APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg...
-
Upload
trinhkhanh -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
4
Transcript of APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg...
![Page 1: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
APHG CHAPTER 3:
MIGRATION
![Page 2: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2:
WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
(8 SLIDES)
![Page 3: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Two types of migration exist
• FORCED: imposition of power or authority, or natural disasters, producing involuntary migration movements
• VOLUNTARY: occurs after a migrant weighs options & choices, and makes the choice to move
Sometimes it‟s not cut and dry
• Example: people may choose to move because of a major problem that almost forces them to move
• Example: people may feel they will eventually be forced to move, so they voluntarily move
![Page 4: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Largest forced migration in history of humanity was the Atlantic slave trade from Africa (estimates from 12-30 million people) • Slave trade did unimaginable damage to African
societies & communities; changed the cultural & ethnic geography of the U.S., Brazil, Central America & the Caribbean
Beginning in 1788, tens of thousands of convicts were shipped from Britain to Australia (another form of forced migration)
![Page 5: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Forced Migration – the Atlantic Slave Trade
![Page 6: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Other examples of forced migration • U.S. Indian Removal • Millions of non-Russians were moved to Central Asia
& Siberia during Stalin‟s reign in the USSR • Jews were forced out during Holocaust • India-Pakistan
Modern examples: • Darfur • Tutsis from Rwanda • Hong Kong expels all Vietnamese immigrants • U.S. has sent back Haitian refugees back to Haiti
![Page 7: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Forced migration from Pakistan to India
![Page 8: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Forced migration in Afghanistan
![Page 9: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Forced migration in Africa
![Page 10: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Voluntary migration involves many concepts & questions
The biggest question: Why do people choose to migrate?
British demographer Ernst Ravenstein proposed several “laws of migration” • Every flow generates a return or counterflow
• Most migrants move a short distance
• Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations
• Urban residents are less migratory than rural
• Families are less likely to make an international move than single adults
![Page 11: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TOP 10 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN FOR US
LEGAL IMMIGRANTS, 1995-2003
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000
Mexico
India
Philippines
China, People's Republic
El Salvador
Dominican Republic
Vietnam
Colombia
Guatemala
Russia
1995
2000
2003
![Page 12: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ILLEGAL ALIENS IN THE UNITED STATES BY
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, 1990-2000 (IN 1,000S)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Mexico
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
China
Ecuador
Dominican Republic
Philippines
Brazil
Haiti
India
Peru
![Page 13: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
His work led to the development of the “gravity model”
• Predicts the interactions between places on the basis of their population size & distance between them
• Number of migrants to a destination declines as the distance they must travel increases
When a person chooses to move, “push” and “pull” factors come into play
• Push: conditions & perceptions that help the migrant decide to leave
• Pull: circumstances that attract the migrant to a location
• Push factors are always more accurately perceived than pull factors
![Page 14: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PUSH-PULL FACTORS FOR CHINESE STUDENTS
DECIDING TO STAY IN THE UNITED STATES, 1997
Chinese Push Factors
28%
14%
13%11%
8%
7%
19%
Political instability
Lack of academic freedom
Improve learning
Lower standards of living
Complicated human relations
Crowding and pollution
Other
US Pull Factors
36%
20%
16%13%
11%
3%
1%
Academic freedom
Job opportunities
High standards of living
Work environment
Learning and information
Simpler human relations
Other
![Page 15: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PUSH-PULL FACTORS FOR CHINESE STUDENTS
DECIDING TO RETURN TO CHINA, 1997
Chinese Pull Factors
30%
25%11%
11%
9%
6%8%
Higher social status
Better work opportunities
Patriotism
Family
Cultural factors
Reform China
Other
US Push Factors
29%
24%
21%9% 6%
2%
9%
Stress
Lack of job security
Violence and crime
Racism
Loneliness
No choice
Other
![Page 16: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
TYPES OF PUSH & PULL FACTORS
• Economic Conditions
• Political Circumstances
• Armed Conflict/Civil War
• Environmental Conditions
• Culture & Traditions
• Technological Advances
Some migrants move in “chain migration”
• Migrants moves to a place; writes, calls or communicates to tell family & friends about the new place; then they come; and so on…this is also called an “immigration wave”
![Page 17: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LIKELIHOOD OF THE WELL-EDUCATED
TO STAY, 1998
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
United States
Germany
Japan
Mexico
France
Canada
China
Sweden
India
Russia
10 = most likely
![Page 18: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
When considering pull factors, the idea of “distance decay” comes into play
• Farther away one goes, the less that place is like the original location
• Because of this lack of knowledge about far-away places, migrants tend to move in short distance
Some migration happens in stages called “step migration”
• Example: family moves to a village, then a small town, then a city, then a metropolitan area
![Page 19: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Distance
Decay weighs
into the decision
to migrate,
leading many
migrants to
move less far
than they
originally
contemplate.
