyly royal secrets-acc

tutaeta-ka [oojo (/kokuoo)]-wa siritagatta.

told-QP [princess (/ King)]-top wanted-to-know

In the hall, [the princess / the King] wanted to know to which of her subjects [the King / the Queen] slyly told the royal secrets during the ball party.

In the hall, the princess wanted to know which of her subjects slyly told the royal secrets to [the King / the Queen] during the ball party.

21. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

paatii-de kanojo-no dono-syootaikyaku{-ni / -ga} hitomae-de [syacyooreisoku / syacyooreijoo]{-ga / -ni}

Party-at her-gen which-guest{-dat / -nom} people-front-in [CEOs son / CEOs daughter]{-nom / -dat}

hajimonaku minouebanasi-o katatta-ka [syacyoofujin (/syacyooreisoku)]-wa siritagatta.

shamelessly personal affairs-acc told-QP [CEOs wife (/ CEOs son)]-top minded

At the party, [the CEOs wife / the CEOs son] minded to which of her guests [the CEOs son / the CEOs daughter] shamelessly told the personal affairs in front of people.

At the party, the CEOs wife minded which of her guests shamelessly told the personal affairs to [the CEOs son / the CEOs daughter] in front of people.

22. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

hoikuen-de kanojo-no dono-enji{-ni / -ga} ohiuruyasumi-ni [hofu / hobo]{-ga / -ni}

kindergarten-at her-gen which-kindergartener{-dat / -nom} lunchbreak-at [male kindergarten teacher / female kindergarten teacher]{-nom / -dat}

wakariyasuku ensoku-no-hanasi-o tutaeta-ka [hokenfu (/hofu)]-wa wasuretesimatta.

plainly excursion-acc told-QP [health visitor (/ male kindergarten teacher)]-top forgot

At the kindergarten, [the health visitor / the male kindergarten teacher] forgot to which of her kindergarteners [the male kindergarten teacher / the female kindergarten teacher] plainly told about the excursion at lunchtime.

At the kindergarten, the health visitor forgot which of her kindergarteners plainly told about the excursion to [the male kindergarten teacher / the female kindergarten teacher] at lunchtime.

23. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

ofisu-de kanojo-no dono-torihikisaki{-ni / -ga} zangyoo-cyuu [bisinesuman / kyariauuman]{-ga / -ni}

office-at her-gen which-client{-dat / -nom} overtime-work-during [businessman / businesswoman]{-nom / -dat}

mudande naibusiryoo-o tensoosita- ka sono[hisyo (/bisinesuman)]-wa sitteiru.

without-authority internal-document-acc forwarded-QP [secretary (/ businessman)]-top know

At the office, [the secretary / the businessman] knows to which of her clients [the businessman / the businesswoman] without authority forwarded the internal document during the overtime work.

At the office, the secretary knows which of her clients without authority forwarded the internal document to [the businessman / thebusinesswoman] during the overtime work.

24. { / } [ / ]{ / } [ / ]

kuukoo-de kanojo-no dono-dooryoo{-ni / -ga} ririku-mae [kicyoo / sucyuwaadesu]{-ga / -ni} ayamatte

airport-at her-gen which-colleage{-dat / -nom} takeoff-before [chief pilot / flight attendant]{-nom / -dat} mistakenly

suiminyaku-o nomaseta- ka [beteransucyuwaadesu (/kicyoo)]-wa kininatta.

sleeping pill-acc let-take-QP [veteran flight attendant (/ chief piolt)]-top minded

At the airport, [the veteran flight attendant / the chief pilot] knows to which of her colleages [the chief pilot / the flight attendant] mistakenly let take sleeping pill before takeoff.

At the airport, the veteran flight attendant knows which of her colleages mistakenly let [the chief pilot / the flight attendant] take sleeping pill before takeoff.

C: Experiment 2A, Acceptability Judgment Task

Each of the items in this list represents a full set of stimuli from the acceptability judgment task in Experiment 2A. Alternative word orders of the noun phrases (scrambled or cannonical) are given in curly brackets, separated by a slash (/). The alternation of the soko/asoko pronoun is indicated by square brackets, separated by a slash (/). Quantificational noun phrases of the potential antecedent in question are underlined.A set of conditions is already provided in (26) in the main text. Below is a full set of conditions.

1. [/]/ { / }

sinbunkiji-niyoruto [soko/asoko]-no itiban yakunitatanai yakuin-{o/ga} dono jidoosyagaisya-mo

news article-according-to [soko/asoko]-gen the most useless executive-{acc/nom} every automobile company-mo

{kubinisita/uttaeta}toiu hookoku-ga dehajimeta-rasii

{fired/sued} saying that report-nom emerge-seem

According to the newspaper article, it seems that the report emerged that its most useless executive, every automobile company fired.

According to the newspaper article, it seems that the report emerged that its most useless executive sued every automobile company.

2. [/]/

seken-dewa [soko/asoko]-no itiban zurui kankeesya-{o/ga} dono daigakubyooin-mo

society-in [soko/asoko]-gen the most sly person-concerned-{acc/nom} every university hospital-mo

kyooyakusita toiu uwasa-ga hiromarihajimeteiru-rasii

threated saying that rumor-nom spread-began-to-seemed

In the society, it seemed that the rumor began to spread that its most sly person concerned, every university hospital threated.

In the society, it seemed that the rumor began to spread that its most sly person concerned threated every university hospital.

3. [/]/

cyookan-niwa [soko/asoko]-no itiban tosioita tooin-{o/ga} dono seitoo-mo

morning paper-on [soko/asoko]-gen the most old party-member-{acc/nom} every political party-mo

kokusosita toiu kiji-ga notta-rasii.

accused saying that articule-nom spread-began-to-seemed

On the morning paper, it seemed that the article appeared that its oldest party member, every political party accused.

On the morning paper, it seemed that the article appeared that its oldest party member accused every political party.

4. [/]/{/ }

taibatumondai-no cyoosa-niyoruto [soko/asoko]-no itiban hyoobannowarui kyoosi-{o/ga}

chastisement-gen survey-according to [soko/asoko]-gen the-most unpopular teacher-{acc/nom}

dono syoogakkoo-mo { kubinisita/hihansihajimeta} toiu hookoku-ga atta

every elementary school-mo {fired/criticize-began-to} saying that report-nom exist

According to a survey on chastisement there is a report that its most unpopular teacher, every elementary school fired.

