Nationalism(and all the stuff that came with it)

AP World HistoryMr. Charnley

Causes

European Political Ideologies Conservatives▪ Monarchies and religious institutions provide stability▪ Opposed to revolutionary ideals

Liberals▪ Limit government interference in citizens’ lives▪ Constitution and protection of individual rights▪ Limited voting rights▪ Economic reforms for industrial growth

Radicals▪ Democratic representative government▪ Social reforms for lower class▪ Universal voting rights

Causes

Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) Anti-French sentiment among

European nations Europe sought to restore

balance of power to prewar conditions

Congress of Vienna (1815) Sought to limit power of

France Wanted to restore ‘balance of

power’ in Europe Gave territory to German and

Italian states Britain gained new colonies Russia retained most of Poland

19th Century Revolutions

Revolutions of 1820 Greece▪ Gained independence

from Ottoman Empire▪ Began decline of

Ottoman power in Europe Spain▪ Spanish military

mutinied, demanded constitutional monarchy

▪ France sent troops to crush the rebellion and restore absolutism

19th Century Revolutions

Revolutions of 1830 France▪ July Revolution▪ Establishes constitutional

monarchy Belgium▪ Belgian Revolution▪ Gains independence from

Netherlands Poland▪ November Uprising▪ Failed attempt to gain

independence from Russia

19th Century Revolutions

Industrialization Working class▪ Used political institutions to fight for industrial

reform Displaced artisan class▪ Afraid of being displaced by industrial factory

system Charist movement▪ British artisans and workers demanded the

right to vote▪ Regulate technology and promote education

Revolutions of 1848

France February Revolution Overthrew

monarchy Established a

republic Artisans demanded

social reforms Women demanded

right to vote Republic overthrown

by Louis Napoleon III and replaced by an empire

Revolutions of 1848

German states, Italian states, Habsburg Empire Demand for

constitutional monarchy

Artisans wanted limits on industrialization

Peasants wanted end to feudalism

National unity Rights for individual

ethnic groups

Revolutions of 1848

Effects Opposed by conservatives and liberals Harshly suppressed by government

militaries Countries improved infrastructure to

prevent natural disasters social status was based on wealth, not

nobility Artisan class lost political power

Nationalism

Neo-Conservatives Sought to preserve aristocracy and

monarchy Used nationalism to promote existing

social hierarchy Promoted expansionism and imperialism

to win popular support

Italian Unification

Cavour Promoted

industrialization in northern Italy

Extended power of parliament

Allied with France to drive Austria out of northern Italian states

Unified Italy under king of Piedmont

Weakened power of papacy

Italian Unification

Garibaldi Revolutionary leader

in southern Italy ‘Red Shirts’ Overthrew monarchy

and handed southern Italy over to Cavour

1871 Papal States are forced to surrender, lose all territory except Vatican City

German Unification

Bismarck ‘blood and iron’ Realpolitik Allied with Austria to defeat

Denmark and regain ethnically German lands (1863)

Defeated Austria make Prussia the dominant German state (1866)

Defeated France to unify German states under Prussia (1871)

Nationalism

American Civil War 1861-1865 Asserted power of

the national government over regional authorities

Abolished slavery First war to use

industrial-era weapons and technology

Nationalism

France Defeated in Franco-

Prussian War Overthrew Louis

Napoleon Established republic▪ Universal male voting▪ Weakened Catholic

Church▪ Improved education▪ No major social reforms

Abolitionist Movement1780 to 1890

Abolitionism

Causes Enlightenment▪ slavery violates natural rights▪ emphasis on liberty and

equality Religious▪ Quakers and Protestant

evangelicals morally opposed to slavery

Economic▪ new technology,

industrialization Political▪ Haitian Revolution

Abolitionism

Activism Abolitionist

movement gains support among middle and working class

Methods: pamphlets, petitions, boycotts, public meetings

Leadership of William Wilberforce

Abolitionism

Timeline 1807: Britain forbade sale of

slaves in empire 1834: emancipation of

remaining slaves 1850s : Most new Latin

American countries abolished slavery

1861: Russia emancipates serfs 1863: USA Emancipation

Proclamation 1888: Brazil became the last to

abolish slavery

Abolitionism

Plantation owners and slave traders resisted

USA Civil War, 1861- 1865, was most prolonged struggle to end slavery

Abolitionism

Outcomes Freed but not equal

citizens Only in Haiti was land

redistributed Shortage of plantation

labor African slaves were

replaced by indentured servants

Emancipated serfs in Russia remained poor

Feminism

Feminism

Olympe de Gouges wrote the Declaration of

the Rights of Women 1792, during French

Revolution New educational,

employment, and social opportunities

1848 Seneca Falls Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony

Demanded access to schools, professions, and voting

Feminist Achievements By 1900, a small number of

upper and middle class women had gained entrance to universities

US– states passed laws allowing women to control their own property, divorce

Teaching, nursing and social work (Jane Adams)

Women ultimately gained the right to vote New Zealand in 1893 USA in 1920 (19th Amendment) France in 1945