AP Review--Economics--NEW.pptx
Transcript of AP Review--Economics--NEW.pptx
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AP Review Session:Creating the Global Economy
Mr. MillhouseAP World History
Hebron High School
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1 month to AP Test Get a review book.
Purple book from Ms. Gray or Mr. Millhouse
Princeton Review, Barron’s, etc.
Sign-up for a review website.
www.getafive.com
www.learnerator.com
Create a study group. Meet once a week during block lunch?
Play Taboo & Chronology (learn vocabulary & dates!)
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Reviewing the Post-Classical Era
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Silk Roads 2.0 & 3.0
2.0 was Arab Caliphates & Tang Dynasty3.0 was the Mongol Empire (Marco Polo & Ibn Battuta
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Indian Ocean Trade
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Trans-Saharan Trade
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Mediterranean Trade
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Turquoise Roads
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Early Modern Erac.1450 – c.1750
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Key Concept 4.1 Key Concept 4.1 – Globalizing Networks of Exchange
Intensification and disruption of existing trade regional networks including Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Trans-Saharan, and overland Eurasia
European technological developments in cartography & navigation built upon previous classical, Islamic, and Asian technologies
Remarkable new transoceanic maritime reconnaissance occurred
Global circulation of goods was facilitated by royal-chartered European monopoly companies that took silver from Spanish colonies to…
Atlantic System... & mixing of African, American, & European cultures
For more information World History Crash Course #19
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Key Concept 4.1 Key Concept 4.1 – Globalizing Networks of Exchange
Columbian Exchange
Crash Course World History #23
Spread and reform of existing religions and the creation of syncretic religions
Spread of Christianity & Protestant Reformation
Syncretic religions: Vodun (voodoo), Sikhism
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Historical Evidence for Key Concept 4.1
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Evidence for “Maritime Reconnaissance”
Specific voyages:• Zheng He• Prince Henry the
Navigator• Vasco da Gama• Christopher
Columbus• Manila galleons• British, Dutch, &
French exploration of the North Atlantic
For more information World History Crash Course #21
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European trade empires in the Indian Ocean
Map of the Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.)
An additional example would be the British East India Company in India
For more information use your 3S (silver, sugar, and spices) charts & Crash Course #229
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Silver led to Globalization
The thick red line is the global flow of silver!
For more information use your 3S (silver, sugar, and spices) charts
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Atlantic System & Commercial Revolution
Additional evidence:• Mercantilism• Joint-stock
companies• Plantation system• Slaves• Indentured servitude• New European
social classes:• Bourgeoisie• Proletariat
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Columbian Exchange
For more information World History Crash Course #23
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Key Concept 4.2 Key Concept 4.2 – New Forms of Social Organization & Modes
of Production
Little Ice Age (14th century-19th century) changed agricultural practices & contraction of settlements in Northern Hemisphere
Peasant agriculture increased, plantations expanded, and demand for labor increased
As social & political elites changed, people also restructured ethnic, racial, and gender hierarchies
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Historical Evidence for Key Concept 4.2
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Ming Dynasty Economic Recovery
Increased production of silk textiles & porcelain
Increased demand for silk textiles for export intensified peasant labor
“Silver Sink”
Single-whip tax system increased demand for silver
Chinese demand for silver contributed to rise of world trade
Canton System
Limited trade to Macao/Canton
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Atlantic Slave TradeRise of Plantation System in Caribbean, Brazil, & Southern colonies of British North America
Notice: Very few slaves were bound for mainland New Spain!
For more information World History Crash Course #24
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Economy of New Spain Encomiendas
Manorialism in New World
Plantation System
Uses African slaves
Haciendas
Large cattle ranches
Mining
“Heart of the Empire
Coercive labor (mita)
Value of Spanish gold and silver imports from 1515-1660
For more information World History Crash Course #25
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Other Notables Japanese silver production led to political unification, a decline
of the daimyo, and the rise of a merchant class.
Japan also isolated trade to only the Dutch at port of Nagasaki.
Russian expansion to the frontier led to the expansion and intensification of serfdom.
Under the Mughal Empire, India continued to dominate in the production of cotton textiles.
Europeans began to establish trade outposts along the coast of India.
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AP Practice Prompt Discuss with the people sitting near you the potential
thesis categories for the following CCOT prompt. Which evidence would you use to support your categories?
Analyze continuities and changes in the commercial life of the Indian Ocean region from 650 C.E. to 1750 C.E.
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The Modern Era1750-1914
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Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization changed how goods were produced
Factors leading to the rise of industrial production
Development of machines & exploitation of fossil fuels
Factory system & increased specialization of labor
Second Industrial Revolution & new methods of production
New patterns of global trade as industrialization further integrated the global economy
Need for raw materials led to single export economies
Steam power increased manufacturing West; traditional areas of manufacturing declined (India & China)
Expansion of global trade (raw materials, finished goods, commodities)
Rise of extensive mining centers (gold & diamonds in South Africa)
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Key Concept 5.1 Financiers developed ideas (capitalism) & institutions (stock markets,
insurance, etc.) to facilitate global economic investment
Rise of transnational businesses
Major developments in transportation and communication
Required examples: railroads, steamships, telegraphs, canals
Industrialization & global capitalism led to a variety of responses
Alternatives: socialism, Marxism, anarchism, welfare state
Role of government in industrialization (ex. China, Ottoman, Japan)
Changes in social organization caused by industrialization and restructuring of global economy
For more information Crash Course #214 & Crash Course #33
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Related Key Concepts Key Concept 5.2 – Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
Industrialization and imperialism are directly related!