According to a survey on chastisement there is a report that its most unpopular teacher began to criticize every elementary school.

5. [/]/{/}

senmonsi-niyoruto [soko/asoko]-no mottomo taidana siikugakari-{o/ga} dono doobutuen-mo

magazine-according to [soko/asoko]-gen the laziest keeper-{acc/nom} every zoo-mo

{kubinisuru/hinansuru} toiu keikoo-ga dehajimeta-rasii

{fire/criticize} saying that trend-nom appeared-seem

According to a magazine, it seems that a trend appears that its laziest keeper, every zoo fires.

According to a magazine, it seems that a trend appears that its laziest keeper criticizes every zoo.

6. [/]/

cyoosa-niyoruto [soko/asoko]-no mottomo yuusyuuna syain-{o/ga} dono kogaizya-mo

survey-according to [soko/asoko]-gen the most excellent employee-{acc/nom} every subsidiary-mo

kadaihyookasiteiru toiu kekka-ga erareta-rasii

overestimate saying that result-nom indicated-seem

According to a survey, it seems that the result indicated that its most excellent employee, every subsidiary overestimates.

According to a survey, it seems that the result indicated that its most excellent employee overestimates every subsidiary.

7. [/]/

cyoonaikaicyoo-no hanasi-dewa [soko/asoko]-no itiban atarasii kanrinin-{o/ga}

community representative-gen story-according to [soko/asoko]-gen the newest manager-{acc/nom}

dono koominkan-mo hyoosyoositai toiu kiboo-ga deteiru-yooda

every community center-mo want-to-recognize saying that the desire-nom appear-seem

According to the community representatives story, it seems that the desire appears that its newest manager, every community center wants to recognize.

According to the community representatives story, it seems that the desire appears that its newest manager wants to recognize every community center wants.

8. [/]/

puroguramaa-no aida-dewa [soko/asoko]-no itiban yuusyuuna gijutusya-{o/ga}

programmar-gen between-at [soko/asoko]-gen the most excellent technician-{acc/nom}

dono pasokongaisya-mo sinraisiteiru toiu uwasa-ga aru-rasii

every computer company-mo trust saying that rumor-nom exist-seem

Among programmers, it seems that there is a rumor that its most excellent technician, every computer company trusts.

Among programmers, it seems that there is a rumor that its most excellent technician trusts every computer company.

9. [/]/

aru sinraisuji-no joohoo-dewa [soko/asoko]-no itiban kanedukainoarai syoin-{o/ga}

one reliable source-gen information-by [soko/asoko]-gen the most extravagant staff-{acc/nom}

dono kenkyuujo-mo fusinniomotteiru toiu uwasa-ga aru-rasii

every research laboratory-mo distrust saying that rumor-nom exist-seem

According to information of one reliable source, it seems that there is a rumor that its most extravagant staff, every research laboratory distrusts.

According to information of one reliable source, it seems that there is a rumor that its most extravagant staff distrusts every research laboratory.

10. [/]/

Noogyoohakusyo-niyoruto [soko/asoko]-no sainensyoo-no kumiaiin-{o/ga}

agriculture white paper-according-to [soko/asoko]-gen the youngest comrade-{acc/nom}

dono nookyoo-mo fumanniomotteiru toiu hookoku-ga aru-yooda

every farmers cooperative-mo discontented saying that the report-nom exist-seem

According to white paper on agriculture, it seems that there is a report that its youngest comrade, every farmers cooperative is discontented with.

According to white paper on agriculture, it seems that there is a report that its youngest comrade is discontented with every farmers cooperative.

11. [/]{/}

kiitatokoro-niyoruto [soko/asoko]-no itiban taidogawarui-no juugyooin-{o/ga} dono baikugaisya-mo

what-is-heard-according-to [soko/asoko]-gen the worst manner worker-{acc/nom} every motorbike company-mo

{sikarituketa/monku-o itta} toiu koto-ga atta-rasii

{scold/complained} saying that the thing-nom exist-seem

According to what one heard, it seems that there was an incident that its worker with the worst manner, every motorbike company scolded.

According to what one heard, it seems that there was an incident that its worker with the worst manner complained about every motorbike company.

12. [/]/

Aru hookoku-dewa [soko/asoko]-no sainencyoo-no sensyu-{o/ga} dono kyuudan-mo

one report-according-to [soko/asoko]-gen the oldest player-{acc/nom} every baseball team-mo

neratteiru ugoki-ga aru-yooda

aim saying that the trend-nom exist-seem

According to one report, it seems that there is a trend that its oldest player, every baseball team aims at.

According to one report, it seems that there is a trend that its oldest player aimes at every baseball team.

D: Experiment 2B, Acceptability Judgment Task

Each of the items in this list represents a full set of stimuli from the self-paced reading task in Experiment 2B. The (a) sentences are materials of personal pronoun condition, while the (b) sentences are those of soko pronoun condition. The alternation of the subject noun phrases, referential NPs or quantificational NPs is indicated by brackets, separated by a slash (/). A set of conditions is already provided in (27) and (28) respectively in the main text. Below is a full set of conditions.

1a. [/]

kare-no seito-ni [sono sensee-wa/dono-sensee-mo] seitosidoositu-de sikenkekka-o tutaeta.

him-gen student-dat [the teacher-top/every-teacher-mo] counseling room-at exam grades-acc told.

To his student, [the teacher/every teacher] told their exam grades at the counseling room.

1b. [/]

soko-no syain-ni [sono hokengaisya-wa/dono hokengaisya-mo]

its place-gen employee-dat [the health insurance company-top/every-health insurance company-mo]

cyoorei-de eigyooseiseki-o tutaeta.

morning meeting-at business performance-acc told

To its employee, [the health insurance company / every health insurance company] told their business performance at the morning meeting.

2a. [/]

kanojo-no koibito-ni [sono josidaisee-wa/dono-josidaisee-mo] kurisumasupaatii-de purezento-o

her-gen lover-dat [the female college student-top/every-female college student-mo] Christmas party-at present-acc

okuttasooda.

sent-seemed.

It seemed that to her lover, [the female college student/every female college student] gave a present at the Christmas party.

2b. [/]

soko-no kongofu-ni [sono daigakubyooin-wa/dono daigakubyooin-mo] iryoomisusoodoo-de

its place-gen nurse-dat [the university hospital-top/every-university hospital-mo] mistreatment scandal-by

wairo-o okuttasooda.

bribe-acc sent-seemed

It seemed that to its nurse, [the university hosiptal / every university hospital company] sent bribe due to the mistreatment scandal.