Voluntary Migration – Migrants weigh push and pull factors to decide first, to
emigrate from the home country and second, where to go.
![Page 20: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
International Migration – Movement across country borders (implying a degree of
permanence).
![Page 21: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #2: WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Many migrants leave a place with a destination in mind, and wind up somewhere in between
Along the way, many are captured by an “intervening opportunity”
• Something that makes them want to stay in a place in between the place of origin & intended destination
Conversely, “intervening obstacles” can occur too
• Things that happen that prevent a person from going from point A to point B
![Page 22: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #3:
WHERE DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
(6 SLIDES)
![Page 23: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
WORLD NET MIGRATION
![Page 24: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #3: WHERE DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Before the age of exploration, long-distance migration only really happened in the pursuit of riches, spices or fame
On the heels of European exploration came the age of colonization • European powers competed for global colonial control
Major flows include: • Europe to North America
• Southern Europe to Latin America
• Britain/Ireland to Africa/Australia
• Africa to the Americas (slave trade)
• India to Eastern Africa/Southeast Asia/Caribbean
• (read pages 89-92)
![Page 25: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #3: WHERE DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
European colonialism helped establish “islands of development”
• Today, its a place built up by a government to attract investment and which has relatively high concentrations of jobs
• Traditionally, set up often on the coast (especially early ones), because of trade access
![Page 26: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #3: WHERE DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Regional migration occurs based on three major reasons
• Economic Opportunities
• Reconnection of Cultural Groups
• Jewish migration to Israel is great example
• Conflict & War
National migration flows also occur • American westward expansion is great example
• Russia has experienced an eastward expansion in recent decades
• Mexico has experienced a northward expansion(to replace population loss due to immigration)
![Page 27: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
NATIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS
When did the largest movements take place?
Movement of the Center of US Population
![Page 28: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Internal migration within U.S.
![Page 29: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Internal Migration - Movement within a single country’s borders (implying a
degree of permanence).
![Page 30: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #3: WHERE DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
After WWII, European rebuilding was based heavily on two things
• Workers from poorer European countries moving to economically growing areas
• Non-Europeans migrating (many from North Africa, Turkey and other regions from the world)
Western European countries called these workers “guest workers”
• Many stayed and have greatly impacted European demographics
• Guest workers today are usually legal immigrants, but with short term work visas---they send money back home (called “remittances”)
![Page 31: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #3: WHERE DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Thousands and thousands of poor people flee a crisis in their home region or country (many of which walk)
• These people are called “refugees”
• Official definition: “person who has a well-rounded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion”
In 2000, there were unofficially 24 million worldwide refugees (and another 25 million internally displaced people)
Hurricane Katrina caused debate about definition of a “refugee”
![Page 32: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
REFUGEES A person who flees across an international boundary because of a well-
founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.
![Page 33: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #3: WHERE DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
Some refugees seek “asylum”
• Shelter & protection that a state provides a foreign person
Modern refugees usually meet three criteria
• Move without any more property than they can carry
• Many make their first movements on foot, bike, wagon or boat (and are usually suddenly displaced)
• Move without official documents that accompany immigrants
Regions with heavy impact of dislocation in recent years
• Sub-Saharan Africa (DRC, Sudan, Rwanda)
• North Africa/Middle East (Iraq)
• South Asia (Pakistan, Afghanistan)
• Southeast Asia (Myanmar)
• Europe (former Yugoslavia, Russia)
![Page 34: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
GLOBAL MIGRATION PATTERNS
Fig. 3-2: The major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed
countries.