Key Concept 5.4 – Global Migration
For more information World History Crash Course #35 & #213
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Required Factors for Industrial Production
Europe’s location on Atlantic Ocean
Geographical distribution of coal, iron, and timber
European demographic changes & urbanization
Improved agricultural productivity
Legal protection of private property
An abundance of rivers and canals
Access to foreign resources
Accumulation of capital
Sort these factors into common ideas!
For more information World History Crash Course #32
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Industrial Technology Mechanization of Weaving & Iron smelting
Cotton that took an Indian worker 500 hours to spin took a machine in England 80 minutes to spin
Bessemer steel process
Energy
Steam engine & internal combustion engine increased exploitation of fossil fuels (coal & oil)
Transportation & Communication
Canals, steamboat, railroads, telegraphs
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Responses to Industrialization
Capitalism – Adam Smith
Liberalism – John Stuart Mill
Socialism
Marxism The Communist Manifesto by
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
Communism
Rise of welfare state (Germany)
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Effects of Industrialization Labor changes
Factory labor was dangerous and toilsome
Initially women & children work in factories
Rise in white collar jobs for new middle class
Labor unions were formed to protect workers
Rise of consumer culture
Standard of living increases
Frequent economic depressions
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Global Industrialization
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Global Industrialization
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Global Industrialization Industrialization turned nations into manufacturers of
consumer goods:
Western Europe (Great Britain & Germany), the United States, Japan
Industrialization turned some nations into “niche” producers:
Russia, parts of Latin America (Mexico, Argentina, etc.)
Industrialization turned some nations into suppliers of raw materials
Egypt, India, Southeast Asia, Africa & parts of Latin America
For more information World History Crash Course #212 & 213
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Russian Industrialization Caused by Russian defeat in Crimean War
Abolish serfdom in 1861
Do NOT make major reforms to help peasants
Limited industrialization led by government
Trans-Siberian railroad
Focus on heavy industry
2nd in petroleum and 4th in steel production by 1900
Do NOT produce consumer goods
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Japanese Industrialization Meiji Restoration
Abolished feudal order
Industrialization supported by state Rise of zaibatsu
Mitsubishi
Women work in silk factories
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The Middle East Ottoman Empire (a.k.a.“Sick Man of Europe”)
Declining agricultural revenues
Large debts to foreign nations
European imports exceed exports
Egypt
Muhammad Ali promotes cotton cloth production
Relied heavily on foreign investment
Successors build the Suez Canal
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Asia & Global Industrialization
India Britain transforms India from textile supplier to exporter of cotton
China Struggles to modernize for many reasons (too many to identify here)
Southeast Asia Europeans divide parts of Southeast Asia not already under Dutch
control
Indentured Servitude Indians, Chinese, & Japanese migrated to the Caribbean, Africa, and
Southeast Asia to work as laborers
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AP Practice Prompt Discuss with the people sitting near you the potential thesis
categories for the following periodization prompt. Which evidence would you use to support your categories?
Analyze to what extent the Industrial Revolution marked a turning point in the creation of global trade network.
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The 20th Century
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Key Concepts Key Concept 6.1 – Science & the Environment
Green Revolution
New energy technologies – oil & nuclear power – raised productivity and increased production of material goods
Humans changed their relationship with the environment
Competition over global resources
Global warming caused by greenhouse gases and other pollutants
Pollution, deforestation, and desertification
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Key Concepts Key Concept 6.3 – New Conceptualizations of Global Economy
States responded in a variety of ways to economic challenges
Communist governments controlled their economies
Stalin’s Five-Year Plans, Mao’s Great Leap Forward
Great Depression increased government intervention in economy
The New Deal, Hitler’s fascist corporatism (Volkswagen)
Newly independent nations attempt to guide their economy to promote economic development
End of the 20th century, many governments encouraged free market economic policies
China under Deng Xiaoping
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Key Concepts Key Concept 6.3 – New Conceptualizations of Global Economy
States, communities, and individuals became increasingly interdependent
New global economic institutions
IMF, World Bank, World Trade Organization
Regional trade networks
European Union and NAFTA
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Green Revolution
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Effects of Green Revolution
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Stalin’s Five-Year Plans
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U.S. Economy in 20th Century
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China’s Economy Since Deng Xiaoping
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World Trade Organization
For more information World History Crash Course #41 & #42
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European Union
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Global Coca-Cola
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AP Practice Prompt Discuss with the people sitting near you the potential thesis
categories for the following causation prompt. Which evidence would you use to support your categories?
Analyze the causes of rising economic interdependence after World War II?