3a. [/]

kare-no kooti-ni [sono sensyu-wa/dono-sensyu-mo] miitingu-de tiimu-no-mondaiten-o sitekisita.

him-gen coach-dat [the player-top/every-player-mo] meeting-at team problem-acc pointed-out.

To his coach, [the player/every player] pointed out problems on the team at the meeting.

3b. [/]

soko-no kyoosi-ni [sono syoogakkou-wa/dono syoogakkou-mo] syokuinkaigi-de

its place-gen teacher-dat [the elementary school-top/every-elementary school-mo] faculty meeting-at

gakko-no-mondaiten-o sitekisita.

school problem-acc pointed-out

To its teacher, [the elementary school/ every elementary school company] pointed out problems on the school at the faculty meeting.

4a. [/]

kare-no buka-ni [sono kakaricyoo-wa/dono-kakaricyoo-mo] sukiisiizun-niawasete

him-gen subordiate-dat [the section manager-top/every-section manager-mo] ski season-matching-up-with

yuukyuuyuuka-o kyokasita.

paid leave-acc permited.

To his subordiate, [the section manager/every section manager] permited a paid leave matching up with the ski season.

4b. [/]

soko-no kooin-ni [sono matikoojoo-wa/dono matikoojoo-mo]

its place-gen mechanic-dat [the back-street factory-top/every-back street factory-mo]

hanajisiizun-niawasete yuukyuuyuuka-o kyokasita.

flower-seeing season-with paid leave-acc permitted

To its mechanic, [the back-street factory/ every back-street factory] permited a paid leave matching up with the flower-seeing season.

5a. [/]

kare-no tijin-ni [sono syacyoo-wa/dono-syacyoo-mo] syakkinhensai-de okane-o kasita.

him-gen acquientance-dat [the CEO-top/every-CEO-mo] debt-payoff-by money-acc lent.

To his acquientance, [the CEO/every CEO] lent money due to the pay-off of debt.

5b. [/]

soko-no kokyaku-ni [sono tihooginkoo-wa/dono tihooginkoo-mo] syakkinhensai-de okane-o kasita.

its place-gen client-dat [the local bank-top/every-local bank-mo] debt-payoff-by money-acc lent

To its client, [the local bank / every local bank] lent money due to the pay-off of debt.

6a. [/]10

kare-no kyaku-ni [sono heaadoressaa-wa/dono-heaadoressaa-mo] jusyuunenkinen-de

her-gen customer-dat [the hairdresser-top/every-hairdresser-mo] tenth year anniversary-for

waribikien-o zooteisita.

discout ticket-acc gifted.

To her customer, [the hairdresser/every hairdresser] gifted a discount ticket for the tenth year anniversary.

6b. [/]

soko-no keebiin-ni [sono bijutukan-wa/dono bijutukan-mo] dorobootaiho-de hyoosyoojoo-o zooteisita.

its place-gen guardman-dat [the art musuem-top/every-art musuem-mo] theif-arrest-for testimonial-acc gifted

To its guardman, [the art musuem/ every art musuem] gifted a testimonial for the arrest of the theif.

7a. [/]

kare-no torihikisaki-ni [sono nakagainin-wa/dono-nakagainin-mo] takai nedan-de kabuken-o utta.

him-gen client-dat [the broker-top/every-broker-mo] high price-with stock-acc sold.

To his client, [the broker/every broker] sold the stocks with high price.

7b. [/]

soko-no syoin-ni [sono kenkyuujo-wa/dono kenkyuujo-mo] takai nedan-de cyuuko-no konpyuutaa-o utta.

its place-gen worker-dat [the research lab-top/every-research lab-mo] high price-with old comptuer-acc sold.

To its worker, [the research lab/ every research lab] sold old computers with high price.

8a. [/]

kanojo-no seito-ni [sono sensee-wa/dono-sensee-mo] gakyuukai-de purinto-o haifusita.

her-gen student-dat [the teacher-top/every-teacher-mo] class meeting-at handout-acc distributed.

To her students, [the teacher/every teacher] distributed the handouts at the class meeting.

8b. [/]

soko-no hoomonkyaku-ni [sono pasokongaisya-wa/dono pasokongaisya-mo] sinseehinkanpeen-de

its place-gen visitor-dat [the computer shop-top/every-computer shop-mo] new product campaign-for

panfuretto-o haifusita.

brochure-acc distributed

To its visitors, [the computer shop/ every computer shop] distributed brochures for a new product campaign.

9a. [/]

kare-no gakusee-ni [sono kyooju-wa/dono-kyooju-mo] densimeeru-de atarasii juusyo-o renrakusita.

him-gen student-dat [the professor-top/every-professor-mo] email-with new address-acc informed.

To his students, [the professor/every professor] informed the new address via email.

9b. [/]

soko-no kyoosi-ni [sono syoogakkou-wa/dono syoogakkou-mo] syokuinkaigi-de

its place-gen teacher-dat [the elementary school-top/every-elementary school-mo] faculty meeting-at

atarasii yotee-o renrakusita.

new schedule-acc informed.

To its teachers, [the elementary school/ every elementary school] informed the new schedule at the faculty meeting.

10a. [/]

kare-no diiraa-ni [sono riyookyaku-wa/dono-riyookyaku-mo] denwa-de kuruma-no jootai-o setumeisita.

him-gen dealer-dat [the client-top/every-client-mo] phone-by car condition-acc explained.

To his dealer, [the client/every client] explained the car condition by phone.

10b. [/]

soko-no tooin-ni [sono seitoo-wa/dono seitoo-mo] denwa-de hyoo-no

its place-gen party member-dat [the political party-top/every-political party-mo] phone-by

dookoo-o setumeisita.

vote counting-acc explained.

To its party members, [the political party/ every political party] explained vote counting by phone.

11a. [OL/OL]

kanojo-no dooryoo-ni [sono OL-wa/dono-OL-mo] fuangeni syanai-no uwasabanasi-o

her-gen colleague-dat [the female officeworker-top/every-female officeworker-mo] anxiously office rumor-acc

toitadasita.

questioned.

To her colleague, [the female officeworker /every female officeworker] questioned about the office rumor anxiously.