![Page 35: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
NET MIGRATION (PER POPULATION)
Fig. 3-3: Net migration per 1000 population. The U.S. has the largest number of immigrants,
but other developed countries also have relatively large numbers.
![Page 36: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #4:
HOW DO
GOVERNMENTS
AFFECT MIGRATION?
(5 SLIDES)
![Page 37: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #4: HOW DO GOVERNMENTS
AFFECT MIGRATION?
Efforts to restrict migration are nothing new
Fences along the Rio Grande, Great Wall of China, Berlin Wall, Korean DMZ---all examples of things built to limit migration (built for other reasons too, but they all limited migration)
Governments have passed legislation in past • 1882: U.S. Congress passed the first restrictive legislation law (Oriental Exclusion
Laws---prevented immigration of Chinese people to California)
• 1901: Australia passed law which ended nonwhite immigration; also deported many Pacific Islanders in 1906 (laws lasted until 1979)
![Page 38: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
U.S. -
MEXICO
BORDER AT
TIJUANA
The U.S. side of
the border is
uninhabited and
separated from
Mexico by a
fence
![Page 39: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #4: HOW DO GOVERNMENTS
AFFECT MIGRATION?
United States immigration history has been greatly affected by governmental policy • 1800s: we opened our doors (began with British, Germans, French
& Irish…moved more towards Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish & Russians towards end of 19th century)
• After WWI, our isolationist policy led to Congress setting quotas---
tied quotas to a set percentage of the national origins of current Americans
• After WWII, immigration increased (more than 7 million immigrants
entered between 1945-1970)
![Page 40: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
WAVES OF IMMIGRATION Changing immigration laws, and changing push and pull factors
create waves of immigration.
![Page 41: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
MIGRATION TO U.S., BY REGION OF ORIGIN
Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin
America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.
![Page 42: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
U.S. STATES AS IMMIGRANT DESTINATIONS
Fig. 3-8: California is the destination of about 25% of all US immigrants; another 25% go to New
York and New Jersey. Other important destinations include Florida, Texas, and Illinois.
![Page 43: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #4: HOW DO GOVERNMENTS
AFFECT MIGRATION?
Many countries have a „selective immigration‟ policy • Former criminals, unhealthy, or perhaps people with questionable pasts are barred
from entering
• EXAMPLES
• South Africa for years only allowed people with a pure European descent
• New Zealand favored immigrants from Britain
• Brazil preferred people with farming backgrounds
• Singapore favors people of Chinese ancestry
![Page 44: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #4: HOW DO GOVERNMENTS
AFFECT MIGRATION?
Since 9/11, government policies have incorporated more and more security concerns
• Before 9/11, we were more worried about drug trafficking & human smuggling
U.S. government marked 33 countries as countries where al-Qaeda or other terrorist groups operate
• Anyone who sought asylum from these countries was automatically detained first
Justice Department has authority to detain any illegal immigrant---even if he or she has no terrorist background
![Page 45: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
POST-SEPTEMBER 11TH
![Page 46: APHG CHAPTER 3: MIGRATION - Weeblywithersaphuman.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/5/5/8855045/... · aphg chapter 3: migration . key question #2: why do people migrate? (8 slides) key question](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051508/5abe0ffb7f8b9add5f8c1d2c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
KEY QUESTION #4: HOW DO GOVERNMENTS
AFFECT MIGRATION?
Major fear is that places are used as “staging points”
• Example: Terrorist goes to Mexico, emigrates to America as an illegal immigrant(instead of coming from one of those 33 countries)
Another major fear focuses on legal immigration
• All of the 9/11 terrorists had legal visas
Some are critical of these new post-9/11 policies
• Claim it will not stop terrorism
• Claim it will intensify hatred towards America
• Claim it violates civil rights & civil liberties
• Claim it slows down business & tourism more than terrorism