11b. [/]

soko-no kumiaiin-ni [sono nookyoo-wa/dono nookyoo-mo] kibisiku shuukakujookyoo-o

its place-gen comrade-dat [the farm cooperative-top/every-farm cooperative-mo] strictly crop conditions-acc toidadasita.

questioned

To its comrade, [the farm cooperativ/every farm cooperative] questioned about crop conditions strictly.

12a. [/]

kare-no tijin-ni [sono kaisyain-wa/dono-kaisyain-mo] kossori uratorihiki-no hanasi-o motikaketa.

him-gen associate-dat [the officeworker-top/every-officeworker-mo] secretly backroom deal-acc approached

To his associate, [the officeworker /every officeworker] approached on the backroom deal secretly.

12b. [/]

soko-no beteransensyu-ni [sono yakyuutiimu-wa/dono yakyuutiimu-mo] kossori yaocyoo-no hanasi-o motikaketa.

its place-gen veteran player-dat [the baseball team-top/every-baseball team-mo] secretly fix game-acc approached

To its veteran player, [the baseball team /every baseball team] approached on a fix gam secretly.

13a. [/]

kare-no tesita-ni [sono oyabun-wa/dono-oyabun-mo] hisokani kakuseezai-o uraseta.

him-gen subordinate-dat [the gang master-top/every-gang master-mo] stealthily drug-acc made-sell

To his associate, [the gang master /every gang master] made sell the drug stealthily.

13b. [/]

soko-no kumiin-ni [sono kumi-wa/dono kumi-mo] hisokani kakuseezai-o uraseta.

its place-gen gang member-dat [the gang-top/every-gang-mo] stealthily drug-acc made-sell

To its gang member, [the gang /every gang] made sell the drug stealthily.

14a [/]

kanojo-no ryoosin-ni [sono onnanoko-wa/dono-onnanoko-mo] kekkonkinenbi-ni hana-o purezentosita.

her-gen parents-dat [the girl-top/every-girl-mo] wedding anniversary-on flowers-acc presented

To her parents, [the girl /every girl] presented flowers on the wedding anniversary.

14b. [/]

soko-no tencyoo-ni [sono mise-wa/dono mise-mo] kaitenkinenbi-ni hana-o purezentosita.

its place-gen shop master-dat [the shop-top/every-shop-mo] opening anniversary-on flowers-acc presented

To its shop master, [the shop /every shop] presented flowers on the anniversary of the opening.

15a. [/]

kare-no mekanikku-ni [sono reesaa-wa/dono-reesaa-mo] reesumae-ni katu-o ireta.

him-gen mechanic-dat [the racer-top/every-racer-mo] race-before loud voice-acc gave

To his mechanic, [the racer /every racer] took in the slack before the race.

15b. [/]

soko-no mekanikku-ni [sono reesingutiimu-wa/dono reesingutiimu -mo] reesumae-ni katu-o ireta.

its place-gen mechanic-dat [the racing team-top/every-racing team-mo] race-before loud voice-acc gave

To its mechanic, [the racing team /every racing team] took in the slack before the race.

16a. [/]

kare-no untensyu-ni [sono kaicyoo-wa/dono-kaicyoo-mo] boonasugawari-ni kyuuka-o ageta.

him-gen driver-dat [the president-top/every-president-mo] bonus-replacement-with vacation-acc gave

To his driver, [the president /every president] gave vacation in replacement with bonus.

16b. [/]

soko-no untensyu-ni [sono takusiigaisya-wa/dono takusiigaisya -mo] boonasugawari-ni kyuuka-o ageta.

its place-gen driver-dat [the taxi company-top/every-taxi company-mo] bonus-replacement-with vacation-acc gave

To its driver, [the taxi company /every taxi company] gave vacation in replacement with bonus.

17a. [/]

kanojo-no sinriryoohoosi-ni [sono kyariauuman-wa/dono-kyariauuman-mo] denwa-de oosin-o iraisita.

her-gen psychiatrist-dat [the businesswoman-top/every- businesswoman -mo] phone-by house call-acc request

To her psychiatrist, [the businesswoman /every businesswoman] requested a house call by phone.

17b. [/]

soko-no sinriryoohoosi-ni [sono byooin-wa/dono byooin -mo] denwa-de oosin-o iraisita.

its place-gen psychiatrist-dat [the hospital-top/every-hospital-mo] phone-by house call-acc request

To its psychiatrist, [the hosiptal /every hosiptal] requested a house call by phone.

18a

kare-no tuuyaku-ni [sono bizinesuman-wa/dono-bizinesuman-mo] gentikoojoo-de koosyoo-o makaseta.

him-gen interpretor-dat [the businessman-top/every-businessman-mo] local factory-at negotiation-acc entrusted

To his interpretor, [the businessman /every businessman] entrusted the negotiation at the local factory.

18b.

soko-no tuuyaku-ni [sono kaisya-wa/dono kaisya -mo] gentikoojoo-de koosyoo-o makaseta.

its place-gen interpretor-dat [the company-top/every-company-mo] local factory-at negotiation-acc entrusted

To its interpretor, [the company /every company] entrusted the negotiation at the local factory.

19a [/]

kanojo-no fan-ni [sono jyouu-wa/dono-jyouu-mo] fankansyasai-de tenugui-o kubatta.

him-gen fan-dat [the actress-top/every-actress-mo] fan appreciation festival-at hand towel-acc distributed

To her fan, [the actress /every actress] distributed hand towels at the fan appreciation festival.

19b. [/]

soko-no fan-ni [sono gekidan-wa/dono gekidan -mo] fankansyasai-de tenugui-o kubatta.

its place-gen fan-dat [the theater-top/every-theater-mo] local factory-at negotiation-acc entrusted

To its fan, [the theater /every theater] distributed hand towels at the fan appreciation festival.

20a [/]

kare-no irainin-ni [sono bengosi-wa/dono-bengosi-mo] sookyuu-ni tugi-no saiban-ni-tuite soodansita.

him-gen client-dat [the attoney-top/every-attoney-mo] quickly next trial-about consulted

To his client, [the attoney /every attoney] consulted regarding next trial quickly.

20b. [/]

soko-no irainin-ni [sono bengosijimusyo-wa/dono-bengosijimusyo-mo] sookyuu-ni tugi-no saiban-ni-tuite

its place-gen client-dat [the law firm-top/every-law firm-mo] quickly next trial-about

soodansita.

consulted

To its client, [the law firm /every law firm] consulted regarding next trial quickly.

21a [/]

kanojo-no kyookan-ni [sono jukousee-wa/dono-jukoosee-mo] nandotonaku kugen-o teisita.

her-gen instructor-dat [the student-top/every-student-mo] repeatedly candid advice-acc gave

To her instructor, [the student /every student] gave candid advice repeatedly.

21b. [/]

soko-no kyookan-ni [sono jidoosyagakkoo-wa/dono-jidoosyagakkoo-mo] nandotonaku kugen-o teisita.

its place-gen instructor-dat [the driver school-top/every-driver school-mo] quickly next trial-about consulted

To its instructor, [the driver school /every driver school] consulted regarding next trial quickly.

22a [/]

kare-no tantoosakka-ni [sono hensyuusya-wa/dono-hensyuusya-mo] syuukanzassiyoo-ni sinrensai-o iraisita.

him-gen writer-dat [the editor-top/every-editor-mo] weekly magazine-for new serial story-acc requested

To his writer, [the editor /every editor] requested a new serial story for the weekly magazine.

22b. [/]

soko-no senzokusakka-ni [sono suppansya-wa/dono-syuppansya-mo] syuukanzassiyoo-ni sinrensai-o its place-gen executive writer-dat [the publisher-top/every-publisher-mo] weekly magazine-for new serial story-acc iraisita.

requested

To its executive writer, [the publisher /every publisher] requested a new serial story for the weekly magazine.

23a. [/]

kare-no asisutanto-ni [sono kameraman-wa/dono-kameraman-mo] kaigai-de rokehan-o saseta.

him-gen assistant-dat [the photographer-top/every-photographer-mo] overseas-at location rehearsal-acc let-to-do

To his assistant, [the photographer /every photographer] gave a location rehearsal overseas.

23b. [/]

soko-no asisutanto-ni [sono purodakusyon-wa/dono-purodakusyon-mo] kaigai-de rokehan-o

its place-gen assissitant-dat [the moview studio-top/every-movie studio-mo] overseas-at location rehearsal-acc

saseta.

let-to-do

To its assistant, [the moview studio /every moview studio] made location-rehearse overseas.

24a. [/]

kare-no yoojinboo-ni [sono kumicyoo-wa/dono-kumicyoo-mo] tugi-no koosoo-de boodancyokki-o kisaseta.

him-gen guard-dat [the gang master-top/every-gang master-mo] next strife-for bulletproof vest-acc let-to-wear

To his guards, [the gang master /every gang master] made to wear a bulletproof vest for next strife.

24b. [/]

soko-no yoojinboo-ni [sono booryokudan-wa/dono-booryokudan-mo] tugi-no koosoo-de boodancyokki-o kisaseta.

that place-gen guard-dat [the gang-top/every-gang-mo] next strife-for bulletproof vest-acc let-to-wear

To its guards, [the gang /every gang] made to wear a bulletproof vest for next strife.

E: Experiment 3, Self-paced Reading Task

Each of the items in this list represents a full set of stimuli from the self-paced reading task in Experiment 3. Alternative word orders of soko-phrases (scrambled or cannonical) are given in curly brackets, separated by a slash (/). The alternation of the congruity (congruous or incongruous) is indicated by brackets, separated by a slash (/). A set of conditions is already provided in ( ). Below is a full set of conditions.

1. {/} [/]{/} [/] [/]

Hookokusyo-niyoruto soko-no sisyo-{ni/ga} raikanji [dono-sinkiriyoosya/dono-siritutosyokan]-{mo/nimo}

report-according-to soko-gen librarian-{dat/nom} visit-when [every new user/every city library]-{mo/dat-mo}

atarasii manyuaru-o [haifusuru / seikyuusuru]toiu keikoo-ga arurasii-to new manual-acc [distribute / request]-saying tendency-nom exist-seem-that

[aru-daigakutosyokan-ga (/aru-tosyokanin-ga)] hookokusiteiru

[a university library-nom (/a librarian-nom)] has-reported

In a report, [an university library (/a librarian)] has reported that the tendency has been seen that to its librarian [every new user/every city library] [requests/distributes] a new manual when visiting.

In a report, an university library has reported that the tendency has been seen that its librarian [requests/distributes] to [every new user/every city library] a new manual to when visiting.

2. {/} [/]{/} [/] [ / ]

Keizai sinbun-niyoruto soko-no yakuin{-ni/ga} tikajika [dono torisimariyaku/kogaisya]{-mo/-nimo}

economics newspaper-by soko-gen executive{-dat/nom} soon [every CEO/subsidiary]{-mo/-dat-mo}

oohabana syookyuu-o [tuutatusuru/yookyuusuru] toiu uwasa-ga dehajimeta-rasii-to

vast raise-acc [notify/request] saying rumor emerge-seem-that

[aru jidoosyagaisya-ga(/aru kaisyasyacyoo-ga)] hookokusiteiru.

[an automobile company-nom(/a CEO-nom)] reported

Accoring to an economics newspaper, [an automobile company(/a CEO)] has reported that the rumor emerged that to its executive [every CEO/every subsidiary] [notifies/requests a vast raise] soon.

Accoring to an economics newspaper, an automobile company has reported that the rumor emerged that its executive [notifies/requests a vast raise] to [every CEO/every subsidiary] soon.

3. {/} [/]{/} [/] [/]

Waidosyoo-dewa soko-no nyuuinkanja{-ni/ga} gosinjiken-de

TV news program-on soko-gen hospital patient-{dat/nom} misdignosis scandal-by

[dono gekai/dono daigakubyooin]{-mo/nimo} tagaku-no kutidomeryoo-o [watasita/yookyuusita]

[every surgeon/every university hospital]{mo/dat-mo} expensive hush money [handed out/requested]

toiu uwasa-ga hiromarihajimeteiru-rasii-to [aru siritubyooin-ga (/aru gekai-ga)] itteiru.

saying rumor spread-began-seem-comp [a city hospital(/a surgeon)] say

On the TV news program, [a city hospital/a surgeon] said that the rumor spreaded out that to its patient [every surgeon/every university hospital] [handed out/requested] expensive hush money due to the misdignosis scandal.

On the TV news program, a city hospital said that the rumor spreaded out that its patient [handed out/requested] [every surgeon/every university hospital] expensive hush money due to the misdignosis scandal.

4. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Cyookan-deha soko-no tooin{-ni/ga} soosenkyo-de

morning newspaper-on soko-gen party member{-dat/nom} general election-at

[dono kokkaigiin/donoyotooseitoo]{-mo/nimo} kibisii aturyoku-wo kaketa-toiu utagai-ga arurasii-to

[every cabinet member/every majority party]{-mo/dat-mo} strict pressure gave-saying suspicion exist-seem-that

[aru seitoo-ga / aru seijika-ga] syucyoositeiru.

[a political party-nom(/ a politician-nom)] claimed

According to the morning paper, [a political party (/ a politician)] has claimed that it is likely that there is a suspicion that to its party member [every cabinet member/every majority party] gave a high pressure regarding the general election.

According to the morning paper, a political party has claimed that it is likely that there is a suspicion that its party member gave a high pressure regarding the general election to [every cabinet member/every majority party].

5. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Cyoosa-niyoruto soko-no hogosyakai{-ni/ga} hikoomondai-de [dono kyoosi/dono kookoo]{-mo/nimo}

survey-by soko-gen PTA-{dat/nom} delinquency problem-about [every teacher/every high school]{-mo/-dat-mo}

genjuuna cyuui-o yobikaketa-toiu jijitu-ga aruyooda-to

stern warning-acc issued-saying fact-nom exist-seem-that

[aru cyuugaku-ga/aru koocyoo-ga] mitometeiru.

[a junior high school-nom(/a principal-nom)] admit

According to the survey, [a junior high school (/a principal)] has admitted that the fact seemingly exists that to its PTA [every teacher/every high school] issued a stern warning about the delinquency problem.

According to the survey, a junior high school has admitted that the fact seemingly exists that its PTA issued a stern warning about the delinquency problem to [every teacher/every high school].

6. {/} [/]{/} [/] [(/])

Asa-no nyuusu-niyoruto soko-no syocyoo{-ni/ga} sizensaigai-de [dono keiji/donokeisatusyo]{-mo/nimo}

morning-gen news-by soko-gen chief-of-police nature disaster-by [every detective/every police]{-mo/dat-mo}

daikibona jininzookyoo-wo [yooseisita/meireisita]-toiu hookoku-ga arurasii-to

large-scale personnel-increase-acc [request/order]-saying report-nom exist-seem-that

[aru kenkei-ga/aru keibu-ga] hapyoositeiru.

[a prefectural police-nom (/ a chief inspector-nom]) announced

According to morning news, [a prefectural police/a chief instepctor] has announced that the report seems to exist that to its chief of police [every detective/every police] [requested/ordered] a large-scale increase of personnels due to the nature disaster.

According to morning news, a prefectural police has announced that the report seems to exist that its chief of police [requested/ordered] a large-scale increase of personnels to [every detective/every police] due to the nature disaster.

7. {/} [/]{/} [(/])

Cyoosa-niyoruto soko-no syain{-ni/ga} fukeeki-de [dono kanrisyoku/dono kogaisya]{-mo/-nimo}

survey-by soko-gen employee{-dat/nom} recession-by [every manager/every subsidiary]{-mo/dat-mo}

kajoona kitai-wo kaketeiru-toiu kekka-ga erareta-rasii-to

excessive expectation-wo hold-saying result-nom obtained-seem-that

[aru kaisya-ga/aru syacyoo-ga] hookokusiteiru.

[a company-nom (/a CEO-nom)] reported

According to the survey, [a company/a CEO] has reported that the results seem to be obtained that to its employee [every manager/every subsidiary] holds an excessive expectation due to the recession.

According to the survey, a company has reported that the results seem to be obtained that its employee to holds an excessive expectation [every manager/every subsidiary] due to the recession.

8.

{/} [/]{/} [/]

Keizai zassi-de soko-no roodoosya{-ni/ga} fukyoo-notame [dono kacyoo/dono kaisya]{mo/nimo}

economics magazine-on soko-gen worker{-dat/nom} depression-by [every manager/every company]{-mo/dat-mo}

ookina fuman-wo motteiru keikoo-ga kencyoninatteiru-to

serious complaint-acc have-saying tendency-nom stand out-that

[aru tekkoogaisya-ga(/aru keieisya-ga)] hookokusiteiru.

[an ironwork company(/an executive officer)] reported

On the ecomonics magazine, [an ironwork company/an executive officer] has reported that a trend has stood put that to its worker [every manager/every company] shows a serious complaint due to the depression.

On the ecomonics magazine, an ironwork company has reported that a trend has stood put that its worker shows a serious complaint to [every manager/every company] due to the depression.

9. {/} [/]{/} [/]

Ankeeto-niyoruto soko-no gijutusya{-ni/ga} keieekaizen-de [dono bucyoo/dono busyo]{-mo/nimo}

survey-by soko-gen technician-{dat/nom} management reform-by [every chief manager/every section]{-mo/dat-mo}

ookina kitai-wo motteiru-toiu koega deteirurasii-to

big expectation-acc hold-saying opinion-nom emerge-seem-that

[aru pasokongaisya-ga/aru keieesya-ga] kotaeteiru.

[a computer company-nom (/a CEO-nom)] answerd

According to the survey, [a computer company/a CEO] answered that the opinion seems to emerge that on its technician [every chief manager/every section] have a big expectation for the management reform.

According to the survey, a computer company answered that the opinion seems to emerge that its technician have a big expectation on [every chief manager/every section] for the management reform.

10. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Zassi intabyuu-niyoruto soko-no eigyoobucyoo{-ni/ga} kooseiseki-de

magazine interview-by soko-gen chief manager{-dat/nom} good record-by

[dono keieesya/dono hokengaisya]{-mo/nimo} masumasu kooinsyoo-o

[every executive officer/every health insurance company]{-mo/dat-mo} increasingly good impression-acc

motta-toiu iken-ga mirareru-to [aru konsarutantogaisya-ga(/aru syacyoo-ga)] nobeteiru.

obtain-saying opinion-nom observed-that [a consultant company(/a CEO)] stated

According to the interview on the magazine, [a consultant company/a CEO] has stated that an opinion is observed that on its chief manager [every executive officer/every health insurance company] holds better impressions due to the good records.

According to the interview on the magazine, a consultant companyhas stated that an opinion is observed that its chief manager holds better impressions on [every executive officer/every health insurance company] due to the good records.

11. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Gakkoosinbun-niyoruto soko-no sinnyuussei{-ni/ga} kurabu-no kanyuu-de

school newspaper-by soko-gen new student{-dat/nom} clubmember recruitment-for

[donobuin/dono undoobu]{-mo/nimo} subarasii daiitiinsyoo-wo motta-toiu

[every club member/every athelete club]{-mo/dat-mo} marvelous first impression-acc hold-saying

hanasi-ga attarasii-to [aru cyuugakkou-ga(/aru sinbunin-ga)] tokusyuusiteiru.

tale-nom exist-seem-that [a junior high school-nom (/a newspaper reporter-nom)] featured

According to the school newspaper, [a junior high school/a newspaper reporter] featured on that there seem to be a tale that on its new student [every club member/every athelete club] had a marvelous first impression when recruiting to the club.

According to the school newspaper, a junior high school featured on that there seem to be a tale that its new student had a marvelous first impression on [every club member/every athelete club] when recruiting to the club.

12. {/} [/]{/} [/] [(/)]

Yakuzaisenmonsi-niyoruto soko-no sinjin{-ni/ga} yosankakudai-de [dono syoin/donokenkyuujo]{mo/nimo}

medicine magazine-by soko-gen newcomer{-dat/nom} budget increase-by [every researcher/every lab]{-mo/dat-mo}

zansinna kenkyuu teema-wo [teikyoosita/teiansita]toiu hyooban-ga tatteirurasii-to

original research topic-acc [provided/proposed]-saying reputation-nom build-seem-that

[aru yakuzaigaisya-ga(/aru yakuzaisi-ga)] zessansiteiru.

[a medicine company-nom (/a pharmacist)] praise

According to the medicine magazine, [a medicine company/a pharmacist] praises that a reputation builds that to its newcomer [every researcher/every lab] [provided/proposed] an original research topic in accordance with the budget increase.

According to the medicine magazine, a medicine company has praises that a reputation builds that its newcomer [provided/proposed] an original research topic to [every researcher/every lab] in accordance with the budget increase.

13. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Gakunaikoohoo-de soko-no kensyuusee{-ni/ga} kyoodoo kenkyuu-de

school bulletin-by soko-gen intern{-dat/nom} collaborative research-in

[dono kenkyuuin/dono kenkyuusitu]{-mo/nimo} tairyooni ronbun-wo kubaru-toiu keikoo-ga detekita-to

[every researcher/every research lab]{-mo/dat-mo} largely papers-acc distribute-saying trend-nom emerge-that

[aru gakubu-ga (/arugakubucyoo-ga)] siraseteiru.

[a department-nom (/a chair-nom)] notify

On the school bulletin, [a department/a chair] notifies that a treand emerges that to its intern [every researcher/every research lab] distributes many papers for their collaborative research.

On the school bulletin, a department notifies that a treand emerges that its intern distributes many papers to [every researcher/every research lab]for their collaborative research.

14. {/} [/]{/} [ (/)]

Sihai koohoo-de soko-no kookan ryuugakusei{-ni/ga} owakarekai-no toki

community bulletin-on soko-gen exchange student{-dat/nom} farewell party-at

[dono seito/dono gakyuu]{-mo/nimo} takusan-no kinenhin-wo ageta-toiu wadai-ga atta-to

[every pupil/every class]{-mo/dat-mo} many memorabilia gave-saying topic-nom existed-that

[aru kooritu kokou-ga (/aru sensei-ga)] hanasiteiru.

[a public high school-nom (/a teacher-nom)] talked

On the community bulletin, [a publich high school/a teacher] talked about the topic that to its exchange student [every pupil/every class] gave many memorabilia at the farewell party.

On the community bulletin, [a publich high school/a teacher] talked about the topic that its exchange student gave many memorabilia to [every pupil/every class] at the farewell party.

15. {/} [/]{/} [ (/)]

Hoodoo-niyoruto soko-no gunsoo{-ni/ga} sakusen-no sippai-de [dono hotei/dono butai]{-mo/nimo}

report-by soko-gen sergeant{-dat/nom} operation failure-by [every foot solider/every unit]{-mo/dat-mo}

hagesii ikidoori-wo motteiru-toiu funiki-ga kanjirareru-to

furious anger-acc have-saying atomosphere-nom exist-that

[aru rikugun-ga (/aru syookoo-ga)] hookokusiteiru.

[an army (/an officer)] report

According to a report, [an army/an officer] reports that the atomosphere exists that about its sergeant [every foot solider/every unit] has furious anger due to their failure of the operation.

According to a report, an army reports that the atomosphere exists that its sergeant has furious anger about [every foot solider/every unit] due to their failure of the operation.

16. {/} [/]{/} [/]

Shinbun kiji-niyoruto soko-no kantoku{-ni/ga} yaocyoo hakkaku-de [dono sensyu/donokyuudan]{mo/nimo}

newspaper article-by soko-gen manager{-dat/nom} fixed game scandal-by [every player/every team]{-mo/dat-mo}

hagesii tekii-wo idaiteiru-toiu uwasa-ga aru-rasii-to

extreme hostility-acc provoke-saying rumor-nom exist-seem-that

[aru kyuudan-ga (/aru senshu-ga)] bakurositeiru.

[a team-nom/ a player-nom] disclose

According to the newspaper article, [a baseball team/a player] disclosed that the rumor seems to exist that to its manager [every team/every player] provokes their extreme hostility due to the scandal of the fixed game.

According to the newspaper article, a baseball team disclosed that the rumor seems to exist that its manager provokes their extreme hostility to [every team/every player] due to the scandal of the fixed game.

17. {/} [/]{/} [ (/)]

Ankeeto-niyoruto soko-no sinyuusyain{-ni/ga} kyuuka-no torikata-de

survey-by soko-gen new employee{-dat/nom} vacation-gen scheduling-by

[dono joosi/dono haizokusaki]{-mo/nimo} akarasamana fuhee-wo morasiteiru-toiu koe-ga aru-rasii-to

[every supervisor/every office]{-mo/dat-mo} frank complaint-acc bring-saying voice-nom exist-seems-that

[aru kaisya-ga (/aru syain-ga)] hookokusiteiru.

[a company (/an employee)] report

According to the survey, [a company/an employee] reports that the voice seems to exist that to its new employee [every supervisor/every office] brings frank complaints about the vacation scheduling.

According to the survey, [a company/an employee] reports that the voice seems to exist that its new employee brings frank complaints to [every supervisor/every office] about the vacation scheduling.

18. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Bakuro kiji-niyoruto soko-no koohosya{-ni/ga} senkyosen-de

exposed article-by soko-gen candidate{-dat/nom} election campaign-for

[dono seijika/dono habatu]{-mo/nimo} tagaku-no wairo-wo okutta-toiu jijitu-ga hakkausita-rasii-to

[every politician/every faction]{-mo/dat-mo} fortune bribe-acc sent-saying fact-mon come-to-light-seem-that

[aru seitoo-ga (/aru daigisi-ga)] mikkokusiteiru.

[a political party (/a senator)] turn-in

According to an exposed articple, [a political party/a senator] turns in that the fact seems to come to light that to its candidate [every politician/every faction] sent a lot of bribe for their election campaign.

According to an exposed articple, a political party turns in that the fact seems to come to light that its candidate sent a lot of bribe to [every politician/every faction] for their election campaign.

19. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Uwasa-niyoruto soko-no tokuhain{-ni/ga} kokusai tero jiken-de

rumor-by soko-gen correspondent-{-dat/nom} international terrorism-about

[dono sibucyoo/dono sibu]{-mo/nimo} kinkyuu-no syuzai-wo yooseisuru-toiu ugoki-ga

[every branch chief/ every branck]{-mo/dat-mo} emergent coverage-acc request-saying movement-nom

mirareru-rasii-to [aru sinbunsya-ga (/aru hensyuusya-ga)] tutaeteiru.

found-seem-that [a newspaper company-nom(/an editor-nom)] informed

According to the rumor, [a newpaper company/an editor] informed that the movement seemed to be seen that to its correspondent [every branch chief/every branch] requests an emergent coverage about the international terrorism.

According to the rumor, a newpaper company informed that the movement seemed to be seen that its correspondent requests an emergent coverage about the international terrorism to [every branch chief/every branch].

20. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Kankeisuji-niyoreba soko-no supai{-ni/ga} sensoo boppatu-de [dono renrakuin/dono doomeikoku]{-mo/nimo}

relevant source-by soko-gen spy{-dat/nom} war-break-by [every liaison/every ally]{-mo/dat-mo}

sakusen-no sippai-wo siraseta-toiu joohoo-ga nagareta-rasii-to

operation-gen failure-acc notify-saying information-nom disclosed-seem-that

[aru kuni-ga(/aru gaikookan-ga)] morasiteirusooda

[a country-nom(/a diplomat-nom)] leak-seem

According to the relevant source, [a country/a diplomat] seems to leak that the information seemed to be disclosed that to its spy [every liaison/every ally] notifies the failure of the operation because the war starts.

According to the relevant source, a country seems to leak that the information seemed to be disclosed that its spy notifies the failure of the operation to [every liaison/every ally] because the war starts.

21. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Saikin-no syuzai-de soko-no beteran syain{-ni/ga} fukyoo-notame

recent interview-by soko-nen veteran employee{-dat/nom} recession-by

[dono kigyooka/dono reisai kigyoo]{-mo/nimo} iroiroto tie-o karita-toiu uwasa-ga atta-to

[every enterpriser/every small businiess]{mo/dat-mo} various tips received-saying rumore-nom exist-that

[aru booekigaisya-ga (/aru kigyoo keieisya-ga)] hanasiteiru

[an import company (/an executive)] talked

In the recent interview, [an import company/an executive] discusses that the rumor exists that from its veteran employee [every enterpriser/every small business] received a variety of tips due to the recession.

In the recent interview, an import company discusses that the rumor exists that its veteran employee received a variety of tips from [every enterpriser/every small business] due to the recession.

22. {/} [/]{/} [/] [(/)]

Komonjo-niyoreba soko-no kitoosi{-ni/ga} daikoozui-de [dono sonmin/dono sonraku]{-mo/nimo}

archive-by soko-gen shaman{-dat/nom} severe flood-for [every villager/every village]{-mo/dat-mo}

isoide majinai-wo {kongansita/moosideta}-rasii-toiu iitutae-ga atta-to

hastily charm-acc {appealed/proposed}-seem-saying legend-nom existed-that

[aru syuuraku-ga (/aru cyooroo-ga)] kirokusiteiru

[a village-nom (/an old man-nom)] record

According to the archive, [a village/an old man] recorded that the legend existed that to its shaman [every villager/every village] hastily [appealed/proposed] a charm due to the severe flood.

According to the archive, a village recorded that the legend existed that its shaman hastily proposed a charm to [every villager/every village] due to the severe flood.

23. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Shinbun kiji-yoruto soko-no sicyoo{-ni/ga} kookyoosisetu kensetu-de

newpaper article-by soko-gen mayor{-dat/nom} public facility building-about

[dono simin/dono sigikai]{-mo/nimo} seisikina setumeikai-wo yobikakeru-toiu ugoki-ga

[every citizen/every city council]{-mo/dat-mo} formal explanation-acc call-for-saying movement-nom okiteiru-rasii-to [aru si-ga (/aru simin-ga)] toriageteiru

occur-seem-that [a city-nom (/a citizen-nom)] say

According to the newspaper article, [a city/a citizen] says that the movement seems to occur that to its mayor [every citizen/every city council] calls for a formal explanation about the public facility construction.

According to the newspaper article, a city says that the movement seems to occur that its mayorcalls for a formal explanation about the public facility construction to [every citizen/every city council].

24. {/} [/]{/} [(/)]

Kaidokugo-no angoo-niyoruto soko-no kokuoo{-ni/ga} sensoo boppatu-ji

decoded-gen cipher-by soko-gen king-{-dat/nom} war break-at

[dono gaikookan/dono ookoku]{mo/nimo} kinkyuu-no rengoo-wo teiansuru-toiu ugoki-ga atta-to

[every diplomat/every kingdom]{-mo/dat-mo} emergent union-acc proposed-saying movement-nom existed-that

[aru kuni-ga(/aru daijin-ga)] gokaisiteita-yooda.

[a country-nom(/a minister-nom)] misunderstood-seemed

According to the decoded cipher, [a country/a minister] seemed to misunderstand that the movement existed that to its king [every diplomat/every kingdom] proposed the emergent creation of a union when the war started.

According to the decoded cipher, a country seemed to misunderstand that the movement existed that its king proposed the emergent creation of a union to [every diplomat/every kingdom] when the war started.